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单词 - introduction to cells

Chapter 1 of IB Biology covers cell theory, including the composition of cells and challenges to the theory. It discusses the functions of life, the efficiency of small cells, mechanisms for maintaining surface area to volume ratios, and the concept of emergent properties. Additionally, it explains stem cell types and their potential applications, such as in treating Stargardt's macular dystrophy.

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17 views2 pages

单词 - introduction to cells

Chapter 1 of IB Biology covers cell theory, including the composition of cells and challenges to the theory. It discusses the functions of life, the efficiency of small cells, mechanisms for maintaining surface area to volume ratios, and the concept of emergent properties. Additionally, it explains stem cell types and their potential applications, such as in treating Stargardt's macular dystrophy.

Uploaded by

kwpznj2mms
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IB Biology: Chapter 1

https://quizlet.com/_2jyi5h
(¿f`

1. cell theory - all living things are composed of cells


- the cell is the smallest unit of life
- cells only arise from pre-existing cells

2. challenges to the - *striated muscle* challenges the idea that a cell has one
cell theory nucleus
- *giant algae* challenges the idea that cells must be
simple in structure & small in size
- *aseptate fungal hyphae* challenges the idea that a cell
is a single unit

3. functions of life - metabolism


- response
- homeostasis
- growth
- reproduction
- excretion
- nutrition

4. explain why - larger surface area to volume ratio can act more effi-
small cells are ciently
more efficient - diffusion pathways are shorter (takes less time & energy)
than big cells - concentration gradients are easier to generate

5. what mecha- - cells compartmentalize


nisms other than - organs fold up
cell division do
cells use to main-
tain viable, effi-
cient SA:Vol ra-
tios?

6. emergent prop- are the interactions of different parts of something in order


erties to carry out functions

7. advantages of - makes it possible to complete functions that individual


cells differentiat- cells can't do alone
ing - functions are performed faster

1 / 20
IB Biology: Chapter 1
https://quizlet.com/_2jyi5h
(¿f`
- the cell uses less energy because they only have to do
one specific job

8. describe how Newly form cells get signals that tell them to deactivate
new formed cells (or activate) certain genes. Active genes are packages in
become special- an expanded form while inactive genes are condensed.
ized

9. how many dif- 220


ferent distinct
highly special-
ized cell types
have been rec-
ognized by hu-
mans?

10. stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can continuously divide &
replicate, & have the ability to differientate into specialized
cell types

11. totipotent can differentiate into any type of cell


(ex: first divisions of embryonic stem cells)

12. pluripotent can differentiate into many types of cells


(ex: embryonic stem cells)

13. multipotent can differentiate into a few closely-related types of cell


(ex: adult stem cells, cord blood stem cell)

14. unipotent can generate but only differentiate into their associated
cell type
(ex: skin cell)

15. Stargardt's mac- *problem*: causes progressive & eventually total loss of
ular dystrophy central vision
*treatment*: embryonic stem cells are treated to become
retinal cells, & retinal cells are injected into the retina
*benefit*: stem cells are currently the only viable treat-
ment for this condition

2 / 20

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