VERB ADVANCE

ENGLISH Class Notes

VOICE

 
Active Voice Passive Voice
Verb dk og :i Voice dgykrk gS ftlls irk pyrk gS fd Object dksbZ dke djrk gS ;k Object ij dksbZ dke gksrk gSaA
Use of Passive Voice
1- ;fn okD; esa Subject uk gksA
tSls % A thief was caught.
2- 'Object' T;knk Important gks ;k tc fØ;k [kqn ugh gksrh cfYd mls fd;k tkrk gSA
tSls % Tea is grown in Assam.

Rules of changing the voice

1. Active voice okys okD; dks passive voice esa cukrs le; ml okD; ds 'subject' dks 'object' esa vkSj 'object' dks 'subject' esa cnyk tkrk
gSA
2. Subject ¼u;k object½ ds igys 'By' dk use tkrk gSA
3. Passive voice esa ges'kk verb dh 3rd form dk use fd;k tkrk gSA
4. Tense fu;e vuqlkj (according to rules) change gksrs gSaA
Active Voice :- He helps me
Passive Voice :- I am helped by him

INDEFINITE TENSE
Active Voice Passive Voice
Present Ind. Tense  Sub + v1/s,es + obj Obj + is/am/are + v3 + by + sub.
Eg : I Speak English English is spoken by me.
Past Ind.  Sub + v2 + obj Obj + was/were + v3 + by + sub
Eg : He wrote a letter A letter was written by him.
Future Ind.  Sub + will/shall + v1 + obj Obj + will/shall + "Be" + v3 + by + sub
Eg : She will help me I shall be helped by her

CONTINUOUS TENSE
Active Voice Passive Voice
Present Cont. Tense  Sub + is/am/are + ving + obj Obj + is/am/are + being + v3 + by + sub
Eg : She is singing a song A song is being sung by her.
Past Cont.  Sub + was/were + ving + obj Obj + was/were + being + v3 + by + sub
Eg : They were doing their work Their work was being done by them.
Future Cont.  Sub + will/shall + be + ving+ obj No change

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PERFECT TENSE
Active Voice Passive Voice

Present Perfect Tense  Sub + has/have + v3 + obj Obj + has/have + been + v3 + by + sub
Eg : He has helped me I have been helped by me

Past Perfect Tense.  Sub + had + v3 + obj Obj + had + been + v3 + by + sub
Eg : She had performed a dance A dance had been performed by her.

Future Perfect Tense  Sub + will/shall + have + v3 Obj + will/shall + have + been + v3 + by + sub
Note :- "Perfect Continuous Tense"
+ obj Passive Voice
Eg : They will have invited me I shall have been invited by them

MODAL
Active Voice Passive Voice

Sub + Modal + v1 + obj Obj + Modal + be + v3 + by + sub

Eg : I can't do this work This work can't be done by me

Sub + Modal + Have + v3 + obj Obj + Modal + Have + Been + v3 + by + sub

Eg : They could have saved him He could have been saved by them.

Interrogative sentence tSls %

Active voice : Who is baking cakes ?
Rule 1 Passive voice : Who are cakes being baked by ?
Yes/No dk Passive cukrs le; Hkh Helping verb dks subject Or
ds igys j[kuk gksrk gSaA By whom are cakes being baked?
tSls %
Active voice : Has she finished the work ?
Passive voice : Has the work been finished by her?
Imperative sentence
Rule 2 Rule 1
Yes/No questions dk passive cukdj mlds igys Interrogative ;fn okD; esa "object" gks rks
words tksM nsus ls wh question cu tkrk gSA Passive voice - Let + obj + be + v3
tSls % tSls %
Active voice : When has she finished the work? Active Voice - Call the police
Passive voice : When has the work been finished by her? Passive Voice - Let the police be called
Note : - ysfdu "who" ;k "whom" ls 'kq: gksus okys question ds Rule 2
passive dks ns[ksa & ;fn okD; esa "object" uk gks rks
tSls % Passive voice -
Active voice : Who sang a song ?
Passive voice : Who was a song sung by ? you are ordered / requested + to + v1..............
Or tSls %
By whom was a song sung?
Active Voice- Go away

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 Passive Voice - You are ordered to go away Rule 4
tSls %
Active Voice - Please come in dHkh&dHkh Imperative sentence "Let" ls Hkh 'kq: gksrk gS
Passive Voice - You are requested to come in tSls
Rule 3
Active voice - Let + (objective case) + verb + obj
;fn okD; esa "object" gks ysfdu dksbZ advice ;k moral suggestion
fn;k x;k gS rks Passive voice - Let + object + be + v3 + by + sub
Passive voice - obj + should + be + v3 tSls %
tSls %
Active Voice - Let me teach the students.
Active Voice - Obey your parents.
Passive Voice - Your parents should be obeyed. Passive Voice - Let the students be taught by me.

INFINITIVE (to + v1)

Active Voice Passive Voice

* Sub + is/am/are/was/were + to + v1 + obj Obj + is/am/are/was/were + to + be + v3 + by + obj

Eg : He is to do this work This work is to be done by him
She was to help you You were to be helped by her
* Sub + has/have/had/will have/ shall have + to + v1 + Obj + has/have/had/will have/ shall have + to + be
Object + v3 + by + obj
Eg : You have to perform this task This task has to be performed by you
She had to write a letter A letter had to be written by her
I shall have to invite him He will have to be invited by me

Rules related to voice Active voice - I know you

Rule 1 Passive voice - You are known to me
;fn Active voice esa verb ds ckn fdlh preposition dk use gks Active voice - He is annoying me
rks passive voice esa Hkh verb ds ckn ogh preposition dk use Passive voice - I am being annoyed with him.
gksrk gSA Rule - 3
tSls % ;fn passive voice esa 'by' ds ckn one, someone, nobody,
Active voice - He laughed at me.
Passive voice - I was laughed at by him. police, judge, people etc vk, rks normally mUgsa gVk fn;k tkrk

Rule 2
gSA
dqN verbs ds lkFk preposition fix gksrh gS tSls
tSls % known to, surprised at, vexed at, amazed at, annoyed Active voice - Someone has slapped him.
with somebody, annoyed at something, contained in, Passive voice - He has been slapped.
engulfed in, decorated with, filled with, tired of
tSls %

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