Infancy Trust vs Mistrust Hope MD: Sensory Maladjustment
MG: Withdrawal
Toddlerhood Autonomy vs Shame Will MD: Impulsiveness
and Doubt MG: Compulsiveness
Early childhood Initiative vs Guilt Purpose MD: Ruthlessness
MG: Inhibition
Middle and Late Industry vs Inferiority Competence MD: Narrow Virtuosity
childhood MG: Inertia
Adolescence Identity vs Identity Fidelity MD: Fanaticism
confusion MG: Repudiation
Young adulthood Intimacy vs Isolation Love MD: Promiscuity
MG: Exclusion
Middle adulthood Generativity vs Care MD: Overextension
Stagnation MG: Rejectivity
Late adulthood Integrity vs Despair Wisdom MD: Presumption
MG: Disdain
Gregor Mendel Heredity of plants
John Locke Tabula Rasa Blank state
Jean Jacques Rousseau Noble savages Ppl can develop on their own
Noam Chomsky Every people
acquire language
in same way
Sigmund Freud Psychosexual Humans have inborn biologically drives like hunger, sex, aggression
theory
Erik Erikson Psychosocial Stages of development
Theory
Jean Piaget Cognitive ● Sensorimotor
development ● Pre operational
stages (4) ● Concrete operational
● Formal operational
Lawrence Kohlberg Theory of Moral Level 1: Preconventional Morality
development
Stage 1: Obedience and Punishment
Stage 2: Individualism and Exchange
Level 2: Conventional Morality
Stage 3: Good interpersonal relationship
Stage 4: Maintaining Social Order
Level 3: Post conventional morality
Stage 5: Social Contract and Individual rights
Stage 6: Universal Principles
Urie Bronfenbrenner Ecological model ● Microsystem
● Mesosystem
● Exosystem
● Macrosystem
● Chronosystem
Mary Ainsworth Strange situation ● Secure Attachment
● Avoidant Attachment
● Ambivalent Attachment
● Disorganized-disoriented Attachment
Ivan Pavlov Classical
conditioning
B.F. Skinner Operant Reinforcement and Punishment
conditioning
Albert Bandura Social Learning People observe models and put these chunks together into behavior patterns
Theory
David Kolb Experiential Learning by doing
Learning
Definition Duration
Anxiety Disorder
1. Separation Anxiety Disorder Has panic/anxiety attack when separated with attachment 4 weeks (children), 6
figure months (adult)
2. Selective mutism Can speak in some social situations and cant in other social 1 month
situations
3. Specific phobia Irrational fear of ONE specific object or situation that interferes 6 months or more
with an individual’s ability to function
4. Social Anxiety Disorder fear or anxiety about possible embarrassment or 6 months or more
scrutiny
5. Panic Disorder abrupt surge of intense fear or discomfort out of 1 month
nowhere, with no triggers
followed by persistent concerns about more attacks
6. Agoraphobia fear in two or more situations due to thoughts that escape 6 months or more
might be difficult or no one will help them in case
panic-like symptoms would manifest
7. Generalized Anxiety Disorder difficulty to control worry 6 months
excessive anxiety and worry occurring more days
than not for at least 6 months
Trauma-and-Stressor Related
Disorders
1. Reactive Attachment Disorder emotionally withdrawn behavior toward caregivers, shown by before age 5 years
rarely seeking or not responding to comfort when distressed. old
2. Disinhibited Social Engagement actively approaches and interacts with unfamiliar
Disorder adults
3. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder exposure to actual death, injury or sexual violence More than 1 month
(direct experience, witness, learning that the event
happened to a close family, repeated exposure)
4. Acute Stress Disorder exposure to trauma (direct experience, witness, 3 days to 1 month
learning that event occurred to close fam, repeated after trauma exposure
exposure)
5. Adjustment Disorder development of emotional or behavior symptoms in within 3
response to identifiable stressors months of the onset of
the stressors
If symptoms persist
beyond 6 months after
the
stressor or its
consequences have
ceased, the diagnosis
will no longer apply
6. Prolonged Grief Disorder distress from a deceased person or separated to a person 12 months adult
6 months children
OCD-Related Disorders
1. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Obsessions- thoughts
Compulsions- repetitive behavior
a disorder marked by uncontrollable and recurring thoughts
(obsessions), repetitive and excessive behaviors
(compulsions), or both
2. Body Dysmorphic Disorder Preoccupation with one or more perceived defects or flaws in
physical appearance that are not observable or appear slight
to others.
Muscle dysmorphia- they think that their body build is too
small
3. Hoarding difficulty discarding or parting with possessions
4. Trichotillomania Recurrent pulling out of one’s hair, resulting in hair loss.
5. Excoriation skin-picking
Somatic Symptom Disorders
1. Somatic Symptom Disorder diagnosed when a person has a significant focus on physical atleast 6 months
symptoms, such as pain, weakness or shortness of breath, to
a level that results in major distress and/or problems
functioning
2. Illness Anxiety Disorder No symptom present yet for a disease, only there’s anxiety 6 months
3. Conversion Disorder Motor or sensory function are affected because of 6 months
trauma/stress even they’re physically healthy
4. Psychological Factors Affecting Medical conditions are present.
Other Medical
Conditions
5. Factitious Disorder Faking their symptoms so it will show that they have or other
people (imposed on another) disease.
Dissociative Disorder
1. Depersonalization-Derealization there’s:
Disorder Depersonalization- they feel like they are not themselves
Derealization- cut off in the world
2. Dissociative Amnesia Forget important information
Dissociative fugue- memory loss revolves around specific
incident, wandering/travel
Types of amnesia:
1. Localized- can't remember traumatic event in a period
of time
2. Generalized- can't remember any in the past
3. Systematized- forget a category of information abt
traumatic event
4. Continuous- forget each new event
3. Dissociative Identity Disorder disruption of identity characterized by two or more
distinct personality states
Depressive Disorders
1. Disruptive Mood Dysregulation recurrent temper outburst 3x or more per week,
Disorder 12 or more months
2. Major Depressive Disorder at least 2 weeks of either anhedonia or depressed mood 2 weeks
No manic or hypomanic episode
3. Persistent Depressive Disorder depressed mood for at least 2 years 2 years
No manic or hypomanic episode
4. Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder distress or impairment in menstruating women
majority of menstrual cycles, at least 5 symptoms must be
present
Bipolar Disorders
1. Bipolar I At Least 1 manic episode (lasting at least 1 week), hypomanic
and MDE episodes are common here but not required for bip1
diagnosis.
2. Bipolar II At least 1 MDE (2 weeks) and hypomanic episode (4 days),
no manic episode
3. Cyclothymic Disorder Criteria for a major depressive, manic, or hypomanic episode Hypomanic symptoms
have never been met. and Major depressive
symptoms periods for
2 years, the individual
has not been without
the symptoms for
more than 2 months
at a time.
Eating Disorder
1. Pica eating of non-nutritive, nonfood substance 1 month
2. Rumination Disorder repeated regurgitation of food 1 month
re-chewed, re-swallowed, or spit-out
3. Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake lack of interest in eating food
Disorder
4. Anorexia Nervosa fear of gaining weight
very underweight
5. Bulimia Nervosa recurrent episodes of binge-eating then purging to prevent Binge-eating
weight gain episode-once a week
normal weight for 3 months
6. Binge-Eating Disorder recurrent episodes of just binge eating
usually overweight
no dietary restriction
Elimination Disorders
1. Enuresis Urinating in bed, age 5 years old twice a week for at
least 3 consecutive
months
2. Encopresis Pooping in bed, age 4 years old occurs each month
for at least 3 months.
Sleeping Disorders
1. Insomnia Disorder dissatisfaction with sleep quantity or quality 3x per week for 3
months
2. Hypersomnolence Disorder excessive sleepiness despite having at least 7 hours of main 3x per week for 3
sleep months
3. Narcolepsy recurrent episodes of irrepressible need to sleep 3x per week for 3
months
4. Obstructive Sleep Apnea at least 4 obstructive apneas or hypopneas per hour of sleep
Hypopnea
5. Central Sleep Apnea 5 or more central apneas per hour of sleep
6. Sleep-Related Hypoventilation episodes of decreased respiration associated with elevated
CO2 levels
7. Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake persistent or recurrent pattern of sleep disruption due to
Disorders alteration of the circadian system
8. Non-REM Sleep Arousal Disorders incomplete awakening from sleep: sleepwalking or sleep
terrors
9. Nightmare Disorder repeated occurrences of extended, extremely dysphoric, and
well-remembered dreams
10. REM Sleep Behavior Disorder repeated episodes of arousal during sleep, inaact out mo yung
dreams mo
11. Restless Legs Disorder urge to move your legs 3x per week for 3
months
Sexual Dysfunctions
1. Delayed Ejaculation delay or absence of ejaculation 6 months
2. Erectile Disorder difficulty having, maintaining erection 6 months
3. Female Orgasmic Disorder delay or absence of orgasm 6 months
4. Female Sexual Interest/Arousal absent/reduced interest in sexual activity 6 months
Disorder
5. Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration vaginal pain during sexual intercourse 6 months
Disorder
6. Male Hypoactive Sexual Disorder persistently deficient or absent sexual/erotic thoughts or 6 months
fantasies and desire for sexual activity
7. Premature (Early) Ejaculation ejaculation approx. 1 min following vaginal penetration 6 months
Paraphilic Disorder
1. Voyeuristic Disorder intense arousal from observing an unsuspecting naked 6 months
person
2. Exhibitionistic Disorder intense arousal from exposing genitals to an unsuspecting 6 months
person
3. Frotteuristic Disorder intense arousal from touching or rubbing genitals against 6 months
nonconsenting person
4. Sexual Masochism intense sexual arousal from the act of being humiliated, 6 months
beaten, bound, or otherwise made to suffer
5. Sexual Sadism intense sexual arousal from inflicting physical suffering to 6 months
another person
6. Pedophilic Disorder intense sexually arousing fantasies, urges to children 6 months
7. Fetishistic Disorder intense sexual arousal from either the use of nonliving 6 months
objects or highly specific focus on nongenital body parts
8. Transvestic Disorder intense arousal from cross-dressing 6 months
Gender Dysphoria incongruence between one’s experienced/expressed gender 6 months
and assigned gender,
Substance-Related and Addictive
Disorder
1. Alcohol produced when certain yeast react with sugar and water, then
fermentation takes place
2. Caffeine most common psychoactive substance
3. Cannabis (Marijuana) reactions include mood swings or even dream-like
experiences
4. Hallucinogens most common, “LSD” produced synthetically in the laboratory
5. Inhalant solvents, aerosol sprays, gases, nitrites, usually found at
home or workplace
6. Opioid natural chemicals in the opium poppy that have narcotic
effect (relieves pain and induce sleep)
7. Sedative-, Hypnotic-, or Anxiolytic calming, sleep-inducing, and anxiety-reducing
8. Stimulant most commonly consumed psychoactive drugs in US
9. Tobacco contains nicotine
10. Gambling Disorder persistent and recurring gambling behavior 12 months
Disruptive, Impulse-Control disorders,
and Conduct Disorder
1. Oppositional Defiant Disorder defiant, hostile, and disobedient behavior, usually directed at 6 months
authority figures, no physical harm
2. Intermittent Explosive Disorder explosive outbursts of anger, often to the point of rage, that 2x/week, for 3 months
are disproportionate to the situation at hand, little things
made them soafer angry, there can be harm/damages
3. Conduct Disorder repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic
rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms or
rules are violated, planned to obtain something
4. Pyromania purposeful fire setting
5. Kleptomania failure to resist impulses to steal objects
Personality Disorders (Cluster A)
1. Paranoid excessively mistrustful and suspicious of others, without
justification
2. Schizoid detachment from social relationships and limited range of
emotions, emotionally distant, independent
3. Schizotypal socially isolated and behave in ways that would seem unusual
to many of us, and they tend to be suspicious and to have odd
beliefs, odd or eccentric thinking and behavior
Personality Disorders (Cluster B)
1. Histrionic tend to be overly dramatic and almost to be acting (OA at
pabida)
2. Borderline moods and relationships are unstable, and usually they have
poor self-image
3. Narcissistic they consider themselves different from others and deserve
special treatment, sila pinaka magaling at best compare sa
ibang tao
4. Antisocial characterized as having history of failing to comply with social
norms, when CD is not treated it will evolve into this, 18
yrs old or older
Personality Disorders (Cluster C)
1. Avoidant extremely sensitive of the opinion of others and although they
desire social relationship, their anxiety leads them to avoid
2. Dependent rely on others to make ordinary decisions
3. Obsessive-Compulsive Perfectionist, not aware
personality disorder
Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other
Psychotic Disorders
1. Delusional Disorder one or more delusions at least 1 month
2. Brief Psychotic Disorder presence of one of the ff: delusions, hallucinations, at least 1 day but less
disorganized speech, catatonic behavior than 1 month
3. Schizophreniform Disorder two or more of the following, present during a 1-month period: at least 1 month BUT
delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, catatonic less than 6 months
behavior, negative symptoms
4. Schizophrenia two or more of the following, present during 1-month period: at least 6 months or
delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, catatonic more
behavior, negative symptoms
5. Schizoaffective Disorder major mood ep + delusions or hallucinations 2 or more weeks
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
1. Intellectual Developmental includes both intellectual and adaptive functioning deficits
Disorder
2. Language Disorder difficulties in acquisition and use of language modalities due to
DEFICITS in comprehension and production
3. Speech Sound Disorder difficulty in speech sound production, bulol
4. Childhood-Onset Fluency disturbances in normal fluency and time patterning of speech
Disorder (stuttering)
5. Social (Pragmatic) difficulties in the social use of verbal and nonverbal
Communication Disorder communication
deficits in using communication for social purposes in a
manner that is appropriate for the social context (ilugar mo
pagiging squammy mo-Fowler, 2k24)
6. Autism Spectrum Disorder deficient Communication, Restrictive/Repetitive
Actions/Behaviors, Impaired Social Interaction
7. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity impulsivity 6 months
Disorder
8. Specific Learning Disorder difficulties learning and using academic skills, di magaling
ang academic performance
DYSLEXIA- reading
DYSGRAPHIA- writing
DYSCALCULIA- math, numbers
9. Developmental Coordination acquisition and execution of coordinated motor skills are
Disorder below expected given the chronological age, clumsy
10.Stereotypic Movement Disorder repetitive, seemingly driven, and apparently purposeless
motor behavior
11.Tic Disorders Tourette’s: both motor and one or more vocal tics More than 1yr
Neurocognitive Disorders
1. Delirium characterized by impaired consciousness and
cognition during the course of several hours or days
2. Major Neurocognitive Disorder gradual deterioration of brain functioning that affects memory,
judgement, language, and other advanced cognitive process
3. Mild Neurocognitive Disorder early stages of cognitive declines
4. Alzheimer’s most common type of neurocognitive disorder, usually
occurring after the age 65, marked most prominently by
memory impairment
Dementia- collection of symptoms
Alzheimer- disease in the brain
Alzheimer is under dementia
5. Vascular Injury when the blood vessels in the brain are blocked or damaged
and no longer carry oxygen and other nutrients to certain
areas of brain tissues, damage results
6. Frontotemporal Degeneration categorize a variety of brain disorders that damage the frontal
or temporal regions of the brain
7. Traumatic Brain Injury symptoms must persist for at least a week following the
trauma, including executive dysfunction and problems with
learning and memory
8. Lewy Body Disease involves the buildup of clumps of protein deposits called Lewy
Bodies,
9. Parkinson’s Disease slowly progressive neurological disorder marked by tremors,
rigidity, and unsteadiness
10. HIV Infection HIV infection seems to be responsible for the neurological
impairment
11. Huntington’s inherited progressive disease in which memory problems,
along with personality changes and mood difficulties, worsen
over time
12. Prion Disease caused by prions (proteins that can reproduce and cause
damage to brain cells leading to neurocognitive decline
OTHERS:
1. IDD- behavioral therapy
2. Communication disorder- Speech and language therapy
3. Autism Spectrum disorder- Applied Behavior Analysis
4. Motor disorder- physical therapy
5. Specific learning disorder- Speech and language therapy
6. MDD- Antidepressant and psychotherapy
7. PDD- Antidepressant and psychotherapy
8. Premenstrual- SSRI
9. Specific phobia- systematic desensitization
10. PTSD- cognitive processing therapy
11. Dissociative amnesia- psychotherapy
12. DID- Trauma informed psychotherapy
13. Conversion disorder- psychoanalysis
14. Pica- mild aversive therapy
15. Rumination disorder- behavioral therapy
16. Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea- continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy
17. Central sleep apnea- continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy
18. Circadian rhythm sleep wake disorder- bright light therapy
19. Sleep related hypoventilation- positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy
20. REM sleep behavior disorder- melatonin
21. Delayed ejaculation- Sex therapy
22. Female orgasmic disorder- Sex therapy
23. Premature (early) ejaculation- Behavioral techniques
24. Genito pelvic pain/penetration disorder- psychosexual therapy
25. Gender dysphoria- hormone therapy
26. Oppositional defiant disorder- parent management training
