NOUN
NOUN
1- fdlh O;fDr] oLrq] LFkku] xq.k] dk;Z ;k voLFkk ds uke dks Noun ¼laKk½ dgk tkrk gSaA
A noun is a word used as a name of a person, place or thing.
Noun ik¡p Ádkj ds g¨rs gSaA
1. Proper Noun ¼O;fäokpd½
2. Common Noun ¼tkfrokpd½
3. Collective Noun ¼lewgokpd½
4. Material Noun ¼æO;okpd½
5. Abstract Noun ¼Òkookpd½
Rule 1
dqN Nouns dk Á;¨x ges’kk Plural form esa gh g¨rk gSaA bu Nouns ds var esa Ykxs 'S' d¨
gVkdj] bUgsaa Singular ugÈ cuk;k tk ldrk gSaA ;s fn[kus esa Òh Plural Ykxrs gS] budk
Á;¨x Òh Plural dh rjg gksrk gSA tSls Scissors, tongs ¼fpeVk½, pliers ¼lj¨rk fpeVk½]
pincers ¼fpeVh½] bellows ¼Qw¡duh½, trousers, pants, pajamas, shorts, gallows ¼Qk¡lh
dk Qank½, spectacles, goggles, binoculars ¼nwjchu½ Alms, ¼nku½, Congratulations,
embers ¼jk[k½, Savings, Valuables, wages etc. tSls %&
(a) Where are my pants ?
(b) Where are the tongs ?
(c) Alms are given to the beggars.
Rule 2
Wages dk Á;ksx Singular ,oa Plural n¨u¨a forms esa fd;k tk ldrk gSaA fuEufYkf[kr
okD;¨a d¨ ns[ks&
a
etnqjh Plural Wages are paid in cash
Wages ifj.kke Singular Wages of hard work is sweet
.
Rule 3
dqN Nouns fn[kus esa Plural Ykxrs gS Y¨fdu vFkZ esa Singular g¨rs gSaA budk Á;¨x ges’kk
Singular esa gh g¨rk gSaA tSls News, Innings, Politics, Summons ¼cqYkkok - tSls
U;k;kYk; ls½, Physics, Economics, Ethics, Mathematics, Mumps ¼duiM+k/ xYklqvk½
, Measles, ¼[kljk½, Rickets ¼lq[kk jksx½ , Shingles ¼nkn½, Billiards, Athletics, Civics,
Linguistics ¼Hkk"kk dk v/;;u½ , etc.
(a) No news is good news.
(b) Economics is an interesting subject.
Rule 4
dqN Nouns fn[kus esa Singular Ykxrs gSa] Y¨fdu budk Á;¨x ges'kk Plural esa g¨rk gSaA tSls
Cattle, cavalry ¼?kqM+lokj] Q©t½] Infantry, Poultry ¼eqxÊikYku½] Peasantry
¼Ñf"k½]Children, gentry ¼lekUr dqYkhu oxZ½] Police ,oa People buds lkFk dÒh Òh 'S'
ugÈ Ykxk;k tkrk] tSls %&cattles, Childerns fYk[kuk xYkr gSaA
(a) Cattle are grazing in the field.
(b) Police have arrested the thieves.
Rule 5
dqN Nouns dk Á;¨x] dsoYk Singular form esa gh fd;k tkrk gSaA ;s Uncountable
Nouns gSaA buds lkFk Article A/An dk Á;¨x Òh ugÈ fd;k tkrk gSaA tSls&
Scenery, poetry, Furniture Advice, Information, Hair, Business, Mischeif,
Bread, Stationery, Crokery, Luggage, Baggage, Postage, Knowledge, Wastage,
Jewellery, Breakage, Equipment, Work, (Work dk vFkZ gSa lkfgR; Y¨[k½ Evidence,
Word ¼tc dk vFkZ okn] lans'k ;k ifjppkZ g¨½ , Fuel, ,oa Cost. tSls %&
(a) The Scenery of Kashmir is very charming.
(b) I have no information about her residence.
u¨V %&
(a) He gave me a piece of information.
(b) All pieces of information given by her were realiable.
Rule 6
dqN Nouns Plural ,oa Singular nksua ¨a esa ,d gh :i esa jgrs gSaA tSls %&deer, sheep,
series, species, fish, crew, team, jury, aircraft, counsel etc.
tSls %&
(a) Our team is the best.
(b) Our team are trying their new uniform.
Rule 7
;fn fdlh Noun ds ckn Preposition dk Á;¨x g¨ v©j fQj ogh Noun repeat g¨ r¨ og
Noun Singular form esa g¨uk pkfg,A tSls %&
(a)Town after town was devastated.
(b) Row upon row of marble looks beautiful.
Rule 8
dqN Nouns dk iz;ksx yksx cksy&pkYk dh Òk"kk esa djrs gSa Y¨fdu okLro esa mudk Á;¨x
djuk fcYdqYk xYkr g¨rk gSaA
mnkgj.k % xYkr Á;¨x lgh Á;¨x
1. Cousin brother Cousin
or
Cousin Sister
2. Pickpocketer Pickpocket
3. Good name Name
4. Big/small blunder Blunder (Blunder dk vFkZ g¨rk gSa cM+h ÒwYkA vr% big dk Á;¨x
xYkr gSaA
5. Strong breeze Strong wind (Breeze ges'kk light ,oa gentle gksrk gSa )
6. Bad dream Nightmare
7. Proudy Proud
fuEufyf[kr Nouns eaas Hkh gesa Confusion jgrk gSaA
1. Floor Ground
Q'kZ tehu
2. Skills Talent
lh[k dj ÁkIr djrs gSa Inborn ¼tUe ls g¨rk gSa½
3. Envy Jealously bZ";k tks viuh phtksa ds [kksus ds Mj ls gks
Rule 9
Noun Gender
Gender d¨ pkj Òkx¨a esa foÒkftr fd;k x;k gSa
1. Masculine Gender ¼iqfYYkax½ % ,sls Noun t¨ Male sex d¨ O;ä djrs gSa] Masculine
Gender dgYkkrs gSa] tSls %&Tiger, Father, Sun.
2. Feminine Gender ¼óhfYkax½ % ,sls Noun t¨ Female sex d¨ O;ä djrs gSa] Feminine
Gender dgYkkrs gSa] tSls %& Tigress, Woman, Mother Sister, Nature.
3. Common Gender ¼mÒ;fYkax½ % ,sls Noun t¨ óh ,oa iq#"k n¨u¨a ds fYk, Á;qä g¨rs gSa]
Common Gender dgYkkrs gSa] tSls %& Child, Teacher, Servant, Student.
4. Neuter Gender ¼uiqaldfYkax½ % ,sls Noun t¨ futÊo oLrqv¨a d¨ O;ä djrs gSa t¨ u
male gSa vkSj u gh female gSa] Neuter Gender dgYkkrs gSa] tSls %& Copy, Book, Room,
Paper.
Rule 10
dqN Cases esa Masculine Noun ds ckn ‘ess’ Ykxkus ls Feminine Noun cuk;k tk
ldrk gSaA tSls %&
Masculine Feminine
Author ¼Y¨[kd½ Authoress
Host ¼estcku½ Hostess
Jew Jewess
Mayor Mayoress
Poet ¼dfo½ Poetess
Tutor Tutoress
Shepherd ¼xM+fs M+;k½ Shepherdess
Giant ¼nkuo½ Giantess
Heir¼mÙkjkf/kdkjh½ Heiress
Lion Lioness
Priest ¼iqtkjh½ Priestess
Tailor ¼ntʽ Tailoress
Rule 11
dqN Cases esa Masculine Noun ds vafre Vowel ,oa mlds igY¨ vkus okY¨
Consonant d¨ gVkdj t¨M+us ‘ess’ tksM+us ls Òh Faminine Noun cu tkrk gSaA tSls %&
Masculine Feminine
Actor Actress
Benefactor ¼midkj djus okyk½ Benefactress
Hunter ¼f'kdjh½ Huntress
Prince ¼jktdqekj½ Princess
Waiter Waitress
Ambassador Ambassadress
Director Directress
Negro Negress
Tiger Tigress
Rule 12
dqN Cases esa Compound Masculine Noun ds First vFkok Second 'kCn esa dqN
ifjorZu fd;s tkrk gSaA tSls %&
Masculine Feminine
Men-servant Maid-servant
Washerman Washerwoman
Brother-in-Law Sister-in-Law
Bull-calf Cow-calf
Headmaster Headmistress
Milkman Milkmaid
Peacock peahen
Landlord Landlady
Father-in-Law Mother-in-Law
Step -Father Step -Mother
He-goat She-goat
Rule 13
Compound noun esa eq[; 'kCn ds lkFk ‘S’ yxkus ij mldk Plural cu tkrk gSa tSls%&
Singular Plural
Brother-in-Law Brother-in-laws
Commander-in-chief Commanders-in-chief
Step-daughter Step-daughters
Maid-servant Maid-servants
Member of Parliament Members of Parliament
Man hater Man haters
Woman lover Woman lovers
Man lover Man lovers
Rule 14
fuEu Nouns ,sls gSa ftudk Plural cukus ds fYk, Inside Vowels esa ifjorZu djrs gSaA
Singular Plural
Man Men
Foot Feet
Mouse Mice
Goose Geese
Woman Women
Tooth Teeth
Louse Lice
Oasis Oases
Rule 15
Common Gender Nouns tSls % Teacher, student, child, clerk, advocate, worker,
writer, leader, musician etc. ,sls nouns gSa ftudk Á;ksx male ,oa female n¨u¨a ds fYk,
fd;k tkrk gSaA bUgsa Dual Gender Òh dgk tkrk gSaA tc bl rjg ds Noun dk Á;¨x
Singular esa fd;k tkrk gSa r¨ lkekU;r% his/her dk Á;¨x fd;k tkrk gSaA tSls %
(a) Every leader should perform his duty.
(b) A teacher should perform his duty sincerely.
Rule 16
NOUN ds lkFk OF/APOSTROPHE dk iz;ksx
Apostrophe dk iz;ksx Possessive case ds fy, thfor oLrq ds lkFk fd;k tkrk gS
tSls
(a) Mohan's book
(b) a cow's horn
(c) a woman's purse
;fn Plural 'kCn dk vfUre v{kj 's' gS rks apostrophe dk iz;ksx djrs le; 's' ugha
yxkrs] dsoy apostrophe (') sign dk gh iz;ksx djrs gSA
(a) Boys' college
(b) Girls' school
(c) Working women's hostel
tc Noun flLdkj /ofu (hissing sound) ls [kRe gks esa Hkh 's' ugha yxrk gSA for
peace' sake, for conscience' sake, for goodness' sake, for Jesus' sake,
Ganesh' book, uksV & God's sake.
fuEu titles ds lkFk apostrophe vfUre 'kCn ds lkFk gh yxkrs gSA tSls %
(a) Commander-in-chief's orders.
(b) My son-in-law's sister
futhZo oLrq ds lkFk 's' dk iz;ksx ugha djrs gSa 'Of' dk iz;ksx djrs gSA tSls %
(a) Table's leg ds LFkku ij Leg of table dk iz;ksx djsA
tc fdlh futhZo dk ekuoh;dj.k (Personification) fd;k tk,A tSls %
(a) Sun's fury
(b) Nature's love
dqN Phrases ds lkFk tSls %
(a) at one's wit's end
(b) at a stone's throw
HkkSxksfyd fi.M ds lkFk tSls %
(a) Earth's atmosphere.
(b) Nature's love
'Double apostrophe' dk iz;ksx u djsAa tSls %
(a) My wife's secretary's mother has expired (×)
bldh txg gesa fy[kuk pkfg,aA
The mother of my wife's secretary has expired.
anybody/ Nobody/ Everybody/ somebody/ Anyone/ someone/ Noone/ everyone
ds lkFk apostrophe dk iz;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA tSls %
(a) Everyone's concern is noone's concern.
Note - ;fn blds lkFk else dk iz;ksx gksrks apostrophe dks else ds lkFk yxkrs gSA tSls
(a) I obey your orders and nobody else's
