SAP ABAP
7.4 Syntax
Prepared by Yogi Pavan - SAP ABAP Consultant Linkedin – Bandi Yogi Pavan Kumar Reddy
SAP ABAP 7.4 Syntax
Contents
SAP ABAP 7.4 Syntax ............................................................................................................................... 1
Inline Declarations ............................................................................................................................... 1
Table Expressions ................................................................................................................................ 3
Value Operator .................................................................................................................................... 5
For Operator........................................................................................................................................ 6
Switch Operator .................................................................................................................................. 6
Conditional Operator ........................................................................................................................... 7
Conversion Operator ........................................................................................................................... 7
Reduce Operator ................................................................................................................................. 7
New Operator...................................................................................................................................... 7
Strings ................................................................................................................................................. 8
References .......................................................................................................................................... 8
Inline Declarations
Variables Assignment
DATA(lv_num) = 1.
DATA(lv_num2) = lv_num.
Before 7.4
DATA: lv_num TYPE I,
lv_num2 type I
lv_num = 1.
lv_num2 = lv_num.
Looping on Internal Tables
7.4 Syntax for loop into Work area:
LOOP AT itab INTO DATA(wa).
"logic
ENDLOOP.
Example:
LOOP AT it_ekko INTO DATA(ls_ekko).
"Logic
ENDLOOP.
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Before 7.4 Syntax
DATA: ls_ekko TYPE ekko.
LOOP AT it_ekko INTO ls_ekko.
"Logic
ENDLOOP.
7.4 Syntax for loop at assigning:
LOOP AT itab ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<fs_line>).
"logic
ENDLOOP.
Example:
LOOP AT it_ekko ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<fs_ekko>).
"Logic
ENDLOOP.
Before 7.4 Syntax
FIELD-SYMBOLS <fs_ekko> type ekko.
LOOP AT it_ekko ASSIGNING <fs_ekko>.
"Logic
ENDLOOP.
Actual Parameters in Methods
After 7.4 Syntax
method1(
EXPORTING iv_input = lv_inp
IMPORTING iv_result = DATA(lv_result) ).
Before 7.4 Syntax
DATA: lv_result TYPE char5.
method1(
EXPORTING iv_input = lv_inp
IMPORTING iv_result = lv_result ).
Read Table Statements
7.4 Syntax for Read table into work area:
READ TABLE it_ekko INTO DATA(ls_wa) WITH KEY col1 = value col2 = value.
READ TABLE it_ekko INTO DATA(ls_wa) INDEX indx_val.
Example:
READ TABLE it_ekko INTO DATA(ls_ekko) WITH KEY ebeln = '5000000001' bsart =
'NB'.
READ TABLE it_ekko INTO DATA(ls_ekko) INDEX 1.
Before 7.4 Syntax
DATA: ls_ekko TYPE ekko.
READ TABLE it_ekko INTO ls_ekko WITH KEY ebeln = '5000000001' bsart = 'NB'.
READ TABLE it_ekko INTO ls_ekko INDEX 1.
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7.4 Syntax for Read Assigning:
READ TABLE itab ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<fs_line>).
Example:
READ TABLE it_ekko ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<fs_ekko1>)
WITH KEY ebeln = '5000000001' bsart = 'NB'.
READ TABLE it_ekko ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<fs_ekko>) INDEX 1.
Before 7.4 Syntax
FIELD-SYMBOLS <fs_ekko> TYPE ekko.
READ TABLE it_ekko ASSIGNING <fs_ekko> WITH KEY ebeln = '5000000001'
bsart = 'NB'.
READ TABLE it_ekko ASSIGNING <fs_ekko> INDEX 1.
Selection Statements
7.4 Syntax for Select Statement:
SELECT * FROM db_tab_name INTO TABLE @DATA(itab) WHERE field = @lv_field.
SELECT SINGLE f1,f2 FROM db_tab_name INTO @DATA(ls_str) WHERE
field = @lv_field.
Example:
SELECT * FROM ekko INTO TABLE @DATA(it_ekko) WHERE ebeln = @lv_ebeln.
SELECT SINGLE ebeln, ebelp FROM ekpo into @DATA(ls_ekpo) WHERE ebeln =
@lv_ebeln.
Before 7.4 Syntax
DATA: it_ekko TYPE TABLE OF ekko,
ls_ekko TYPE ekko.
SELECT * FROM ekko INTO TABLE it_ekko WHERE ebeln = lv_ebeln.
SELECT SINGLE ebeln, ebelp FROM ekpo into @ls_ekpo WHERE ebeln = @lv_ebeln.
Table Expressions
7.4 Syntax for Read Table with Index and Components
DATA(wa) = itab[ index ].
DATA(wa) = itab[ value ].
DATA(wa) = itab[ col1 = value col2 = value].
Example:
DATA(ls_ekko1) = it_ekko[ '5000000001' ].
DATA(ls_ekko2) = it_ekko[ ebeln = '5000000001' ].
DATA(ls_ekko2) = it_ekko[ ebeln = '5000000001' bsart = 'NB' ].
DATA(ls_ekko3) = it_ekko[ 1 ].
Before 7.4 Syntax
READ TABLE it_ekko INTO ls_ekko INDEX 1.
READ TABLE it_ekko INTO ls_ekko WITH KEY ebeln = '5000000001'.
READ TABLE it_ekko INTO ls_ekko WITH KEY ebeln = '5000000001' bsart = 'NB'.
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7.4 Syntax for Line Exists in Table
IF line_exists( itab[ col1 = value ] ).
"logic
ENDIF.
Example:
IF line_exists( it_ekko[ ebeln = '5000000001' bsart = 'NB' ] ).
"logic
ENDIF.
Before 7.4 Syntax
READ TABLE it_ekko INTO ls_ekko WITH KEY ebeln = '5000000001' bsart = 'NB'.
IF sy-subrc EQ 0.
"logic
ENDIF.
7.4 Syntax for Index of the record
DATA(lv_index) = line_index( itab[ col = value ] ).
Example:
DATA(lv_index) = line_index( it_ekko[ ebeln = '5000000001' ] ).
7.4 Syntax for Corresponding
DATA(wa2) = CORRESPONDING tb_name( wa1 ).
Example:
DATA(ls_ekko2) = CORRESPONDING ekko( ls_ekko ).
Before 7.4 Syntax
MOVE-CORRESPONDING ls_ekko to ls_ekko1.
7.4 Syntax for table assigning to another table
DATA: itab1 TYPE TABLE OF ekko.
DATA(itab2) = itab1.
Example:
DATA(lt_tmp_table1) = it_ekko.
Before 7.4 Syntax
DATA: it_tmp_tb TYPE TABLE OF ekko,
it_ekko TYPE TABLE OF ekko.
lt_tmp_tb = it_ekko.
7.4 Syntax to get particular field value of a table record
DATA(lv_field_var) = itab[ field = value ]-required_field_name
Example
DATA(ls_doc_type) = it_ekko[ ebeln = '5000000001' ]-bsart.
7.4 Syntax to check with table field
IF itab[ field = value ]- required_field_name = value.
ENDIF.
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Example
IF it_ekko[ ebeln = '5000000001' ]-bsart = 'NB'.
ENDIF.
Value Operator
Add records to internal table
Example 1
APPEND VALUE #( ebeln = ls_ekpo-ebeln ebelp = ls_ekpo-ebelp werks = ls_ekpo-
werks matnr = ls_ekpo-matnr ) TO it_ekpo.
Example 2
DATA(lt_rg) = VALUE rseloption( ( sign = 'I' option = 'EQ' low = '1' ) ).
Example 3
APPEND VALUE #( ebeln = ls_ekko-ebeln ) TO it_ekpo.
Add multiple records to internal table
Example 1
TYPES ty_ekko TYPE TABLE OF ekko WITH DEFAULT KEY.
TYPES ty_ekpo TYPE TABLE OF ekpo WITH DEFAULT KEY.
DATA(it_ekko1) = VALUE ty_ekko( ( ebeln = '5000000001' ) ( ebeln = '500000000
2' ) ).
Example 2
DATA: it_ekpo TYPE TABLE OF ekpo,
ls_ekpo TYPE ekpo.
it_ekpo = VALUE #( ( ebeln = '5000000001' ) ( ebeln = '5000000002' ) ( ebeln
= '5000000003' ) ).
Example 3
DATA lt_range TYPE TABLE OF rsdsselopt.
lt_range = VALUE #( ( sign = 'I' option = 'EQ' low = '1' ) ( sign = 'I' opti
on = 'EQ' low = '2' ) ).
Add values to work area
DATA(ls_ekko1) = VALUE ekko( ebeln = '5000000001' ).
DATA(ls_ekko1) = VALUE #( it_ekko[ ebeln = '5000000001' ] OPTIONAL ).
Filter the internal table and pass records to another internal table
Example
it_ekpo1 = VALUE #( BASE it_ekpo FOR ls_ekko IN it_ekko ( ebeln = ls_ekko-
ebeln ) ).
7.4 Syntax to get total lines of internal table
DATA(lv_lines) = LINES( itab ).
Example
DATA(lv_lines) = LINES( it_ekko ).
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7.4 Syntax to check record exist in table
SELECT SINGLE @abap_true FROM ekko INTO @DATA(lv_flag) WHERE ebeln = value.
IF lv_flag eq abap_true.
"logic
ELSE.
"logic
ENDIF.
For Operator
7.4 Syntax
FOR wa|<fs> IN itab [INDEX INTO idx] [cond]
Example 1
TYPES ty_ekpo TYPE TABLE OF ekpo WITH DEFAULT KEY.
DATA(it_ekpo1) = VALUE ty_ekpo( FOR ls_ekpo IN it_ekpo WHERE ( ebeln = '5000
000001' ) ( ebeln = ls_ekpo-ebeln ) ).
Example 2
TYPES lty TYPE TABLE of rsdsselopt WITH DEFAULT KEY.
DATA(lt_rg) = VALUE rseloption( FOR <fs> IN it_ekpo ( sign = 'I' option = 'EQ
' low = <fs>-ebeln ) ).
Example 3
DATA(lt_rg) = VALUE rseloption( FOR <fs> IN it_ekpo WHERE ( ebeln IS NOT INIT
IAL ) ( sign = 'I' option = 'EQ' low = <fs>-ebeln ) ).
Switch Operator
7.4 Syntax
DATA(lv_var) = SWITCH dtype|#( operand
WHEN const1 THEN result1
WHEN const2 THEN result2
ELSE resultn ).
Example
DATA(lv_num2) = SWITCH #( p_value WHEN 'A' THEN 1
WHEN 'B' THEN 2
WHEN 'A' THEN 3 ).
Before 7.4 Syntax
DATA: p_value TYPE c VALUE 'A',
lv_num TYPE i.
CASE p_value.
WHEN 'A'.
lv_num = 1.
WHEN 'B'.
lv_num = 2.
WHEN 'C'.
lv_num = 3.
ENDCASE.
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Conditional Operator
7.4 Syntax
DATA(lv_val) = COND dtype( WHEN log_exp1 THEN result1
WHEN log_exp2 THEN result2
ELSE resultn ).
Example
DATA(time) =
COND string(
WHEN sy-timlo < '120000' THEN |{ sy-timlo TIME = ISO } AM|
WHEN sy-timlo > '120000' THEN |{ CONV t( sy-timlo -
12 * 3600 ) TIME = ISO } PM|
WHEN sy-timlo = '120000' THEN |High Noon| ).
Conversion Operator
Example
DATA txt TYPE abap_bool.
DATA str TYPE string.
txt = ' '.
str = ` `.
IF txt = str.
" This block is executed.
ENDIF.
IF txt = CONV abap_bool( str ).
" This block is executed.
ENDIF.
Reduce Operator
7.4 Syntax
DATA(lv_result) = REDUCE dt_type( INIT result = start_value FOR exp1
NEXT result = iterated_value )
Example
DATA(lines) = REDUCE i( INIT x = 0 FOR ls_ekko1 IN it_ekko
WHERE ( ebeln = '5000000000' )
NEXT x = x + 1 ).
New Operator
7.4 Syntax
DATA(lo_ref) = NEW class_name.
Example
DATA(lo_ref) = NEW zcl_class.
Before 7.4 Syntax
DATA lo_ref TYPE REF TO zcl_class.
CREATE OBJECT lo_ref.
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Conversions
7.4 Syntax
DATA(lv_var) = |{ lv_var_field ALPHA = IN | OUT } |.
Example
DATA(lv_matnr_in) = |{ lv_matnr ALPHA = IN } |.
DATA(lv_matnr1) = |{ lv_matnr_IN ALPHA = OUT } |.
Before 7.4 Syntax
DATA lv_matnr TYPE matnr.
lv_matnr = '1001'.
call FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_INPUT'
EXPORTING
input = lv_matnr
IMPORTING
output = lv_matnr.
Text Translations
7.4 Syntax
DATA(lv_var) = | { lv_var_text CASE = LOWER | UPPER } |.
Example
DATA(lv_text_l) = | { lv_text CASE = LOWER } |.
DATA(lv_text_u) = | { lv_text_l CASE = UPPER } |.
Before 7.4 Syntax
DATA lv_text(10) TYPE c VALUE 'SAP ABAP'.
TRANSLATE lv_text TO LOWER CASE.
TRANSLATE lv_text TO UPPER CASE.
Strings
Example
DATA(lv_string) = |HELLO| & |WORLD|.
DATA(lv_string1) = |HELLO| & | | & |WORLD|.
Before 7.4 Syntax
DATA lv_output TYPE STRING.
CONCATENATE 'HELLO' 'WORLD' INTO lv_output SEPARATED BY space.
References
https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_latest_index_htm/latest/en-US/index.htm?file=abennews-
740.htm
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