GECC 6
ZABALA
OKAMOTO
SAJILI
GUITAR
A report on the six-stringed musical
instrument.
LESSON OBJECTIVE:
To be able to learn the basics of guitar.
To be able to understand basic Music Theory.
To be able to learn and play the guitar.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. What is a Guitar 2. Basic Music Theory
-Brief History of Guitar - Notes and Pitch
-Parts of a Guitar (Guitar Anatomy) -Natural notes and Accidental Notes
-Types of Guitar -What is a Chord
-Other equipment associated with Guitar -Chord Progression
-Tuning a Guitar
3. Playing Chords
-How to read Chord Charts
-Basic Chords (C, D, A, G, Em, Am, F)
-How to read Tablature
-Strumming Pattern
itar?
a Gu
at is
1. Wh Plucked stringed musical instrument that probably originated
in Spain early in the 16th Century, deriving from the
Guitarra Latina, a late-medieval instrument with a waisted
body and 4 strings. The early guitar was narrower and
deeper than the modern guitar, with a less pronounced waist.
It was closely related to the Vihuela, the guitar-shaped
instrument played in Spain in place of the lute.
The guitar originally had four courses of strings, three
double, the top course single. In the belly was a circular
sound hole, often ornamented with a carved wooden rose.
The 16th-century guitar was tuned C–F–A–D,
Guitarra Latina
1.1 Parts of a Guitar
A guitar is a beautiful and
versatile musical instrument, year
after year it captures countless
musicians and music lovers. To
truly appreciate and master this
instrument, it’s important to
understand its different parts and
how they work together.
A. Headstock
Situated at the end of the neck, the headstock
plays a vital role in maintaining the tension and
tuning of the strings. It holds the tuning pegs,
which are used to adjust the tension of the
strings and achieve the desired pitch. The
headstock’s design can vary, and it often
showcases the brand logo or name of the
guitar.
B. THE NECK
The neck is the long, slender part of the guitar
that connects the headstock and the body. It is
typically crafted from wood and varies in length,
width, and shape. The neck houses the fretboard,
where the player presses the strings to produce
different notes. Understanding the neck’s
construction and characteristics is crucial for a
comfortable playing experience.
C. TUNING PEGS
Tuning pegs, also known as machine heads, are
located on the headstock. These small, cylindrical
components allow you to adjust the tension of each
string individually. By turning the pegs clockwise or
counterclockwise, you can raise or lower the pitch
of the strings to achieve the desired tuning.
Proper tuning is essential for producing pleasing
and accurate sounds.
D. FRETBOARD
The fretboard, also sometimes referred to as a fingerboard, is a flat surface attached to
the neck, usually made of wood. It is divided into sections called frets, which determine the
pitch of the notes produced when the strings are pressed against them.
Typically, on the fretboard, there will be inlays or position marks usually found on the 3rd,
5th, 7th, 9th, and 12th frets. By pressing the strings against different frets, guitarists
can produce a wide range of musical notes and create melodies and chords.
E. BODY
The body of a guitar is the main
resonating chamber that amplifies the
sound produced by the strings. It
comes in various shapes and sizes,
such as dreadnought, concert, or
electric guitar bodies. The body’s
construction and materials greatly
influence the instrument’s tonal
qualities and overall sound projection.
F. SOUNDHOLE
(ACOUSTIC GUITAR)
In acoustic guitars, the body features
a soundhole. This circular opening
allows the sound to escape and
resonate, enhancing the instrument’s
volume and tonal characteristics. The
size and placement of the soundhole
contribute to the guitar’s unique
sound and projection.
G. PICKUPS
(ELECTRIC GUITAR) Unlike acoustic guitars, Electric
Guitars have pickups. These
electromagnetic devices are usually
located beneath the strings and
convert the string vibrations into
electrical signals. The signals are
then sent to an amplifier, which
produces a louder sound. The type
and configuration of pickups greatly
impact the electric guitar’s tonal
palette and versatility.
H. PICKUP SELECTOR
(ELECTRIC GUITAR)
Used to switch between which
pickups to use and/or a combination
of different pickups
I. VOLUME & TONE KNOBS
(ELECTRIC GUITAR)
Volume knob is used to adjust
the loudness of the guitar.
Tone knobs are used to adjust
the sound of the guitar.
J. BRIDGE
(ELECTRIC GUITAR & ACOUSTIC GUITAR)
Holds the strings in place and allows it to
connect to the tuning pegs on the
headstock
K. INPUT JACK
(ELECTRIC GUITAR & ACOUSTIC ELECTRIC GUITAR)
Where the guitar cable/wire is
inserted to be connected to an
amplifier
1.2 TYPES OF GUITAR
The word 'guitar' means something
different for everyone. It could be the
roar of a Les Paul electric through a
Marshall Guitar Amp, the delicate
fingerpicking of a seasoned classical
player, or the resonant strum of a steel-
string acoustic around a campfire.
T I C An acoustic pumps out a sound fueled by its
U S
C O dimensions and body woods. That means you
. A
A need to know what tone you want before you
buy this type of guitar.
IC -
S T
C O U
. 1 . A R I C
A E C T
E L
An acoustic-electric (aka
electro-acoustic) is basically a
regular acoustic guitar that
you can plug into a guitar amp.
Most if not all guitarists got their
start on a classical. They’re perfect
for kids to learn on because they can
be inexpensive and come in 1/2, 3/4
and 4/4, aka full-size, er, sizes. The
low tension nylon strings are easier
on the fingers than the callous-
A .2 .
NYLO causing steel examples loaded onto
N-S T acoustic and electric guitars.
CL A S R IN G
S I CA
L
A resonator guitar or resophonic guitar is an
acoustic guitar that produces sound by
carrying string vibration through the bridge
to one or more spun metal cones
(resonators), instead of to the sound board
(guitar top). Resonator guitars were
originally designed to be louder than regular
acoustic guitars, which were overwhelmed by
horns and percussion instruments in dance
orchestras.
A .3 .
R ESO
NA TO
R
B. E
L EC
TR IC
An electric guitar is structured from a wooden
body with parts such as a pickup installed and
strung with steel strings. If played without
amplification the volume of the sound is low, so
a device is used to electrically amplify the sound.
The bodies of these guitars are treated to look
like metal or plastic and are often quite colorful,
so some people may not realize that the
instruments are actually made from wood.
A CO B .1 . S
UST EM I-
IC/ S
EM I-
Semi-hollowbody guitars have the two bouts
of the electric guitar hollowed out, often with
HOL
F-holes or other types of soundholes to allow LO W
airflow, and a solid center block running
through the center of the body.
Semi-hollow electric guitars feature a
wooden centre block to mount pickups. This
eliminates the feedback felt by a fully hollow
guitar. Semi-hollows are therefore better
equipped for music requiring overdrive or
distortion.
D Y
B O
-
Sonically, solid-body guitars tend to have the most
L ID sustain of the three body types, since the density
S O
. 2 . of the wood contributes to the sustain. The denser
B Stratocaster Telecaster
wood also makes solid-body guitars more resistant
to feedback from the pickups and results in a
tighter, or more focused, low end.
One of the most popular choices of solid-body
guitars are either the Stratocaster or the
Telecaster. Its main difference is that Strats
have a 5 way pick-up selector while the Tele
only has 3, which greatly differentiates the
tone and style of music it is suited for.
D Y
B O
O W
L L Hollowbody electric guitars have even more
H O
.
acoustic tone than semi-hollowbody
B . 3 guitars, which is evident by how loud and
present they sound when you strum them
unelectrified. They have the boomiest low
end and the least sustain and are most
susceptible to wild feedback.
These guitars are often known as “jazz box” guitars
because jazz players tend to love their warm, round tone
and aren’t bothered by how uncontrollable they can get
with high gain.
A bass guitar is a plucked string instrument built
in the style of an electric guitar but producing
lower frequencies. It produces sound when its
metal bass strings vibrate over one or more
magnetic pickups. The pickups then transmit a
signal, via instrument cable, into an amplifier.
The majority of bass guitars have four strings,
but five-string, six-string, seven-string, and
eight-string models are favored by certain
C.
players.
BA
SS
1.3 OTHER EQUIPMENTS
Just like any builder, artist or chef, there is a basic set of tools
that a guitarist needs to be successful.
A.
GU
ITA
A device that measures the frequencies produced by R TU
NE
vibrating strings on an electric guitar or an acoustic
guitar. It then aligns those measurements with notes
R
in a scale. If the frequencies match a particular note,
the tuner will display the name of that note on an LED
display.
*There are also tuners for Bass Guitars
B.
GU
ITA
Guitar straps comfortably secure your
R ST
RA
instrument around your neck and shoulders,
allowing you to play while standing. Straps P
can make your instrument feel lighter than
it is and are essential for performers and
useful for jamming with other people.
Straps come in a variety of materials and designs, so
what you choose is up to you. Just go into the decision
with comfort on the top of your mind. Two inches in
width is a good starting point, and maybe look for
something with padding that will ease the strain on your
neck and shoulder.
GS
IN a string made of a particular material, typically, gut,
TR
S nylon or steel, which is spanned over a wooden
RA
T
instrument or an instrument which has magnetic or
EX piezoelectric pickups. The purpose of the string is to
C. vibrate and produce a particular musical note.
Generally, electric guitars will take nickel strings
(versatily, clear and articulate) or stainles steel
strings (bright and less prone to wear), while
acoustic guitars want to have 80/20 bronze strings
(bright and metallic) or phosphor bronze strings
(dark and mellow). Also, start with a lighter gauge
that will produce less tension, making them easier for
beginners to work with.
KS
IC
P A guitar pick is a plectrum used for
AR guitars. Picks are generally made of one
IT
U
uniform material, such as some kind of
. G plastic, rubber, felt, tortoiseshell, wood,
D metal, glass, tagua, thermosetting plastic
or stone.
Typically, thicker, stiffer picks offer more
control, where thinner picks work well for
strumming.
A capo is a device a musician uses on the neck of a stringed
instrument to transpose and shorten the playable length of
the strings—hence raising the pitch. It is a common tool for
players of guitars, mandolins, mandolas, banjos, ukuleles and
bouzoukis.
As your skills as a guitarist progress beyond basic
chords, a capo can assist you in playing songs in
different keys while still using first-position open-
string chord forms. You can place it on any fret and
E.
CA play more advanced songs while still using familiar
PO chord shapes.
A significant item that protects your
precious musical instrument from shocks,
rain and wind, and sunlight. Choosing a
suitable case for your guitar will make it
easier to carry, and it will also protect
your guitar from damage caused by
sudden changes in temperature and
humidity.
F.
CA A soft gig bag are mostly inexpensive and offer excellent
SE
/G
mobility, while a hard case gives you the best defense against
IG the elements (including the human element), even if they are
BA pricier.
G
G.
GU
ITA
A guitar cable is an instrument
cable that carries an audio signal
RC
from your guitar to another device AB
such as an amplifier, pedal, tuner, or LE
pre-amp.
It's worth noting that some cables have straight connection
plugs and some have L-shaped connectors. If your guitar's
output jack is recessed into the body, as with a
Stratocaster, a straight plug will fit best. If it is on the
face of the guitar's body or on the lower end, like with
Telecaster, an L-shaped plug might fit better, even though
you can still use a straight plug in those cases.
H.
GU
ITA
Guitar stands are sturdy, and they
RS
will be able to securely hold your
TA
guitar upright without allowing it
to slide around. The parts of a
ND
guitar stand that are in contact
with your guitar are also padded so
they don't cause any damage.
In conclusion, a guitar stand is a simple yet
essential accessory for any guitarist and a
preservation for your beloved instrument.
I. GUITAR HUMIDIFIER
For acoustic players (or an electric player living in very
dry conditions), a humidifier can combat the effects of
fluctuating weather. Guitars are made of wood, which
"breathes" as temperatures and humidity change, not
just when moving them from a hot car to a cold room,
but also within the confines of your home. That can lead
to cracking and warping, fret sprout, fret buzz and
more headaches.
The Humidifier safely releases
moisture evenly to eliminate *Guitar case humidifiers sit in the actual
guitar case to keep the case regulated.
potential problems such as warping,
shrinking and, worse yet, cracking.
J. GUITAR CLEANERS
You want to keep your gutiar looking fresh, so it is smart to have a
few cleaning accessories close by, like a microfiber cloth and polish to
increase the luster and longevitiy of the finish.
K. GUITAR TOOLS
If you have designs on being a tinkerer, or you just want to keep
your guitar in working order, there are some basic items to have
at your disposal. You could pick up a ready-made kit complete with
a screwdriver, a hex adapter for truss rod adjustment, telescopic
adjustment mirror, ruler, diagonal cutter, feeler gauges and string
winder, or just amass your own kit as you see fit.
1.4 TUNING A GUITAR
Before playing a guitar, you
must first ensure that the
guitar is in tune.
To tune a guitar, you can either do it by
ear or by using a guitar tuner (either a
physical tuner or a phone app can work)
The standard tuning of a guitar is
Electric Acoustic
E A D G B E The numbers correspond to the indicated
string, the 6th string being the thickest
6th 5th 4th 3rd 2nd 1st
and the 1st string being the thinnest.
PART 2
Music Theory
Notes and Pitch
Chords
Chord Progression
PART 2
Music Theory
Is a field of study that analyzes the
fundamental aspects that govern
our understanding of music.
PART 2 Music Theory
What are Notes?
Notes are specific, distinct and isolated sounds that are
used as the building blocks of music.
There are two main types of notes, Natural Notes and
Accidental Notes
What is Pitch?
Pitch describes how high or low a sound is.
PART 2 Music Theory
What are Notes?
First we have Natural Notes, which are the most basic
type of notes. There are seven of them.
A B C D E F G
PART 2 Music Theory
What are Notes?
Second, we have Accidental Notes, which are the notes in
between the Natural notes. There are five of them.
A# C# D# F# G#
A B C D E F G
PART 2 Music Theory
What are Notes?
Notice how there is a pound sign (#) after these notes,
these notes are called sharps, which are notes that at a
slightly higher pitch than the one before it.
A# C# D# F# G#
A B C D E F G
Note: There are no B# and E#.
PART 2 Music Theory
What are Notes?
Now we have notes that has a lower case b, these notes
are called flats, which are notes that at a slightly lower
pitch than the one after it.
Ab Bb Db Eb Gb
A B C D E F G
Note: There are no Cb and Fb.
PART 2 Music Theory
What are Notes?
Sharps and Flats are essentially the same and they are
both accidental notes. The reason they exist is to signify
when the music’s pitch is going higher (using sharp) or
going lower (using flats)
A# C# D# F# G#
A B C D E F G
Ab Bb Db Eb Gb
PART 2 Music Theory
What are Notes?
For easier learning, we will only use sharps going forward.
So essentially, these 12 notes are ones that make up music.
A - A# - B - C - C# - D - D# - E - F - F# - G - G#
PART 2 Music Theory
What are Chords?
Chords are sounds that are made of three or more notes
played at the same time.
Notes in the A major chord:
A Major
1=E
2=A
3 = C#
PART 2 Music Theory
What are Chords?
There are more than ten different kinds of chords, but the
two main ones are Major chords and Minor chords
A Major A Minor
PART 2 Music Theory
What are Chords?
In simple terms, Major chords tend to sound happy while
Minor chords tend to sound sad, this is due to the chord’s
specific combination of notes.
A Major A Minor
PART 2 Music Theory
What are Chords Progressions?
Chord progressions is a series of chords, usually four, which
is played in a sequence. Chord progressions are what defines
songs and how they are played.
Example: E major - Bsus2 - C# minor - Esus
Part 3:
PLAYING CHORDS
How To
Read
Chord Charts
BASIC
GUITAR CHORDS
BASIC
GUITAR CHORDS
How To
Read
Tablatures
5 Types of
Strumming:
(For Beginners)
BEFORE
THAT🤚
In Strumming, you
will always
encounter
these symbols.
5 Types of
Strumming:
(For Beginners)
ALL DOWNSTROKE
STRUMMING
DOWN AND UP
STROKES
MUTED STRUM
PATTERN
STRUMMING WITH
REST
COMPLEX REST
PATTERN
THX 4 LISTENING
(guitarist na ta lol)
Extra Material:
List of guitar chords
List of ukulele chords
Tablature Reading
Practice
A Am A7 C C7
D Dm D7 E Em E7
G G7
Semi-final Exam
Chords
Ukulele
Chords
Tabs Reading Practice
