Topic :- Automatic Vehicle Speed Control System

INTRODUCTION
Road safety is a major global concern, with over-speeding being a leading cause of accidents and
fatalities. Many governments have introduced speed-restricted zones, such as school areas,
hospitals, residential zones, and construction sites, to reduce accident risks. However, drivers
often fail to comply with these speed limits due to negligence or lack of awareness, leading to
dangerous situations. To address this critical issue, an Automatic Vehicle Speed Control System
has been developed, which ensures that vehicles automatically adjust their speed when entering a
speedrestricted zone.
This innovative project is based on Arduino and a 433MHz transmitter and receiver module,
which enables wireless communication between the restricted zone and the vehicle. The system
functions by deploying a 433MHz RF transmitter at the entrance of a speed-restricted area, which
continuously transmits a predefined speed limit signal. When a vehicle equipped with a 433MHz
RF receiver enters the zone, the receiver detects the signal and automatically adjusts the vehicle’s
speed to the permitted limit, ensuring compliance with the traffic rules. This technology not only
enhances road safety but also minimizes human intervention, thereby reducing the chances of
violations.
A unique feature of this system is that while it enforces automatic speed control, it also provides
an override option for the vehicle owner. An LED-based indication system informs the driver
about the speed restriction, and if necessary, the driver can manually override the system to
accelerate. This functionality ensures that the driver remains in control while still being reminded
of the required speed limit.
The system offers several benefits, including accident prevention, traffic law enforcement, and
reduced road congestion. In high-risk zones such as school areas and pedestrian crossings,
automatic speed regulation significantly enhances safety. Additionally, emergency vehicles can be
equipped with a priority mode to bypass restrictions when necessary.
The Arduino microcontroller serves as the core processing unit of this system, managing data
from the RF receiver and controlling the vehicle’s speed accordingly. The 433MHz RF module
allows seamless wireless communication between the transmitter and receiver, ensuring accurate
speed control without the need for GPS or internet connectivity. Compared to traditional speed

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 Topic :- Automatic Vehicle Speed Control System

enforcement methods, such as speed cameras and manual policing, this system provides a
costeffective and efficient solution for speed management.
In summary, the Automatic Vehicle Speed Control System presents a smart, IoT-driven approach
to road safety. By integrating wireless communication, microcontroller-based automation, and
driver assistance features, this system not only prevents accidents but also contributes to the
broader vision of intelligent transportation systems (ITS). The implementation of this technology
on a larger scale can revolutionize road safety and traffic management, making urban and rural
roads safer for all.

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PROBLEM WITH EXISTING SYSTEM

Road accidents are one of the leading causes of fatalities worldwide, with speeding being a
major contributor. Conventional speed control systems primarily rely on road signs and human
intervention, which often lead to non-compliance, increasing the risk of accidents. The current
speed management systems have multiple limitations that make them ineffective in ensuring
safety in speed-restricted areas.
• Dependence on Driver Attention

In the current system, speed regulation relies on drivers observing speed limit signs
and reducing their speed accordingly. However, many drivers either fail to notice these
signs due to distractions or choose to ignore them, leading to dangerous overspeeding
situations.
• Lack of Automated Speed Control

Presently, speed control is entirely manual, requiring the driver to regulate the
vehicle's speed. This dependency introduces human errors, where drivers might
misjudge the appropriate speed, especially in high-risk zones like school areas,
hospitals, and construction zones.
• Ineffectiveness of Traditional Speed Signs

Speed limit signs are often ineffective, particularly in areas with poor visibility due to
fog, rain, or night-time conditions. Some drivers deliberately ignore them, assuming
they won't be penalized unless caught by traffic authorities or speed cameras.

• Delayed Response in Emergency Situations

In cases where speed reduction is immediately required, such as near accident-prone

areas, sharp turns, or busy pedestrian crossings, the reaction time of drivers varies
significantly. This delay can result in serious accidents that could have been prevented
with automated speed regulation.
• Limitations of GPS-Based Speed Control Systems
Some modern vehicles integrate GPS-based speed control, but these systems are
expensive and depend on internet connectivity. Additionally, GPS accuracy can vary,
leading to incorrect speed limit enforcement in certain areas.
• Challenges in Enforcing Speed Limits

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Traffic authorities often struggle to enforce speed limits effectively. Speed cameras
and traffic police checkpoints can only cover limited areas, and many violators escape
penalties due to the lack of continuous monitoring.

• Human Error in Speed Monitoring & Control

Human perception of speed and distance is not always accurate, leading to

misjudgments in decelerating at the right time. This is particularly dangerous in school
zones, hospital areas, highways, and accident-prone zones.
• Increased Road Accidents Due to Overspeeding

According to statistics, overspeeding is a major cause of road accidents and fatalities.

The absence of an automatic mechanism to control speed in restricted areas makes it
difficult to prevent such incidents.
• Limited Awareness Among Drivers

Many drivers are unaware of the specific speed limits in different areas. Relying solely
on road signs is not effective, as drivers may miss them, especially while driving at
high speeds.

Proposed Improvements
The Automatic Vehicle Speed Control System is an innovative solution designed to enhance road
safety by automatically controlling a vehicle’s speed in designated speed-restricted zones. This

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project, based on Arduino and 433MHz RF transmitter and receiver module, helps in accident
prevention by ensuring vehicles comply with speed limits in specific areas such as school zones,
hospitals, sharp turns, and highways. Although the system provides an efficient solution, several
improvements can be made to enhance its reliability, accuracy, and adaptability to real-world
conditions. Below are the proposed improvements:
1. Integration of GPS-Based Speed Control for Wider Coverage
The current system relies on 433MHz RF transmission, which requires transmitters to be installed
at speed-restricted locations. However, integrating GPS (Global Positioning System) would allow
the vehicle to automatically adjust its speed based on pre-programmed speed zones mapped onto
a GPS database. This would:
• Enable speed control in areas without RF transmitters.
• Provide a more scalable and cost-effective solution.
• Enhance flexibility by allowing authorities to update speed limit zones remotely.

2. Adaptive Speed Control Based on Real-Time Traffic Conditions

• Instead of only using static speed limits, the system can be improved by integrating
realtime traffic analysis. Using IoT-enabled sensors and machine learning algorithms, the
system can:

• Adjust vehicle speed dynamically based on traffic congestion, road conditions, and
weather data.

• Ensure smoother traffic flow by adapting speed limits based on real-time conditions.
• Reduce unnecessary braking and acceleration, improving fuel efficiency.

3. Enhanced Communication via IoT and Cloud-Based Speed Limit Updates

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• To ensure continuous updates and real-time synchronization, the system can be integrated
with IoT (Internet of Things) technology. By connecting to a cloud-based server, the
system can:

• Receive live updates of speed restrictions from traffic management authorities.

• Synchronize speed limit zones without manual reconfiguration.
• Ensure better compliance with changing speed regulations in different regions.

4. Integration with Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS)

The system can be improved by integrating with Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) to
provide:

• Collision avoidance systems that warn drivers if they exceed the speed limit in hazardous
areas.

• Lane departure alerts in speed-restricted zones to improve safety.

• Automatic emergency braking (AEB) in cases where the driver fails to slow down in a
speed-restricted area.

5. Improved Driver Feedback Mechanism Using Smart Notifications

Currently, the system uses LED indicators to alert the driver when entering a speed-restricted
area.
This can be enhanced by:

• Adding a buzzer or voice alerts to provide clear warnings about speed restrictions.
• Integrating an LCD or OLED display to show the current speed limit and upcoming speed
zones.
• Sending real-time notifications to the driver's mobile via Bluetooth or Wi-Fi.

6. Dual-Mode Operation with Automatic & Manual Override

To enhance usability, the system can feature dual-mode operation, where:

• The car automatically adjusts its speed in a speed-restricted area.

• The driver can override the system manually in case of emergencies using a dedicated
override switch or touchscreen interface.

• Override actions are logged to ensure responsible usage of the feature.

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7. Speed Adjustment Based on Weather and Road Conditions by integrating environmental

sensors, the system can modify speed control based on:
• Rainy or foggy weather, where the speed limit is automatically reduced.
• Slippery roads, where automatic braking assist is activated.
8. Multi-Vehicle Communication for Safer Traffic Flow

• To improve traffic coordination, the system can integrate Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V)

communication, allowing:
• Cars to exchange speed and braking data with other nearby vehicles.
• Smoother traffic management in congested speed-limited zones.
• Reduced chances of rear-end collisions by synchronizing braking responses.

9. AI-Based Speed Adaptation Using Camera and Image Processing Integrating image
processing with AI can enhance speed control by:

• Recognizing speed limit signs using an onboard camera.

• Adjusting speed based on automatically detected traffic signs.
• Identifying pedestrian crossings and school zones to slow down accordingly.

10. Better Power Management for Energy Efficiency

The system can be optimized for power consumption by:

• Using low-power microcontrollers to reduce energy usage.

• Implementing sleep mode functionality to conserve power when the vehicle is stationary.
• Utilizing solar-powered transmitters for sustainable deployment in speed-restricted areas.

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PROPOSED SOLUTION
The increasing number of road accidents caused by overspeeding has raised the need for an
intelligent speed regulation system. Our proposed solution, an Automatic Vehicle Speed Control
System, aims to mitigate this issue by automatically adjusting a vehicle's speed when it enters a
speed-restricted area. The system is based on Arduino and a 433MHz transmitter and receiver
module to facilitate wireless communication between speed limit zones and the vehicle. This
approach ensures that drivers comply with speed regulations, reducing the likelihood of accidents.
➢ System Design and Working Principle

The Automatic Vehicle Speed Control System is designed to regulate vehicle speed in
predefined restricted zones such as school areas, hospital zones, residential streets,
and accident-prone highways. The system is composed of two main units:
• Transmitter Unit (Speed Restricted Area Controller)
• Receiver Unit (Vehicle Speed Controller)

1. Transmitter Unit (Speed Restricted Area Controller)

The transmitter unit is placed at specific locations where speed restrictions are necessary. It
consists of:

• Arduino for processing the control signals

• 433MHz RF Transmitter Module to send speed restriction signals wirelessly
• Power Supply Unit to operate the transmitter module
• Predefined Speed Limit Data stored in the Arduino

The transmitter continuously sends out a signal containing the speed limit of the respective area.
When a vehicle enters this zone, its receiver unit detects the signal and automatically regulates the
speed accordingly.
2. Receiver Unit (Vehicle Speed Controller)
The receiver unit is installed inside the vehicle and comprises:

• Arduino to process incoming signals and control the motor driver

• 433MHz RF Receiver Module to receive speed restriction signals
• DC Motor Driver Circuit to control the speed of the vehicle
• 16x2 LCD Display to show the speed limit

• LED Indications to inform the driver about speed control activation

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 Topic :- Automatic Vehicle Speed Control System

When the vehicle enters a restricted zone, the receiver unit picks up the signal from the
transmitter, interprets the speed limit, and adjusts the vehicle’s speed accordingly. The system
ensures the vehicle does not exceed the allowed speed unless overridden by the drive.
➢ Speed Control Mechanism

Entering a Speed-Restricted Zone:

• As the vehicle approaches a speed-restricted area, the receiver unit detects the transmitted
signal.
• The speed limit data is extracted and displayed on the 16x2 LCD screen inside the vehicle.
• If the vehicle is moving above the prescribed limit, the system automatically reduces the
speed to match the restriction.
➢ Automatic Speed Adjustment:

• The Arduino compares the vehicle’s current speed with the received speed limit.
• If the speed is above the limit, the system reduces the PWM (Pulse Width Modulation)
signal to the motor driver, thereby slowing down the vehicle.
• If the vehicle speed is within the limit, no action is taken.
➢ Driver Override (Speed Up Option):

• An LED Indicator alerts the driver when speed control is active.

• If needed, the driver can override the restriction by pressing a button, which temporarily
disables automatic speed control.
• This feature is useful for emergency situations where acceleration is necessary.
➢ Exiting the Speed-Restricted Zone:

• Once the vehicle moves out of the restricted zone, the system stops receiving the signal.
• The speed control mechanism is deactivated, and the driver regains full control over
accelerate

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LITERATURE REVIEW
The advancement of intelligent transportation systems has led to the development of automatic
speed control mechanisms aimed at improving road safety. Speed regulation in restricted zones,
such as school areas, hospital zones, construction sites, and sharp curves, is crucial to preventing
accidents. Conventional speed control depends on road signs and driver attentiveness, which may
not always be reliable. To address this issue, automated speed control systems have been
introduced, leveraging embedded systems and wireless communication technologies.
This literature review explores various speed control techniques, including radio frequency
(RF)based, GPS-based, and sensor-based methods, and discusses the potential benefits of
implementing an Arduino-based system using a 433MHz transmitter and receiver module.
1. Need for Automatic Speed Control Systems
Speeding is a major contributor to road accidents, with studies indicating that excessive speed
increases both the likelihood and severity of crashes. According to the World Health Organization
(WHO), reducing vehicle speed by just 5% can decrease accident fatalities by up to 30%. In
speedrestricted areas, such as school zones and residential neighborhoods, enforcing speed limits
is challenging due to driver negligence. Therefore, the development of an automated system that
ensures vehicle compliance with speed limits without relying on human intervention is necessary.
2. Existing Speed Control Mechanisms
➢ Manual Speed Regulation

Traditional speed control relies on signboards, speed bumps, and human enforcement (e.g., police
patrols and speed cameras). However, these methods are prone to human error and inefficiency,
as drivers may overlook signboards or intentionally ignore speed limits.
➢ GPS-Based Speed Control

Some studies propose using GPS-based speed control, where the vehicle determines its location
and automatically adjusts speed according to predefined speed zones. However, this method
requires an active GPS connection and is often costly to implement.

➢ RFID-Based Speed Control

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RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tags installed on road signs can be used to transmit speed
limit information to vehicles. While effective, this system requires RFID readers in every vehicle,
making large-scale implementation challenging.
➢ RF-Based Speed Control

RF communication has been explored as a cost-effective alternative for automatic speed control.
A 433MHz RF transmitter installed in a speed-restricted area sends signals to a receiver in the
approaching vehicle, which then regulates its speed accordingly. This method is inexpensive,
requires minimal infrastructure, and is highly effective in local speed enforcement.
➢ Various speed control systems have been developed and implemented over the years. Some
of the notable systems include:

 Speed Governors: These are mechanical or electronic devices installed in vehicles to

limit maximum speed. However, they do not adjust speed dynamically based on
specific zones.
 GPS-Based Speed Control Systems: Some systems use GPS to determine the vehicle's
location and impose speed restrictions accordingly. These systems require continuous
internet connectivity and precise mapping data.
 RFID-Based Speed Control Systems: RFID technology has been used to regulate speed
in restricted zones, but it requires the installation of RFID readers at designated areas,
which can be costly and difficult to maintain.
 Radar and Camera-Based Enforcement: Speed cameras and radars detect and penalize
overspeeding vehicles but do not actively control the vehicle's speed.
➢ Role of IoT and Wireless Communication in Speed Control Systems

The emergence of IoT has led to the development of smart speed control systems using wireless
communication technologies such as Bluetooth, Zigbee, and RF modules. The 433MHz RF
transmitter and receiver module is one such technology that allows vehicles to receive speed
restriction signals when entering designated zones. This method is cost-effective, does not require
internet connectivity, and provides real-time speed regulation.

➢ Automatic Speed Control Using Arduino and 433MHz RF Module

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 Topic :- Automatic Vehicle Speed Control System

 This project introduces an automatic vehicle speed control system using Arduino Uno and
433MHz RF transmitter and receiver modules. The system works as follows:
 A 433MHz RF transmitter is installed in restricted zones (e.g., school zones, accident-prone
areas, or hospital surroundings).
 Each transmitter sends a predefined speed limit signal for that particular area.
 A 433MHz RF receiver is installed in the vehicle, which receives the signal when the car
enters the restricted area.
 The Arduino Uno processes the received signal and automatically controls the vehicle’s
speed based on the predefined limit.
 The speed limit is displayed on a 16x2 LCD screen inside the vehicle, providing real-time
information to the driver.
 LED indicators alert the driver about the speed restriction, and if required, the car owner can
manually override and increase the speed.
 the increasing number of road accidents due to over-speeding, various intelligent speed
control systems have been proposed and implemented to ensure road safety. Traditional
speed control mechanisms rely on traffic signals, signboards, and human enforcement,
which often fail due to non-compliance by drivers. To address this issue, automated speed
control systems have emerged, integrating embedded systems, wireless communication, and
IoT technologies.
 Several studies have explored different methods for automatic speed regulation. Researchers
have proposed RFID-based speed control systems, where RFID tags installed on roads
communicate with vehicle-mounted readers to regulate speed. However, this method
requires costly infrastructure and frequent maintenance. Similarly, GPS and GSM-based
systems have been developed to monitor and control vehicle speed remotely, but they face
challenges such as dependency This project introduces a 433MHz RF-based speed control
system, which provides a low-cost and efficient alternative for speed regulation in restricted
areas. The system comprises an Arduino Uno, a 433MHz transmitter and receiver module,
an L298N motor driver, and a 16x2 LCD display. The transmitter, placed in speed-restricted
zones, sends speed limit data to the receiver installed in the vehicle. Upon entering a

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restricted area, the vehicle’s speed is automatically reduced to the predefined limit, helping
prevent accidents and ensuring compliance with traffic regulations.
 Unlike existing autonomous systems, this design provides an override feature where the car
owner can manually accelerate beyond the limit after receiving an indication via LED
signals. This ensures driver flexibility in emergency situations. The use of RF
communication ensures quick and reliable transmission without the need for complex
infrastructure.

METHODOLOGY

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3.1 PROPOSED SYSTEM

1. The methodology for the automatic vehicle speed control system is designed to regulate the
vehicle's speed in speed-restricted areas using Arduino as the central processing unit. The
system utilizes a 433 MHz transmitter and receiver module to detect the speed limits of
different areas and automatically adjust the vehicle's speed accordingly. The current vehicle
speed, speed limit, and control status are displayed on a 16x2 LCD screen for real time
monitoring by the driver.
2. System Components
• Arduino Uno: Acts as the primary control unit to process the signals from the transmitterand
receiver and adjust the speed of the vehicle.
• 433 MHz Transmitter: Installed in speed-restricted areas (e.g., school zones, construction
areas) to transmit the speed limit data wirelessly.
• 433 MHz Receiver: Mounted on the vehicle to receive signals from the transmitter.
Thereceiver passes the speed limit data to the Arduino.
• Motor Driver Circuit: Controls the vehicle's speed by regulating the power supplied tothe
motor based on the signals from the Arduino.
• 16x2 LCD Display: Displays real-time data, including current speed, speed limit, andsystem
status.
• Speed Sensor: Monitors the vehicle's current speed and feeds the data to the Arduino for
comparison.
• Manual Override System: Allows the driver to override the automatic control andmanually
increase the vehicle's speed if necessary.
3. Working Mechanism
1. Initialization:
The system is initialized, and the Arduino reads input signals from the 433 MHz receiver
and the speed sensor. The 16x2 LCD is activated to display the system’s status and
vehicle speed in real-time.

2. Detection of Speed Limit Zones:

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 Topic :- Automatic Vehicle Speed Control System

o The 433 MHz transmitter installed in a speed-restricted area continuously

broadcasts the speed limit of that zone.
o When the vehicle enters the speed-restricted area, the 433 MHz receiver on
the vehicle picks up the transmitted signal. o The received speed limit is sent to the
Arduino for processing.
3. Speed Comparison:
o The Arduino compares the vehicle’s current speed (from the speed sensor) with the
received speed limit.
o If the vehicle's speed exceeds the speed limit, the Arduino triggers the motor driver
to reduce the speed automatically to the allowed limit.
4. Speed Regulation: o The Arduino sends signals to the motor driver to slow down the
vehicle. The motor driver reduces the power supplied to the motor, ensuring the
vehicle’s speed matches the speed limit. o The real-time speed, current speed limit, and
system status are displayed on the
16x2 LCD screen for the driver’s information.
5. Manual Override:
o In cases where the driver needs to increase the vehicle’s speed (e.g., emergency
situations), the system allows for manual override.
o By pressing a button or a switch, the driver can override the automatic speed
control and manually accelerate the vehicle. The LCD screen will update the operation
status and show that the vehicle is in manual control mode.
6. Exit from Restricted Zone: o Once the vehicle exits the speed-restricted area,
the 433 MHz receiver no longer receives signals from the transmitter.

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3.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig 3.2 Shows theblock diagram of the proje

ct

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 Topic :- Automatic Vehicle Speed Control System

WORKING

o Transmitter Section :

▪ Switches: These are used as input controls by the user.

▪ Microcontroller: Receives inputs from the switches and processes them.

▪ Indication LEDs: Provide visual feedback for button presses or status.

▪ Transmitter Antenna: Sends the control signals wirelessly.

▪ Power Supply: Powers the microcontroller and other components.

o Receiver Section :

▪ Receiver Antenna: Captures the transmitted signal.

▪ Microcontroller: Interprets the received signal and makes decisions.

▪ Motor Driver: Interfaces between the microcontroller and motor, amplifies the control
signal.

▪ Motor: Executes the physical movement.

▪ Power Supply: Powers the receiver circuitry and motor driver.

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3.3 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Fig 3.3 Shows The Circuit Diagram Of The Project

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 Topic :- Automatic Vehicle Speed Control System

WORKING
Circuit Diagram Description:
The Automatic Vehicle Speed Control System circuit is designed using an Arduino UNO, a
433MHz RF Transmitter-Receiver module, a DC motor with motor driver module (L298N) to
simulate the car engine, LED indicators, and push buttons for override control.
• Transmitter Section (Speed Restricted Area Module):

This section is installed in the restricted area, like school zones, hospitals, or construction zones.
It consists of a 433MHz RF Transmitter Module connected to an Arduino UNO.
Each speed-restricted zone has a specific encoded signal (e.g., 20 km/h, 30 km/h, etc.)
programmed in the Arduino.
When a vehicle enters this area, the transmitter sends the zone's speed limit signal wirelessly.
• Receiver Section (Vehicle Unit):

This unit is installed in the vehicle.

A 433MHz RF Receiver Module is connected to the Arduino UNO onboard the vehicle.
The Arduino constantly listens for incoming signals from the transmitter.
Upon receiving a speed limit signal (say "20 km/h"), the Arduino processes it and controls the
motor speed accordingly using the L298N motor driver.
The motor (simulating vehicle wheels) will run only at the restricted speed level as long as the
vehicle is in that zone.
• LED indicators show the active speed limit:

Green for 30 km/h

Yellow for 20 km/h
Red for 10 km/h
• Manual Override Feature:

A push button is provided to the driver for manual override.

When the driver presses the override button (simulating emergency), the Arduino allows the
motor to accelerate again.
The LED indicators blink to show override mode is active.

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• Working Summary:

As the car enters a speed-restricted area, the RF receiver detects the signal from the area’s
transmitter.
Arduino decodes the speed limit and controls the car motor speed accordingly using PWM output
to the motor driver.
LEDs light up to show the active speed zone.
If needed, the driver can press the override button, and the system allows the car to exceed the
restricted speed.
• Safety Aspect:

This smart system automatically ensures speed compliance, especially in accident-prone zones.
The override feature ensures that in emergencies, the driver can regain control, but the LED
indication keeps the system transparent and visible.

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3.4 FLOWCHART

Fig 3.3 shows the flowchart of the project

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IMPLENENTATION
o SOFTWARE ARDUINO IDE

/* Connections
Relay. D6
Btn. D7
Soil. A0
PIR. D5
SDA. D2
SCL. D1
Temp. D4
*/
//Include the library files
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
#define BLYNK_PRINT Serial
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <BlynkSimpleEsp8266.h>
#include <DHT.h>
//Initialize the LCD display
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x3F, 16, 2);
#define BLYNK_TEMPLATE_ID "TMPL32uaYDVlQ"
#define BLYNK_TEMPLATE_NAME "Smart Plant"
//#define BLYNK_AUTH_TOKEN "cPjgmnbu1n1hwcttYVEtE9cS-4w9IpyC" char
auth[] = "cPjgmnbu1n1hwcttYVEtE9cS-4w9IpyC"; //Enter your Blynk Auth token char
ssid[] = "TTPVT"; //Enter your WIFI SSID char pass[] = "TTPVT@321"; //Enter your
WIFI Password
DHT dht(D4, DHT11);//(DHT sensor pin,sensor type) D4 DHT11 Temperature Sensor
BlynkTimer timer //Define component pins
#define soil A0 //A0 Soil Moisture Sensor
#define PIR D5 //D5 PIR Motion Sensor

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int PIR_ToggleValue; void

checkPhysicalButton(); int relay1State =
LOW; int pushButton1State = HIGH;
#define RELAY_PIN_1 D6 //D3 Relay
#define PUSH_BUTTON_1 D7 //D7 Button
#define VPIN_BUTTON_1 V12
//Create three variables for pressure
double T, P; char status; void
setup() { Serial.begin(9600);
//lcd.begin();
//lcd.backlight();
pinMode(PIR, INPUT);
pinMode(RELAY_PIN_1, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN_1, LOW);
pinMode(PUSH_BUTTON_1, INPUT_PULLUP);
digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN_1, relay1State);
Blynk.begin(auth, ssid, pass, "blynk.cloud", 80);
dht.begin(); lcd.setCursor(0, 0); lcd.print("
Initializing "); for (int a = 5; a <= 10; a++)
{ lcd.setCursor(a, 1); lcd.print(".");
delay(500); } lcd.clear(); lcd.setCursor(11, 1);

lcd.print("W:OFF"); //Call the function

timer.setInterval(100L, soilMoistureSensor);
timer.setInterval(100L, DHT11sensor);
timer.setInterval(500L, checkPhysicalButton);
}
//Get the DHT11 sensor values
void DHT11sensor() { float h =
dht.readHumidity(); float t =
dht.readTemperature(); if
(isnan(h) || isnan(t)) {

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 Topic :- Automatic Vehicle Speed Control System

Serial.println("Failed to read from DHT sensor!");

return;
}
Blynk.virtualWrite(V0, t);
Blynk.virtualWrite(V1, h);
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("T:"); lcd.print(t);
lcd.setCursor(8, 0);
lcd.print("H:");
lcd.print(h);

}
//Get the soil moisture values void
soilMoistureSensor() { int value =
analogRead(soil); value =
map(value, 0, 1024, 0, 100); value =
(value - 100) * -1;
Blynk.virtualWrite(V3, value);
lcd.setCursor(0, 1)
lcd.print("S:");
lcd.print(value); lcd.print("
");
}
//Get the PIR sensor values void
PIRsensor() { bool value =
digitalRead(PIR); if (value) {
Blynk.logEvent("motion_detected","WARNING! MOTION DETECTED!"); //Enter your
Event Name
WidgetLED LED(V5);
LED.on();
} else {

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WidgetLED LED(V5);
LED.off();
}
}
BLYNK_WRITE(V6)
{
PIR_ToggleValue = param.asInt();
}
BLYNK_CONNECTED() {
// Request the latest state from the server
Blynk.syncVirtual(VPIN_BUTTON_1);
}
BLYNK_WRITE(VPIN_BUTTON_1)
{ relay1State = param.asInt();
digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN_1, relay1State);
} void
checkPhysicalButton() {

if (digitalRead(PUSH_BUTTON_1) == LOW) {
// pushButton1State is used to avoid sequential toggles
if (pushButton1State != LOW) {

// Toggle Relay state relay1State = !

relay1State; digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN_1,
relay1State);

// Update Button Widget

Blynk.virtualWrite(VPIN_BUTTON_1, relay1State);
}
pushButton1State = LOW;
} else { pushButton1State
= HIGH;

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}
}

void loop() { if
(PIR_ToggleValue == 1)

{ lcd.setCursor(5,
1);
lcd.print("M:ON ");
PIRsensor();
}
else
{
lcd.setCursor(5, 1);
lcd.print("M:OFF"); WidgetLED
LED(V5); LED.off();

}
if (relay1State == HIGH)
{ lcd.setCursor(11,
1); lcd.print("W:ON
");
}
else if (relay1State == LOW)
{ lcd.setCursor(11,
1);
lcd.print("W:OFF");
}
Blynk.run();//Run the Blynk library
timer.run();//Run the Blynk timer

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4.1 IMPLEMENTATION STEPS

Step 1: Components Selection and Procurement
• Microcontroller: Arduino Uno
• Communication Module: 433MHz RF Transmitter & Receiver
• Motor Driver: L298N Motor Driver
• Display Module: 16x2 LCD Display
• Indicators: LED Indicators (Speed Limit & Override)
• Power Supply: 12V Battery or Adapter
• Others: Resistors, Capacitors, Wires, PCB, etc.

Step 2: Circuit Design and Connections

• Arduino Uno Setup: Connect all necessary components to the Arduino.
• 433MHz RF Transmitter (Roadside Module):
• Placed at the start of a speed-restricted zone.
• Sends speed limit data to the vehicle.
• Powered by a separate power supply.
• 433MHz RF Receiver (Car Module):
• Installed inside the vehicle.
• Receives signals from the roadside transmitter.
• Sends the data to the Arduino for processing.
• Motor Driver (L298N):
• Controls the DC motor speed based on the received speed limit.
• 16x2 LCD Display:
• Displays the speed limit of the current area.
• LED Indicators:
• Speed Limit LED (Green): Indicates that the car speed is within the limit.
• Override LED (Red): Indicates that the driver has overridden the automatic control.
• Power Connections:
• Proper power connections to all modules.

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Step 3: Programming the Arduino

• 433MHz Receiver Code (Vehicle Side):
• Continuously listens for speed limit signals from the RF Transmitter.
• Extracts speed limit data.
• Sends the speed limit information to the Arduino.
• Arduino Speed Control Code:
• Reads the received speed limit from the RF module.
• Adjusts the PWM signal to the motor driver to regulate vehicle speed.
• Displays the speed limit on the LCD screen.
• Activates the Speed Limit LED to inform the driver.
• Override Functionality:
• If the driver presses the override switch, the system allows manual acceleration.
• The Override LED turns ON.
• Arduino stops restricting the speed and allows full manual control.

Step 4: Testing and Calibration

• Initial Testing:
• Test the RF Transmitter and Receiver communication.
• Verify that the Arduino correctly processes received speed limits.
• Check motor speed variations as per received data.
• Speed Calibration:
• Set PWM values corresponding to speed limits (e.g., 30 km/h, 50 km/h, etc.).
• Test with different speed zones and ensure the vehicle speed matches the given limit.
• Override Functionality Testing:
• Test if the driver can manually accelerate after pressing the override switch.
• Ensure the system restores automatic speed control when override is disabled.
• Final Testing on Model Road:
• Deploy the RF transmitter in a test environment.
• Drive the vehicle through speed-restricted zones.
• Observe speed changes, LED indications, and LCD messages.

Step 5: Deployment & Optimization

• Deploy the system in a real-world test environment.
• Fine-tune RF signal range for better communication.
• Ensure stable power supply and error handling in code.
• Implement additional safety features if required.

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4.2 ACTUAL PICTURE

Shows the top view of project

Shows the frontview of project

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COMPONENT DESCRIPTION
5.1 COMPONENT
5.2.1. Arduino Uno
5.2.2. L298N Motor Driver
5.2.3. MHZ Transmitter
5.2.4. MHZ Receiver
5.2.5. LEDS
5.2.6. Push Switch
5.2.7. Connecting Wire

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5.2 COMPONENT INFORMATION

5.2.1 Arduino Uno

• ATmega328P Microcontroller – The core processing unit that handles speed control logic.
• Digital and Analog I/O Pins – Controls the motor driver, receives signals from the 433 MHz
receiver, and updates the LCD.
• PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) Support – Regulates motor speed through the L298N
motor driver.
• UART Communication – Receives speed limit data from the 433 MHz module via serial
communication.
• Low Power Consumption – Ensures energy-efficient operation in vehicle applications.
• EEPROM Memory – Stores essential speed limit data for reference if needed.
• Compact and Lightweight – Easy to integrate into the vehicle's electronic system.
• 5V Operating Voltage – Compatible with various automotive electronic components.
• Support for LCD Display – Interfaces with a 16x2 LCD to show the current speed limit.

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• Real-Time Processing Capability – Instantly adjusts vehicle speed based on the received
speed limit signal.
• 1.Receiving Speed Limit Data (433MHz RF Receiver)
• The Arduino is connected to a 433MHz RF Receiver, which receives speed limit signals
from the RF Transmitter placed on the roadside.
• The received signal contains information about the speed limit of that particular zone.
• Processing Speed Limit Information
• Once the Arduino receives the speed limit data, it processes and converts it into a
corresponding PWM signal to control the motor speed.
• The speed is adjusted automatically based on the speed limit of the restricted zone.
• Controlling Motor Speed (L298N Motor Driver)
• The Arduino sends a PWM signal to the L298N motor driver to regulate the DC motor
speed.
• It ensures that the vehicle does not exceed the allowed speed limit in the restricted area.
• If the speed limit is 30 km/h, the Arduino sets the motor speed accordingly.
• Displaying Speed Limit on LCD
• A 16x2 LCD Display is connected to Arduino to show the current speed limit received from
the RF transmitter.
• The display helps the driver be aware of the restricted zone speed limit.
• LED Indication for Speed Limit and Override Mode
• Green LED (Speed Control Mode ON): Arduino turns ON a green LED to indicate that
speed is automatically controlled.
• Red LED (Override Mode ON): When the driver manually overrides the system, Arduino
activates a red LED to indicate that the system is in manual control.
• Enabling Manual Override.
• If the driver presses the override switch, the Arduino temporarily stops restricting the speed,
allowing the driver to accelerate manually.
• Once the driver releases the override button, Arduino resumes automatic speed control.
• Ensuring Smooth Communication & Response Time
• Arduino continuously monitors incoming speed signals and adjusts the speed in real time.
• It ensures quick response and smooth transition between different speed zones

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5.2.2 433MHz RF Transmitter

• Wireless Speed Limit Transmission – Sends speed limit data to vehicles entering restricted
zones.
• Long-Range Communication – Operates up to 100 meters in open areas for early speed limit
detection.
• Low Power Consumption – Energy-efficient, suitable for continuous operation.
• Fixed Speed Limit Encoding – Each transmitter is programmed with specific speed limits
(e.g., 30 km/h, 50 km/h).
• Instant Signal Transmission – Provides real-time speed control response upon vehicle entry.
• Unidirectional Data Transfer – Simple one-way communication for easy implementation.
• Interference Resistance – Works reliably in different environments with minimal signal
disruption.
• Compact and Cost-Effective – Small in size and affordable for large-scale deployment.
• Easy Integration with Arduino – Seamlessly connects with Arduino Uno for vehicle speed
regulation.

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• Supports Multiple Speed Zones – Can be deployed at different locations with varying speed
limit.
5.2.3 433MHz RF Receiver

Wireless Communication:

• The 433MHz RF receiver enables wireless communication between the speed-restricted

zone (transmitter) and the vehicle, eliminating the need for physical connections.

➢ Detection of Speed Limit Signals:

• The receiver captures speed limit signals transmitted from the 433MHz RF transmitter
installed in restricted areas.

➢ Real-Time Speed Limit Updates:

• It continuously receives real-time speed limit data, allowing the Arduino to adjust the
vehicle's speed accordingly.
o Long-Range Reception:
• The 433MHz RF module can detect signals from a considerable distance (typically 50-100
meters in open space), ensuring smooth transition into restricted areas.

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Low Power Consumption:

• The receiver operates on low power, making it energy-efficient and ideal for continuous
use in vehicles.

Fast Data Transmission:

• The receiver provides quick and reliable data transmission, ensuring instant response when
the vehicle enters a speed-restricted zone.

Interference Resistance:

• The RF communication system is designed to minimize interference, ensuring accurate

reception of speed limit signals.

Compatibility with Arduino:

• The 433MHz RF receiver easily interfaces with the Arduino Uno, enabling smooth data
processing and speed control.

Automatic Speed Control Activation:

• Upon receiving the signal, the receiver triggers the Arduino to process the speed data and
adjust the motor driver output to limit the vehicle’s speed.
• Wireless data reception from 433MHz transmitter.
• Long-range communication capability.
• Low power consumption for energy efficiency.
• High sensitivity for detecting weak signals.
• Interference resistance for stable operation.

• Real-time data processing for instant response.

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• Compact and lightweight design for easy integration.

• Stable and reliable performance in various conditions.

• Supports multiple speed-restricted zones.

• Easy integration with Arduino and motor driver

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5.2.4 L298N Motor Driver Module

Dual H-Bridge Motor Control:

• Enables bidirectional control of the vehicle’s motor, allowing speed adjustments based on
the speed-restricted area.
High Current Handling Capability:
• Can handle a peak current of up to 2A per channel, making it suitable for controlling DC
motors in vehicle speed regulation.
Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Control:
• Supports PWM signals from the Arduino to vary the motor speed smoothly, ensuring
precise speed control.
Voltage Compatibility:
• Operates within a voltage range of 5V to 35V, allowing flexibility in motor selection for
different vehicle models.
Thermal Protection:
• Built-in heat sinks and thermal protection prevent overheating during continuous
operation, enhancing system reliability.

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Enable and Direction Control:

• The ENABLE pins allow activation or deactivation of the motor, while IN1/IN2 control
speed and direction based on Arduino commands.
Compact and Efficient Design:
• Small, lightweight, and easy to integrate into the vehicle’s electronic system without
consuming excessive space.
Automatic Speed Regulation:
• Works with Arduino to adjust the vehicle’s speed in response to 433 MHz receiver signals,
ensuring compliance with speed limits.
Smooth Speed Transition:
• Allows gradual speed reduction instead of sudden braking, ensuring a safer driving
experience.
• Dual H-Bridge Motor Driver for Bidirectional Control.
• Supports Two DC Motors or One Stepper Motor.
• Operating Voltage Range: 5V to 35V.
• High Current Capability (Up to 2A per Channel).
• Built-in Thermal and Overcurrent Protection.
• PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) Speed Control Support.
• Separate Power Supply for Motor and Logic Control.
• Compact and Lightweight Design for Easy Integration.
• Compatible with Arduino, ESP8266, ESP32, and Other Microcontrollers.
• Ideal for Robotics, Motorized Vehicles, and Automation Projects.

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5.2.5 LEDS

Speed Limit Indication:

• LEDs can be used to indicate the current speed limit of the restricted area by lighting up
different colors (e.g., green for safe speed, red for overspeeding).
Zone Alert Indication:
• When the vehicle enters a speed-restricted area, an LED light can blink or change color to
notify the driver.
Warning System for Overspeeding:
• If the car exceeds the permitted speed, the system can activate a flashing red LED to alert
the driver.
Status Indication of System Activation:
• An LED indicator can show whether the automatic speed control system is active or
inactive.
Communication Feedback from 433 MHz Receiver:
• LEDs can confirm whether the 433 MHz receiver has successfully detected a speed limit
signal from the transmitter.
Emergency Override Indication:
• If the driver overrides the system to regain manual control, an LED can turn yellow or blink,
indicating that the override mode is active.

Night Visibility Enhancement:

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LEDs improve visibility at night by illuminating dashboard indicators related to speed control.
Low Power Consumption:
• LEDs use minimal power, making them efficient for continuous operation in vehicle
systems without draining the battery.
User-Friendly Display Integration:
• LEDs can work alongside the 16x2 LCD display, reinforcing speed limit alerts with visual
indicators.
Speed Limit LED (Green) → Indicates Speed is Under Control
• ON: When the car speed is automatically controlled as per the restricted area.
• OFF: When the vehicle is out of a speed-restricted zone.
Override LED (Red) → Indicates Manual Speed Control by Driver
• ON: When the driver overrides the automatic speed control and accelerates manually.
• OFF: When the vehicle follows automatic speed control.
• RF Signal Indicator LED (Yellow) → Indicates RF Communication Status
• Blinking: When the RF receiver is actively receiving speed limit signals.
• OFF: When no RF signal is detected (outside restricted areas).
Power Status LED (Blue) → Indicates System Power is ON
• ON: When the system is powered and functioning.
• OFF: When the system is turned off or disconnected.

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5.2.6 Push Switch

Manual Override Control:

• The push switch allows the driver to manually override the automatic speed control
system in emergency situations.
Enables/Disables Speed Restriction:
• The switch can be used to temporarily disable the system, allowing the driver to regain
full control over the vehicle’s speed.

Quick Response Mechanism:

• Provides an instant response when pressed, ensuring immediate control
changes without any delay.
Single Press Activation:
• A simple push activates or deactivates the override function, making it user-friendly.
Failsafe Functionality:
• Ensures that the driver can bypass the automated speed control system when needed,
preventing system malfunctions from affecting driving safety.
Integration with Arduino:
• Directly connected to the Arduino Uno, allowing real-time control and communication
with the speed control system.
Enhanced Driver Safety:

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Gives the driver an additional level of control, preventing situations where automatic
speed control could be a hindrance.
Durable and Reliable:
• Designed for repeated use, ensuring long-term functionality without frequent wear and
tear. Emergency Use Case:
• Can be used in emergency scenarios where the driver needs to accelerate beyond the
restricted speed limit.
• Single-Press Operation – Activates or deactivates the system with a simple push.
• Manual Override – Allows the driver to bypass automatic speed control when needed.
• Instant Response – Quickly registers input without delays.
• Connected to Arduino – Directly integrated into the control system for processing.
• Enhances Safety – Provides manual control in case of emergency situations.
• Durable Design – Built for long-term use with frequent pressing.
• Compact and Easy to Install – Requires minimal space and wiring.
• Low Power Consumption – Efficient and doesn’t add extra load to the system.

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7. Connecting Wires

Reliable Electrical Connectivity:

• Ensures stable connections between Arduino Uno, L298N motor driver, 433 MHz
transmitter & receiver, LCD display, and power supply for efficient communication and
power distribution.
High Conductivity:
• Uses copper or tinned copper wires to minimize resistance and ensure smooth electrical
flow for uninterrupted operation.
Proper Insulation:
• Wires are insulated with PVC or silicone coating to prevent short circuits and protect
against heat, friction, and external interference.
Appropriate Wire Gauge Selection:
• Different wire gauges (e.g., 22 AWG, 24 AWG) are used based on current requirements to
handle power connections, signal transmission, and data communication.
Color-Coded Wires for Easy Identification:
• Wires are color-coded to distinguish power (red), ground (black), signal
(yellow/white/blue), and motor control (green/orange) connections.

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Flexible and Durable:

Flexible stranded wires are used for moving parts, ensuring durability and preventing
breakage due to vibrations or bending.
Low Signal Interference:
• Shielded wires or twisted pair configurations help reduce electromagnetic interference
(EMI) in communication between the 433 MHz transmitter and receiver.
Secure Connections with Connectors & Soldering:
• Wires are securely connected using jumper wires, crimp connectors, or soldering,
preventing loose connections that could cause malfunctions.
Heat and Fire Resistance:
• Wires used in motor driver and power supply connections have heat-resistant insulation to
withstand temperature variations.
Compact and Neat Wiring Management:
• Organized wiring with cable ties or sleeves improves system reliability, preventing
accidental disconnections and making maintenance easier.
• Power Wires (Red & Black) – For supplying power to the Arduino, motor driver, and
other modules.
• Signal Wires – For transmitting data signals between the Arduino and various components
(e.g., RF receiver, motor driver, LED indicators).
• Motor Driver Connection Wires – Wires connecting the L298N motor driver to the DC
motor and Arduino.
• 433MHz RF Module Wires – Connecting 433MHz transmitter and receiver to the Arduino
for wireless speed limit signal transmission.
• LCD Display Wires – Wires connecting the 16x2 LCD display to the Arduino for showing
speed limit values.
• LED Indicator Wires – Connecting LEDs to the Arduino to provide speed-related
indications to the driver.
• Override Button Wires – Wires connected to the push button that allows the driver to
override speed control.

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• Ground (GND) Wires – Common ground connections for all components to ensure a
stable circuit.

LCD Display (16x2) Wires

• I2C Interface Wires:
• SDA (Serial Data) → Arduino A4
• SCL (Serial Clock) → Arduino A5
• Displays the current speed limit of the area.
• LED Indicator Wires
Indication LED (Red/Green):
• Red LED: Indicates that the car is in a speed-restricted zone and the automatic speed
control is active.
• Green LED: Indicates that the car owner can manually override and speed up if necessary.
• Resistors (330Ω - 1kΩ) are connected in series to prevent excess current flow to the
LEDs. Override Switch Wires
• Used for the manual override feature where the car owner can press a switch to increase
speed in speed-restricted areas.
• Connected between the Arduino digital input pin and GND/VCC.

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ADVANTAGES

1. Prevents Over-Speeding – Ensures that vehicles comply with speed limits in restricted
areas.
2. Reduces Accidents – Helps prevent accidents by automatically controlling speed in
sensitive zones.
3. Enhances Road Safety – Protects pedestrians, cyclists, and other road users by enforcing
speed limits.
4. Automatic Speed Adjustment – Eliminates the need for manual speed adjustments,
reducing driver error.
5. Improves Traffic Discipline – Encourages responsible driving behavior and adherence to
speed regulations.
6. Minimizes Speeding Fines – Prevents unintentional speeding, reducing the risk of
receiving traffic fines.

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APPLICATIONS

1. School Zones :-
In school zones, where speed limits are typically lower, the system can automatically adjust the
vehicle's speed to ensure children's safety during school hours, reducing the risk of accidents
caused by speeding.
2. Highway Exits :-
As vehicles approach highway exit ramps, where lower speed limits are in place to avoid
crashes, the system can reduce the car's speed, ensuring smooth deceleration and preventing
accidents due to sudden braking or sharp turns.
3. Residential Areas :-
In residential areas, where pedestrians, children, and pets are common, the system can enforce
speed limits automatically, enhancing neighborhood safety and reducing noise from fast
vehicles.
4. Construction Zones :-
In temporary construction zones where speed limits are lowered for worker safety, the
system can adjust the vehicle's speed to comply with the limit, reducing accidents in high-
risk construction areas.
5. Urban Traffic Zones :-
In congested city streets or urban traffic zones with low speed limits, the system can ensure
compliance with speed restrictions, improving traffic flow and reducing the likelihood of
collisions with pedestrians or other vehicles.
6. Parking Lots :-
In parking areas where lower speeds are required for safety reasons, the system can prevent
accidents caused by speeding in close quarters by adjusting the vehicle speed automatically.

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CONCLUSION

The Automatic Vehicle Speed Control System is an innovative and effective solution designed to
enhance road safety by ensuring that vehicles adhere to speed limits in restricted areas. By
integrating Arduino and a 433MHz transmitter and receiver module, the system automatically
regulates vehicle speed when entering a predefined speed-restricted zone. This helps in
preventing accidents caused by over speeding, particularly in high-risk areas such as school
zones, hospitals, and sharp curves.

Additionally, the system provides flexibility to the driver, as it allows manual speed control upon
receiving indications from LED signals. This ensures that while the system enforces speed limits,
the driver retains control and decision-making ability when necessary.With its cost-effectiveness,
reliability, and ease of implementation, this project serves as a promising step toward intelligent
traffic management and road safety enhancement. The integration of such technology into modern
transportation infrastructure can significantly reduce accidents and contribute to the development
of smart and safe cities.

FUTURE SCOPE

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1. Integration with GPS and IOT :-

Future versions can integrate GPS and IoT technology to dynamically adjust vehicle speed based
on real-time traffic and speed limits.
2. Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) Enhancement :-
This system can be extended to work alongside adaptive cruise control, automatically adjusting
the vehicle’s speed based on road conditions and vehicle proximity.

3. Smart Traffic Management System :-

Authorities can implement centralized traffic control systems where speed limits are dynamically
updated based on congestion, weather, and road conditions.
4. Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Based Decision Making ;-
AI algorithms can be incorporated to analyze driver behavior, road conditions, and accident-prone
areas to provide intelligent speed recommendations.
5. Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) Communication :-
The system can be enhanced to communicate with road infrastructure, such as smart traffic lights
and highway monitoring systems, to ensure compliance with speed regulations.

REFERENCE

1. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/

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2. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8653721?signout=success
3. 3.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
366169617_Arduino_Based_automatic_Vehicle _Control
4. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9398003
5. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2312/1/012006/pdf
6. https://www.irjet.net/archives/V7/i7/IRJET-V7I7128.pdf

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