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INTRODUCTION
The skin is the body's largest organ, made of water, protein,
fats and minerals. Your skin protects your body from germs
and regulates body temperature. Never in the skin help you
feel sensitisations like hot and cold.
ANATOMY OF SKIN
The skin is the body's largest and primary protective organ,
covering its entire external surface and surface and serving as
a first order physical barrier against the environment. Its
function include temperature regulation and protection
against ultraviolet light, trauma, pathogens, micro-organisms
and toxins. A constantly changing, dynamic organ, there are
three main skin layers The epidermis,

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Cosmetics:
Cosmetic is defined under section 3 of the Drugs and
Cosmetics Act, 1940 as, "any article intended to be rubbed,
poured, sprinkled or sprayed on, or introduced into, or
otherwise applied to, the human body or any part thereof for
cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering
the appearance, and includes any article intended for use as
a component of cosmetic".

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Soaps:
Soap is a chemical compound resulting from the reaction of
an alkali (commonly sodium or potassium hydroxide) with a
fatty acid. Soaps are the metallic salts of long chain fatty
acids. When mixed with water during bathing, cleansing, or
washing, they help people and clothes get clean by lowering
the chance of dirt and oil to get to the skin or fabric. Soaps
are made from animal fats or vegetable oils. There are two
basic steps in making soap. They are called Saponification
and Salting-out of soap. Some people like to make their own
soap.
Herbal soaps:

Herbal soaps are natural soaps made from plant-based

ingredients. They are often made with ingredients such as
essential oils, vitamins, minerals and other natural
compounds. They also provide a skin-nourishing boost, as
they are made with natural ingredients that are beneficial for
the skin. Herbal soaps don't include any man-made additives
and chemicals such synthetic fragrances, flavours, fluoride,
etc. Herbs as from beauty of nature have been used to treat
a wide range of skin problems, from the very moderate to
the really serious. The use of various herbal medicines for the
treatment of skin infections has been investigated by many

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traditional medical systems, including the Ayurvedic, Siddha,
and Unani systems of medicine. The use of natural remedies
is more common in developing world. The ever-increasing
interest in herbal treatments has led to a growth in the
market's desire for a greater quantity of herbal items, which
in turn has led to increased
manufacturing of herbal goods.
Soap can be defined as the facial care product that is used to
remove dead skin cells, oil, dirt and other type of pollutants
from the skin of the face. This prevents skin condition such as
acne.
Description Of Herbal Soap:
Most of the commercial soaps contain chemicals that can be
harmful to the skin.
Herbal soap can be a good alternative.
Herbal soaps are made using natural herbs and ingredients
are healthier and beneficial for the skin.
It is less lightly to cause any damaging effect.
Some of the natural soap manufacturers also use aroma
therapy and herbal treatments to offer the best skin
treatment solution for your skin.
These soaps also contain glycerin as a soap base. Glycerin
helps in retaining the moisture in the skin thereby making
these soaps for dry skin conditions.

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Herbal soaps are organic products made from herbs which
removes dirt and sweat leaving your skin feeling clean and
refreshed.

Benefits of Herbal Soap:

Nourishing:
Using a soap can be used for nourishing your skin as it often
contains natural ingredients that help to cleanse the face.
Look for ingredients like aloe vera, honey, which can provide
hydration and nourishment to your skin.
Therapeutic:
Herbal soap can offer therapeutic benefits due to their
natural ingredients, which can soothe, cleanse and nourish
the skin. Look for options with ingredients like aloe vera,
neem or turmeric, known for their anti-inflammatory and
antibacterial properties. These can help with acne, irritation,
and overall skin health.
Aromatic:
Herbal soap have an aroma which makes them extra special.
It has a selection of exclusive elements and fragrance.
Soaps consists of Germ-fighting properties.
Soaps are useful in moisturizing the skin.
Soaps consists of pleasant aroma.

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They also have exfoliating benefits.
They have high medicinal value.
They are highly compatible.
They have minimal adverse effects.

Disadvantages of Herbal soaps:

Soaps produce over drying.
Wastefulness.
They have shorter shelf life.
Limited availability.
They produce variability.
Higher cost.
Limited lather.
Objectives of Herbal Soaps:
Herbal soaps had been used traditionally for treating several
epidermal dysfunctions, such as eczema, psoriasis, and acne
and helps to boost immune response in tissue of affected
skin area.
Good degree of quality.
Should remove dirt from the body.
Should give pleasant odour.

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Should cleanse the skin, removing dirt, oil, and impurities
without stripping away the skin's natural oils
It posses the necessary medicinal characteristics provide
sooth the skin and tackle wide range of skin disorders.
It is cost effective process compare to market products.

Relief from skin diseases:

Using herbal soap can provide relief from certain skin
diseases, as they often contain natural ingredients known for
their soothing and healing properties. Look for soap products
containing ingredients like neem, aloe vera, turmeric as this
can help calm inflammation fight bacteria and promote
health skin.
Save the environment:
Regular beauty bars leave the skin dry. They also harm the
environment. Herbal face wash contains natural ingredients,
So they do not harm the environment.
DRUG PROFILE
ROSE PETALS:
SCIENTIFIC NAME
: Rosa rubiginosa
IUPAC NAME
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: Rose oxide
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:
Flavonoids, Triterpenoids, Tannins, Phenolic acids,
polysaccharides
COLOUR:
ODOUR
: Floral and tea aromas to spicy, fruity, and musky scent

TASTE
Crunch and mild, sweet
STORAGE
In cool and out of direct sunlight like cellar or garage
SOLUBILITY
soluble in oil or alcohol
PH
6.5 to 7
DENSITY
179.6 g/m

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Chemical Composition:
The chemical composition of rose petals including a variety of
compounds such as a phenolics, essential oils, organic acids,
sugars, pigments, and various other minor constituents.
This complex-mixtures contributes to the fragrance, colour,
and medicinal properties of roses.
Marketed products:
Rose products are used as rose water, rose essential oil, rose
petal jam, rose scented cosmetic, rose scented candles, rose
flavoured confectionery.
EXCIPIENT PROFILE
ORANGE PEEL:
SCIENTIFIC NAME: Citrus Sinensis
IUPAC NAME
Sodium 4-[(2E)-2-(2-oxonaphthalen-1-ylidene)hydrazinyl]
benzenesulfonate
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS
COLOUR
: Limonene. Decanal, Octanal, P-Cymene, Terpinene
Halfway between orange and amber on the colour wheel
ODOUR
Strong citrus aroma
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TASTE
Bitter Sweet
STORAGE
: Stored in a dark, Cool (60 degrees For 15 degrees C) place
SOLUBILITY
Solubility index values ranges from 24-171%
PH
3.8
DENSITY
: 0.45g/ml

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SCIENTIFIC NAME
: Cinnamomum verum
Cinnamomum Zeylanicum
IUPAC NAME
(E)-cinnamaldehyde (71.50%), Linalool (7.00%),
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:
Beeta-Caryophyllene (6.40%), Eucalyptol (5.40%) and Eugenol
(4.60%)
COLOUR
: Tan brown
ODOUR
: Warm aroma
TASTE
: Sweet spicy
STORAGE
: Airtight container to protect it from moisture, light
SOLUBILITY

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Solubility index of cinnamon essential oil ranges from
91.393%-97.467%
PH 8 to 10

DENSITY
: 446 kg/m³

SCIENTIFIC NAME
: Sapindus mukorossi
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS
: Alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, carbohydrates, terpenoids
and saponins
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COLOUR
: Brown
ODOUR
: Characteristics
TASTE
: Bitter and highly astringent
STORAGE
: In an airtight container or bottle away from direct
sunlight
SOLUBILITY
The concentration of 0.1-10% is soluble in water
PH
5.5

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IUPAC NAME
Curcuma longa
SCIENTIFIC NAME
: Curcuma longa
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:
Curcumin, curcuminoid, germacrone, Desmethoxycurcumin
COLOUR
Orange-brown, Yellow or reddish-yellow
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ODOUR
: Earthy, mustard-like aroma
TASTE
Earthy essence with a touch of sweetness, accompanied by
notes of ginger and papper
STORAGE
: Should be stored in airtight container, and moisture away
from sunlight
SOLUBILITY
: 11ng/ml
PH
5.90

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SCIENTIFIC NAME
: Sodium hydroxide
IUPAC NAME
Sodium hydroxide, Sodium oxidanide:
MOLECULAR FORMULA
NaOH
MOLECULAR MASS
: 39.997g/mol
COLOUR
White:
ODOUR
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: No smell
TASTE
Bitter
STORAGE
Should be stored in the original container and locked.
up
SOLUBILITY
: Soluble in Water, ethanol, methanol
PH
10
DENSITY
2.13g/cm³

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COCONUT OIL:
SCIENTIFIC NAME
Cocos Nucifera
IUPAC NAME
Cocos Nucifera
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS
: Fatty acids, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic
acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid. and linoleic acid
COLOUR
Almost transperant
ODOUR
: Naturally pleasant coconutty or neutral scent
TASTE
Refined coconut oil has a neutral taste and scent with a
higher smoke point. Unrefined coconut oil has a strong taste
and scent with a lower smoke point.
STORAGE
Store in a dark dry place to slow down the process or
Refrigerate
SOLUBILITY

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Soluble in alcohol, chloroform, ether, and carbon disulfide,
but insoluble in water
PH
7 to 8
DENSITY
: 75ml

OLEIC ACID:
IUPAC NAME
(Z)-octadec-9-enoic acid
MOLECULAR FORMULA

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C18H3402
MOLECULAR MASS
282.46g/mol
SCIENTIFIC NAME
Oleic acid
COLOUR
: Colourless some commercial samples may be
yellowish
ODOUR
: Odourless
TASTE
Similar to sour
STORAGE
Store in a dry, cool and well-ventilated place
SOLUBILITY
Soluble in ethanol, ether, acetone, chloroform
PH
9.1 to 9.5
DENSITY
: 895 kg/m³
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GLYCERINE:
SCIENTIFIC NAME
Trihydric alcohol
IUPAC NAME
Propane 1,2,3-triol
MOLECULAR FORMULA C3H8O3
MOLECULAR MASS
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: 92.09382 g/mol
COLOUR
Colourless, transparent
ODOUR
: Odourless
TASTE
Sweet syrupy liquid
STORAGE
Stored below 100°F in a closed container
SOLUBILITY
Soluble in water
PH
4.5 to 5.0
DENSITY
:1.26 gm/cm³

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AIM AND OBJECTIVE
AIM:
The aim of the present study is to formulate and evaluate
herbal soap by using Rose Petals as a main active constituent.
OBJECTIVE:
The main objective of the soup is to protect the skin against
various skin disorders including rashes.
It protects the even skin toning and smoothness of the skin.
The main objective in this work has attempt to make and
evaluate herbal soap.

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Due to the natural ingredients in herbal soap. Such as
essential oils.
It Posses the necessary medicinal characteristics provide
sooth skin and tackle wide range of skin disorders.
It is cost effective process compared to market products,
The purpose of herbal soaps is to reduce chemical related
side effects to the skin produced by other regular soaps.
Should give pleasant odour
Should cleanse the skin skin,removing dirt pollutants ,oil and
Impurities without stripping away the skins natural oils
It posses the necessary medicinal characteristics
provide sooth the skin and tackle Wide range of skin
disorders
They actsas clearancde and can also help to improve
skin conditions like acne eczema and even sunburn

PLAN OF WORK:
Plan Of Work:
The main objective of this project is to formulate and
evaluate herbal soaps by using Rosa Rubiginosa as the main
active constituent.
Selection of herbal extract.

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Selection of glycerin soap base.
Literature survey of herbal soap.
Physiochemical properties.
Evaluation of soap.
Results and discussion.
Conclusion.

MATERIALS:

INGREDIENTS FUNCTIONS
Sodium hydroxide Lye
Coconut oil Anti-ageing, Sooth skin

Distilled water Aqueous vehicle

Soap base Cake formation

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 Rose Petal Extract Anti-Microbial and also
Possess anti- oxidants
Compounds
Turmeric extract Vitamin-A and C. Anti-
inflammatory.
Anti-diabetic effects
Cinnamomum Zeylanicum Skin whitening agent,
improves skin tone

Citrus Sinensis Vitamin C

Oleic acid Moisturizing agent

METHODS:
PREPARATION AND EXTRACTION OF ROSA RUBIGINOSA
POWDER EXTRACT:
Collect the rose petals from the available sources.
Wash the petals with distilled water.
Drain the water from the petals.
Petals are dried under the sunlight until the petals are turn
into brown colour.
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Petal are dried then make it into coarse powder.
By the process of maceration we extracted the crude drug
from the rose petals.
The solvent used in the process of maceration is ethanol.
The ratio of drug and ethanol is 1:10.
The dried rose petals powder drug is mixed with required
amount of ethanol in a Salco iodine flask.
Allow it for 7days by shaking the salco iodine flask twice a
day.
After completion of 7 days filter the crude drug by using filter
paper.

PREPARATION OF SAPINDUS MUKOROSSI POWDER

[soap berries]:
 Firstly collect the soap berries in the local market.
 The soap berries are dried under the sunlight until they
dried completely.
 Now the dried soap berries are grinded into fine
powder.
 which finely pass through the sieve no:14.

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  Collect the fine powder into a suitable container.

Preparation of Sapindus Mukorossi powder

Soapberries Soapberries powder

PREPARATION OF CINNAMON BARK POWDER:

 Buy the required quantity of cinnamon bark.
 Make it into a fine powder and pass through the sieve
no:14
 Sufficient amount of powder is weighed and added to
the distilled water and boil it for 15 mins at 40° C.
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  After completion of boiling process filter it by using filter
paper.
 Collect the bark extract.

PREPARATION OF CURCUMA LONGA

POWDER
 Firstly buy the required quantity of dried turmeric sticks.
 make it into a fine powder and pass the powder through
sieve no: 1.

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 Preparation of Curcuma longa powder

Turmeric roots Turmeric powder

PREPARATION OF CITRUS SINENSIS PEEL POWDER

 Collect the orange peel from fresh orange fruits.
 Dry the peels under the sunlight and make it into a fine
powder and allow it to pass through the sieve no:14

Preparation of citrus sinensis peel powder

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 Fresh orange peel

Dry Orange Pil

Orange Pil Powder

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 PREPARATION OF SOAP BASE:

 Weigh required amount of Sodium hydroxide pellets in a

beaker.
 Add sufficient amount of distilled water to the pellets,
stir it properly by using a glass rod.
 Take sufficient amount of coconut oil in a beaker, put
the beaker with coconut oil in a water bath while stirring
at 45°C.
 After reaching 45°C now add the Sodium hydroxide
solution to it while stirring.
 Take the beaker out from the water bath while stirring
and allow it to cool for some time.
 When the soap base is cooled cover it with a foil and
store it in a refrigerator.

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 PROCEDURE:
 Take sufficient quantity of soap base in a beaker and put
it in a water bath at 40°C.
 Add all the ingredients according to the formula in to
the soap base while stirring.
 Boil the mixture in a water bath at 40°C.
 A soap mixture is prepared.
 The prepare soap mixture is now filled in to the moulds.
 Gently tap the soap moulds to avoid the air spaces.
 Keep the soap moulds in refrigerator for 15-20 minutes.
 Then we can get our herbal soap.

S.NO. INGREDIENTS F1
1. SOAP BASE 50ML

2. ROSE PETAL EXTRACT 8ML

3. CITRUS SINESIS PEEL 2GMS

POWDER
4. C.ZEYLANICUM BARK 1ML
EXTRACT
5. SAMPINDUS 0.5GMS
MUKOROSISSI POWDER
6. TURMERIC POWDER 1GM

7. CASTILE SOAP 1ML

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 S.No. INGREDIENTS F2

1. Soap base 45ml

2. Rose petal extrect 11ml

3. Citrus Sinesispeel powder 2gms

4. C. Zeylanicum bark extract 1ml

5. Sapindus mukorosissi 1gm

powder

6. Glycerine 4ml

QUALITY CONTROL TESTS FOR HERBAL SOAPS:

In order to verify the efficacy and quality of the final
formulations, the following physicochemical characteristics

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were tested such as colour, aroma, pH, clarity, dirt,
dispersion, foam retention, skin irritation and saponification
value, etc. The herbal formulation was tested using the
standard approaches.

1.Colour- When visualizing the herbal soap, a white

background was used so that the colour could be determined
so that the clarity of formulation F-1 and F-2 could be seen.
2.odour/Aroma- An evaluation of the odour of
formulations F-1 and F-2 we used two different method. The
first method included heating the sample on a hot plate. The
second method involves inhaling a direct sample by five to six
different people, including both males and females.
3.Shape-Evaluation of organoleptic properties, such as
shape and clarity, was caried out by sensory and visual
examination.
4.pH- In order to determine the pH or hydrogen ion
concentration, we must prepared 1% of the sample. we used
a pH4 and pH7 buffer solution to calibrate the pH metre.
Take pH readings at room temperatures, just as the
reference solution. Record and note the pH level of the
solution that was used to calibrate the metre and the
electrode.
5.Dirt dispersion- first, we prepare a 1% sample solution that
was taken in a measuring cylinder was then shaken 10 times
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while being covered by a hand the ink is present concentrate
in the foam is considered to be of low quality, investigate
that. The remaining dirt particles are then found in water
section.

6. wetting time- we take a piece of cotton fabric, cut in to a

dise shape with a diameter of one inch, and then measure
the sample's weight so that we may determined how long it
took the sample to get wet. The next step is to prepare a
sample that has been diluted(a 1% solution), as well as a
piece of cotton cloth to lay on top of the sample. That dise
made of fabric was allowed to float freely on top of the 1%
sample solution. The amount of time it took for the fabric
dise to go from floating to sinking was carefully recorded and
referred to as the wetting time. A higher wetting efficiency is
associated with shorter time to sink.
7. Foam forming ability- The cylinder shake method was
utilised to determine the foaming ability. First, in a 100 ml
measuring cylinder, we put 50 ml of a 1% sample solution
and shaken vigorously 10 times. After shaking for one
minute, we measure the height of the foam that had formed
and recorded the total volume of foam.
8. Foam stability- The cylinder shake method was utilised
to determined the foaming ability. First, in a 100 ml
measuring cylinder, we put 50 ml 1% of sample solution. The
cylindrical container was covered up with use of hand and
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shaken vigorously 10 times. The volume of foam after 10
times was calculated.
9. Moisture content- About 10gram of the material were
heated in a hot air oven at 100 to 105 degree Celsius for an
hour. After that deducted the true weight of the tarred China
dish from the total weight of the sample and dish. The weight
of the material was recorded, and the method for calculating
the percentage of the moisture content that can be found in
it is shown below formula.
Moisture content (difference in weight/initial weight )100
10. Skin irritation test- for the determination irritancy test,
use the soap sample on clean skin to observe for signs of
irritation, such as redness, burning, or itching and 24 hrs the
situation was monitored.

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 RESULTS AND DISSICUTIONS

EVALUATION TESTS TABLE FOR HERBAL SOAP:

TEST F1 F2
Colour Brown Greenish red

Odour/Aroma Characteristic Characteristic

Shape Rectangular Rectangular

Ph 8.08 8.93

Dirt dispersion good Best

Wetting Time 03:49 sec 36 sec

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Foam Foming Ability 10cm 9cm

Foam stability 2cm 3.5cm

Moisture Content 7.8% 4.8%

Skin Irritation Test No Irritation Is No Irritation Is seen

seen

Based on the above two formulations F1 is the better

formulation.
DISCUSSION
In last few decades there has been tremendous boost in the
use of cosmetics by women.
Hazards caused by the chemicals has come in to live light
very recently.
Rose petal soap is used for protecting skin from aging and
used as skin protectant to prevent oxidative damage from
hydrolysis of phospholipids.
The present work on "FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF
HERBAL SOAPS" to formulate by using herbal ingredients.
This study was undertaken with an aim to develop herbal
soaps from the natural ingredients like Rosa rubiginosa.
Following conclusions was drawn from the experimental
results.
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Out of two formulations prepared, consistency was uniform
in two formulations.
Different formulations were prepared in order to optimize
the draw back which was seen in the previous formulation.
Evaluation tests were performed to all formulations from
both consistency and quality control tests,
The prepared soap formulation was evaluated and it was
found that herbal natural soap was best among the two soap
formulations.
Hence from best investigation it was concluded that this
formulated herbal soap is having vary little or no side effects
and thus showing maximum local effects on skin.
CONCLUSION
A herbal soap has been produced successfully from rose
petals extract in this study. the results imply that rose petal
soap produced is suitable for human skin.
Present research provides guidelines on the use of the herbal
ingredients in the preparation of soaps. Rose petal extract is
free from chemicals, artificial colourants, artificial fragrance,
alternative therapy for consumers who have skin problems.
These soaps which were prepared by using natural
ingredients of rosa rubiginosa were formulated and
evaluated for their organoleptic properties and other
properties.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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1. Pangestika W, Abrian S, Adauwiyah R. Pembuatan Sabun
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9. Hasibuan CE, Ayu DF, Zalfiatri Y. Aktivitas Antioksidan dan
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(Calophyllum inophyllum L.). J Teknol dan Seni Kesehat.
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Soap, IJSRR, 2022; 11(2): 42 72
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moringa-for
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16. Pathak, et al. A Review on Medicinal Uses of
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Antibacterial Poly Herbal Soap, International Journal of
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23. Haneefa, et al. Formulation and evaluation of medicated
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LITERATURE REVIEW
Telange - Patil P.V et ai, 2022 ''Bacterial skin infection
are most common among people, requiring significant
attention for treatment and also to maintain healthy
skin some herbal plant extract have anti bacterial
activity."

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 2.Bothe Saurav et al 2022 " Ayurvedic cosmetics are also
known as herbal cosmetics the natural content in the
herbs does not have any side effect on the human body
most herbal supplement are based on several botanical
ingredients with long histories of traditional are folk
medicine usage. Among the numerous botanical
ingredients available in the market today.
3.Patel Anu et al, 2022 "Herbal soap was prepared by
using coconut oil, castor oil, neem oil ,lavender oil, rose
oil and NaOH and different extracts were included basic
saponification reaction."
4.Hilaria, et al. (2022) Formulated and evaluated herbal
sops which are designed to enhance the onset of action.
The formulation was found to be a best one to give
accurate result
5.Sherya Talreja, et al. Formulated and evaluated herbal
soap which formulation on the anti-oxidant property of
herbal and its evaluation soap containing cake forming
soap base, anti-inflammatory property of Moringa
oleifera. In quality evaluation of formulation (on
different parameters like PH, foaming property,
spreadability ) soap was found to be stable during
stability study.
6.Neha Pandey and Dt. Sarita Iraj :- Many roses are
cultivated for their beautiful flowers, which ranges in
colour from white through various tones of yeling low
and print to dark crimson and maroon, and most have a

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 delightful tragance, which varies according to the variety
and to climate conditions.
7.Cendrowski, scibisz, kieliszek, kolniak -onset and mitet
2017 :- Characterized by varied active compounds like
anthocyanins geonidin. Rose petals extract are prefect
for the skin since it has astringent and antioxidant.
8.C Indirani, K Meenambika, D Indumathy " soaps are
used widely by in human aspects. Exclusively, the
emergence of the SARS-Cov-2 virus made peoples wash
there hands frequently to disinfect the virus to prevent
virus infection.
9. Yusra Safdar and Taqdees Malik "anti microbial agents
are defined as those substance which posess inhibitory
effects against gram -positive and gram-negative
bacteria, preventing their growth. Rose family belongs
to the Rosaceae.
10.Anjum Attaullah, Aruna Govindharajulu, Mubeena KF
" inflammation in acne is caused by Staphylococcus
aureus. in the present study, aqueous extract of herbs
like turmeric, rose petals, soap nuts were used to
formulate a herbal soap to combat acne
11.Selvamani M., Surya Prakash R., Subash K.," The need
to achieve and maintain healthy skin is on the rise. this
cause the composition of antioxidant soaps with
complex synthetic chemicals whose safety on skin and
human health is still unclear.
12.Jagruti Pravinsing Rajput " The herbal expression was
prepared and estimated for the analysis of ph, humidity
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 content, ranging indicator, froth retention time,
saponification, TFM (total adipose matter) answerable
matter, anti microbial testing using different attention of
cleaner result comparing with standard.

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