Aim

Aim
To know about volcanoes and where in the world they can be found.

Success Criteria
Success Criteria
Statement
To describe1 the
Lorem ipsumofdolor
structure sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
a volcano.
Statement 2
To locate some of the major volcanoes on a world map.
Sub statement
 Where Does the Word ‘Volcano’
Come
Have you ever thought From?
about why volcanoes are actually called
'volcanoes'? Can you think of a reason why?

The word 'volcano' comes from The island

the island ‘Vulcano’, which is a actually gets its
volcanic island in Italy. name from the
Roman god of
fire – Vulcan.

Vulcano, Italy.
 The Roman God of Fire
Roman mythology says that Vulcan lived in a volcano. As well as being
the god of fire, he made many weapons and forged them using metal
and fire. He was a very skilled blacksmith.

Romans believed that if

Vulcan was made angry, the
volcano would erupt. So they
tried their best to please him
and not anger him.

Forged: to have made or

Click
shapedon athe
metal in bold
wordobject to
using
findaout
firewhat
or furnace.
it means!
 What Is Our Earth Made Of?
Click on the circles to revealThe
the Outer
information.
Core
The outer core is a liquid layer
made out of molten iron and nickel.
This liquid metal creates the earth's
magnetic field.
+
× +
×

The Mantle
×
+ The Crust
This is the outer layer of the
The mantle is approximately
2897km thick and is made of a
×
+ earth. It varies in thickness
from 0 – 60km thick. It is not
solid, rocky substance called even and is made up of
molten rock or magma. This is what pieces which overlap to
escapes when a volcano erupts. cover the entire planet.
These pieces are called
The Inner Core
‘tectonic plates’.
This is a solid layer and is made of
iron and nickel. It is the hottest part
of the earth and can reach
temperatures of up to 5500ºC!
Where Are Most Volcanoes Located?
The ‘Ring of Fire’
is an area of the
Pacific Ocean that
is shaped like a
horseshoe. It is
home to 90% of
the world's
earthquakes and It contains a string
75% of the world's of 452 volcanoes,
volcanoes. which stretches
from the southern
tip of South
America, up along
the coast of North
America, down
through Japan, and
into New Zealand.
 How Are Volcanoes Formed?
Deep in the earth, it is extremely hot. It is so hot, in fact, that rocks actually
melt and form magma, which makes up the mantle of the earth.

The upper mantle mixes and moves,

which creates pressure underneath
the crust. This pressure can
sometimes cause the mantleto leak
out onto thesurface of the earth–
this is avolcano!

Over time, as this magma leaks out,

the volcano will get biggerand
bigger.
 The Three Stages of Volcanoes
Scientists have placed volcanoes in to three different categories.What do
you think each one is?

Active
An active volcano is one that has erupted recently, and there is the
possibility that it may erupt again.

Dormant
A dormant volcano is one that has not erupted for a long time, however, it
may still erupt in the future.

Extinct
An extinct volcano is one which has erupted
thousands of years ago, but it will
probably never erupt again.
 Why Do Volcanoes Erupt?
We know that the earth's crust is made up of huge slabs called tectonic
plates. These fit together like a jigsaw puzzle and they sometimes move.

The movement causes

friction which causes
earthquakes and volcanic
eruptions near the edges of the
plates. The theory that explains
this process is called ‘plate
tectonics’ – this means the
plates are moving in different
directions and at different
speeds. Sometimes they collide
or brush past each other and
Friction: the resistance created cause these earthquakes and
Click one
when on the in bold to
word rubsagainst
surface volcanic eruptions.
find outanother.
what it means!
 What Are the Different Parts of a
Click on each label to find out more. Click again to remove.
Volcano?
vent ash
cloud
An opening in the A cloud of ash. It is
crater
surface of the Earth formed by volcanic
through which volcanic explosions The mouth of a volcano.
materials, such as It surrounds the vent.
magma, can escape. throat

condui The entrance of a

t volcano. It ejects lava
An underground A large underground pool and volcanic ash.
passage which magma of liquid rock found
travels through. beneath the surface of
the Earth.

magma
reservoir
 How Many Volcanoes Are There?
There are more than 1500 active volcanoes on Earth. There are also
more than 80 volcanoes under the ocean, although these are just the
ones that have been discovered.
 What Types of Volcano Are There?
Mount St. Helens in Washington, USA is a composite volcano.

Composite Volcanoes
These volcanoes are steep-sided volcanoes and are made up of lots of
layers of volcanic rocks. They usually erupt in an explosive way because
the magma in these volcanoes is quite sticky. It clogs up the passage that
it has to pass through. Pressure is built inside the volcanic chamber and
this results in the volcano erupting violently.
 What Types of Volcano Are There?
Sunset Crater in Arizona, USA is a cinder cone.

Cinder Cones
Cinder cones are circular or oval cones. They are made up of small
fragments of lava, which are blown into the air through a single vent.
When they cool down, they form rock around the vent. They grow quickly,
but are not usually very big. They are not usually
dangerous either.
 What Types of Volcano Are There?
Shield Volcanoes like this one in Hawaii are common in this part of the world.

Shield Volcanoes
Shield volcanoes are bowl or shield-shaped in the middle. When they
erupt, the lava is quite runny and it travels long distances down the side
of the volcano before it cools down. This lava forms long, gentle slopes
that look like a warrior's shield, which is how they got their name. These
volcanoes do not often explode.
 More Volcano Facts
What is the difference What is a ‘pyroclastic
between magma and lava? flow’?
Magma is liquid rock inside a This is the most deadly of all
volcano. Lava is the name for volcano activities.
liquid rock that has flowed out of a It is a liquidised mixture of solid
volcano. Lava takes a long time to and part-solid fragments and hot,
cool down as it is not a good expanding gases.
heat conductor. As a lava flow They look like a snow avalanche
cools down, it gets slower and but are extremely hot and contain
thicker. poisonous gases. They move at
the speed of a hurricane.
Heat Conductor:
Click on the
something word
which can
in bold to find
transfer heat from one
out to
object more!
another.
What Is the Largest Active Volcano?
Mauna
Loa

The largest, active volcano in the world is Mauna Loa in Hawaii. It is

13,677 feet above sea level. From its base below sea level to its summit,
Mauna Loa is taller than Mount Everest.
 Volcanoes of the World
Mount St Helens

1
× 2
×
Mount St Helens is an active On 18th May 1980, it erupted and
volcano located in killed 57 people and destroyed
Washington, USA in the lots of roads and homes.
Cascade Mountain Range.

5
×
×
3 4
× An earthquake triggered a
This was the first time landslide, which caused a
Mount
pyroclastic flows (the clouds of St Helens is still sideways blast, sending
active, and is monitored
hot gas, ash and rock) were clouds of ash, gas and rock
closely by geologists to
studied using new scientific speeding away from the
techniques. predict if it will erupt again. volcano.

Click on the numbers to reveal the facts.

 Volcanoes of the World
Mount Vesuvius, Naples, Italy

1
× 2
×
Mount Vesuvius has a very In 79AD, Vesuvius erupted for a
famous history. Its base is 30 whole day. Thousands of people
miles wide and it is estimated to were killed, and the city of
be around 17,000 years old. Pompeii was buried.

5
×
×
3 4
× Over the years, archaeologists
have found bodies preserved
In 1995, Vesuvius was Vesuvius
made a has erupted over 50
by the ash from the volcano
times
National Park. Visitors canin the last 200 years. The
along with other items, such
last time was in 1944 during the
climb the mountain. as heating stoves and cooking
Second World War.
utensils.

Click on the numbers to reveal the facts.

 Volcanoes of the World
Mount Fuji, Japan

1
× 2
×
Mount Fuji is the highest mountain Over 100,000 people climb Mount
in Japan. It is 3776m high. It is on Fuji every year. It is the most
the island of Honshu, about 100km climbed mountain in the world.
from Tokyo.

5
×
×
3 4
× Mount Fuji last erupted in
A forest named 1708. It has become a symbol
Aokigahara lies at the The volcano is actually
of the country and is featured
three separate volcanoes
foot of the mountain and in lots of paintings.
is said to be hauntedpiled
by one on top of the other
ghosts and goblins. with Fuji at the top.

Click on the numbers to reveal the facts.

 Volcanoes of the World
Popocatépetl, Mexico

1
× 2
×
Until it erupted in 1994, It is nicknamed 'El Popo'. It has
Popocatépetl was erupted several times since 1994.
dormant for 50 years.

4
×
×
3
It is considered one of the
Flights over Mexico have world’s most dangerous
been cancelled several times volcanoes. It last erupted in
due to ash and steam being January 2020.
produced by the volcano.

Click on the numbers to reveal the facts.

 Are There Volcanoes on Other
Earth is not the only planet to have volcanoes, although most of the
volcanoes onPlanets?
other planets are now extinct.

Mercury Mars has the Io is one of Triton is

used to have largest known Jupiter's Neptune's
volcanoes but volcano called moons and has largest moon.
when the Olympus Mons. several active Instead of lava,
planet's interior It is no longer volcanoes. the volcanoes
cooled down, active and will on Triton
the volcanoes probably never actually
died. erupt again. release ice.
 Glossary
Forged: to have made or shaped a metal object using a fire or furnace.

Molten: something made in to a liquid by heat.

Magma: hot fluid or semi-fluid below the earth's crust.

Friction: the resistance created when one surface rubs against another.

Heat conductor: something which can transfer heat from one object
to another.

Archaeologist: someone who studies history using evidence from

fossils and artefacts.