Republic of the Philippines
OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
National Commission on Indigenous Peoples
Quezon Provincial Office
44 National Highway, Batican, Infanta, Quezon
PROJECT PROPOSAL
CY 2016
1. GENERAL INFORMATION
1.1. Project Title : Coffee Seedling Distribution
1.2. Project Site : Kalawinis, Tanauan
Real, Province of Quezon
1.3. Project Cost : P200,000.00
1.4. Source of Fund : NCIP
1.5. Project Beneficiaries : Dumagat ICCs/IPs
1.6. Project Type : Socio-Economic & Socio Dev’t
Project (Livelihood and
Entrepreneurship)
1.7. Project Status : New
1.8. Period of Implementation
1.8.1. Target Date of Launch : 1st Quarter of 2017
1.8.2. Target Date of Completion : Last Quarter of 2017
1.9. Mode of Implementation : Administration
1.10. Project Implementer : NCIP Quezon Provincial
Office
2. BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE
The production and export of coffee was once a major industry in the
Philippines, which 200 years ago was the fourth largest coffee producing
nation. Today, however, the Philippines produces only .012% of the world's
coffee supply. Efforts are being undertaken to revive the industry however,
with the majority of coffee produced in the mountain areas of Batangas,
Kalinga, Mt. Province, Benguet, Cavite, Davao and Claveria.
Rocky and mountainous areas such as in the Province of Quezon
recognize that the lives of the indigenous peoples are closely linked to their
land. It respects indigenous farming practices and at the same time
integrates new farming technologies that make the lives of Indigenous
Peoples/Indigenous Cultural Communities coffee farmers easier.
Coffee trees require a rich, moist loose, well-drained soil best
composed of organic matter, decomposed mold, and disintegrated volcanic
rock; a well-distributed rainfall of about 40 to 70 inches annually with peak
wet season' high humidity; seven hours of sunshine daily; and plenty of mist
and moderate winds.
Coffee trees vary greatly in sizes from dwarf trees to thick-trunked
forest giants twenty feet or more in tropic. Generally they are restricted to
areas with a medium average annual temperature of 70 oF, not lower than
55oF and much above 80oF.
VARIETIES
Arabica is characterized by wavy leaf margin, light green leaf color, thin
leaves, pulp and parchment, known as " kapeng tagalog." Yields 500-1,000
kg of clean dry coffee beans per hectare. It could be grown productively in
cooler places with an elevation ranging from 1,200 to 1,800 meters above
sea level.
Robusta is characterized by large umbrella shaped growth with thinner
leaves which have more wavy margins. The berries are borne in heavy
cluster with the pulp and parchment. Yields 1, 200 kg of clean dry coffee
beans per hectare. It could be grown in areas with an elevation ranging from
600 to 1200 meters above sea level.
Excelsa has wide leaves that are thicker than Robusta but thinner and
smoother and more rounded than Liberica with smooth edge. Young leaves
are usually shiny with bronze violet color. The berries are borne in heavy
cluster, varying in size and usually bigger than Arabica but smaller than
Liberica. Pulp and parchment are thicker than the Leberica. Yields 1,000 kg
of clean dry coffee bean per hectare. It could be grown from sea level to
600 meters above sea level.
Liberica is locally known as "kapeng barako" because it produces the
biggest berry. It is rounded and are borne signly or in small clusters. Has
thicker leaves than Excelsa and twice as long as Arabica. The pulp is thick
and the parchment is more woody. It also characterized a very strong
pharmocopical taste and flavor. It is tolerant to drought and grows in a wider
type of soil. Yields 1,000 kg. Of clan dry coffee beans per hectare.
3. OBJECTIVES
3.1. General
3.1.1. To uplift the economic standard of living of the Dumagats
ICCs/IPs in the area
3.2. Specific
3.2.1. To encourage to ICCs/IPs concern to engage in coffee farming
3.2.2. To provide alternative source of livelihood
3.2.3. To provide coffee seedling to the ICCs/IPs
3.2.4. To provide technical knowledge on how to grow coffee in the
area
4. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Seed Preparation
Coffee is grown from seeds;
Gather seeds from disease and pest-free, high yielding trees;
Grow coffee plants in the nursery to produce better seedlings. They
nursery be located in the plantation or nearby and accessible to water
supply;
Three-fourth kg (i.e. 750 gm) of quality seeds is enough to plant a
hectare;
A 50% allowance of seeds must be considered for ungerminated seeds,
poor seedlings and for replanting;
Select viable seeds, stir berries in a bucket of water and remove
floaters. Those that sink are the good ones;
Remove pulp by hand or pulping machine, then soak beans in water
for 24 hours to hasten the removal of mucilage
Wash beans and discard floaters. Air dry in well-ventilated room for
least 4 days;
Keep dried parchment in cool dry place or mix with charcoal to
preserve its viability;
Germination bed must be 1 meter wide and of convenient length. To
avoid flooding, raise bed 15 cm from ground level;
A 1 x 20 m plot can accommodate one ganta of seeds;
Sow seeds on shallow rows at ¾ inch deep and cover with fine soil;
Water the seedbed regularly but not too wet and partially shade plants
from sunlight;
This out and prick seedlings (transplant to another seedbed/plastic
bags) or when 2-3 pairs of leaves have developed.
Vegetable Propagation
Coffee can also be propagated asexually;
Split lengthwise into two halves of a fingersized vertical shoot of about
one foot long with 4-6 nodes to produce a clone. Partially cut leaves
before splitting;
Set modal cutting in germination box 1x2 inches apart and 1 inch
deep, then place boxes in germination chamber. Nodal cuttings will
produce roots and shoots within 45 days;
Prick seedlings into individual plastic bags with soil.
Full-grown seedling with 4-6 pairs of leaves could be attained within 6-
8 months;
Coffee plants raised from nodal cuttings bear fruits 18 months after
transplanting, earlier than plants grown from seeds.
Establishment of Plantation
Intensive clearing is necessary for newly opened areas (forest area).
Plow and harrow twice open field to check weed growth. Mark places where
holes are to be dug. Recommended spacing are as follows:
Variety Distance in Meters
ARABICA 3 x 1 to 3 x 2 m
2 x 2 x 2 x 3 m double row
Variety Distance in Meters
ROBUSTA 3 x 1.5 to 3 x 3m
2 x 2 x 2 x 4m double row
Variety Distance in Meters
Liberica &
4 x 5 to 5 x 5.5m
Excelsa
Transplanting
Coffee seedlings are ready for transplant when 6 pairs of leaves have
been fully developed and with no lateral branches yet. Dig holes and
transplant in the field at the start of the rainy season. This will give sufficient
time for young plants to establish roots before dry season sets in. Dig hole
wide and deep enough to accommodate ball of earth with roots intact.
Return topsoil in the hole, then add tablespoons phosporous fertilizer, and
mix thoroughly.
Fertilization
The general recommendation for non-bearing trees in the absence of
soil and tissue analysis, is an equal amount of NPK and ammonium sulfate or
urea from 250-300 grams per tree per year; and for bearing trees (7 years
and above) 1 kilo of 14-14 per tree per year plus ures side dressed at the
rate of 300 grams per tree per year.
Non-bearing trees (1-3 years old) make shallow canal furrow 5 cm
deep around the plant; place recommended fertilizer in continuous band
and cover with soil.
Bearing trees (7 years old)-localized placement is recommended for
sloping land. Apply fertilizer in holes or trenches made around trees between
outside of the crown and one half meter from the base. Broadcast fertilizer
0.5m for level land.
Pruning
Removal of unnecessary branches (excess, old and dead branches)
and undesirable sprouts. Pruning regulates the height of the plants,
facilitates harvesting and other field operations, promotes better aeration
and light penetration. This is best done before general flowering or after
harvest.
Common Pests and Control
Coffee Berry Borer most destructive and hardest to control. Attacks all
stages of fruit after berries become mungo-size. Infested young berries turn
from normal green color to yellow orange and shortly afterwards, fruit falls
prematurely. Presence of empty or partially filled fruits underneath tree is a
sure sign of infestation.
Coffee Leaf folder larvae feed on leaves and sometime attack flowers
and fruits. Adult is a small moth with light brown forewings. The eggs are laid
in clusters on leaves. Development period is 5-6 weeks.
Control: Collect and destroy infested berries before and after harvest.
Pick up all berries, including those that fall on the ground, to eliminate
breeding and feeding sites of insects. Spray Endosulfan at recommended
rates at 14 to 21 days interval or 4 to 5 times spraying during fruiting
season. The first spraying should be done when the berries attain the size of
a mungbean seed.
Common Diseases and Control
Coffee Rust the most prevalent and destructive disease of coffee,
Small, yellowish spots appear on lower surface of leaves; as spots enlarge,
powdery yellow to orange spores are produced. Affected leaves drop and
tree may die. To prevent, use resistant strains, spray susceptible varieties
with copper fungicides at 2-3 week intervals at start of heavy rains.
Die-Back is characterized by drying of branches and twigs from to and
downwards. Appearance of spots with concentric lines on both surfaces of
seedlings, twigs, and berries. If severe affected, leaves fall, twig and
branches dry. To control, maintain vigor of trees by fertilizing with the right
kind and amount of nutrients at proper time; regulate plant growth to
prevent overbearing by pruning and/or shade.
5. IMPLEMENTING STRATEGIES
5.1. Information dissemination And Validation of Beneficiaries
Prior to the delivery of the coffee seedling, the representative from the
LGU of Real and NCIP Provincial Office will conduct a meeting among
the prospect beneficiaries. The purpose is to teach the ICCs/IPs on the
mechanics how to be a successful coffee grower.
The beneficiaries are IPs/ICCs as listed in the latest census to be
submitted to NCIP Quezon Provincial Office by the tribal leaders from
the area.
5.2. Procurement and distribution
The three thousand (3,000) coffee seedlings shall be bought from the
producer/seller and be delivered to the ICCs/IPs community. It shall be
distributed by equal division per household. Said ICCs/IPs household
shall be determined in accordance with the ICCs/IPs within the area.
Each family household shall be the one to plant the seedling during
rainy season. They shall take care said seedling by cleaning its
surrounding at least twice a year.
5.3. MAINTENANCE
Members of the IPs community shall practice bayanihan system. One
household member which is of legal age member of the IPs
community shall help in the cleaning of weeds and pruning of the
coffee tree. Per experience, cleaning of weeds and pruning is done
twice October and April of the year.
5.4. HARVESTING
Maturity of berries is 6 to 8 months after blooming but varies on the
environmental factors from region to region. In Mindanao, Arabica
flower in January to May and berries are harvested in August to
December. In Luzon, coffee trees bloom just after the first heavy rains
in May and June, Arabica and Robusta berries are harvested in late
December to March; Excelsa and Liberica later.
Individually pick berries (i.e priming) to avoid presence of pedicels. For
quality beans, harvest only matured berries (i.e. berries turn red from
its ground color.
5.5. INCOME DISTRIBUTION
80 Percent of the income of the coffee harvest shall be distributed
equally per household of the IPs community. 20 percent thereof shall
be allocated for coffee seedling production and planting and
maintenance.
6. MONITORING
The NCIP Provincial Office in coordination with the Department of
Agriculture shall conduct a monitoring and evaluation before and after
harvest time. This is to teach the coffee grower of techniques to increase
harvest as well as to control pest using organic materials.
7. BUDGETARY REQUIRMENTS
Information Dissemination P14,000.00
6,000 Seedlings/P20. 00 Each P120,000.00
Hauling/Transportation P18,000.00
Labor@4.00 per seedling 24,000.00
Monitoring (5% of the total cost) P20,000.00
Contingencies P4,000.00
GRAND TOTAL P200, 000.00
Note: Hauling includes transportation form nursery to Highway
Tanauan Proper to project site, Sitio Kalawinis, and labor includes
weeding and planting
8. RETURN OF INVESTMENT
For the first two years of production, a farmer may experience losses due
to zero harvest and costs being incurred in the farm. However, on the third
year, the IPs beneficiaries will start to harvest his coffee beans and earn
profits continuously through the subsequent years.
9. ATTACHMENTS
9.1. NCIP Form 1 - Project Implementation Plan
9.2. Resolution form the tribal council
9.3. Sketch map
Prepared by: Evaluated by:
ANGELO S. SALLIDAO CARIDAD KATHERINE P.
GULLUNAN
Provincial Officer Chief, TMSD, NCIP Region IV
Recommending Approval:
RAMZY ASTOBEZA ROBERTO L. ALMONTE,
CESO III
Commissioner Director
Region III & Rest of Luzon NCIP Region IV
Approved by:
HON. LEONOR T. ORALDE-QUINTAYO
Commissioner, Southern & Eastern Mindanao
Chairperson
