GLOBALIZATION single world SOLIDITY

- the increasing interaction society. -​ refers to barriers

of people, states, or Anthony Giddens that prevent or
countries through the -​ Globalization as make difficult the
growth of the international the intensification movement of
flow of money, ideas and of worldwide social things.
culture. relations which link Furthermore, solids
- the interconnectedness distant localities in can either be
of people and business such a way that natural or
across the worlds that local happenings man-made.
eventually lead to global, are shaped by Example: Great
cultural, political, and events occurring wall of China and
economic integration. many miles away nine-dash line
- the ability to move and and vice versa. LIQUIDITY
communicate easily with Roland Robertson -​ refers to the
others all over the world in -​ Globalization as increasing ease of
order to conduct business the compression of movement of
internationally. the world and the people, things,
- the free movement of intensification of information, and
goods, services, and the consciousness places in the
people across the world in of the world as a contemporary
a seamless and integrated whole. world.
manner. Thomas Larsson FLOWS
- the liberalization of -​ saw globalization -​ are the movement
countries of their impact as “the process of of people, things,
protocols and welcome world shrinkage, of places, and
foreign investment into distance getting information brought
sectors that are mainstays shorter, things by the “porosity” of
of its economy. moving closer. It global limitations.
- refers to countries acting can pertain to the
like magnets attracting increasing ease CHARACTERSTICS
global capital by opening with which • There is social mobility of
up their economies to somebody on one movement of people
multinational corporations. side of the world regardless of
can interact, to reason.
SCHOLARS DEFINITION mutual benefit with • There is an intensification
somebody on the of interactions.
Martin Albrow and other side of the • It is an active process.
Elizabeth King world.” • Borderless interaction.
-​ Globalization as • Spread of ideas,
process by which METAPHORS OF knowledge, technology,
the people of the GLOBALIZATION culture, religion, etc.
world are
incorporated into
HISTORICAL 2017 comparative
FOUNDATION OF THE -​ Globalization was advantageous.
TERM often used in the DEMERITS
“GLOBALIZATION” Academe. 1.​ Exploitation of
2018 underdeveloped
1897 -​ Globalization was countries
-​ Charles Taze now used in all 2.​ Widening of
Russel coined the disciplines. Rich-poor Gap
term "Corporate 3.​ Harmful effects on
Giants", referring to INDICATORS OF small industries
a large national GLOBALIZATION and small business
trust and other ●​ Interdependence of
large enterprises of countries in GLOBALIZATION
the time. different social THEORIES
1930 aspects
-​ the word ●​ Advancement of HOMOGENEITY
"Globalize" as a science, - refers to the increasing
noun appeared in a technology etc. sameness in the world as
publication entitled ●​ Environment issues cultural inputs, economic
"Towards new across borders factors, and political
education" where it ●​ Economic orientations
denoted a holistic globalization, of societies expand to
view of human cultural create common practices,
experience in globalization, and same economies, and
education. political similar forms of
Late 1970's globalization. government.
-​ Globalization was
coined. MERITS AND DEMERITS CULTURAL
Early 1981 OF GLOBALIZATION IMPERIALISM
-​ Globalization was - this means a
used as an MERITS given culture
economic sense. 1.​ An open economy influences
Late 1980's spurs fast other cultures.
-​ Globalization was innovation with MEDIA
popularized by fresh ideas from IMPERIALISM
Theodore Levitt abroad - undermines the
Late 2000's 2.​ Exports jobs often existence of
-​ the IMF identified pay more than alternative global
four basic aspects other jobs media originating
of globalization. 3.​ Productivity grows from developing
2013 more quickly when countries, such as
-​ the globalization countries produce the AI Jazeera and
was used to define goods and services the Bollywood, as
“orderless society." in which they are of well as the
 influence of the - approach emphasizes not relegated to the
local and regional the integration of local and countries where they
media. global culture (Cvetkovich began. Religions have, in
and Kellner, 1997). fact, spread and scattered
HETEROGENEITY Globalization is considered on a global scale.
- pertains to the creation of to be a creative process Globalization provided
various cultural practices, which gives rise to hybrid religions a fertile milieu to
new economies, and entities that are not spread and thrive.
political groups because of reducible to either the
the interaction of elements global or the local. GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHY
from different societies in Demographic transition is
the world. CULTURAL a singular historical period
CONVERGENCE during which mortality and
Heterogeneity in culture - approach stresses fertility rates decline from
is associated with homogeneity introduced by high to low levels in a
cultural hybridization. globalization. Cultures are particular country or
deemed to be radically region. The broad outlines
GLOCALIZATION altered by strong flows, of the transition are similar
- by Roland Robertson in while cultural imperialism in countries around the
1992. As global forces happens when one culture world, but the pace and
interact with local factors imposes itself on and timing of the transition
are being produced. tends to destroy at least have varied considerably.
parts of another culture.
DYNAMICS OF LOCAL One important critique of GLOBAL MIGRATION
AND GLOBAL CULTURE cultural imperialism is John - The nuances of the
- Global flows of culture Tomlinson’s idea of movements of people
tend to move more easily “deterritorialization” of around the world can be
around the globe than ever culture. seen through the
before, especially through DETERRITORIALI categories of migrants-
non-material digital forms. ZATION "vagabonds" and "tourists”
-​ means that it is
CULTURAL much more difficult VAGABONDS
DIFFERENTIALIZE to tie culture to a - are on the move
- emphasizes the fact that specific geographic "because they
cultures are essentially point of origin. have to be”
different and are only TOURISTS
superficially affected by GLOBALIZATION OF - are on the move
global flows. The RELIGION because they want
interaction of cultures is - Globalization has played to be and because
deemed to contain the a tremendous role in they can afford it.
potential for "catastrophic providing a context for the
collision.” current revival and the
CULTURAL resurgence of religion.
HYBRIDIZATION Today, most religions are THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
- The United Nations (UN) two types trade: was hastened by the
tried to address the Industrial Revolution.
different problems in the TRADE BLOC - This is the period in
world. -​ type of human history that made
- a person is officially living governmental possible the cycle of
in poverty if he makes less agreement, often efficiency.
than 100,534 pesos per part of a regional -​ Efficiency means
year, around 275 pesos a intergovernmental finding the quickest
day. This is called the organization, where possible way of
poverty line or poverty barriers to trade producing large
threshold. are reduced or amounts of a
eliminated among particular product.
ECONOMIC the participating
GLOBALIZATION AND states. cause of environmental
GLOBAL TRADE FREE TRADE degradation:
- Economic globalization -​ a trade policy that ●​ Land Disturbance
refers to the increasing does not restrict ●​ Pollution
interdependence imports or exports. ●​ Overpopulation
of world economies. ●​ Landfills
SUSTAINABLE ●​ Deforestation
two types of economies: DEVELOPMENT ●​ Natural Causes
- development that meets
PROTECTIONISM the needs of the present FOOD SECURITY
-​ a policy of without compromising the - The demand for food will
systematic ability of future generations be 60% greater than it is
government to meet their own needs today, and the challenge of
intervention in food security requires the
foreign trade with SUSTAINABILITY world to feed 9 billion
the objective of -​ something is at people by 2050
encouraging state wherein very - Global food security
domestic little of no means delivering sufficient
production. movement can be food to the entire world
TRADE detected. population.
LIBERALISATION STABILITY - India is the second
-​ lessening of -​ ability to adapt to biggest producer of fruits
government unexpected and vegetables in the
regulations and changes. world.
restrictions in an - A major environmental
economy in problem is the destruction
exchange for of natural habitats.
greater ENVIRONMENTAL four (4) pillars of food
participation by DEGRADATION security
private entities. - Development, especially
economic development, FOOD AVAILABILITY
 -​addresses the to an increase in other SECOND WORLD
“supply side” of economic activities. -​ Russia, Ukraine,
food security and is Georgia,
determined by the GLOBAL INCOME Uzbekistan,Turkme
level of food INEQUALITY nistan, Moldova,
production, stock - Globalization and Belarus, Estonia
levels and net inequality are closely THIRD WORLD
trade. related. -​ AALA countries
FOOD ACCESSIBILITY (Asia, Africa, Latin
-​ An adequate two main types of American)
supply of food at economic inequality:
the national or Western capitalist
international level WEALTH INEQUALITY countries were labeled as
does not in itself -​ means that wealth the "First World." The
guarantee inequality speaks Soviet Union and its allies
household level about distribution of were termed the "Second
food security assets. World." Everyone else was
FOOD STABILITY -​ Wealth refers to grouped into "Third World.”
-​ Utilization is the net worth of a
commonly country. In other THE GLOBAL CITY
understood as the words, wealth is - The rural-urban
way the body the abundance of differentiation has a
makes the most of resources in a significant relationship to
various nutrients in specific country. globalization. Globalization
the food. INCOME INEQUALITY has deeply altered
FOOD UTILIZATION -​ new earnings are North-South relations in
-​ food through being distributed; it agriculture.
adequate diet, values the flow of
clean water, goods and MODERNIZATION
sanitation, and services, not a THEORY
health care to stock of assets - This theory frames global
reach a state of stratification as a function
nutritional THIRD WORLD AND of technological and
well-being where GLOBAL SOUTH cultural differences
all physiological between nations.
needs are met. FIRST WORLD
-​ United States, Walt Rostow’s Four
ECONOMIC Canada, Japan, Stages of Modernization:
GLOBALIZATION South Korea,
POVERTY, AND Western European, TRADITIONAL STAGE
INEQUALITY Australia, New -​ societies that are
- The multiplier effect Zealand, South structured around
means an increase in one Africa, Ireland, small, local
economic activity can lead Finland communities with
 production typically
being done in
family settings.
TAKE-OFF STAGE
-​ people begin to use
their individual
talents to produce
things beyond the
necessities.
TECHNOLOGICAL
MATURITY
-​ Technological
growth of the
earlier periods
begins to bear fruit
in the form of
population growth,
reductions in
absolute poverty
levels, and more
diverse job
opportunities.
HIGH MASS
CONSUMPTION
-​ It is when a country
is big enough that
production
becomes more
about wants and
needs.