Q: Explain the main events during Prophet’s migration to Madinah.

[10]

After the pledges of Aqabah family after family left for Medina. When
the Quraish came to know about this, they increased their persecutions on
Prophet (PBUH) and his followers. Meanwhile all the companions of
Holy Prophet (PBUH) except Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) and Hazrat Ali
(R.A) succeeded in migration to Medina.
The Quraish held a meeting in Dar un Nadwa in which they decided that
one person from each tribe would be selected and would attack the Holy
Prophet (PBUH) and (God forbid) kill Him. The Holy Prophet (PBUH)
was informed of this plan by Allah and was told to leave Makkah that
same night:
“Remember how the unbeliever plotted against thee, to keep you in
bonds, or slay you, or to get out of your home. They plot and plan
and Allah too plans, but the best of planners is Allah.”
The Holy Prophet (PBUH) asked Hazrat Ali (R.A) to sleep on his bed and
to return valuables to various people. Prophet (PBUH) came out from the
house with Allah’s protection at his side, cast a handful of dust at the
disbelievers and made his way through them while reciting the verses of
Surah Yasin:
“And We have put a barrier before them and barrier behind them
and We have covered them up so that cannot see.”
In the morning, when Hazrat Ali (R.A) rose up, he was enquired about
Prophet (PBUH) and he explained to them that he did not know himself.
This situation stunned Quraish. Prophet (PBUH) was led by Abdullah bin
Uraiqit to cave of Saur instead of the way to Medina. After reaching,
Prophet (PBUH) laid his head on the lap of Abu Bakr (R.A) and fell
asleep. Meanwhile, a snake appeared before them and Abu Bakr (R.A)
put his foot on the mouth of the hole from where the snake emerged and it
stung Abu Bakr (R.A) on it. Due to severe pain, tears fell from his eyes to
Prophet’s (PBUH) face which woke him. He then applied his saliva on
the foot of Abu Bakr (R.A) and the pain disappeared. Asma used to
provide them with food, whereas Abdullah On the other hand, Makkans
used all their strength and wisdom to track them down. One day, they
successfully reached the mouth of cave and Abu Bakr (R.A) got
frightened. Prophet (PBUH) said:
“What do you think of those to with whom the third is Allah?”
When the Makkans saw the cave, they turned around because the
entrance was covered with a cob web and there was a pair of pigeons on
the threshold. This happened miracolously and it convinced the Makkans
that the cave was empty when they saw the branches of tree that covered
the mouth of the cave nearby. After this incident, they departed from the
cave and continued their journey.
Meanwhile, Holy Prophet (PBUH) and Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) saw two
isolated tents. There lived an old woman who had a goat which could not
give milk. Prophet (PBUH) touched its udder and it begun to provide
milk. The party then refreshed by drinking milk and set to their journey to
Medina. Afterwards, Prophet (PBUH) met Buraidah bin al-Husaib and
about 80 other men. All of them accepted Islam and performed Salah with
Prophet (PBUH) and Abu Bakr (R.A). Another incident was that of
Suraqah, the horseman. Anxious to get the reward of a hundred camels,
Suraqah set out in search of Prophet (PBUH). When he was in sight of the
Prophet and His companions, his horse stumbled twice and he fell on the
ground. This made him believe that a Divine power is protecting the
Prophet and His party.

On 8th Rabi ul-Awwal, 14th year of Prophethood, Prophet (PBUH)

reached Quba. They established the first Islamic mosque and also met
Hazrat Ali (R.A) there. The Muslims of Medina anxiously waited for
Prophet (PBUH) but the heat of the day forced them to return. One day a
Jew climbed up to roof of a fort and saw the Prophet’s (PBUH) caravan,
dressed in white. He shouted about it and Muslims emerged from their
houses and received Holy Prophet (PBUH) with a great welcome. Prophet
(PBUH) kept quite while Allah revealed:
“Allah certainly is his patron. Besides Jibrael (R.A), the righteous
believers and the angels are his helpers.”

Q Describe the events in Madina that immediately followed by the

Hijra, mentioning especially the Emigrants (Muhajrun) and helpers
(Ansaar). [10-N-02]

Q Write about the brotherhood that developed between the new

community of Muslims in Madina. [10-N-13-2058/11]

In 622, Mohammad (saw) arrived in Madina. He took the following

important decisions immediately.

Mosque of the Prophet (saw) was built immediately. The land was
purchased from two orphans. Prophet (saw) and the companions took part
in its building. In the beginning, it was a small mosque without any
facilities. As soon as the mosque was ready, five times regular prayer and
Jum’a prayer started at the mosque. Men and women used to come to the
mosque regularly and it also became the centre of education. Abu Bakr
(ra) paid for the price of land.

Azaan was proposed by Umar (R.A.). A companion, Abdullah bin Zayd

saw the manner of azaan in his dream. The Prophet (saw) accepted it and
since that day, five times Azaan was introduced. Bilal (ra) was the official
person to deliver Azaan every day. Besides Bilal (ra), Umme Makhtoom,
the blind companion was also responsible for Azaan.

The Prophet(saw) made a Treaty with Jews. There were three tribes of
Jews living in Madina, Banu Quraiza, Banu Qainuqa and Banu Nazir. All
of them agreed to the conditions of the Treaty. Important clauses of the
Treaty included equal rights of Jews, freedom to follow their religion, no
aggression against each other (Muslims and Jews), common protection of
Madina in case of attack and the recognition of the Prophet (saw) as the
Head of the state. It was also agreed that in case of a dispute, the decision
of the Prophet (saw) would be final.

The Prophet (saw) also created a brotherhood between Muhajreen and

Ansar. Muahjreen were financially broken when they came to Madina
due to continuous persecution in Makkah. When the Prophet (saw) saw
the pathetic condition of Muhajreen, he called a meeting in which he
discussed the financial problems faced by Muhajreen. The Ansars
willingly agreed to help their Muhajir brothers.

One of the most remarkable example among new muslims is that between
Sa’ad ibn Ar Rabee’ and his new brother Abdur-Rahman Bin Awf.
However the Prophet (saw) chose Ali (ra) His brother. Ansar shared
everything with their Muhajir brothers. They offered their houses, money
and agricultural land. Ansaars divided their houses into parts; one for
their Muhajir brother and one for themselves. They provided money to
their Muhajir brothers to start their own trading business. Due to this
help, Muhajreen were able to set up business almost immediately because
they were already expert in trading. Only in two years they were well off
to the extent that the need of brotherhood ended.

Madina was the place where some rainfall used to take place. Due to this
rainfall, Ansaars used to produce some agricultural stuff. Ansaars also
offered their agricultural lands to Muhajreen but Muhajreen politely
refused agriculture because they were not aware of that profession. Even
inheritance was shared between Muhajreen and Ansaars. In two years,
agreement ended when Muhajreen established their business but both of
them always treated each other as brother.
During 1 AH, another group of people named as Hypocrites emerged.
They were people with a fundamental weakness of character. They
opposed the Prophet and the truth. Their leader in Madeenah was
‘Abdullah Bin Ubayy.’

Q Explain the importance of these events as an example for Muslims

today. [6-N-02]
Q How is this brotherhood (between Muhajreen and Ansaar) a good
example for Muslim communities now? [4-N-13-2058/11]
Q What is the significance of the Prophet (saw) establishing
mosques as a first task after the Hijra? [4-J-14-2058/12]

The Prophet (saw) took the first immediate decision of building the
mosque. This shows that congregational prayer is a very important in the
Muslim community. Mosque is not only a center of worship but it is also
a place of social gathering where Muslims can solve their problems. Most
of the social problems were solved by the Prophet (saw) when he was
present in the mosque. Even the political matters were discussed in the
mosque. When the Prophet (saw) has presented his examples, we should
apply those examples today.

Mosque is also an education center where religious and worldly

education may be obtained.

Azaan is a symbol of unity of the Muslims. It also invites us to come to

mosque which is a place of peace and unity. Every word of Azaan is
worth understanding which gives us the lesson to be answerable to God
and be a good citizen.

Treaty with Jews is a model of foreign policy for Muslim countries. The
Treaty shows the importance of written constitutional document in which
rights of minorities and peaceful co-existence with the neighbours was
guaranteed.

Brotherhood between Muhajreen and Ansaar is an example of sacrifice

for each other. According to a Hadith Muslims are like a building of
which each brick makes the other strong This brotherhood also increases
political strength of a community as the Aus, Khazraj and Muhajreen
became an invincible force. It also created a sense of self-respect because
Muhajreen did not depend on Ansaars and only in two years, they were
earning enough and did not need Ansar’s help. The brotherhood gives us
the lesson that Muslims should help the other Muslims in every possible
way. In Muslim countries, poverty is common. In spite of different
nationalities, Muslims should form a community system by which the
Muslims of the other countries should get help.

Besides financial help, Muslims should give protection to those Muslims

who are facing persecution in their countries. Very recently, the Muslims
of Palestine were not even able to find a land where they could settle. In
these conditions, it is the responsibility of the entire Muslim community
and their governments to help their Muslim brothers.

Q. Write about the main events of Battle of Badr? [10]

The Muslims had suffered greatly at the hands of the Quraish while in
Makkah and were not allowed to fight back. Thus they were forced to
seek refuge first in Abyssinia and then in Madinah. When they migrated
to Madinah they had to leave their properties and businesses in Makkah
which were taken up by the Quraish. Then they got the opportunity from
Allah to fight back in Surah Hajj "To those against whom war is made,
permission is given (to fight) because they are wronged and, verily
Allah is most Powerful for their aid (22:3). The Muslims began to raid
and threaten the Quraish, attempting to damage their economy. Then in
2AH a very large trade caravan of the Quraish laden with profits, led by
Abu Sufyan, was on its way to back to Makkah, and had to pass close to
Madinah. The Muslims wanted to take revenge. The leader of hypocrites,
Abdullah Bin Ubayy informed about this attack to Abu Sufyan which
caused him to sent a message to the citizens of Makkah for help. Enraged
by this threat on army of 1000 soldiers left Makkah for Madinah which
was led by Abu Jahl along with many other chiefs of the Quraish.

Events

On 17th Ramadan 2AH, the Muslims and the army of Quraish met in the
Battle field of Badr. The Muslim army were poorly equipped and
numbered 313 where as the Quraish army was 1000.Inspite of less
number, the Muslims were motivated and did not lose hope.
The Prophet (SAWS) advanced to the valley of Badr and blocked all the
wells except one and He spent the whole night praying to Allah for help
and victory. The Muslims set camp on the slope of a hill whereas the
Makkans were stationed on the soil below the hill so when it rained the
water gathered at the bottom of the hill, thus made the ground slippery
and made it harder for the Quraish to fight. These were the strategies
taken by the Prophet (SAWS) to win the battle. The Sun, in the morning
of the battle hit in their eye the Quraish’s eyes but the Muslims had the
Sun on their back. During the Battle the wind also began to blow which
threw sand in their eyes and Allah also sent. Allah also enabled the
Muslims (through the dream of the Prophet) to see less of the Quraish to
give them hope and also enabled the Quraish to see less of the Muslims to
make them overconfident. A thousand angels were also sent down by
Allah to help the Muslims.
"I will help you with a thousand angels, each behind the other
(following one another) in succession." (8:9). The battle was fought
in 3 stages, war of words, one to one combat rounds, general fighting.
The Quraish lost 3 prominert chiefs; Utbah, his brother Shaiba and his
son Walid to Hamza(RA); Ali(RA); and Ubaydah. In the general fighting
that followed, the Muslims followed the advice of the Prophet (SAWS) to
first shoot arrows, then throw stones and lastly to engage in battle with
swords in their hands. They soon were able to defeat the Quraish by the
help of Allah(SWT).

Out comes
A total of 70 makkans were killed including leading figures as Abu Jahl,
Ummayah Bin Khalaf and a total of 70 makkans were taken as prisoners
includin Abbas (Prophets Uncle), Abul Aas etc. Agant this only 14
Muslims were martyred The Muslims also captured 115 camels 14 horses
and a rich store of clothing, carpets and equipment of war.

This was the first time the armies of Believers and disbelievers met. This
called Yawm al Furqan. The Miraculous victory of the Muslims
reinforced their faith in Allah, and. cast terror in the hearts of the Quraish.
It established the Muslims as a military might in Arabia. (8:17) This loss
of the Quraish caused them to plan a severe and bigger attack again next
year to avenge their losses.

Q. What can the events of the Battle of Badr teach Muslims? [4]
Q. Can the Prophet’s conduct during this battle contain lessons for
military leaders today? Give reason for your answer. [4]
We learn many lessons from the way Prophet's conduct in this battle.
Despite his troops were outnumbered, he motivated them to fight with
courage for their religion. We should fight for religion whatever the
conditions are.
 We should ask Allah for help. As prophet asked Allah for help and
Allah helped Muslims by sending thousands of angels ranks on ranks.
We should give respect to the prisoners of war. Prophet never
humiliated prisoners in any manner. Prisoners should be treated with
respect, and given proper food and shelter during their imprisonment.
Moreover we learn that prisoners can be used for productive work,
such as educating others. Their self esteem should not be harmed;
neither should they be physically harmed. Prisoners should be
respectfully interrogated, while being provided with ample food, water
and shelter. All prisoners should be treated equally as ransom was also
taken from Zainab's (Prophet's daughter) husband.

Q. Can those involved in present day conflicts learn any lessons from
the way the Prophet treated Prisoners after battles? [4]
Ans: We should give respect to the prisoners of war. Prophet never
humiliated prisoners in any manner. Prisoners should be treated with
respect, and given proper food and shelter during their imprisonment.
Moreover we learn that prisoners can be used for productive work,
such as educating others. Their self esteem should not be harmed;
neither should they be physically harmed. Prisoners should be
respectfully interrogated, while being provided with ample food, water
and shelter. All prisoners should be treated equally as ransom was also
taken from Zainab's (Prophet's daughter) husband.

How important was the outcome of this battle for the Prophet (pbuh)
and his followers? Give reasons for your answer. [4]

It was very important because it was the first battle that the Muslims
had to fight after the migration, and so to lose the battle may have led to a
loss in confidence and belief, as well as religious freedom. Their victory
ensured they remained strong in their faith and renewed their hope in their
migration. It also gave them strength in belief that God was with them.
There was an economic benefit to the battle, as the war booty allowed a lot
of the Muhajirun to become financially independent.