ENGINEERING STANDARD
ES 2012 Rev C
PENETRANT ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
ENGINEERING STANDARD
PENETRANT ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
ES 2012
Prepared by: H. HOPKINSON Date: 12-21-90
Reviewed by: J. MOELLER Date: 12-27-90
Approved by: J. D. MOELLER Date: 12-27-90
John D. Moeller
Director of Engineering
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ENGINEERING STANDARD
ES 2012 Rev C
PENETRANT ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
REVISIONS
REV. DATE DESCRIPTION DATE APP. BY
- 12-27-90 Release JM 12-27-90
A 7-16-96 REVISED ENTIRE PROCEDURE AND JM 7-16-96
INCORPORATED ACCEPT/REJECT
CRITERIA FROM MIL-STD-1907.
SEE ECN 9169
B 11-18-97 REVISED PER ECN 10468 REF
C 11/30/07 See ECN 20698 JM
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ENGINEERING STANDARD
ES 2012 Rev C
PENETRANT ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
1.0 SCOPE
This procedure, when called out on the engineering drawing, routing or purchase
order, is intended for use by Tactair and/or its suppliers as acceptance criteria
when performing penetrant inspection per ASTM-E1417 on in-process, finished
components and assemblies.
2.0 PENETRANT SYSTEM:
The penetrant system used shall be TYPE I (Fluorescent dye) with high or ultra
high sensitivity levels unless otherwise specified on the component drawing or
purchase order.
3.0 WRITTEN PROCEDURE
3.1 Penetrant inspections shall be performed to a specific written procedure,
that implements the requirements of ASTM-E1417 for the components
under test.
4.0 INSPECTION OF PARTS:
4.1 The following Tables I, II and III list the maximum size and distribution of
discontinuities in castings, wrought products and weldments when ES
2012 is the specified acceptance criteria:
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ENGINEERING STANDARD
ES 2012 Rev C
PENETRANT ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
TABLE I CASTINGS: MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE DISCONTINUITY SIZES (IN INCHES)
AND DISTRIBUTION
TYPE DISCONTINUITY GRADE A GRADE B GRADE C GRADE D
Nonmetallic inclusion,
rounded: surface 0.031 Dia 0.047 Dia 0.063 Dia 0.125
D-3* D-3* D-3* D-2*
Gas hole porosity/discrete
Shrinkage cavities: surface 0.031 Dia** 0.047 Dia** 0.063 Dia** 0.125**,***
D-3* D-3* D-3* D-2*
Cracks, hot tears, or 0 0 0 0.25 Long***
Cold shuts
Shrinkage sponge areas
(May include small cavities, 0.250 0.375 0.625 1.25 Dia***
cavity stringers)
Micro shrinkage
(micro porosity)
Maximum cluster diameter: 0.063 0.188 0.313 0.375
D-3* D-3* D-3* D-3*
Alloy or metallic phase
Segregation
Surface: 0.125 0.375 1.5 1.5
Subsurface: 0.25 0.5 1.5 1.5
* Distribution designations signify the following:
D-2 Discontinuities no closer to each other than two times the
maximum size.
D-3 Discontinuities no closer to each other than three times the
maximum size.
** The limits for gas hole porosity for the individual grades do not apply if the voids
are less than one half the maximum sizes specified and are well dispersed.
*** Shrinkage discontinuities are not allowed if within 0.5 inch of an outer edge of a
casting section.
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ENGINEERING STANDARD
ES 2012 Rev C
PENETRANT ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
TABLE II WROUGHT PRODUCTS: MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE DISCONTINUITY SIZES
(IN INCHES) AND DISTRIBUTION (EXCLUDING
WELDMENTS)
TYPE DISCONTINUITY GRADE A GRADE B GRADE C
Inclusions, rounded: Surface: 0.031 Dia 0.047 Dia 0.063 Dia
DD-2* D-3* D-3*
Inclusions, stringers: Surface 0.125 Long 0.375 Long 0.75 Long
DD-1* DD-1* DD-1*
Seams or laps 0.5 Long 1 Long 1.5 Long
(Unmachined surfaces) DD-1* DD-1* DD-1*
Seams or laps 0 0 0.25 Long
(Machine surfaces) DD-1*
Propagating discontinuities
(Cracks, flakes, laminations, 0 0 0
etc.)
* Distribution designations signify the following:
D-3 Discontinuities no closer to each other than three times
the maximum size.
DD-1 Discontinuities no closer to each other than 0.5 inch
linearly and 0.25 inch in a parallel direction.
DD-2 No more than two indications
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ENGINEERING STANDARD
ES 2012 Rev C
PENETRANT ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
TABLE III WELDMENTS: MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE DISCONTINUITY SIZES
(IN INCHES) AND DISTRIBUTION
TYPE DISCONTINUITY GRADE A GRADE B GRADE C
Cracks, weld or base metal (longitudinal,
transverse, star or crater, underbead, 0 0 0
underside, etc.)
Weld undercutting or lack of bead-edge
fusion: 0.016 Deep 0.016 Deep 0.031 Deep
Base metal less than 0.188 inch thick 0.125 Long 0.250 Long 0.250 Long
D-5* D-5* D-5*
Base metal 0.188 inch thick and over 0.031 Deep 0.031 Deep 0.047 Deep
0.125 Long 0.250 Long 0.375 Long
D-5* D-5* D-5*
Weld metal voids or inclusions, rounded:
Base metal less than 0.188 inch thick: 0.016 Dia 0.031 Dia 0.063 Dia
D-5* D-5* D-5*
Base metal 0.188 inch thick and over:
0.031 Dia 0.063 Dia 0.125 Dia
D-5* D-5* D-5*
Weld metal voids or inclusions, elongated:
0.063 Long 0.125 Long 0.188 Long
Base metal less than 0.188 inch thick: D-5* D-5* D-5*
Base metal 0.188 inch thick and over: 0.125 Long 0.250 Long 0.375 Long
D-5* D-5* D-5*
* Distribution designations signify the following:
D-5 Discontinuities no closer to each other than five times the maximum
dimension.
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ENGINEERING STANDARD
ES 2012 Rev C
PENETRANT ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
5.0 ACCEPT/REJECT CRITERIA
5.1 Within the specified grade, discontinuities exceeding the limits in Tables I,
II and III shall be rejected.
5.2 Discontinuities in as-cast and as-forged surfaces that were previously
inspected may be held to the original acceptance criteria utilized at the
time of the previous inspection. In these cases the critieria to be used will
be identified on the drawing, router, technique sheet or purchase order.
For example: A finish machined part is inspected to Grade A but the
forging/casting it is machined from was inspected to Grade C at the
forging/casting level. As-forged and as-cast surfaces will be inspected but
will meet the Grade criteria originally specified at a minimum.
5.3 When penetrant inspection is specified without the acceptance criteria
being defined, the minimum grade shall be "C" from Tables I, II and III.
6.0 CLEANING AFTER PENETRANT INSPECTION
6.1 Penetrant and developer residues may interfere with subsequent
manufacturing and inspection operations on parts and may require
removal prior to any further processing. When required this will be detailed
on the router, technique sheet or purchase order. In some cases post-
cleaning may be performed at a subsequent operation (for example,
anodizing).
