Chaptet Ll,

L-
L_
L- Well ControlManual
PAGE
L. Chapter11 SubseaWell Control
t ot27
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Well ControlManual
PAGE
Chapter1.t SubseaWellControl
2o127
!

Subsea BOP -
-
5

a*
--

=
?-
- =
l-- *
l'--

-_
-

Offshore Well Drilling from a Semi-submersible f-

C-

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-
11-
5

-
-
-
Reserved W e l lC o n t r oM
Drilline l anual PTTCOLtd.
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 Well GontrolManual
PAGE
Chapterl$ SubseaWellControl 3sl27
 /\.
1

Well Controlilanual
PAGE
Chapterlt SubseaWell Control
4ot27

Flcxlblc

#
e
Flcrible Jolnt e
t
e
Accsmulator #
Sottlcc
F
Rls¤r Connector
c.:
#
#
c
*

Control Pod c N
-
I
-
I
-
I
l-
I
]*
I
F-
! l

]-
I
LOWERMARTNE (LMRP)
R|SERPACKAGE -- a
]*
TheLowerMarineRiserPackageconsistsof a hydraulic connector (Mandrelor Collet I
-- a
type)that connectsto the top of the BOPstack.A flexiblejoint or balljointis mounted
-
abovethe hydraulic connectorin orderto providea flexiblelink betweenthe riserand I
the BOPstack.Thisallowslateralmovementof the drillingvesseloverthe well.Flexible er+
I
pipingis then requiredfor chokeand kill linesaroundthe balljointin the assemblyof -- l
the lowerriserpackage.Theriserpipemustbe designedso that failuresare kept to a
minimum.QuickconnectMandreland boxconnections are usedwith mechanical
lockingdevicesto securethe joints.Tensioning Systemsare employedto helpsupport
the riserweight.

ieht Reserved D r i l l i n sW e l lC o n t r oM
l anual PTTCOLtd,
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PIT {-1 Well ControlManual
PAGE

rt Chapter1t SubseaWellControl
5o127
!t
!t
-t
-t
ANDCONTROLS
SUBSEAHOOKUPS
!t
!t HYDRAULIC POWERUNIT
-.

!t WIT}I MASTERHYDRAULIC
COI{TROLPANEL
{ ACCUMULATOR
BAI{K
rlt
rt
-t
!t
r' vEs (NoTsHolYN)
PODLOCKLINE
rt BATTERY
rt CHARGEF

rl
rt
rt
rt
rt
-t suP (TELESCOPTC)
JO|NT

!t
rt HOSECLAMP

!t
HYDRAULICPOWERANO
rt CHOKEANO
KILL LINES CONTROLHOSEBUNDLE

-t
rt BALL JOINT
LOWEHMARINE
!t RISEBPACKAGE

It
MODULAR
-t CONTROLPOD ,

!t
1
1
-t
-
-
-t
-
-
tt CopvriehtReserved I OrillineWell ControlManual PTTCOLtd.

-
 Well GontrolManual
PAGE
Ghapter1t SubseaWellControl 6o1127

ControlPodsand ControlLines- Thecontrolpodsand controllinesare usedin subsea

the controllinesrunfrom the accumulator
operations; to the podswhichare locatedon
the subseaBOPstack.Thesetwo devicesare responsible for transmittingthe hydraulic
pressurefrom the accumulator to actuatethe variousfunctionsof the subseaBOP
stack.
Blowout PreventerUmbillcals
BlowoutPreventer(BOP)umbilicalsare the
criticallinkbetweenthe surfacehydrauliccontrol
unitonboarda floatingdrillingrig and the subsea
BOPstacklocatedon the oceanfloor.

BOP ControlUmbilical

LL2 FLUIDMIXINGSYSTEM
HYDRAULIC

Hydraulicfluid reservoircomprisingof 2 storagesections:

mixedfluidto be usedin operation.

Onecontaining

Secondsectioncontaining the concentrated fluidto be

watersolublehydraulic
mixedwith waterto form the mixedhydraulicfluld.

controlled
Themixingsystemis an automatically system.

BOPSYSTEM:
SUBSURFACE

SubseaBOPstackconsistsof two r".a,on.,

A conventional

o Thelowerpartcontainsthe ram preventers andoneannularpreventer.

o Theupperpart(LMRP)containsa hydraulic connector, an annularpreventer,
controlsystempods,ball or flexjoint to connectwith riser.Thispackagecan
with the riserleavingthe stackin positionon the well head.
be retrieved

ht Reserved DrillineWell ControlManual PTTCOLtd,

5
b
.t Well ControlManual
rt PAGE
Chapter1L SubseaWell Control
-t 7 oI27
rlt
!t
.t
Pipe fam: besidesbeingableto sealoff the annulusroundthe drillpipe,the piperam
-t canalsosupportthe weightof the drillstringif it needsto be hung-offon them.To
-t the ramsmust be ableto be lockedin the closedposition
hang-offthe stringsecurely,
-t opening.
wtthno riskof accidental
-t All subseastackscontainblind/shearrams.Theseare desi$nedto cut throughpipeand
rrt
Theyare nearlyalwaysplacedin the upper(pipe)
thensealof the well borecompletely.
rt ram cavityof the stackandshouldhavea kill outletimmediately
underneath in casea
{ wellhasto be circulated.
{
1 ST'BSEAANNULAR PREI'ENTERS
1
Whenoperatinganyannularblowoutpreventer subsea,the hydrostatic pressure of the
1
drillingfluidcolumnin the marineriserexertsan openingforceon the blowout
{
preventer. the closingpressures
Therefore, requiredare equalto the surfaceinstallation
{ pressure(AP)to accountfor the openingforce
closingpressureplusa compensating
{ exertedby the drillingfluidcolumn.TheHydrillGLannularpreventer is primarily
rlt designed for subseaoperations.
-t
o lf openingand closingchamberareasareequal,thereis no effecton the
!t hydrostatic pressure of the controlfluidcolumn.
1 o Counterbalance hookuptechniqueautomatically compensatesfor the
rrt effectsof subseaoperations. When the secondary is
chamber connected
E to the marineriser,the openingforceexertedbythe drillingfluidcolumn
l y u n tebr a lan ce d .
is a u t o m a t i ca lco
-'
-t
ACCUMUIATORS
STJBSEA
-t
-t fluidin subseastackare:
to storehydraulic
Mainobjectives
-t 1,. Reduce time(fastdelivery)
theoperatin$
-t 2. Enablethemto actassurgechambers (largevolumewithhi$hpressure)
for
rt preventers.
theannular
-
- lf the BOPstackis locatedin 1,0O0ft. of seawater(seawatergradient= 0.445psi/ft),The
calculatedusablefluidvolumebyusingBoyle's lawwillhaveto beadjustedbyhydrostatic
-
pressure of thewatercolumn;
-'
SubseaAccumulatorBottle, Pre-char$epressure = 1000 + 445 psi
-t
- = 1445 psi
-
-
-t
-
-
 Well ControlManual
PAGE
Chapter1t SubseaWellControl
8ot27

FAILSAFE
VALVES
-
Thevalvesare usuallyplacedin pairson the chokeand kill lines.Theyare openedhydraulically
-
from surface(O.6gallonof fluid is typicallyrequired)but oncethe openingpressureis released,
a springactionautomatically forcesthe gate closed. -
-
-
--
-'

=
--

-
--
l--

--
l+-
-
lc-
I
7--
I
l-'
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--
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11-
- .
l--
_ I
?r--
- l

lr'-
- r
l¤-
Note: HardShutin procedure, includinghang-off, ?1-
I
_ T
whiledrillingon a floatingrigwith a drill ?1-
- f ,
stringcompensator, according to APIRP59 7---
- Stopdrillingandpositiontooljointsawayfromrams. ?1-
I
- t
- Stopmudpumps. ?4-
- T
- Closethe BOP. ?4-
- l
- Openthe chokelineon the BOPwith the remotechokeclosed. ?--
- t
- Adjustannularclosingpressure to permitstrippingof tooljoints. l*-
- .
- Continue with normalhang-offprocedure. - l

- Record pressures. l--

- t
- l
t1-
- J

CopvriehtReserved W e l lC o n t r o M
Drilling l anual PTTCOLtd,
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!t
5
b
rt Well ControlManual
.t PIT PAGE
rrt Chapter1t SubseaWellControl 9ol I7

-
-t
-t BOPCONTROL
SYSTEMS
-
In land rigls,the largenumberof controllinesrequiredcan be easilyhandledbecausethe
-
dbtance to accessthem is not so great.In subseastacks,the directcontrolsystemis
-t impractical. Toomanyindividuallineswouldbe neededand the pressuredropinsidethem
-t wouldbe too greatfor the reactiontimes to be acceptable.
.t'
Forthesereasons,othersystemshavebeendevelopedbasedon the ideaof usingone main
!t hydrauliclinethroughwhichpowerfluid is sentto the stack,and for pilotvalveslocatedon the
rrt stackto directit to the variousfunctionson commandfrom the surface.Thesecommandscan
rt be easilytransmittedto the pilotvalveeitherhydraulically,
electrically
or acoustically.

1 }M)RAULICCONTROLSYSTEM
1 The master hydraulicpower unit
{
1 Thisunit suppliesfluid to both pilotand hydrauliclinesvia accumulatorbottles.Thestackcan
be controlledfrom this unit or from a remotecontrolpanelon the rigflooror an electricmini
1 panelusuallylocatedin the tool pusher'soffice.
1
1 ControlPods

1 Pilotand operating(power)fluidsare sent to the stackvia one of the hosebundleseachof

-t whichterminatesin a pod (yellowor blue)mountedon the LMRP.Pilotcontrolvalveand Pod
selectorvalve(locatedon the masterhydraulicunit)directpilotfluid and powerfluid to go to
1
selectedpod in subsea.Thetypicalhosebundleis madeup of a 1" supplyhosefor powerfluid
rt
and3/L6" hosefor pilotfluid.Insidecontrolpodsubsea,thereis a pilotvalve(SPMvalve)which
- is connected to the commonpowerfluidsupply.Pilotfluidwill openthe SPMvalveand allow
- powerfluid to go downto a shuttlevalve.
- Shuttle Valve
-
Theshuttlevalvewhichis mountedon the stack,allowsfluid to flow to operatingcylinderfrom
-
the oneselectedpodonly(isolatin$activeand inactivepod).
r.lt
-
1
-t
RegulatedPowerFluld
-
- Theoperatingor powerfluid is storedin the accumulatorbottlesat 3,0OOpsi.Thispressureis
too highfor normaloperationof annularsor ramsand so the controlpodscontainregulatorsin
-
orderthat closingpressurecan be controlledas required-usually from 0-1,500psi.this subsea
- regulatoris controlledfrom surfacevia a pilotlineand anotherline is usedto returnto a panel
- gaugethe "readback"operatingpressuredownstreamof the regulator.
-t
-
-
-' CopvriehtReserved D r i l l i n eW e l lC o n t r oM
l anual PTTCOLtd.

-
 Well ControlManual
PlT PAGE
Chapter1t SubseaWell Control
LOot27
-
-

Powersystem and Pilot system -

-
As mentionedbefore,someof the hydraulicpowerfluid is storedin subseaaccumulators
-
locatedon the stackin orderto reduceclosingtimes and alsoto providea surgechambereffect
for annularpreventer.All the powerfluid on the low pressuresideof a functionis eventually -
ventedto the seavia the pilotvalves.Thisthereforenecessitates the useof environmentally -
safe fluidswhichmustalsoinhibitcorrosionand bacterialgrowthas well as beingcompatible
additive.Largevolumesof fluid are preparedand storednearthe hydraulicunit
with anti-freeze
and are transferredautomaticallyto the accumulators drivenpumpswhenever
by electrically
accumulatorpressurefalls belowa pre-setlevel.Thepilotsystemis the closesystem.

ELECTRO.HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS
CONTROL

Theobjectiveof the BOPcontrolsystemis to movesufficientpowerfluid,at the required

pressure, to operatecylinderin the minimumtime.Forthe verylengthsof hosebundles(i.e.
-
2000 ft.) frictionlossesinsidethe small pilotlinesresultin unacceptable
lon$reactiontimes.
On the otherhand,if the diameterof theselinesincreased, the hosebundlewouldbe too bulky
to handleso that the alternativeto the purelyhydrauliccontrolsystemis neededfor deepwater
operations.

Thisis foundin the 3/16" pilotlinesthat are replacedwith electricallineswhichoperate

solenoidvalvesat the controlpods.Highpressureis takenfrom the main powerline in the pod -
undercontrolof solenoidvalveand is usedas pilotpressureto openthe SPMvalvethus
allowingthe regulated powerfluidflow throughthe operatin$ cylinder.

ACOUSTIC SYSTEMS
CONTROL

Althoughboththe controlsystems lcoustic ('omp0nents

described aboveredundancy is assured

throughthe useof two identicalcontrol
pods,furtherfullyindependent systemis
sometimesdesiredfor a complete
backup.To suitthis requirement, acoustic lublea Cor0ol
f nir $irh Rrmore
controlsystems havebeendesi$ned Traurducrr Head

whichcan operatecertainvitalstack
functionsevenif the rig is forcedoff
locationand is not physically attachedto i 1 '
t he w el l he a d .

CopvriehtReserved D r i l l i n eW e l lC o n t r oM
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PIT ls PAGE
Chapter1t SubseaWellControl
LLot27

GEIIEML SIJBSEABOPSTACK

Ttrearrangementof the subseaBOPstack may generallybe set up as follows;

F"r.orn
Top to Bottomi

r Qf the MarlneRlser -Divertersystems

-Telescopic
Joint-BoostLine

r Qf the LIURP -FlexJoint

Lt
Lt -UpperAnnular
tt -RiserConnector
Lt
Lt . Of the SubseaBOP -LowerAnnular
Lt -Blind/ShearRam(withChokelineconnection)
Lt
-UpperPipeRamsor Hangoff Rams(withKill line connection)
Lt
Lt -VariableBoreRam (withChokelineconnection)
Lt -LowerPipeRams(with Kill lineconnection)
Lt
Lt . WellheadConnector

DI'VERTER
SYSTEM

TheDivertersystemsand Diverterpathsare locatedabovethe Telescoping joint. lf the top hole

drillingis begunwithoutthe useof a MarineRiser,the Divertersystemwill not be installeduntil
afterthe first casingis cementedin, the well headis in placeand the BOPstackand Marine
Risersystemsare installed.

(SLrP)JOrNT
TELESCOPTC

TheTelescopic joint allowsthe floatingrigsto float up

and downwith the sea wavemotion.Motion
compensators in the hoistingsystemautomatically
Lt maintaindrillstringand bit positionconstantwhilethe
floatingrig is heaving.
Lt
Lt
tt
Lt
tt
L,
L, Reserved W e l lC o n t r o M
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Chapter1t SubseaWellControl -
712ot27
-
-

BOOSTER
LINE -
-
MarineRiserusuallyhas a largediameter(i.e.at least20"),the upwardvelocityof drillin$mud r--
will dropoff dramaticallywhen it entersthe Riser.Thedrill cuttingswill settleout due to the
reductionin annularvelocityin the Riser.Therefore,the Boosterlinewith a separatededicated -
pump is oftenusedon the MarineRiser.Besidesthe boostfunction,the boosterline is also -
usedfor fillingMarineRiserwith kill mud afterthe killing
operation. l-

t--{

#
5
l,--

MudBGtsLirc
f.rmlnrt"lon sFfil

The terminationspool is installedin the riserstring immediatelyabovethe flex joint.

Mud is pumped throughthe boosterline to increaseupwardflow throughthe riserto
the surface.The terminationspool providesthe additionalcirculationnecessaryfor -
extremelydeep water drillingapplications.The terminationspool is equippedwith an ?F

automaticcheck valvewhich allows mud to flow only down the circulationline and up
the riserstring.Cameronsuppliesthe Mud BoosterLineTerminationSpool to customer l-
specifiedlengths.
?F

F|LLUPVALVE(DUMPVALVE)
l1
Whenshallowgas kick happens,the gasexpandsgreatlyin the MarineRiserthus the reduction
of mud columnand subsequently mud hydrostaticpressurein the Risermay havea tendencyof ?4

The Fillup valveallowsthe MarineRiserto be filled in with sea waterto

Riserto be collapsed. lF
preventthis problem.TheFillup valvealsoallowssea waierto fill the well annulusin caseof ,':
losscirculation.
?4

?4

+
?-
*
-
?4
*
*
I
CopyrightReserved W e l lC o n t r o M
Drilline l anual PTTCOLtd.
-4
I
 P- T ( - ) Well ControlManual
PAGE
Chapter1"t SubseaWellControl
13ot27

l- -
I

l-
L
Z
I

-
Incoseof unexpected evocuotion
- ofdrilling
fluids, prevents
thisvolve
- collopse of thesubseo riserbg
h bockfillingit withseowoter.
|!
ra
r-

-
-
The benefitsof havinga fill-upvalve(dumpvalveor flood valve)in the marine riserare:
-=
l{ a It allowssea waterto fill the marineriserwhenshallowgas kicks.
-- a It allowssea waterto fill the well in caseof losscirculation.
-a
r{
FloatingrigBwith shallowglasissues:
r{
-{ Whenshallowgas kicks,it may causemarineriser(withdiverterin place)to be collapsed.
E
The weakest point on the marine riser equipmentsto be damagedeasilywhen
r{
shallowgas kick is the slipjoint packer.
-
An advanta$eof floatingrigsoverother offshorerigsare that theycan moveaway
-
from well locationin shortnotice.
-
Surfaceholedrillingon floatingrig can be carriedout withouta marineriserinstalledfor
-
- the safetyof rig and personnel.The rig can be easilymovedoff location,allowingthe
.- shallowgas to depleteor holeto bridgeoff.

-
-!
'-

-
-a
-- CopvriehtReserved Drilling
W e l lC o n t r o M
l anual PTTCOLtd.
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a
 Well ControlManual
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ChaptertL: SubseaWellControl lAot27
-
I
RISERMARGIN -

ln caseof a marineriser(on floatingrigs)losseitherby purposeor by accident,therewill be a -

reductionin hydrostaticpressureexertedon the BOPstack, thus the bottom hole pressureis -
subsequently dropped.This drop in hydrostaticpressureis equalto the hydrostaticdifferential -
betweenfluid in the riserfrom subseaBOPstackto rig floor and the sea water. An extramud
-
weightto be addedon drillingmud weightto permita safedrillingin caseof the lossof marine
riser is called 'Rlser Margln'. The riser margin can be determinedfrom the net loss in -
hydrostaticpressuredue to marine riser disconnectedwhich is the differencein hydrostatic -
pressuresbetweenmud hydrostaticpressurein the riserand the seawaterhydrostaticpressure. 4
Themarginin pp6,is then calculatedbase{on the remainingdepthin the well.
I
I
RKBtosealevel
(air ¤,aP) ,.it 4
Seawafer$radient I
I
750 fr. 4
"-l
&8 ppg. 1
I
I
?r
Fl
#
#
4.500ft. J
J I
-
I
]*- l

-
J
2. f*SPsrrnud ivtFrber: 0.052x 8.8 x 820 5" J
:375.3 4
:&8+S.11*ES J
4
I
J
J
J
t Reserved DrillineWell ControlManual PTTCOLtd.
5
\
- Well ControlManual
-t PtT l1 PAGE
rt Chapter1! SubseaWellControl
75o127
rlt
!t
rrt Erample
rrt
Waterdepth:1150 feet,WellTVDfrom RKB(flowline):2000 ft, Air gap:90 ft,
-t Seawaterweight:8.7 pp$,Mudweight:9.8 ppg.Whatis the reductionin bottomhole
-' pressureif the riseris disconnected?
Whatis the minimummud densityrequiredto
!t keepthe well in balancewith the riserdisconnected?(TwoAnswers)
rlt
29 RISERMAGIN(PPg)=
It
f.lir GapUt) +WaterDepthUt)1x MudDensity(pp7) -lWater DepthUt) x SeaWaterDensity(ppdl
I' rVD (ft) - Atr GapUt) - Water Depth(f t)
!t
T'
-t t ( 9 0 - r L 1 5 0 ) > <9 . A l - [ L 1 _ 5 0x a - 7 1 -- 2.83ppq
,RiserMagi"n=
E
rt R educ t i on tnB H P = 2 . 8 3 x 0 . 0 5 2x ( 2 0 0 0- 9 0 - 1 1 5 0) : L ' 12p si
!t
.Winimummud density-- 9.8ppg + 2.83ppg : 12.63PPg = L2.7ppg
!t
I'
! M e t h o d( b v h a n d )
l" Calculation
rt flSP sea water : L 1 5 0x 0 . 0 5 2x 8 . 7 :520 pst
rt : ( 11 5 0 + 9 0) x 0 .05 2x 9 .8 = 6 3 2p s i
t l SPMud i nri " ser
-t
Reductionin BHP : 632 - 520 : L I Zp s i
-t
!t
It Thenuse Formula#3 to convert112 psito ppg
-t LT2
= 2.93ppg
rlt RtseM
r agin: -
(2000- 90 1150)x0.052
rll !''lintmummuddensity:9.8 + 2.83= L2.63= L2.7psi
!t
!t
!t
I'
!t
-t
!t
rt
rlt
I'
rt
CopvrishtReserved I OrillineWellControlManual PTTCOLtd.
-
!
 Well ControlManual
PAGE
ChapteraL SubseaWell Control
1;6of27

Erample -

Q. Sea Water Gradient= O445 ps -

FormationStrenght Gradient= 0.75ps -
Airgap60ft. CalculateMax MW?
MSL
HSP due to sea water = !.445 x 200 = 89 psi -
SeaBed
HSPdue to overburdenat Shoe = 0.75x 400 = 300 psi

Max pressureat shoe = 89 + 300= 389 psi

-
Max MW(ppg)x 0.052x 660(ft)= 389 psi -
-
Then Max MW = 389
0.052x 660

= 1 1 . 3p p g

-
?4

?4
*
14
¤
?4
*
?1
a
14
il
?1
il
' f ,
?4-
-- &
ht Reserved D r i l l i n eW e l lC o n t r oM
l anual PTTCOLtd. (- - d
 Well ControlManual
PIT PAGE
Chapter1t SubseaWellControl L7 ot27

VALVES
VALVEANDSELECTOR
MANIPUI-ATOR

Subseainstallation

*way/3-positionvalvestypicallyusedin Subseahydrauliccontrolsystems,consisting
of two commontypes;

type
1. Manipulator

2. Selectortype.

Whenfunctionis set in "Block"(neutral)position,manipulator

typehasopenand close
portsconnectedto drain,Selectorvalvehas all portsisolated.

'BLOCK'

S E TE CT'O P E N'

".-->
Frorn
'crosr
$PM
I
I
I
Both Lin*r Vsntsd

SUBSTAMANIPULATORVATVE

Reserved W e l lC o n t r o M
Drilling l anual PTTCOLtd.
 Well ControlManual
PAGE
Ghapterlt SubseaWellControl 7Aot27

SETECT'BLOCK

SELECT'CLOSE SEIICT'OPEH'

*
fronr
Gble

{-
Folh tilm
I 8t$l(rd
frsrr Fmnr
orn Glolo
tlde Side

I
$onr lr0ril to tlr Trrd(

SURFACESEI."ICTORVALVE

Rotary Shear Seal Type Valves

s.P.tu.'ACTIYATEDT

Pibrl\Eff¤
h:0mFiI

.+
Ptr¤rFhid
\t16
Pme r Reguleed
Flui{t ltr

hErr Fleid Ga

Shaffer f'Spur Valve

Reserved I OrillingWellControlManual PTTCOLtd.

 Well ControlManual
PIT PAGE
GhapterAL: SubseaWellControl
l9ot2iI

OOilTROLFODS

The bankof SPMvalvesis mounted(manifold)togetherin a modulecalledControlPod.There

are two pods,blueand yellowfor redundancy.
Besideshousinga coupleof SPMs,eachpod also
containstwo regulators,
onefor the AnnularBOP,the otherfor the remainingstackfunctions.
If
If
tr SPtI VALVES
b TheSPMvalveis the centerof everycontrolsystem. lt containsa spring{oadedpistonwith
b portsbesideto directpowerfluid or functionfluid to flow.Thisvalveis normallyclosedby spring
b force(relaxedposition)and sea hydrostaticpressure.lt is openedby Pilotfluid of 3,OOOpsi.
lYhenfunctionis in "block' position,both pilotlines("open"and "close")controllingthe
operatorfunctionvent, allowingthe respectiveSPMvalvesto close.Closingof the SPMvalves
L. ventall powerfluidfrom the BOPto the sea at an activecontrolpod.
If
b. SuFPla MountedValve
b (SPMValve)
b In the subseasystemhydraulic fluid is
Ir directedusingan SPMValve,these
If valveare usedin directingthe flow,one
b to openthe ramsthe otherto close
bt them bothhavea pressure and vent
bf side.
Lt
bt
br
Lf
bf
Lf
bt
b
Lt
bt
b. I Fhrid m
ft I Pilot d

It
b
b
h
!t Copyright
Reserved D r i l l i nW
e e l lC o n t r oMl a n u a l PTTCOLtd.

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 Well GontrolManual
PAGE
ChaptertJ: SubseaWellControl 20of27

PILOTFLUIDCIRCUIT

Whena functionbuttonon eitherthe mini or driller'spanelis pushedan electrical

signalis sentto the associated solenoidvalveon the CentralHydraulic Manifold. The
solenoidvalvemovesto allowhigh pressure air to passthrough it and actuateits
pilot
corresponding controlvalve.When the pilotcontrolvalve is actuated,hydraulic
fluid is allowedto flowfrom the pilotaccumulators (whereit is storedat 3,000psi)and
downthe appropriate pilotlinesin eachof the umbilicalhosebundles. Thepilotline
terminatesin the subseapodat the SPMvalve.Whenactivatedby the pilotpressure,
this valvelifts to allowpowerfluid (at its regulatedpressure)to flow to its associated
BOPfunction.

POWER
FLUIDCIRCUIT

Thepositionof the podselectorvalveon the GentralHydraulic

Manifolddetermines

powerfluidis directed.
to whichof the two subseacontrolpodsthe hydraulic

1' lD Po r fluid
3d16-lD Pilot fluid, ulation

CopyrightReserved DrillineWellControlManual PTTCOLtd.

 Well ControlManual
PAGE
Ghapter1t SubseaWellControl 2t ot27

STIUTILEVALVES

. lt is a 3-wayvalve

. lsolateactiveand inactivepods(redundantpod)

. Podto be retrieved
Allowmalfunctioning

BOPcontrol
withoutlosinghydraulic

Principleof the Redundancy

and two systernsof Fluid
or
PilotFluidactsas subsea-Driller
an activatedinstrumentfor Power
Fluid.

PilotFluidmaintains3,000psi,
goingto both Podsand return
backto the tank after activated
the SPMvalve.

PowerFluidflow downto Subsea

and regulateddownto 1,500psi
at a selectedControlPod.It will
be dumpedto Sea

CopvriehtReserved I DrillingWellControlManual PTTCOLtd.

 Well Contrcl ilanual
T PAGE
ChapterLL SubseaWellControl Z2ot27

11.3 SUBSEASTACK. CONTROL

OPERATION

PowerFluidol3,000 Fr$

FowerFluklol I,500 p$

FowerFlukl(tbntedl

PilotFluklof 3,ffF psi

PilotFluirX
tlbnled)

RlgAlrSumV

VentAir

lrrltrtttllltllll -, ElectrfcolConrpcllon

Reserved
Copyright I DrillingWellControlManual I PTTCO
Ltd.
5
ft
!'
F PtT Well ControlManuat
PAGE

!t Chapter1t SubseaWellControl
?'3ot27
rt
!t
ttot?u.D rcumf,l'D
!t 4*
T'
rt
rt rm
=:15J
rt *n

rt a

I' -ar rr5 tu<r vllYt

!t
rt
rt
1 ,
YTll.OW P(tO
rt ltt a Fcro

a,
at
4t
t,
1'
E
1t
1'
1
E
1'
!t
BLOCKFUNCTION:
rt Whenthe 'BLOCK'buttonis pressed,both the SolenoidValvesare actuatedin sucha
1 way as to applypressureto bothsidesof the air operator.Thiscausesthe PilotGontrol
4 Valveto be centeredwhich then allowsboth the pilot 'ep¤h' and 'close'lines to be
vented.The springsin both the SPMvalvesthen pushthe spindlesdownso that they
E sealagainstthe bottomseatsand blockthe flow of any powerfluidthroughthe valves.
E At the sametime this alsoventsbothsidesof the BOPram operatingcylinders.
I' Theblockfunctionis usedto venta pilotcontrolvalve.Bydoingthis individually on each
valvea leak in the controlsystemor the preventers can be locatedand isolated.By
1 centeringand ventingall the valveswhenthe accumulator unit is first beingpressurized
1 unintentional and inadvertent
operationof the variousotherpositions and functionscan
!t b e el i mi na t e d .
1
-t
-t
-'
CopvriehtReserved Drilline
W e l lC o n t r o M
l anual PTTCOLtd.
-t
t
 -
l a

-
Well ControlManual
PAGE -
Chapterl-t SubseaWell Control 24ot27
-
-
-
<oratt(t t a
xn cloaa r|q 4tta
tnrtl ru- FG'H' '|lD -
o acan^ihtlr L {

t
{
r-
t]HE = totr|so r-
I

vru:vt t
-

t'oo I|i.llc' V^lvr

#
-
c-
# I
-
I
-
e
F
-
-
F I
-
ta{Jtnt Y lvr
{
{
--
d
--- d

l--
- {
l-
T
-- a
-- l

FlowPathsto openramsfrom Driller'spanel. - |

Whenthe 'OPEN'buttonis pressed, Valveson the Hydraulic

Control
Manifoldare actuatedand allowair
the Solenoid
pressureto movethe operator
on the Pilot 'J
-
'OPEN' position.TheSolenoidValveventsthe 'CLOSE' side of the
ControlValveto the
Operating Piston. >E
Thepilotfluidcanthenflow downto the subseacontrolpodwhereit liftsthe ;1
spindlein the RAMSOPENSPMvalvethusblockingthe ventand allowingpower
-
fluidto flowthroughthe valve.Fromthe podthe powerfluidtravelsthroughthe
'OPEN'Shuttle Valveto the 'OPEN'sidesof the BOPram operatingcylinders. ;4
Simultaneous
from the
reciprocal
'CLOSE'
actionin the RAMSCLOSE SPMvalveallowsthe fluid
side of the operatingcylindersto be vented.This sequenceis the
1
-
paralleloppositeof the CLOSE function.
-

PTTCOLtd.
'1
-
CopvrightReserved D r i l l i n eW e l lC o n t r oM
l anual
7
t
5
h
t Well ControlManual
-
PTT PAGE

! Ghapterl-t SubseaWellControl
25ot27
!t
= ¤r.caa ater ('rFr
tE/OtilD

rt
ta[f,JtD

O
!t
It
! --
rorrro
IL
-t W

;natr Gaiartat v rvt

rt ^
!t F I rrFLuctvrllt

rt
rt
rt
E
rl
I
Ylrrclw Fclo ltlrE Fclo
!t
II
rt II
rt II{ACTTVE FE O

a
It
!t
rt
-t
I'
rlt
E
rt
rt
FlowPathsto closerams from Driller'spanel.
rt
rt Pushingthe 'CLOSE' buttonon this panelactuatesthe SolenoidValveson the
I' Hydraulic Manifoldthusallowingair pressure to movethe PilotControlValveto
the 'CLOSE' position. BOPramsis beingclosedusingthe drillersMasterControl
-t Panel.TheSolenoid Valveventsthe othersideof the air cylinder.
rt i n t he 'C L O S E' p o sitiop nilo
W it ht he Pi l o tC on t ro l V al ve , tflu ida t 30 0 0 p siis se n t
E downthe umbilicalto the RAMSCLOSE SPMvalvein the subseacontrolpods.
Thepressure liftsthe spindlein thisvalveso that it sealsagainstthe upperseat,
E thus blockingthe vent.
1 Powerfluid at its regulatedpressureis allowedpastthe bottomof the spindleand into
E the valveblockin the male and femalesectionsof the controlpod.Fromthe bottomof
rt the femalesection,the powerfluidthentravelsthroughthe ShuttleValveto the'CLOSE'
sideof the BOPram cylinder.
1 R AMSO PE NS P Mval veven t st he h ydr au liflu c idfr omth e ' OP E N' sidoef the B O Pr a m .
.t
rt
ieht Reserved Drilline
W e l lC o n t r o M
l anual PTTCOLtd.
-t
I
 Well GontrolManual
PAGE
C'hapterlt SubseaWellControl
26ot27
7
'J
7
-
LIGHTINDICATIONS BOPSTACK
ONSUBSEA

Indication onSubseaBOPstackaccording
Lightsshouldbe illuminated to API
RP16E3.6.4.4.

Function position :
is in itsNormalDrilling AllGreen

Function
is in an abnormalposition : Red
;;
Valveis in ventor blockposition:
3-position AmS*r'iYell*w)

MemoryFunctionindicatesthelastselectedposition: Red(or Green)with AmberON

(Memoryfunctionindicatesthe previouspositionof the stackfunctionbeforethe "block

position"was selected)

ht Reserved DrillineWellControlManual PTTCOLtd.

rL
r.-
I

-. -

II Well ControlManual
-t PtT PAGE

-t Chapter1t SubseaWellControl 27 ot27

-
-'
-' Note:KILLING GASlN THEBOPSTACK
RISERANDTRAPPED
rt
- Aftercirculatingout a gas kick,the nextstepsthat shouldbe taken beforeopeningthe
-t subseaBOPstackare:
-
rt L. Closea lowerram belowthe kill and chokeline.

E 2. Pumpseawateracrossthe BOPstackthroughkill andchokeline

rt (as seawateris pumpedaround,holdback-pressure on the chokeequalto the
1 hydrostaticpressuredifferenceat the BOPbetweenthe kill mud and seawaterto
1 stopbubbleexpansion intothe chokeline).
E
stoppumpsandclosethe Kill Line.Allowgas
3 . Oncecleanseawateris returning,
E As gas pushesout seawaterthe hydrostatic
is
to expandintothe chokeline.
-t loweredwhichallowsmoreexpansion. Thegaswill expandas muchas possible.
-1'
E 4. Onceflow stops,fill the marineriserto kill mudthroughboosterline.
-t
-1' 5. Closediverterelement.
E
6. At this time openthe annularBOPslowlyby reducing closing
the hydraulic
E pressure.Dueto the largedifferencebetweenhydrostaticpressurein the riser
rt
and the remainingpressure in the bubble,u-tubingof the remainingElasin the
- stackintothe chokeline shouldoccur.Fillthe riserfromsurfaceas the fluidlevel
ts drops.
-
-t kill mud acrossthe BOPthroughkill and chokeline.
7. Girculate
Tl;
8. Openthe lowerram and monitorfor flow.
-
-
-
-t
E
-
-
-
-
rt
E
E
bt CopvrightReserved W e l lC o n t r o M
Drilline l anual PTTCOLtd.

|.rr
 Appendixes
tt

!t BASICMATHEMATICS
rt
b ANDCATCUTATION

bt
!t
It
b,
bt
ht
bt
bt
bt
ht
bt
bt
bt
bt
a-
,
rq
rq
Well ControlManual
rq

rq BasicMathematics PAGE
t ot7
rqt

rq

- Addition,Subtractioil,Multiplication
and Division
-{ (nrrurn, au, qrrrlrflv14"trpTrra$
Trru.lrfirndarrfinrar)
-{
-
On Calculator (ttiun':ao
fiorrar)
r4

-
4
1 0+ 5 = 15 15
-
4
10-5 = 5 5
-
14

-
4
10x5 = 50 E I

50
<

-
10+5 = 2 E
4

-
Calculation
in Parentheses
and Brackets
r.t
raqJ'lurt r6ur5n uay'[ur.rrffu'trarU)
(nr : rirur rusTr
-
mustbe performedin
Calculation Parentheses firstthenin Brackets:-
4
'[ririrutnrn'rua-!u6adunrt'[ur'rtfrutfrnriau
ra5arr#rfi.oniturnr'lur.,:rffu'lvrni
-
4
2x(3+5)=16
E

Ei
On Calculator(lurn4aofi
ounrr)
-
-
14

- 4+[2x(3+s)]=?0
-
On Calculator(t{ira":o'rd
ornz)
14

-
4

-l

-
-t
-
ht Reserved

a
 Well GontrolManual
PAGE
BasicMathematics
2ot7

Calculationin Formulaor Equation Terms

{fl 5 u-radrunr:)
{nrrriru?rud?ra$6tu?ilttuu -
-
Example-1 -
-
DrillingMud Density(ppg) = Pressurefpsi) -

0.052x TVD{ft} -
-
= 5,000psi,TVD= 8,000ft.
Given:Pressure -
-
(ppg) =
DrillingMudDensity 5,000 = 12.0ppg -

0.052x 8,000 -
:-

On Calculator(lf,tn':a't6ortns) -

Lz
-

trooq
OFsmlH0F0ml,,11 -
-
-

Example-2 a-
A BxO.052xC
(D-c)
If: ts = L2.0
c = 0.0075
D = 0.0729

Thus, A = 12 x 0.052 x 0.0O75 = O.0715

(0,0729 - 0.0075) -
-
On Calculator(l{irn-:a,,:fi
ntnu) -

Step 1 l x l i x r 0.0047 -
a-
step
2w4oFn7q 0.0654

step3FE4Z0F-6E4 0 . 0 7L 6
-
Coowisht Reserved I Drillins Well ControlManual I PTTCOLtd.
-
 Well ControlManual
PfT O
BasicMathematics

Example-3

A - 1 s x( # 1)
Step1: L4+L2 1.167

Step2: L,r67- 1 0.167

Step3: 0 . 1 6 7x 1 5 2,50

Therefore, A = 2,50

1 I
4 t d u

vloulnlmnad
ThePrinciple
of Solving (ufr"nnr:ufiarunr:)
Equation
lf simple
additionandsubtraction4'Change
theequation
sign,whEn moving
side
+ / - riu
dr drunrtu'tn rtnr au rr+ druq[r{'h{ddurn"to',:t4u1u
lf multiplication
anddivision-+> Change
tooppositeoperation,
whenmoving side
dr drunr:nfil ttaru"ri -> drudr''l'lfinirurruhj'luvrr.rfit.griuqi"til
{ur :- drudrt rTJ
u4arui a 4ru-drueir',r
riJuu
r: }

Examples
A+B : c_D
Thus, A+B+D = c
0r A = C-D-B
A x B - C
Thus, A : C+B
0 r B : C+A
 WellGontrolManual
BasicMathematics PAGE
4ot7

SolvingEquation(mtnri dunrt rdararrildo{a''rn'li}

Examples

Example-l A+870 = 10,CI00

Thus,A = 10,000-870=9,130

Example-2 10X1,CI00 = Vx3,000 I

I
Thus,V = 10x1,000
3,000
= 3.33
(nrtud r{unrt rdaurrirdria{mr)
SolvingEquation
Example A

1:
Example I f , B = 2 5 0 , a n d C =1 0 . 5

Thus, A = 250+(0.0s2x10.5)
457.87

2:
Example I f , A = 5 0 0 , a n d C =1 0 . 5

Thus, B = 500x0.052x10.5
273

CopvriehtReserved I prilline Well ControlManual I PTTCOLtd.

rI PIT I,; Well ControlManual

- BasicMathematics
-
-
(nrrrrridunrr rfiavrrrirfiofa.,rnrr)
SolvingEquation
-
-
rr - 7498 = (0.12 x h) + [(12rO0O- h) x O"O52x 12.4]
E
- where;"h"is unknownandto be determined
- ("h"rilurirfio{arnr:HTTnilifirrrie:rnrt)
-
-
Step 1: 7498 = 0.12h + 17737.5- O.64hl
-
-
Step 2: 7498 = 0.12h + 7737.6- O.54h
-
- Step3: 7498 7737.6- 0.52h
-
- Step 4: 0.52h 7737.6-7498 = 239.6
E
-
- Step 5: h = 239.610.52 = 460.8
E
-
-
-
Rounding up& Rounding downDecimal
Number
El
a (r,td'nnr riJnrrfs qFtm
FffrulJ)
Hl
-
- afterpointis5 andabove
If number
E
- (fir tnulr #',r1ovrofiuufieir rvi'r6'u5 ut aurnnir )
E
-
E afterpointislessthan5
If number
E
-
(nrunru
drqflilaflflilfrFirliaun'ir5)
a
r!

- -
a
Ruleof Thumb
rl
- 0.233 = 0.23
El
-
- - 0.236 = 0.24
El

E
-
0.235 = 0.24
-
E
Remember..f
a
-
a
Donotround
offanynumbers
untilALL
ttrecalculation
arecornplete
F (odrila rouriaunrqrilu?n{ tT,iilolalr afiuur,rffrq r nrsiq #unrrrirur nrdul)
-
-
-
- -

-
?
 /
I

/
/
Well ControlManual
BasicMathematics PAGE 1
6of 7
v

tFl

Roundingup & Roundingdown DecirnalNumber !

-
nr dl ntrlu qnnrlfi,utJ)
(ra#n -

Examples 2224.56 Answer = 2225 -

-

2274.43 Answer = 227+ -

-

2224"46 15troundup = 222+.5 -

Answer = 2225 -
-
Examples The right way {i'odqno{a.l) -
A = 0.433x10,O00 -
: 4330 -
-

The wrong way (iBfifto) -

=: 0.433x 10.000 -
= 0.4 x 10,000 -
: 4,000 -
-
(
Multiple (nrtniru'lilfidudau)
Calculation -
-
l1

Example-1 x (0.01776
12,6x 0.052 + 0.00852)
-
0.07287'-(0.01776
+ 0.008s2) -
-
Step1: A L2.6x0,052x0.02628 -
- 0.02628
0.07287 11

Step2: A 0.01723 -

0.04659 -
l1

,-
Step3: 0.36982 -
-
0.3698 -
-
Drillins Well Control Manual PTTCOLtd.
-
/
,1
t
 WellGontrolManual
BaslcMathematics PAGE
7 otz

(nrtrirurarfifudau)
MultipleGalculation
Example-2
A = [100001 - {12.6x 0.05211
x [0.5995 - {0.00852
x [0.07287 + 0.0177611
12.6x 0.052 + 0.01776)
x {0.0085?

Sfrep
1: = 10000 - 0.655?l
x f0.6995 -0.026281
x [0.07287
12.6x0.052x0.02628

S[ep2: = 10000
x 0.0t143
x 0.04659
0.017?2

sp 3: = 20.63937
0.01722

A = 1198.56969

A = '!1gg

CopwiehtReserved I Orilline Well ControlManual I pfTCO Ltd.

 J
\
-
-
lnternationalWell Control Forum
-:
SurfaceBOP VerticalWell Kill Sheet(APl Field Units)
{
rl
-
RMAT ION S TREA/GTH DATA: CURRENTWELL DATA::
- "O
S* RFACELEAK-OFF PRESSUREFROM
-l = ] R " I A T I O NS T R E N G T H
TEST
rl ''-] .,VEIGHT
A TT E S T
CURRENTDRILLINGMUD:
E '.ir:XJ\'lUM ALLOWABLEMUD WEIGHT=
WEIGHT
{ (A)
3l + = llc)-----lpps
-r
SHOET.V.DEPTH
x 0.052

F
IHIflAL MAASP =
C i - C U R R E N TM U DW E I G H T )x S H O ET . V .D E P T Hx 0 . 0 5 2
rl CAS'NG SHOEDATA:
rl
=f-------lpsi
SIZE
-
M DEPTH
E = , ' , I P N O .1 D I S P L P U M PN O . 2 D I S P L . T.V DEPTH
E
- bbls / stroke
E
HOLEDATA:
- (PL) DYNAMICPRESSURELOSS [psi]
SIZE [------_-lin"n
El
M. DEPTH
E

E T.V DEPTH
SPM
El
SPM
E
=f=-RECORDED L E N G T HI C A P A C I T Y I VOLUME
rl
. ]LUME DATA: feet lbbls/footl barrels
El

] R LLPIPE X
E
=A\ry WALLDRILLPIPE X T
I ryry:I*9l=s
rl I SLOW PUMPRATE
:RILL COLLARS X
E

E
D R I L LS T R I N GV O L U M E (D) bbtsll(e) strokes Min
t

F ll x O P E NH O L E
E l f , ' H W D Px O P E NH O L E
El
O P E NH O L EV O L U M E (F) strokes Min
-
lP x CASING x =(G) + stroKes Min
E

T O T A LA N N U L U SV O L U M E Min
rt

TOTAL WELL SYSTEM VOLUME Min

rrl

E \ C T I V E S U R F A C EV O L U M E (J) strokes

E
, TOTALACTIVE FLUID SYSIEM I (l +J) strokes Dr No SV 04/01
(FieldUnits)
El
27-01-2000
El

rr

ts
)
 ,/

7
'
InternationalWell Gontrol Forum i DATE:
I
F
Surtace BOP Kill Sheet -\ertica\Ne\l [AP\ Fie\d Units) NAME: 'V
IF
ll./
P
KICKDATA:
SIDPP psi SICP psi
r
barrels r
(

K I L LM U DW E I G H T C U R R E N TM U DW E I G H T + t-
I
7
KMW
r
I N I T I A LC I R C U L A T I N G
PRESSURE
LOSS + SIDPP
D Y N A M I CP R E S S U R E r
,-
I

ICP

K I L LM U DW E I G H T
ps
r
I

F I N A LC I R C U L A T I N G x D Y N A M I CP R E S S U R EL O S S -
PRESSURE t?-
FCP
-
r
-
-
-
lpsil
-
-
-
-
o
CL
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(

-
-
-
-
(
(

-
(

STROKES-->
?4
?1
gtl" sv q/or tFiql
-
(
 International
WellGontrolForum DATE:

SubseaBOPVerticalWell Kill Sheet(APl FieldUnits) NAME:

FORMATIO
N STRENGTH DATA: CURRENTWELL DATA:
LEAK-OFFPRESSURE
SURFACE FROM
FORMATION
STRENGTHTEST SUBSEABOP DATA:
I,IUDWEIGHTAT TEST MARTNERTSER l----------l roo,
LENGTH
LIAXIMUMALLOWABLE MUDWEIGHT= cHoKELtNE
(A) f----__l r""t
(B)+ = | (c) lpps LENGTH
SHOET.V.DEPTHx 0.052

NIflAL MAASP=
( C )- C U R R E N M
T U DW E I G H T ) xS H O ET . V D
. E P T Hx 0 . 0 5 2 ) DRILLINGMUD:
WEIGHT [--lpps
=f--------_lpsi

P U M PN O .1 D I S P L . CAS'A/GSHOEDATA:
P U M PN O .2 D I S P L .
SIZE
bbls/ stroke
M.DEPTH
T.V.DEPTH
(PL)DYNAMICPRESSURE
LOSS [psi]

SLOWPUMP HOLE DATA:

.R.ATE
DATA. SIZE
M. DEPTH
SPM
b--
= J T.V.DEPTH
SPM
l--
. a
PRE.RECORDED LENGTH ICAPACITYI
l-: '/OLUMEDATA: feet lbbls/feetl
VOLUME
barrels
P U M PS T R O K E S
Strokes
UC
Minutes
t--
. -
I

t-.
. a
DR PIPE X
VOLUME
l-.
= - D R I L LP I P E X PUMP DISPLACEMENT
b\
- -
t--
. J
DRILLSTRINGVOLUME (E)
L-J strokes Min

D C x O P E NH O L E
b D P/ H W D Px O P E NH O L E
t-r
. a O P E NH O L EV O L U M E strokes Min
t-. J
D Px C A S I N G X stroKes Min
b CHOKELINE + strokes Min
t-r- X

{F+G+HI = all bbls

b (D+l) = (J) bbls
lE
J
ACTIVESURFACE
VOLUME (K) bbls
lh
- TOTALACTIVEFLUID SYSTEM (J+K) bbls
Dr No SSV 04/01
l--J (FieldUnits)
27-01-2000
M A R I N ER I S E Rx D P X strokes
 lnternationalWell Control Forum DATE:

SubseaBOP Kill Sheet- VerticalWell (APl Field Units) NAME:

KICKDATA:
SIDPP psi SICP psi PITGAIN barrels

SIDPP
KILLMUDWEIGHT I CUnnenrMUDWEtcHT +
TVDx 0.052
l-- l
T
KMW x 0.052 pps
?-
b l

INITIALCIRCULATING LOSS + SIDPP

DYNAMICPRESSURE
PRESSURE I
?-
psl I
rcP
K I L LM U D W E I G H T I
x DYNAMIC PRESSURE LOSS
C U R R E N TM U D W E I G H T -- t
x ..,...........=
... e+
t

( L )x 1 0 0 X 100 psi -
I
100strokes -
I
INITIALDYNAMIC CASING PRESSURE S I C P- C H O K E L I N E F R I C T I O N
? I
AT KILL PUMP RATE

e
-

STROKESPRESSURE
-
I
-
I
-
I
l-
I
lr-
I
ut ?-
tr I
f
U' l-
tt)
uJ I
&, ?-
- l
o-
ut
o- ?-'
o- I
J
?-
tr I
o -
I I
E ?+
z I
l-
o I
05
?+
I I
F
F
o
-- {
r*
- l
|-- l
l-- {
l-- l
l-- l
STROKES¤
: t--
DrNoSSV04/02(FieldUnits)27-01-2000 l
/-
7
d
 Rev No.5
QA-RDTA ISO:9001/2008 Julv 2009 API (Field Units) FormulaSheet Page 1 of4

Section 1. Filled-inKill SheetExercises- GauaeProblemActions.

from a completedkill sheet'filled-in'withall relevantvolumeand

GaugeProblemExercisesare constructed
pressurecalculations.

Eacfrquestionis basedon the strokes,pumprate,drillpipeandcasinggaugereadingsat a specificpointin time

duringa well kill operation.Any one or a combinationof thesereadingscouldindicatethe actionrequired.
Optionsare shownin the multiple.choice answers.

The casingand/ordrillpipepressureswill onlybe relevantto the actionif -

c fls casingand/ordrillpipepressuresgivenin the questionare belowthe expectedpressures,or

. The casingand/ordrillpipepressuresgivenin the questionare 70 psi or moreabovethe expected
pressures.

S*lion 2. Calculation Formula.

AbbreviationsUsed in this Document

bbl = Barrels(US)
bbl/ft = Barrels(US)per foot
bbl/min = Barrels(US)per minute
bbl/stroke = Barrels(US)per stroke
BHP = Bottom Hole Pressure
BOP = Blowout Preventer
ft = Feet
ftlhr = Feetperhour
ft/min = Feet per minute
lbrbbl = Pounds per barrel
LOT = Leak-offTest
MAASP = MaximumAllowableAnnular SurfacePressure
PPS = PoundsPergallon
psi = Poundspersquareinch
psi/ft = Pounds per square inch per foot
psi/hr = Poundspersquareinch per hour
SICP = Shut in CasingPressure
SIDPP = Shut in Drill PipePressure
SPM = Strokes per minute
TVD = True Vertical Depth "
0.052 = Gonstantfactor

1. HYDROSTATIC (psi)
PRESSURE
Mud Density(ppg) x 0.052x TVD (ft)

2- PRESSURE (psi/ft)
GRADIENT
Mud Density(ppg) x 0.052

3. DRILLINGMUDDENSITY(ppg)
Pressure(psi) + TVD (ft) + 0.052
or
Pressure(psi)
wD (ft) x0.052

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4. (ps:)
POREPRESSURE
FORMATION
HydrostaticPressurein Drill String (psi) + SIDPP(psi)

5. PUMPOUTPUT(bbltmin)
Pump Displacement(bbl/stroke) x Pump Rate(SPM)

6. ANNULARVELOCITY(ft/min)
PumpOutput@bl/min)
Annular Capacity (bbl/ft)

7. GIRCULATING
EQUIVALENT (ppg)
DENSITY

[Annular PressureLoss(psi) + TVD (ft) - 0.052] * Mud Density(ppg)

or
Annurarereslf:
--E6-1n1" (psl)
l::s * Mud Densiry (ppg)
o.osz

8. MUDDENSITYWITH (ppg)
TRIPMARGININGLUDED
[SafetyMargin (psi) -TVD (ft) : 0.052] * Mud Density(ppg)
or
SareryMarein(p:i)
*' Mud Densityr (ppg)
TVD (ft) x 0.052

9. (psi)WTH NEWPUMPRATEapproximate
NEWPUMPPRESSURE

(psi)x (ffi)'z
old PumpPressure

(psi)WITHNEWMUDDENSITYapproximate
10. NEWPUMPPRESSURE

oldPump (psi)x tffi

Pressure

11. MAXIMUM ALLOWABLEMUDDENSITY(ppg)

-i
[SurfaceLOTpressure(psi) Shoe D (ft) : 0.052] + LQTMud Density(ppg)
or
surraceLor ple_s:y:lpsi)
+ LoT Mud DensiV (pps)
ShoeTVD(ft )x 0.052

12. MAASP(psi)
[MaximumAllowable Mud Density(ppg) - Current Mud.Density(ppg)] x 0.052x ShoeTVD

13. SICP(psi)

{[Mud Density(ppg) - Influx Density(ppg)] x 0.052 x InfluxVertical Height (ft)] + SIDPP(psi)

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f
I
- API (Field Units) Formuta Sheet
!t
!f '!4. KlLI IUD DENSITY
(ppg)
!t lSlDPP(psi) + TVD (ft) + 0.0521* OriginalMud Density(ppg)
It f,l'
.tl
OriginalMud Density(ppg)
!t
? 15. llflTtAL CIRCULATINGPRESSURE(psi)
? Kill Rate Circulating Pressure (psi) + SIDPP(psi)
?
't6_ FIHALCIRCULATING
? PRESSURE(psi)

? ry
O r i g i n a lM u d D e n s i t y ( p p g )
x Kill Ratecirculatingpressure(psi)
?
I r 7 . BARYTEREOUTRED
TO TNCREASE
DR|LL|NG
MUDDENSITY
(tb/bbt)
? [KillMudDensity(ppe)- OriginalMudDensiry
lppg)]x rs00
35.8- Kill Mud Density(ppg)
?
? t E . GAS MIGRATIONRATE (fUhr)
? Rate of Increase in Surface Pressure (psi/hr) + Drilling Mud Density (ppg) - 0.052
? or
? Rateoflncreasein SurfacePressure(psi/hr)
t Drilling Mud Density(ppg) x 0.0S2
-
? .I9. GAS
LAWS
IT
-
II
PrxVr=PzxVz Pr=T vr=?
-
rr
-
20. PRESSUREDROP PER FOOT TRIPPINGDRY P|PE(psi/ft)
I
- DrillingMud Density(ppg) x 0.0S2x MetalDisplacement(bbl/ft)
t Riseror CasingCapacity(bbl/fQ - MetalDisplacement
3 (bbl/fD
I
-
I
21. PRESSUREDROP PER FOOT TRIPPINGWET P|PE(psi/ft)
-
DrillingMud Density(ppg) x 0.0s2 x closedEnd Displacenienf
&bl/fr)
t
- Riseror CasingCapacity(bbl/ft) - ClosedEnd Displacement(bbl/ft)
E
-
I 22. LEVEL DROPPULLINGREMA|N|NGCOLLARSOUT OF HOLE DRy (ft)
-
I Length of Collars (ft) x Metal Displacemenr(bbl/fr)
-
Riseror CasingCapacity(bbl/fr))
--
I- 23. LEVEL DROPPULL|NGREMA|NINGCOLLARSOUT OF HOLEWET (ft)
I Lengthof Collars (ft) x ClosedEnd Displacement(bbl,/ft)
-
I Riseror CasingCapacity(bbt/ft))
at
I
- 24. LENGTHOF TUBULARS TO PULL DRY BEFOREOVERBALANCEIS LOST (ft)
I
- Overbalance(psi) x [Riser or CasingCapacity[bbl/ft)
:.fvletal Displacement(bbl/ft)]
I Mud Gradient (psi/ft) x Metal Displacement(bbl/ft)
a,
I
-
I-
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t fnchbraoch House, South Quay Montrose, Angus DD10 9UA Scotland. Tel: +44 167467g120 Fax: +e 1674 67g1}s

t
:
 -
Rev No.S (
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Julv 2009
API (Field Units) Formula Sheet Page 4 of4
c
tS LOST(ft)
2s. LENGTHOF TUBULARSTO PULLWETBEFOREOVERBALANCE ¤

Overbalance (psi)x [Riser or Casing Capaci$ @bl/ft)- Closed End Displacement (bbl/ft)] ¤
Mud Gradient (psi/ft) x Closed End Displacement (bbl/ft) -
¤
(bbl)
26. VOLUMETO BLEEDOFFTO RESTOREBHPTO FORilAnONPRESSURE
¤
Increasein SurfacePressure(psi) x Influx Volume (bbl)
Formation Pressure(psi) - Increasein SurfacePressure(psi) (

-
27. SLUG VOLUME (bbt) FOR A G|VEN LENGTHOF DRY PIPE
-
Length of Dry Pipe (ft ) x Pipe Capacity(bbl/ft) x Drilling Mud Density (ppg)
SlugDensity (ppd - Drilling Mud Density (ppg)
-
(
28. prT GA|N DUE TO SLUG U-TUBING(bbl)
-
Density(ppg)
SlugDensity (ppg)
SlugVolume(bbl) x ( Drilling Mud Density(ppg) _ 1)
'I -
¤
29. RISERMARGIN(pps)
-
[Air Gap(ft) + Water Depth (ft)] x Mud Density(ppe) - [Water Depth (ft) x SeaWater Density(ppe)]
-
TVD (ft) - Air Gap(ft) - Water Depth (ft)
-
30. HYDROSTATIC LOSSlF CASINGFLOATFAILS(psi)
PRESSURE ¤
Mud Density (ppe) x 0.052 x Casing Capacity (bbl/ft) x Unfilled Casing Heieht (ft) ¤
Casing Capacity (bbl/ft) + Annular Capacity (bbl/ft)
-
¤
¤
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