ARCHITECTURAL
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
HERITAGE
DESIGN 4 LECTURE
Introduction COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
What is Architectural Heritage?
Architectural heritage encompasses the collective
structures, buildings, and urban spaces that hold
historical, cultural, and architectural significance
within a society or community. These heritage sites
often reflect the cultural values, beliefs, and
technological advancements of past civilizations.
They serve as tangible links to our history,
providing insights into the way people lived, built,
and interacted with their environment.
What are the main focus of Architectural Heritage? COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
1. Documentation and Research: archival research, historical documentation, and architectural surveys to
gather information about the site's history, construction techniques, and significance.
2. Conservation Planning: developing strategies and policies for the preservation, maintenance, and
sustainable use of heritage sites. Identifying conservation goals, establishing legal protections, and creating
management plans to ensure the long-term preservation of architectural heritage.
3. Restoration and Rehabilitation: To return a heritage site to its original state, using historical evidence and
traditional craftsmanship to repair and reconstruct deteriorated elements. Focuses on adapting heritage
buildings for contemporary use while retaining their historical character and significance.
4. Maintenance and Monitoring: To prevent deterioration and ensure the structural integrity of heritage
buildings. This includes routine inspections, repairs, and maintenance activities to address issues such as
water damage, structural instability, and environmental degradation. Monitoring systems may also be
implemented to track changes in the condition of heritage sites over time.
5. Community Engagement and Education: Engaging local communities and raising awareness about the value
of architectural heritage are crucial aspects of preservation efforts. Involves educational programs, outreach
initiatives, and community involvement in conservation projects to foster appreciation, stewardship, and
active participation in preserving heritage sites.
6. Sustainable Development: Integrating sustainable practices into heritage conservation efforts is essential to
minimize environmental impact and ensure the long-term viability of heritage sites. Promoting energy
efficiency, green building practices, and sustainable tourism to balance conservation goals with socio-
economic development needs.
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
Architectural heritage conservation, also known as historic
preservation or heritage conservation, is the practice of
protecting, conserving, and restoring buildings, structures,
and sites of historical, cultural, or architectural
significance.
What are we Conserving?
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
VISUAL ARTS
NATURAL RESOURCES
CRAFTS BUILT ENVIRONMENT LITERATURE
BELIEFS
PERFORMING ARTS TRADITIONS
W hy w e n ee d to ha v e a n
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
Arc hi t ec tu r al H er i t ag e
C ons e r va t i on ?
“ It embodies or reflects
the architectural, artistic,
historical, economic,
social, political and
spiritual character of the
people who produced it.”
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
In t ern at i ona l Arc hi t ec tu r al He r i ta g e Bu i ld i ng s
Taj Mahal, India
Built in the 17th century by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal, the Taj Mahal
is renowned for its exquisite white marble architecture, intricate craftsmanship, and symmetrical design.
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
International Architectural Heritage Buildings
The Colosseum, Italy
Located in Rome, the Colosseum is an ancient amphitheater built during the Roman Empire. Constructed in
the 1st century AD, it could hold up to 80,000 spectators and was used for gladiatorial contests, animal
hunts, and other public spectacles. COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE BUILDINGS
The Great Wall of China, China
Stretching over 13,000 miles, the Great Wall of China is one of the most impressive architectural feats in
history. Built over several centuries to protect against invasions from northern nomadic tribes
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
In t ern at i o na l Arc hi t ec tu r al He r i ta g e Bu i ld i ng s
Pyramids of Giza, Egypt
Dating back to around 2580–2560 BC, the Pyramids of Giza are among the most recognizable architectural
landmarks in the world. Built as tombs for pharaohs, including the Great Pyramid of Khufu
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
International Architectural Heritage Buildings
Eiffel Tower, France
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna
aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
International Architectural Heritage Buildings
Machu Piccu, Peru
Built by the Inca Empire in the 15th century, Machu Picchu is a well-preserved ancient city located high in the Andes
Mountains. It is renowned for its sophisticated stone masonry, terraced fields, and breathtaking mountain scenery,.
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
Philippine
Architectural
Heritage buildings
Philippine Architectural Heritage Buildings COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
Baroque Churches of the
Philippines
Santo Tomas de Villanueva Church in Iloilo Paoay Church in Ilocos Norte
San Agustin Church in Manila Miagao Church in Iloilo
Philippine Architectural Heritage Buildings COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
Bahay na Bato or “house of stone”
Calle Crisologo Vigan, Iloilo City Intramuros streetscape, Manila
Philippine Architectural Heritage Buildings COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
Fort Santiago Intramuros, Manila
Philippine Architectural Heritage Buildings COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
Malacañang Palace, Manila
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
WORLD HERITAGE MOVEMENT
REFERENCES:
UNESCO - THE UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION (UNESCO)[A] IS A SPECIALIZED AGENCY OF THE UNITED NATIONS (UN) WITH THE AIM OF PROMOTING WORLD PEACE AND SECURITY THROUGH INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN EDUCATION, ARTS,
SCIENCES AND CULTURE.
ICOMOS - ICOMOS.ORG – IS A PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATION THAT WORKS FOR THE CONSERVATION AND PROTECTION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE PLACES AROUND THE WORLD.
ICCROM - ICCROM IS AN INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION WORKING IN SERVICE TO ITS MEMBER STATES TO PROMOTE THE CONSERVATION OF ALL FORMS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN EVERY REGION OF THE WORLD.
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
HERITAGE CHARTERS
ATHENS CONFERENCE (1931) DECLARATION OF AMSTERDAM (1975)
INTERNATIONAL CODE OF PRACTICE FOR CONSERVATION THE IMPORTANCE OF INTEGRATING CONSERVATION OF THE
ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE INTO THE URBAN AND REGIONAL
VENICE CHARTER (1964) PLANNING PROCESS IS IDENTIFIED AS ONE OF THE MOST
INTERNATIONAL CHARTER FOR THE CONSERVATION OF IMPORTANT FACTORS.
MONUMENTS AND SITES
THE CHARTER ON CULTURAL TOURISM (1976)
RESOLUTION OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON THE INTRODUCTION CONSIDERS THE POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF
OF CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE INTO ANCIENT CULTURAL TOURISM ON HISTORIC MONUMENTS AND SITES.
GROUPS OF BUILDINGS (1972)
STRESSES THE NEED FOR APPROPRIATE USE OF MASS, SCALE, BURRA CHARTER (1981)
RHYTHM AND APPEARANCE, AND THE AVOIDANCE OF THE AUSTRALIAN ICOMOS CHARTER FOR THE CONSERVATION OF
IMITATION. PLACES OF CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE
ESOLUTION ON THE CONSERVATION OF SMALLER TOWNS
(1975).
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
HERITAGE CHARTERS
FLORENCE CHARTER ON HISTORIC GARDENS (1982) CHARTER FOR THE PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE
PROVIDES A DEFINITION OF THE TERM HISTORIC GARDEN AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL HERITAGE (1990)
THE ARCHITECTURAL COMPOSITIONS THAT CONSTITUTE THE
HISTORIC LANDSCAPE. NARA DOCUMENT ON AUTHENTICITY (1994)
IT ADDRESSES THE NEED FOR A BROADER UNDERSTANDING OF
THE APPLETON CHARTER (1983) CULTURAL DIVERSITY AND CULTURAL HERITAGE AS IT RELATES
THE PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT OF THE BUILT TO THE CONSERVATION.
ENVIRONMENT
HOI AN PROTOCOL (2009)
THE WASHINGTON CHARTER ON THE CONSERVATION OF BEST CONSERVATION PRACTICE IN ASIA: PROFESSIONAL
HISTORIC TOWNS AND AREAS (1987) GUIDELINES FOR ASSURING AND PRESERVING THE
PRINCIPLES FOR THE PLANNING AND PROTECTION OF AUTHENTICITY OF HERITAGE SITES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE
HISTORIC URBAN AREAS. CULTURES OF ASIA
Agencies of Cultural & Arts in the Philippines
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 4846 COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
Cultural Properties Preservation and Protection Act
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 105 January 24, 1973
Declaring National Shrines As Sacred (Hallowed) Places And Prohibiting Desecration
Thereof
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 260
Declaring National Cultural Treasures, National Shrines, Monuments and/or
Landmarks
REPUBLIC ACT 10066 of 2009
Philippine Cultural Heritage Ac
ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE CONSERVATION APPROACHES
RESTORATION
PROTECTION
bringing back to the original state -
shielding from elements that cause decay and
”Anastylosis”
deterioration
RECONSTRUCTION
PRESERVATION
total rebuilding of the original
keeping in the current state
REDEVELOPMENT
REHABILITATION
adding interventions that complement the
repairing damage, upgrading, and retrofitting
original
CONSOLIDATION
ADAPTIVE REUSE
Physical addition or application of adhesive or
assuming a new function while retaining original
supportive materials
character and form
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
Architectural Heritage Conservation Approaches
PROTECTION
shielding from elements that cause decay and deterioration
Daraga Church, Albay
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
Architectural Heritage Conservation Approaches
PRESERVATION
keeping in the current state
The Ruins, Talisay, Negros Occidental
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
Architectural Heritage Conservation Approaches
REHABILITATION
repairing damage, upgrading, and retrofitting
The Hesuit House 1730, Cebu
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
Architectural Heritage Conservation Approaches
CONSOLIDATION
Physical addition or application of adhesive
or supportive materials
Cultural Center of the Philippines, Manila
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
Architectural Heritage Conservation Approaches
CRESTORATION
bringing back to the original state - ”Anastylosis
Metropolitan Theatre, Manila
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
Architectural Heritage Conservation Approaches
RECONSTRUCTION
total rebuilding of the original
Ayuntamiento de Manila COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
Architectural Heritage Conservation Approaches
RECONSTRUCTION
total rebuilding of the original
Ayuntamiento de Manila COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
Architectural Heritage Conservation Approaches
REDEVELOPMENT
adding interventions that complement the original
National Museum of Natural History, Manila COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
Architectural Heritage Conservation Approaches
ADAPTIVE REUSE
assuming a new function while retaining original character and form
PNR Tutuban Station, Manila
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
RELOCATION?
Casa Byzantina, Binondo, Manila Casa Bulacan Casa Ladrillo
Casa Hagonoy Casa Binan Casa Qiapo
Las Casa Filipinas de Acuzar, Bataan COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
REPLICATION?
Venice, Italy Venice Grand Canal Mall, Taguig City
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
6 Stages of Conservation
1. Valuation - Initial decision is made to conserve the building/site/
resource because it is something significant
2. Data collection - historical background, documentation
3. Analysis - deterioration, causes, structural integrity
4. Design - proposed interventions, solutions
5. Physical conservation – intervention enactment
6. Building maintenance - preventive maintenance program
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
REFERENCES:
Casal, Gabriel S. T’boli Art in its Socio-Cultural Context. Makati, Metro Lambrecht, Francis M. “Ifugao Villages and Houses.” Publications of the
Manila: Ayala Museum, 1978. Catholic Anthropological Conference I. No. 3 (1929), 14-117.
Castañeda, Dominador. Art in the Philippines. Quezon City: University of Legarda, Benito F. “Angels in Clay: The Typical Cagayan Church Style.”
the Philippines, 1964. Filipinas Journal of Science and Culture, Vol. II. Makati: Filipinas
Foundation, 1981.
Coseteng, Alicia M.L. Spanish Churches in the Philippines. Manila:
Mercury Press, 1972. Scott, William Henry. On the Cordillera: A Look at Peoples and Cultures
of the Mountain Province. Manila: MCS Enterprises, 1966.
Dacanay Jr., Julian. Selected Writings I: Ethnic Houses and Philippine
Artistic Expression. Pasig, Metro Manila: One Man Show Studio, 1988. Vanoverbergh, Morice. “Isneg Buildings.” In Philippine Journal of Science,
Vol. LXXXII, No. 1, Manila, (1953).
Klassen, Winand. Architecture in the Philippines: Filipino Building in a
Cross-Cultural Context. Cebu City: University of San Carlos, 1986. Zialcita, Fernando N. and Martin I. Tinio Jr. Philippine Ancestral Houses
1810-1930. Quezon City: GCF Books, 1980
De Leon Jr., Felipe M. “The Architecture of the Philippines: A Survey.” In
Philippine Art and Literature, The Filipino Nation. Vol. III, Manila:
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
REFERENCES:
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
