UNIT-III
Short answer type ques ons
1. How does a brown-out protec on circuit evaluate and respond to a voltage drop in an
appliance?
2. Explain the role of a Real-Time Clock (RTC) in an embedded system.
3. The instruction
volatile const unsigned char* x;
represents:
(a) Volatile pointer to data (b) Pointer to volatile data
(c) Pointer to constant volatile data (d) None of these
4. Which of the following memory management routine is used for changing the size of allocated
bytes in a dynamically allocated memory block
(a) malloc () (b) realloc() (c) calloc () (d) free ()
5. Which of the following preprocessor directive is used for coding macros?
(a) #ifdef (b) #define (c) #undef (d) #endif
6. Transla on of assembly code to machine code is performed by the
a) Assembler (b) Compiler (c) Linker (d) Locator
7. Explain the different types of special keywords used in inline assembly for C51.
8. What will be the memory allocated on successful execution of the following memory
allocation request?
Assume the size of int as 2 bytes
x = (int *) malloc(100);
(a) 2 Bytes (b) 100 Bytes (c) 200 Bytes (d) 4 Bytes
9. Which of the following is a processor understandable language?
(a) Assembly language (b) Machine language (c) High level language
Long Answer Questions
1. Explain the function of a watchdog timer in an embedded system, its influence on system
stability, and provide examples of both internal and external implementations and their
effectiveness.
2. Draw a diagram of the assembly language to machine language conversion process and
explain it in detail.
3. Explain the different approaches to embedded firmware design in detail.
4. Explain the ‘High Level Language’ based embedded firmware development technique and its
key features.
5. Explain the 'High-Level Language' based 'Embedded Firmware' development technique.
6. With a neat diagram, explain the conversion process from assembly language to machine
language, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of assembly language.
UNIT-IV
Short answer type ques ons
1.Explain the key func onality of process management.
2. The user application and kernel interface is provided through
(a) System calls (b) Shared memory h (c) Services (d) All of these
3. Which of the following is an example of a synchronous interrupt?
(a) TRAP (b) External interrupt (c) Divide by zero (d) Timer interrupt
4. Iden fy the func onality of Task Synchroniza on?
5. Classify the types of Real-Time Opera ng Systems (RTOS).
6. Compare and contrast a Monolithic Kernel and a Microkernel.
7. Explain the main principle of Round Robin (RR) scheduling in CPU process management.
8. Explain the func onality of task scheduling?
9. Iden fy and explain the key processes involved in context switching, context saving, and context
retrieval.
10. Explain the different thread binding models for user-level and kernel-level threads
11. Compare and contrast threads and processes by sta ng two key differences
12. Explain the func onality of Task/Process Management?
Long Answer Questions
1. Compare and contrast mul processing, mul tasking, and mul programming, analyzing their key
differences, advantages, and suitable use cases.
2. Three processes with process IDs P1, P2, P3 with es mated comple on me 5, 10, 7 milliseconds
respec vely enters the ready queue together in the order P1, P2, P3. Process P4 with es mated
execu on comple on me 2 milliseconds enters the ready queue a er 5 milliseconds. Calculate
the wai ng me and Turn Around Time (TAT) for each process and the Average wai ng me and
Turn Around Time (Assuming there is no I/O wai ng for the processes) in the FIFO scheduling.
3. Draw the Opera ng System architecture and explain the role of each component.
4. With a neat diagram explain the structure of a process, its memory organiza on, and the various
process states along with the transi ons between these states
5. Analyze the different types of non-preemp ve scheduling algorithms, comparing their merits
and demerits in various system environments.
6. Three processes with process IDs P1, P2, P3 with es mated comple on me 12, 10, 2
milliseconds respec vely enters the ready queue together in the order P2, P3, P1. Process P4
with es mated execu on comple on me 4 milliseconds enters the Ready queue a er 8
milliseconds. Calculate the wai ng me and Turn Around Time (TAT) for each process and the
Average wai ng me and Turn Around Time (Assuming there is no I/O wai ng for the processes)
in the LIFO scheduling
UNIT-V
Short answer type ques ons
1. What is the key difference between a unidirec onal and a bidirec onal ‘Pipes’ in process
communica on?
2. How does a message queue facilitate communica on between processes or threads in an opera ng
system?
3. Apply your understanding of message passing in inter-process communica on and differen ate it
from shared memory, explaining the key differences and advantages of each.
4. Choose the key parameters involved in memory-mapping and explain how each one affects the
mapping process.
5. Differen ate between Anonymous Pipes and Named Pipes
6. Apply your understanding of the Mailbox concept in inter-process communica on to explain how it
works and provide an example of its use in an embedded system.
7. Explain the different deadlock handling techniques.
8. Explain the concept of a race condi on and explain how it can lead to data inconsistency in a mul -
process system.
9. Explain signaling as a method for inter-process communica on and explain how it is used in RTX51
Tiny OS.
Long Answer Questions
1. With a neat diagram, explain the concept of Remote Procedure Call (RPC) in inter-process
communica on.
2. With the help of a neat diagram, explain the Dining Philosophers Problem and provide a
solu on using semaphores to avoid deadlock
3. Illustrate the concept of deadlock in an opera ng system, iden fy the condi ons that lead to
a deadlock situa on, and discuss the methods that can be used to prevent it.
4. Infer the role of device drivers in an embedded opera ng system in managing communica on
between user applica ons and hardware peripherals.
5. Describe the methods used to choose an RTOS for an embedded system in detail.
6. Apply the concept of the Producer-Consumer problem to design a solu on for a bounded
buffer system, considering synchroniza on issues and poten al deadlock scenarios. Explain
how you would implement the solu on in an embedded system
