Accessory Test System

User Guide
Version 5.15
Contents

1. Introduction 5
1.1 Purpose of This Specification 5
1.2 Requirements, Recommendations, and Permissions 5
1.3 Developer Preview 5
1.4 Manufacturer Preview 6
1.5 Terminology 6
1.5.1 Accessory, Device, and Product 6

2. Accessory Test System 7

2.1 Overview 7
2.1.1 Equipment List 7
2.2 Quick Start 10
2.2.1 What is your accessory's type? 10
2.2.2 iAP-over-Smart Connector, iAP-over-UART, or Non-iAP 11
2.2.3 iAP-over-Lightning Audio 14
2.2.4 iAP-over-USB (Lightning) or CarPlay-over-USB 15
2.2.5 iAP-over-USB (30-pin) 21
2.2.6 iAP-over-Bluetooth 23
2.2.7 CarPlay and AirPlay 2 29
2.3 Hardware Considerations 31
2.3.1 Connecting an ATS Smart Connector Box to your Mac 31
2.3.2 Connector Adapters 32
2.3.3 Connection Order 32
2.3.4 Accessory Connection Orientation 33
2.3.5 ATS Lightning Box without USB Traffic 33
2.3.6 Capturing iAP-over-Bluetooth 33
2.4 Installation and Updates 34
2.4.1 Software Installation 34
2.4.2 Hardware Connection 34
2.4.3 Testing the Installation 35
2.4.4 Firmware Updates 35
2.4.5 Reporting Bugs 37
2.5 ATS User Interface 37
2.5.1 Capture Document 37

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Contents

2.5.2 Categories 39
2.5.3 iAP Packets and iAP2 Control Session Categories 40
2.5.4 CarPlay 42
2.5.5 AirPlay 2 42
2.5.6 Copying Trace Data 43
2.5.7 Error Reporting 43
2.5.8 iAP2 File Transfer Session Category 44
2.5.9 iAP2 External Accessory Session Category 44
2.5.10 Measurements Category 44
2.5.11 Hardware Category 45
2.5.12 Summary Category 47
2.5.13 Preferences 50
2.6 USB Vbus Load Test 53
2.7 Accessory Certification Assistant 55
2.7.1 Creating a New Certification Configuration 57
2.7.2 Testing Your Accessory and Submitting Results 60
2.7.3 Reviewing Past Submissions 61
2.8 ATS Utility 63
2.8.1 Software Installation 64
2.8.2 Bluetooth Link Keys 65
2.8.3 CarPlay Performance Tests 66
2.9 Known Issues 78
2.10 Technical Notes 80
2.10.1 About iAP-Over-UART Baud Rates 80

3. ATS Lightning Box 82

4. ATS Lightning Audio Box 83

5. ATS Smart Connector Box 84

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Figures and Tables

2. Accessory Test System 7

Figure 2-1 ATS 30-pin Box 8
Figure 2-2 MFi 30-pin Breakout (ATS0201) 9
Figure 2-3 ATS Box Configuration (Non-USB) 11
Figure 2-4 ATS Lightning Audio Box Configuration 14
Figure 2-5 ATS Lightning Box USB Configuration 16
Figure 2-6 ATS 30-pin Box USB Configuration 22
Figure 2-7 Bluetooth Configuration 23
Figure 2-8 Permitted Adapter Configurations 32
Table 2-1 Timestamp units options 50
Table 2-2 System time format options 50
Table 2-3 TCP Client Flags 73
Table 2-4 UDP Client Flags 74
Table 2-5 TCP Server Flags 74
Table 2-6 UDP Server Flags 74
Table 2-7 TCP Client Flags 76
Table 2-8 UDP Client Flags 76
Table 2-9 TCP Server Flags 78
Table 2-10 UDP Server Flags 78

3. ATS Lightning Box 82

Figure 3-1 ATS Lightning Box 82

4. ATS Lightning Audio Box 83

Figure 4-1 ATS Lightning Audio Box 83

5. ATS Smart Connector Box 84

Figure 5-1 ATS Smart Connector Box 84

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1. Introduction

1.1 Purpose of This Specification

This document is a user guide for the Accessory Test System.

1.2 Requirements, Recommendations, and Permissions

This specification contains statements that are incorporated by reference into legal agreements between Apple
and its licensees. The use of the words must, must not, required, shall, shall not, should, should not, recommended,
not recommended, may, optional, and deprecated in a statement have the following meanings:

● must, shall, or required means the statement is an absolute requirement.

● must not, shall not or prohibited means the statement is an absolute prohibition.
● should or recommended means the full implications must be understood before choosing a different course.
● should not or not recommended means the full implications must be understood before choosing this
course.
● may or optional means the statement is truly optional, and its presence or absence cannot be assumed.
● deprecated means the statement is provided for historical purposes only and is equivalent to 'must not'.

The absence of requirements, recommendations, or permissions for a specific accessory design in this
specification must not be interpreted as implied approval of that design. Developers are strongly encouraged
to ask Apple for feedback on accessory designs that are not explicitly mentioned in this specification.

1.3 Developer Preview

Content labeled as developer preview is not intended for use in the development of Proposed Products or
Licensed Products under a MFi/Works with Apple License. Although content labeled this way has been reviewed
for accuracy, it is not final. Apple is supplying this content to help accessory developers plan for the adoption
of the accessory interface features described herein. This information is subject to change, and accessories
implemented according to this content must be tested with final operating system software and final
documentation before going through self-certification.

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1. Introduction
1.4 Manufacturer Preview

1.4 Manufacturer Preview

Content labeled as manufacturer preview is final and may be used in the development of Proposed Products
under a MFi/Works with Apple License, although associated MFi components (if applicable) may not yet be
available to order. Apple is supplying this content to help accessory developers start developing against the
accessory interface features described herein.

1.5 Terminology

1.5.1 Accessory, Device, and Product

Throughout this specification:

● The term device is used to refer to:

● An Apple iPhone, iPad, or iPod (typically running iOS, Apple's mobile operating system).
● An Apple Watch (typically running watchOS, Apple's watch operating system).
● An Apple TV (typically running tvOS, Apple's television operating system).
● The term accessory is used to refer to any product intended to interface with a device via the means described
in this specification.
● The term Apple product is used to refer generically to either a Mac (Apple computers that run macOS or
OS X) or to an aforementioned device.

Statements that explicitly mention iOS, watchOS, tvOS, or macOS / OS X apply only to products running those
operating systems.

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2. Accessory Test System

This document describes the configuration and use of Apple's Accessory Test System (ATS). ATS consists of:

● A set of real-time tools for diagnosing and debugging the hardware-layer and iAP protocol performance
of accessories.
● A set of automated validation tools for ensuring that new accessories more fully comply with the MFi
specifications.
● Various hardware components for connecting to various types of MFi accessories.

2.1 Overview
ATS is designed to analyze iAP traffic delivered over UART, USB, and Bluetooth transports, CarPlay traffic over
USB and Wi-Fi, and AirPlay 2 over Wi-Fi.

Note: The 30-pin connector is deprecated for new product plans and support will be removed from
ATS in the future along with availability of the ATS 30-pin Box and MFi 30-pin Breakout.

2.1.1 Equipment List

Before getting started, make sure you have any equipment you may need, as listed below.

Macs may be purchased at https://apple.com.

The MFi Portal contains links to Authorized Distributors to purchase the following:

● ATS 30-pin Box

● ATS Lightning Box
● ATS Smart Connector Box
● ATS Lightning Audio Box
● MFi 30-pin Breakout
● MFi Lightning SI Tester
● MFi Lightning Tester
● MFi USB SI Tester
● MFi USB Breakout
● Total Phase Beagle USB 480 analyzer

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● Frontline ComProbe BPA analyzer

A powered USB hub may also be useful to centralize connections for all equipment.

2.1.1.1 Mac Hardware and Apple Software

ATS will run on any Mac running OS X El Capitan or later.

If you do not already have ATS, download it from the MFi Portal (https://mfi.apple.com) or contact your MFi
Representative.

2.1.1.2 30-pin Hardware

The ATS 30-pin Box (Figure 2-1 (page 8)) is required to use ATS with 30-pin accessories. Accessories utilizing
USB will also require a Beagle USB 480 analyzer (page 10) and MFi 30-pin Breakout (Figure 2-2 (page 9)). The
MFi 30-pin Breakout board is a component that allows a USB protocol analyzer to be connected to the USB
pins of the 30-pin connector.

Figure 2-1 ATS 30-pin Box

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2.1 Overview

Figure 2-2 MFi 30-pin Breakout (ATS0201)

2.1.1.3 ATS Lightning Box

The ATS Lightning Box is required to use ATS with Lightning accessories. It allows for analysis of data over the
Lightning connector, and can also make USB signals available for use with the Beagle USB 480 analyzer (page
10).

For more information, see ATS Lightning Box (page 82).

2.1.1.4 ATS Smart Connector Box

The ATS Smart Connector Box is required to use ATS with Smart Connector accessories. It allows for analysis
of data over the Smart Connector.

For more information, see ATS Smart Connector Box (page 84).

2.1.1.5 ATS Lightning Audio Box

The ATS Lightning Audio Box is required to use ATS with Lightning Audio accessories. It allows for analysis of
data over the Lightning Audio transport.

For more information, see ATS Lightning Audio Box (page 83).

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2.2 Quick Start

2.1.1.6 Beagle USB 480 analyzer

The Total Phase Beagle USB 480 analyzer or Beagle USB 480 Power analyzer is required to use ATS with USB
accessories. The Beagle USB 480 analyzer is capable of monitoring of high-/full-/low-speed USB data. With
support for real-time class-level decoding of main USB classes, the Beagle USB 480 analyzer is a powerful and
versatile tool for USB development.

More information about Total Phase products is available at http://www.totalphase.com.

2.1.1.7 ComProbe BPA analyzer

Analyzing Bluetooth traffic requires a Frontline ComProbe BPA 100 analyzer or ComProbe BPA 600 analyzer.
Either device will allow for analysis of iAP-over-Bluetooth data captured wirelessly over the air.

More information about Frontline products is available at http://www.fte.com.

Note: ATS does not provide a comprehensive Bluetooth analysis solution

ATS only provides a solution for capturing and validating iAP-over-Bluetooth. For full visibility into
the entire Bluetooth stack, Frontline offers the USB-powered ComProbe BPA 600 analyzer, a tool for
the development of robust and interoperable Classic, low energy and dual-mode Bluetooth products.
For more information about the ComProbe BPA 600 analyzer, see http://www.fte.com/getbpa600.

2.2 Quick Start

Using ATS for accessory development is a snap! Just follow these steps:

2.2.1 What is your accessory's type?

There are several ways to connect the above equipment to ATS. You should use the method most appropriate
for your accessory:

● If your accessory sends iAP data over the UART transport, it is an iAP-over-UART accessory.
● If your accessory sends iAP data over the USB transport, it is an iAP-over-USB accessory.
● If your accessory sends both iAP and CarPlay data over the USB transport, it is a CarPlay-over-USB accessory.
● If your accessory sends iAP data over the Bluetooth transport, it is an iAP-over-Bluetooth accessory.
● If your accessory sends iAP data over the Smart Connector transport, it is an iAP-over-Smart Connector
accessory.
● If your accessory sends iAP data over the Lightning Audio transport, it is an iAP-over-Lightning Audio
accessory.
● If your accessory does not send iAP data it is a Non-iAP accessory.

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2.2 Quick Start

2.2.2 iAP-over-Smart Connector, iAP-over-UART, or Non-iAP

For accessories that do not transmit iAP-over-USB, you only need to connect an ATS Box.

1. Connect an ATS Box to your Mac as shown. For 30-pin accessories, use an ATS 30-pin Box. For Lightning
accessories, use an ATS Lightning Box. For Smart Connector accessories, use an ATS Smart Connector Box.

Figure 2-3 ATS Box Configuration (Non-USB)

iOS device

AC/DC plug

Powered USB hub ATS box

Mac

Accessory

2. Start the ATS application and dismiss the Welcome Screen.

3. Select a capture device from the Capture Configuration Assistant.

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4. For Smart Connector, click Start Capture to begin sniffing traffic. For other connectors, Click Continue.
5. Select the UART transport.

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2. Accessory Test System
2.2 Quick Start

6. Click Continue.
7. Select the accessory's supported protocol (Lightning connector only).

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8. Click Start Capture.

2.2.3 iAP-over-Lightning Audio

1. Connect an ATS Lightning Audio Box to your Mac as shown.

Figure 2-4 ATS Lightning Audio Box Configuration

iOS device

AC/DC plug

Powered USB hub ATS box

Mac

Accessory

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2.2 Quick Start

2. Start the ATS application and dismiss the Welcome Screen.

3. Configure the Advanced Capture Configuration window by specifying the Lightning Audio transport, the
version of iAP your accessory supports, and the ATS Lightning Audio Box to use.

4. Click Start Capture.

You may now start using ATS. For more detailed information, see the following sections of this document.

2.2.4 iAP-over-USB (Lightning) or CarPlay-over-USB

For iAP-over-USB accessories which use the Lightning connector, as well as for CarPlay-over-USB accessories,
you must connect additional equipment.

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2.2 Quick Start

1. Connect the equipment as shown.

Figure 2-5 ATS Lightning Box USB Configuration

iOS device

AC/DC plug

Powered USB hub

ATS Lightning box

Mac

A
Beagle USB 480 Accessory
B

Note: The Beagle USB 480 analyzer must be connected to Port A of the ATS Lightning Box. Port
B must remain empty and is reserved for future use.

2. Select an ATS Lightning Box from the Capture Configuration Assistant.

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2. Accessory Test System
2.2 Quick Start

3. Click Continue.
4. Select the "USB"transport.

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5. Click Continue.
6. Specify the role of the Apple device as USB Host or USB Device.

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2. Accessory Test System
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7. Click Continue.
8. Select a Beagle USB 480 analyzer from the menu.

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2. Accessory Test System
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9. Click Continue.
10. Select the accessory's supported protocol.

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Note: In order to capture CarPlay traffic, the "CarPlay control session"checkbox must be selected.

11. Click Start Capture.

You may now start using ATS. For more detailed information, see the following sections of this document.

2.2.5 iAP-over-USB (30-pin)

For iAP-over-USB accessories which utilize the 30-pin connector, you must connect additional equipment.

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2.2 Quick Start

1. Connect the equipment as shown.

Figure 2-6 ATS 30-pin Box USB Configuration

iOS device

AC/DC plug

Powered USB hub

ATS box

Mac

A
Beagle USB 480 Accessory
B

2. Configure the Advanced Capture Configuration window by specifying the USB transport, the Apple device's
USB role (host or device), the version of iAP your accessory supports, and the ATS 30-pin Box and Beagle
USB 480 analyzer to use.

3. Click Start Capture.

You may now start using ATS. For more detailed information, see the following sections of this document.

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2.2.6 iAP-over-Bluetooth
1. Configure the equipment as shown.

Figure 2-7 Bluetooth Configuration

To Mac ComProbe

2. Select a ComProbe BPA analyzer from the Capture Configuration Assistant.

3. Click Continue.
4. Select the "New Bluetooth capture configuration"option. Alternatively, you may select "Use a saved Bluetooth
capture configuration"if you have previously started a capture and would like to use the same configuration.

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2.2 Quick Start

5. Click Continue.
6. Select which Apple device you would like to capture Bluetooth data from. Click Start Inquiry if the Apple
device is not in the list.

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7. Click Continue.
8. Select the accessory you would like to capture Bluetooth data from. Click Start Inquiry if the accessory is
not in the list.

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9. Click Continue.
10. Follow the instructions on screen and enter the Bluetooth link key in the field.

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11. Click Continue.

12. Select the accessory's supported protocol.

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13. Click Continue.

14. Review your selections and follow the instructions on screen for starting a Bluetooth capture.

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15. Click Start Capture.

You may now start using ATS. For more detailed information, see the following sections of this document.

2.2.7 CarPlay and AirPlay 2

2.2.7.1 Enabling Traffic Decryption

CarPlay over USB sessions are encrypted in iOS 8.3 and later for CarPlay accessories that support it. In order
for ATS to decrypt the CarPlay session with iOS 8.3 through iOS 9.2, you must use ATS Utility to turn on the
"Enable CarPlay Traffic Sniffing"switch before the CarPlay session begins. For iOS 9.3.1 and later, use ATS Utility
to "Enable Traffic Decryption"which will install an AirPlay Diagnostic Mode configuration profile that will remain
installed for up to six months.

All wireless CarPlay and AirPlay 2 sessions are encrypted. Use ATS Utility to "Enable Traffic Decryption"which
will install the AirPlay Diagnostic Mode configuration profile —that will remain installed for up to six months
—prior to capturing Wi-Fi traffic in ATS.

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2.2 Quick Start

2.2.7.2 CarPlay over USB

Note: Capture Requirements

In order to capture an encrypted CarPlay over USB session, you must follow the instructions from
Enabling Traffic Decryption (page 29).

ATS can be configured to capture CarPlay over USB using either the Total Phase Beagle USB 480 analyzer alone
or with the ATS Lightning Box. To capture with only the Beagle USB 480 analyzer, use the Advanced Capture
Configuration and disable the "Use ATS Box"option.

2.2.7.3 CarPlay and AirPlay 2 over Wi-Fi

Note: Wireless Capture Requirements

In order to capture a wireless CarPlay or AirPlay 2 session, you must be using OS X El Capitan or later.
All wireless sessions are encrypted, so you must follow the instructions from Enabling Traffic
Decryption (page 29). Xcode must be installed and opened at least once before starting a capture.
Xcode can be downloaded from https://developer.apple.com/xcode. Make sure you've chosen to
trust the attached computer on the Apple device before starting a capture.

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2.3 Hardware Considerations

ATS can capture CarPlay or AirPlay 2 traffic over Wi-Fi using just your Apple device, a Mac, and an MFi-certified
Lightning cable. To begin a Wi-Fi capture, first ensure you meet the requirements described above. Connect
your Apple device to the Mac with a Lightning cable and select File >New >Advanced Capture. Select the
"Wi-Fi"tab and choose your Apple device from the list.

2.3 Hardware Considerations

There are several things to keep in mind when using ATS to ensure validation occurs correctly.

2.3.1 Connecting an ATS Smart Connector Box to your Mac

Before connecting an ATS Smart Connector Box to your Mac, make sure the box is not connected to an Apple
device or an accessory. Failure to do so prevents the ATS Smart Connector Box from operating correctly. When
the ATS Smart Connector Box is in this state, the green PASS light on its enclosure will not turn on. To resolve
the issue, disconnect the ATS Smart Connector Box from your Mac and then reconnect it after removing the
Apple device or accessory.

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2.3.2 Connector Adapters

30-pin accessories must use the ATS 30-pin Box. Lightning accessories must use the ATS Lightning Box. Accessory
developers must not connect a Lightning to 30-pin Adapter to the accessory side of the ATS Lightning Box. If
your accessory uses the Lightning to 30-pin Adapter, then the ATS 30-pin Box must be used instead of the ATS
Lightning Box. Either variant of the Lightning to 30-pin Adapter may be used (the Lightning to 30-pin Adapter
and the Lightning to 30-pin Adapter (0.2 m)). See Figure 2-8 (page 32).

Note: 30-pin Accessories Cannot Claim Compatibility with Lightning

Adapters may only be used in Sniffer mode and are not allowed during certification.

Figure 2-8 Permitted Adapter Configurations

iOS device iOS device

ATS box Adapter

Adapter ATS box

Accessory Accessory

2.3.3 Connection Order

When attaching devices to the ATS 30-pin Box, the Apple device must always be connected before connecting
an accessory. For the ATS Lightning Box, the order is reversed: the accessory must be connected before the
Apple device is connected. Neither the accessory nor the Apple device should be connected to the ATS Box
when the capture begins.

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2.3 Hardware Considerations

Note: A Warning About the ATS Lightning Box When Connecting

The ATS Lightning Box Lightning connector must be plugged directly into the Apple device. Once
inserted, do not torque the Lightning connector. Improper use may result in the breakage of the
ATS Lightning Box or Apple device.

2.3.4 Accessory Connection Orientation

Although the Lightning connector supports multiple orientations, the ATS Lightning Box requires that the
connector be inserted in a specific orientation. When connecting your accessory to the ATS Lightning Box,
ensure that the light next to the accessory connector is green and not red. If red, turn the connector over and
re-insert.

2.3.5 ATS Lightning Box without USB Traffic

When configuring a capture with the ATS Lightning Box and with an accessory which does not use USB, the
Total Phase Beagle USB 480 analyzer must not be physically connected to the ATS Lightning Box. Connection
of a Beagle USB 480 analyzer will prevent accurate voltage measurements of the D+/D- lines and prevent
correct operation of brick detection and load testing.

2.3.6 Capturing iAP-over-Bluetooth

When configuring a capture with a ComProbe BPA analyzer make sure to turn the Apple device's Bluetooth
off before starting the capture. Once the capture has begun, turn the Apple device's Bluetooth back on, connect
to your accessory, and begin using it.

Due to the inherent nature of capturing data wirelessly, ATS may not be able to always correctly capture the
communication between the Apple device and accessory. If there is too much RF interference, or the Apple
device and accessory are placed incorrectly with respect to the ComProbe BPA analyzer you may see missing
Bluetooth data in the ATS trace. To help alleviate these issues make sure that the ComProbe BPA analyzer,
Apple device, and accessory are placed to form an equilateral triangle during capture. You should also make
sure that the RF environment is free of noise by turning off other devices or equipment that may use the 2.4
GHz frequency range for features such as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth.

Note: Reducing RF Interference with Shielding Cloth

If excessive RF noise is interfering with ATS's ability to capture iAP traffic, consider using RF shielding
cloth to protect your test environment.

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Note: ATS Only Supports One ComProbe BPA analyzer

ATS only supports one active ComProbe BPA analyzer capture at a time. Starting a second ComProbe
BPA analyzer capture before stopping the first one may result in unexpected behavior.

Note: iAP Detection and SDP

ATS relies on seeing a Service Discovery Protocol (SDP) exchange during the capture in order to
determine which RFCOMM channel contains iAP. If SDP is not seen, an info message will be posted
when an RFCOMM channel opens informing you that ATS may be ignoring an iAP channel. This is
not an indication of bad behavior, but rather a technical limitation of the capture environment.

2.4 Installation and Updates

2.4.1 Software Installation

For Mac system requirements, see Mac Hardware and Apple Software (page 8). If needed, use the "Software
Update… "command under the Apple menu or check the Mac App Store to get an updated version of macOS.

Download the .zip bundle containing the latest ATS application from the MFi Portal. For more information
about connecting to the MFi Portal, contact your MFi Representative. Unzip the bundle then copy the ATS
application to your "Applications"folder.

You will be required to login with your Apple ID and password before updating ATS. You must use an Apple
ID that's configured as an ATS user in the MFi portal.

2.4.2 Hardware Connection

For accessories that do not send iAP-over-USB or iAP-over-Bluetooth, connect the ATS Box to the Mac running
the ATS application. The USB port to which the ATS Box is connected must be a high-power port capable of
running at least full speed USB operation, which typically excludes keyboard USB ports.

For accessories that send iAP-over-USB, also connect the MFi 30-pin Breakout board and Beagle USB 480
analyzer.

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2.4 Installation and Updates

Note: A Warning About USB Connections

The Total Phase Beagle USB 480 analyzer has three connections: one for the ATS host computer, and
two for MFi 30-pin Breakout board or the ATS Lightning Box. Never connect the Beagle USB 480
analyzer ATS host connection to the same USB bus on which the Apple device and accessory
communicate. If you do so, the Beagle USB 480 analyzer will recursively capture its own data and
ATS performance will dramatically suffer.

For accessories that send iAP-over-Bluetooth, connect the ComProbe BPA analyzer to the Mac running the ATS
application.

2.4.3 Testing the Installation

2.4.3.1 Captures with ATS Boxes

After connecting the hardware, run the ATS application by double-clicking the ATS application icon in your
Applications folder. If your Mac requires an updated FTDI USB serial driver, ATS will notify you, then launch
the FTDI USB serial driver installer. Once installation is complete, ATS will proceed normally. Attempt to connect
to the ATS Box by starting a capture using the Capture Configuration Assistant, which can be opened through
the application's File menu or by clicking ATS in your dock.

2.4.3.2 Captures with a ComProbe BPA analyzer

Before connecting the ComProbe BPA analyzer hardware, run the ATS application by double-clicking the ATS
application icon in your Applications folder. If your Mac requires an updated ComProbe BPA analyzer driver,
ATS will notify you, then launch the driver installer. Once installation is complete, you may attach the ComProbe
BPA analyzer and begin using it.

2.4.4 Firmware Updates

Updates for the ATS Box firmware, Beagle USB 480 analyzer firmware, and ComProbe BPA analyzer firmware
are contained in the ATS application bundle. If an ATS application update includes firmware that is newer than
the version on the selected capture hardware, ATS will prompt you to update the firmware.

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This step should only be necessary once per application / firmware update.

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2.5 ATS User Interface

2.4.5 Reporting Bugs

To report bugs or request enhancements to ATS, file a New Problem at https://bugreport.apple.com. Include
"MFi ATS"in the Title field. When reporting bugs, attach an ATS trace file that demonstrates the issue.

2.5 ATS User Interface

2.5.1 Capture Document

The main window of the ATS application consists of a set of buttons, menu items and controls, plus a real-time
display of hardware-related messages and iAP traffic.

Analysis begins immediately after the document is created through the Capture Configuration Assistant. A
new Capture Document can also be created using the Advanced Capture Configuration window under File
>New >Advanced Capture… , or by pressing Command-Option-N.

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Note: Quick Capture

There's a quick and convenient way of starting a capture. Either select the "Quick Capture"item under
the "Capture"menu, or press Command-Shift-N. A new Capture Document will be created and
automatically connect to the first available capture device(s) using your previous capture settings.

The "Time"field serves two purposes. First, it indicates the timestamp of the currently selected event in the
current traffic category. Second, it allows you to enter a timestamp, which causes ATS to automatically select
the event nearest the entered timestamp.

Note: A Warning About Timestamps

The ATS Box and the Total Phase Beagle USB 480 analyzer have separate, unrelated clocks. ATS does
not synchronize timestamps between the ATS Box and the Beagle USB 480 analyzer. Timestamps
from any of the ATS Box categories cannot be reliably correlated with timestamps from any of the
Beagle USB 480 analyzer categories. For example, you cannot reliably correlate the arrival of an
"Accessory Detect"event in the iAP Packets over UART category with the arrival of an iAP packet in
the iAP Packets over USB HID view.

The "Clear"button clears information from all categories. Note: when saving a trace, all data will be saved, even
data that has been cleared.

The "Categories"button can be used to toggle the display of the pane that allows selection of various categories.
Consider hiding this pane when using a small screen, or screen area is otherwise scarce.

The "Details"button enables display of additional information for the currently selected event.

The filter gives you the ability to limit information displayed in any of the traffic categories. For example, if
you're only interested in seeing all occurrences of the word "ContextButtonStatus,"simply type
"ContextButtonStatus"in the filter field. The traffic category will only show rows that include the word
"ContextButtonStatus."The filter will match strings across any of the fields. So if you type the word "Extended,"it
will match "Extended Interface"in the Lingo column, "EnterExtendedInterfaceMode"in the command column,
and any occurrences of the word "Extended"in the Description column.

Clicking the filter's magnifying glass allows you to exclude information from the traffic categories. This can be
useful if there are less-relevant rows making it difficult to see important information in the trace.

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To aid in the analysis of ATS traces, you may insert separators or annotations directly in the ATS trace. This is
helpful to bring attention to certain information. To insert a separator or annotation, select a row, right click,
then choose one of the available options. Alternatively, you may insert separators or annotations by choosing
one of the "Insert Annotation"options under the Capture menu. Similarly, if you have already added an
annotation or separator and would like to remove it, select the row, right click, then choose remove.

2.5.2 Categories
Once a capture has begun, a list of categories will be displayed along the left side of the capture document.
These enable you to review the behavior of your accessory in different ways. Some categories will only be
displayed under certain circumstances. For example, the "iAP Packets over USB HID"category is only available
when capturing that type of traffic. Possible categories include:

● iAP Packets over UART

● iAP Packets over USB HID
● iAP Packets over USB Bulk Pipe
● iAP Packets over Bluetooth
● iAP2 Control Session
● iAP2 File Transfer Session
● iAP2 External Accessory Session
● iAP2 Link Packets over UART
● UART Native HID
● iAP2 Link Packets over Wi-Fi
● CarPlay Session
● HTTP Control
● PTP Messages
● TCP
● Bonjour Services
● UDP
● Network

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● NCM
● iAP2 Link Packets over USB HID
● USB HID Reports for iAP
● USB Transfers
● USB Transactions
● USB Packets
● iAP2 Link Packets over Lightning Audio
● Lightning Audio HID
● Lightning Audio External Accessory Session
● iAP2 Link Packets over Smart Connector
● Smart Connector Native HID
● Smart Connector External Accessory Session
● Measurements
● iAP Summary
● Hardware Summary
● Network Summary

The list of categories may be hidden by clicking on the "Categories"button in the toolbar.

2.5.3 iAP Packets and iAP2 Control Session Categories

Four types of iAP Packets categories may be available depending upon your configuration:

● iAP Packets over UART

● iAP Packets over USB HID
● iAP Packets over USB Bulk Pipe
● iAP Packets over Bluetooth

When using iAP2 the following message categories may also be available:

● iAP2 Control Session over UART

● iAP2 Control Session over USB HID
● iAP2 Control Session over USB Bulk Pipe
● iAP2 Control Session over Bluetooth

The primary purpose of these categories is to display iAP packets, iAP2 messages, errors and warnings. Depending
on your configuration you may see connection information as well. For example, in the iAP Packets over UART
category, you may see Apple device or accessory connection information. In iAP Packets over USB, you may
see USB reset information.

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Note: Missing iAP Packets Over USB?

ATS does not thoroughly validate USB level information. It only captures enough USB information
to assemble iAP packets. If you expect to see iAP over the USB transport but see none, check whether
ATS displays error messages in any of the USB categories. If so, exit ATS and use the Total Phase Data
Center application to debug your accessory's USB communication.

2.5.3.1 Fields in iAP2 Control Session Categories

The iAP2 Control Session categories include a number of descriptive fields for iAP2 Control Session traffic
observed by ATS.

The "Timestamp"field provides an absolute timestamp for each event. (Review the warning about timestamps
above.)

The "Status"field can indicate whether a problem occurred with each particular event.

The "Source"field describes the source of the traffic. For iAP2 traffic, this will be either "Apple device"or
"accessory"depending on which device sent the packet. For hardware-level notifications, such as those alerting
the ATS application that a device has been attached or removed, the source will read "ATS Lightning Box".

The "Name", and "Description"fields provide a human-readable description of the contents of each iAP2 message
or hardware-level event.

2.5.3.2 Fields in iAP Packets Categories

The iAP Packets categories include a number of descriptive fields for iAP traffic observed by ATS.

The "Timestamp"field provides an absolute timestamp for each event. (Review the warning about timestamps
above.)

The "Status"field can indicate whether a problem occurred with each particular event.

The "Source"field describes the source of the traffic. For iAP traffic, this will be either "Apple device"or
"accessory"depending on which device sent the packet. For hardware-level notifications, such as those alerting
the ATS application that a device has been attached or removed, the source will read "ATS".

The "Lingo", "Command", and "Description"fields provide a human-readable description of the contents of
each iAP packet or hardware-level event.

Note: groupBy Default, Sync Bytes are not Displayed

By default, any extra-packet 0xFF sync bytes (used to wake the Apple device or otherwise) do not
appear in the packet view. You may configure ATS to display these bytes in the ATS preferences.

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2.5.4 CarPlay

2.5.4.1 CarPlay Control Session and Network Categories

The following traffic categories are available when capturing CarPlay session:

● CarPlay Session
● HTTP Control
● TCP
● Bonjour Services
● UDP
● Network
● NCM (CarPlay-over-USB only)

2.5.4.2 CarPlay Session and HTTP Control

The CarPlay Session category displays CarPlay messages exchanged between the Apple device and the accessory.
The HTTP Control category displays the HTTP requests and responses from which the CarPlay Session data is
parsed.

2.5.4.3 TCP, UDP, Bonjour Services, Network, and NCM

The TCP and UDP categories display TCP packets and UDP datagrams exchanged during a CarPlay session.
Bonjour Services category displays the Bonjour service instance that the CarPlay accessory is advertising on
the network. The Network category displays an even more complete picture of the network traffic by including
Bonjour records and ethernet frames not associated with a TCP or UDP stream. The NCM category displays
individual NCM transfer blocks. The NCM category is only seen in CarPlay-over-USB captures.

2.5.5 AirPlay 2

2.5.5.1 AirPlay 2 Network Categories

The following traffic categories are available when capturing AirPlay 2 session:

● HTTP Control
● PTP Messages
● TCP
● Bonjour Services
● UDP
● Network

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2.5.5.2 HTTP Control

The HTTP Control category displays the HTTP requests and responses exchanged during an AirPlay 2 session.

2.5.5.3 PTP Messages

The PTP Messages (Precision Time Protocol) category displays the Event and General messages exchanged
between the Apple device and the accessory to synchronize their clocks during an AirPlay 2 session.

2.5.5.4 TCP, UDP, Bonjour Services, and Network

The TCP and UDP categories display TCP packets and UDP datagrams exchanged during an AirPlay 2 session.
Bonjour Services category displays all the Bonjour service instances that all the accessories on the network are
advertising. The Network category displays an even more complete picture of the network traffic by including
Bonjour records and ethernet frames not associated with a TCP or UDP stream.

2.5.6 Copying Trace Data

Information from the traffic window may be copied and pasted into other applications. Simply select several
rows of traffic then press Command-C to copy the data. Then open another application and press Command-V.
This is a convenient way to reference test results in email. The pasted data is formatted as comma-separated
values.

2.5.7 Error Reporting

As ATS detects accessory errors, it adds feedback in the main traffic window. A more detailed view of each
message is available in the "Details"pane of each traffic category.

The bottom right corner of the Capture Document will also provide a count of all the errors and warnings in
the trace.

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2.5.8 iAP2 File Transfer Session Category

The iAP2 File Transfer Session category displays data from the iAP2 File Transfer Session declared during iAP2
link synchronization.

2.5.9 iAP2 External Accessory Session Category

The iAP2 External Accessory Session category displays data from the iAP2 EA Session declared during iAP2 link
synchronization.

Note: External Accessory Native Transport

ATS does not capture External Accessory Native Transport (USB Host Mode) data, and therefore the
External Accessory Session category will remain blank in this configuration. ATS will, however, validate
the accessory's configuration with this setup.

2.5.10 Measurements Category

The Measurements category provides a way of visualizing the behavior of the Apple device and your accessory
over time. This view is only available when using the ATS 30-pin Box.

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The Measurements category provides a graphical area that shows various pin states over time. Below the
graphical area is a summary of each pin state, their minimum, maximum and average values. The value of each
pin at a particular time can be shown by clicking any point within the graphical area.

The "Clear"button affects the Measurements category in the same manner as the traffic categories.

Note: High Impedance

High impedance is displayed in the Measurements view as "inf kΩ ,"an abbreviation for "infinite
kilo-ohms."

2.5.11 Hardware Category

The Hardware category provides a real time summary of various hardware related information observed during
the capture.

2.5.11.1 Electrical (ATS Lightning Box)

The "Electrical"section of the Hardware category contains observations about the electrical behavior of the
accessory. It contains the following information:

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2.5.11.2 Electrical (ATS 30-pin Box)

The "Electrical"section of the Hardware category contains observations about the electrical behavior of the
accessory. It contains the following information:

The "accessory detect"section counts the number of rising and falling edges on pin 20 of the 30-pin connector.
This information may help detect failures or inconsistencies in how an accessory drives this pin, which should
typically be grounded.

The "ID resistor"section reports the accessory ID resistor value on pin 10 measured by the ATS 30-pin Box, and
also displays how close the value is to the nominal value for a given accessory type. Due to measurement
resolution, the exact numerical value that is displayed may differ slightly from what is in the circuit.

The "accessory power"section shows the average accessory current consumption during the most recent one
second. Individual current samples are taken at a rate of approximately 500 Hz.

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The "pin voltages"section reports the voltages present on the FireWire, USB Vbus, USB D+ and USB D- pins.
Non-zero FireWire voltages are displayed in red as a reminder that FireWire-based charging is no longer allowed
for new accessory designs. If the three USB voltages are all within specification for a 500 mA, 1 A, or 2.1 A
charging accessory, this fact will be noted below the voltages. For USB D+ and D- voltage measurements to
be made, no Apple device may be connected. This ensures that if an iAP-over-USB accessory happens to be
connected to the ATS 30-pin Box, it will not have its USB signal integrity affected by attempts by the ATS 30-pin
Box to measure its USB D+ and D- voltages as though it were a USB charging accessory.

The "Tx-to-iPod (pin 18)"field reports the voltage on the accessory serial transmit pin. Voltages outside of the
legal range for the marking-high/idle state will be shown in red.

The "Reserved (pin 14)"and "Reserved (pin 17)"fields report whether the accessory incorrectly drives or correctly
leaves as floating the two 30-pin connector pins marked as reserved for future use.

The "Nominal baud rate"field is determined by looking for standard baud rates in the vicinity of the actual
baud rates measured for iAP traffic from the accessory. Only 19200 bps and 57600 bps are allowed for new
accessory designs, so rates other than these will be shown in red.

2.5.11.3 Serial Transport

The "Serial Transport"section of the Hardware category contains statistics about the quality of the serial data
transmitted by the accessory. It includes the following information:

The two "Max baud rate error"fields latch the highest observed deviations from the nominal baud rate, according
to both the 0xFF (start-bit) and 0x55 methods. A worst-case deviation between 2% and 3% is shown in yellow.
A worst-case deviation beyond 3% is shown in red. Significant deviation of these values from nominal typically
indicates firmware and/or hardware problems with an accessory.

2.5.12 Summary Category

The Summary category displays sections which provide real time accessory information as a high level overview
of the events seen.

All fields in the Summary category sections can be reset with the "Clear"toolbar button.

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2.5.12.1 iAP Section

The iAP category provides real time information about the state of iAP.

2.5.12.2 Identification (iAP2) Section

The "Identification"section of the iAP category summarizes accessory identification information, providing
useful excerpts from the latest information available. This includes the following:

2.5.12.3 Identification (iAP1) Section

The "Identification"section of the iAP category summarizes both Apple device and accessory identification
settings, preferences, and other information. It includes the following information:

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The "Lingoes used"field provides a bit-field summarizing all lingoes for which the accessory has sent at least
one packet.

The "Lingoes ACK'd"field provides a bit field summarizing all lingoes for which the Apple device has sent a
positive (successful) acknowledgement back to the accessory. Because not all lingoes include ACK commands,
these two fields will not, in general, be the same. (Each offers a particular kind of iAP traffic summary, which
may or may not be relevant to the problem at hand.)

The "iPod SW"field shows the version information sent by the Apple device in response to
GetiPodSoftwareVersion.

The "Bundle Seed ID"field shows the application ID provided by the accessory.

The "EA protocol"shows the reverse domain name protocol name representing the External Accessory framework
protocol that the accessory supports.

The transaction ID state represents whether ATS expects to see transaction IDs.

The "Accessory info"fields provide human-readable description of all information returned by the accessory
via RetAccessoryInfo iAP packets.

The Lingo usage table indicates whether each lingo has been identified for and its version information sent
by the Apple device in response to RequestLingoProtocolVersion.

2.5.12.4 Authentication Section

The "Authentication"fields of the iAP category provide the total elapsed time taken to complete authentication
(for iAP only), as well as the level of authentication used and (in the case of level 2 authentication) the serial
number and class of the authentication coprocessor IC. The total elapsed time is defined to start with the
accessory's IdentifyDeviceLingoes packet and to end with the Apple device's successful acknowledgement of
authentication via a RetDevAuthenticationStatus packet.

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2.5.13 Preferences
The ATS preferences pane provides the ability to customize ATS's behavior. The preferences are accessible
under the ATS menu.

2.5.13.1 Traffic Preferences

The "Timestamp units"setting gives you the ability to change the format of the timestamps shown in any of
the traffic categories. The available options are:

Table 2-1 Timestamp units options

Option Description
s display the time expressed in number of seconds
m:s.ms.us.ns display the time in units separated into minutes : seconds . milliseconds . microseconds . nanoseconds
ns display the time expressed in number of nanoseconds

The "System time format"preference allows you to change the format of the System Time column in all of the
traffic categories. The available options are:

Table 2-2 System time format options

Option Description
HH:mm:ss.SSS display the system time

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Option Description
MMM dd HH:mm:ss.SSS display the system date and time
yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS z display the system date and time in GMT timezone format

The "Traffic Colors"preference allows you to change the color of iAP and CarPlay packets shown in any of the
traffic categories based upon their source.

The "Set Font… "button allows you to change the font, size and styling of the text used in the traffic categories.
The Default button reverts this setting back to its original state.

2.5.13.2 Bluetooth Preferences

The "Bluetooth Devices"table displays all of the stored Bluetooth devices that have been seen during device
inquiry. You can delete unwanted Bluetooth devices by selecting them in the table and clicking the "-"button
below the table.

The "Bluetooth Devices Configuration"table displays all of the stored Bluetooth capture configurations. You
can delete unwanted configurations by selecting them in the table and clicking the "-"button below the table.

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2.5.13.3 Specification Support

When an error is detected in an ATS capture, you can view the Accessory Interface Specification from within the
ATS capture window to quickly look up the referenced topic.

The specification can be loaded in ATS by selecting an error in the ATS capture, or by clicking the "+"button
in the ATS preferences pane, see Preferences (page 50). Similarly, the specification can be removed by clicking
the "-"button below the table.

At this time this feature can be used to look up references for only iAP2 and CarPlay specification violations.

To load a specification from within an ATS capture window:

1. In an ATS capture, double-click on a row of traffic that contains an error. This will reveal the Details sidebar.
2. In the Details sidebar, locate section "Spec Reference". If you have not yet loaded a specification, you will

see the text "You have not loaded any specs yet". Click the "Import specs… "link.
3. ATS Preferences will open. Click the "+"button at the bottom of the window.
4. Use the resulting Finder window to select your PDF copy of Accessory Interface Specification.

To view a specification reference from within an ATS capture window:

1. Return to the ATS capture window and double-click on a row of traffic that contains an error. This will
reveal the Details sidebar.

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2. In the Details sidebar, you will now see links to sections of the specification. Clicking links will open the
relevant specification reference in new ATS window.

2.6 USB Vbus Load Test

For 500 mA, 1 A, 2.1 A, and 2.4 A Vbus charging accessories, you may invoke a test of your accessory's power
supply by selecting "Run USB Vbus Load Test"under the "Capture"menu. This test will only run for accessories
that present appropriate D+/D- resistors. Accessories that charge the Apple device but do not present
appropriate D+/D- resistors will not be able to use the USB Vbus Load Test. Additionally when using the ATS
30-pin Box, only a maximum of 1 A load will be applied during the test. For accessories capable of handling
loads greater than 1 A, be sure to conduct additional load testing outside of ATS. Disconnect any Apple device
before running this test.

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2.6 USB Vbus Load Test

The USB Vbus Load Test is run inside of an existing Capture Document. After the test has completed, check
the trace for any errors that were thrown during the test. When using the ATS Lightning Box, a voltage summary
will be displayed when the test completes.

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2.7 Accessory Certification Assistant

2.7 Accessory Certification Assistant

ATS allows you to run MFi self-certification tests and submit the results to Apple. To use the Accessory
Certification Assistant, you must have an Apple ID and password that is registered with the MFi program. For
help registering your Apple ID, contact your MFi Representative.

Note: Disclaimer

ATS is not a comprehensive certification solution. It is ultimately the accessory developer's

responsibility to ensure the accessory complies fully with all specifications required for each product.
If no errors are generated during the test procedure, it is neither guaranteed nor implied that the
accessory has met all certification requirements.

The Accessory Certification Assistant is your guide for running MFi self-certification tests. You can access it via
the Accessory Certification Assistant menu item in the Certification menu. Before running the assistant, make
sure your computer is connected to the Internet.

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The assistant will guide you through the process of configuring and running certification tests for your accessory.
The first step is authentication.

You must be connected to the Internet to use the Certification Assistant. If you are not connected to the
Internet, you will not be able to run any tests. The Certification Assistant connects to the ATS server over an
SSL-encrypted secure connection. Make sure your firewall settings allow you to access the ATS server at:

● Domain: bogart.apple.com, selfcert.apple.com

● Port: 443

Note that ATS is not compatible with SSL proxies or virus scan systems that intercept the secure communication
between ATS and ATS's backend systems.

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Use your Apple ID credentials that were registered with the MFi program to access the Certification Assistant.
For help registering your Apple ID, contact your MFi Representative.

Once you have logged in, you can create a new certificaton configuration, resume an existing one, or view the
results from a past submission.

Note: Submission History Prior to ATS 5.7

If you have previously submitted self-certification test results with ATS 5.6 or earlier, those submissions
will not be visible in the ATS 5.7 Accessory Certification Assistant.

2.7.1 Creating a New Certification Configuration

To create a new accessory certification configuration, choose "Create a new certification configuration"and
click Continue. ATS will present you with a list of product plans that are ready for self-certification. If you just
want to test your accessory in the Accessory Certification Assistant and don't want to submit your results,
choose the "Test Mode"accessory.

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In order to validate the behavior of your accessory, ATS needs to know how it connects to Apple devices and
what features it uses or supports. ATS will ask you to specify all of the accessory's connectors.

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When ATS has collected all of the information it needs, it will present you with a review screen showing all of
the details you specified. If you need to change any of the details, click "Go Back"one or more times to get to
the configuration that you need to change. When everything is correct, click Continue to save your configuration
and start testing.

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2.7.2 Testing Your Accessory and Submitting Results

The first screen you see when you begin testing is the Test Center. This screen presents a list of tests you will
need to perform with your accessory and summarizes any test results that you have generated so far. You can
perform the tests in any order, and you can repeat them as many times as you like. Only the most recent test
results will be included when you submit your test data to Apple.

Every time you complete a test, ATS will return you to the Test Center. When you have completed all tests, the
Test Center will present a button allowing you to submit your results to Apple.

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2.7.3 Reviewing Past Submissions

To view test data that you previously submitted to Apple using ATS 5.7 or later, select the submission in the
Select Certification Configuration screen and click Results.

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ATS will present a Submission Test Results window summarizing the contents of the submission. You can see
individual test results in more detail by clicking on one of the View Trace buttons.

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2.8 ATS Utility

2.8 ATS Utility

ATS Utility is an iOS application that runs on the Apple device to facilitate various features in the ATS app. ATS
Utility provides support for retrieving Bluetooth link keys created during Bluetooth pairing, enables sniffing
CarPlay over Wireless traffic for iOS 9.2 or later, and performs network performance tests used for CarPlay
certification. To use ATS Utility, you must use an Apple ID that's registered as an ATS user in the MFi portal.

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2.8 ATS Utility

2.8.1 Software Installation

ATS Utility requires an Apple device running iOS 9.2 or later. If needed, open the Settings app and choose
General >Software Update to get the latest version of iOS (iOS 11.3.1). The latest version of ATS Utility is available
for download from the MFi Portal.

To install ATS Utility on your Apple device, follow these steps:

● On iTunes 12.6 or earlier:

1. Uninstall any existing installation of the app.
2. Download the "ATS Utility.zip"file from https://mfi.apple.com.
3. Unzip the file.
4. Drag "ATS Utility.ipa"into your iTunes app library.
5. Sync "ATS Utility.ipa"to your Apple device using iTunes.
6. Trust the "Apple Inc. - Bluetooth Test Tool"enterprise distribution profile. On iOS 9.2 or later, open the
Settings app and go to "General">"Profile & Device Management">"Apple Inc. - Bluetooth Test Tool"and
tap "Trust".
● On iTunes 12.7 or later:
1. Uninstall any existing installation of the app.
2. Connect your Apple device to your computer.
3. Open iTunes. Locate your Apple device in the left sidebar.
4. Download the "ATS Utility.zip"file from https://mfi.apple.com.
5. Unzip the file.
6. On your computer, locate the "ATS Utility.ipa"that you want to install to your Apple device.
7. Drag "ATS Utility.ipa"from your computer to your Apple device in the left sidebar of iTunes.
8. Trust the "Apple Inc. - Bluetooth Test Tool"enterprise distribution profile. On iOS 9.2 or later, open the
Settings app and go to "General">"Profile & Device Management">"Apple Inc. - Bluetooth Test Tool"and
tap "Trust".

If you see an "Untrusted Enterprise App"alert, verify that you've followed the procedure described above to
trust the provisioning profile.

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2.8.2 Bluetooth Link Keys

ATS Utility provides a table of Bluetooth accessories that the Apple device has been paired with. The accessory's
name is shown at the top of the row and the link key associated with that accessory is shown at the bottom.
The table will only show accessories that advertise support for iAP (accessory includes the Service Class UUID
for the iAP protocol in its Extended Inquiry Response packet). Double tapping on a row will bring up the
accessory's MAC address.

Use this functionality of ATS Utility in ATS's Capture Configuration Assistant when you are prompted to enter
the Bluetooth link key.

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2.8.3 CarPlay Performance Tests

CarPlay accessories must meet minimum network throughput and latency requirements in order to pass
self-certification. ATS Utility includes an implementation of the Iperf network performance analysis tool that
CarPlay accessory developers can use to verify that their accessory meets the minimum requirements. ATS
Utility supports performance tests for CarPlay via USB and CarPlay via Wi-Fi.

Note: CarPlay Accessory Iperf Requirements

In order to support performance tests, the CarPlay accessory must have Iperf 2.0.5 installed locally,
and it must be capable of invoking Iperf in the manner described in the following sections.

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2.8.3.1 Wired Test

2.8.3.1.1 Network Configuration

Tap on 'Wired CarPlay Test'to begin configuring an Iperf test in which the Apple device acts as an Iperf client
and connects to an Iperf server running on the CarPlay accessory. ATS Utility automatically populates the
accessory IP address field with the appropriate address. Iperf client tests use IPv6 when connected to the
CarPlay accessory via USB.

2.8.3.1.2 Running Wired CarPlay Test

ATS Utility will guide you step by step through the test. Follow displayed instructions to complete the test.

Note: Running IPv6 client on CarPlay Accessory

When running IPv6 client, make sure to replace network interface with CarPlay IPv6 interface after
'%'sign in Iperf client command.

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Upon succeessful test completion 'Test Passed'will be presented on the Apple device. Use the share option to
share the results, and upload 'WiredTestSummary.txt'and 'WiredTestSummary.sig'files for verification.

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2.8.3.2 Wireless Tests

Tap on 'Wireless CarPlay Test'to begin configuring an Iperf test in which the Apple device acts as both an Iperf
client and an Iperf server. Apple device will connect to an Iperf server running on the CarPlay accessory and
will simultaneously listen to Iperf client connections from the CarPlay accessory.

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Use the CarPlay Tests screen to enter the details of the Iperf servers running on the CarPlay accessory (such as
IP Address, TCP DL Port, and UDP DL Port). When connected to a CarPlay accessory, ATS Utility automatically
populates the details of the Iperf servers running on the Apple device (such as IP Address, TCP DL Port, and
UDP DL Port). Wireless CarPlay tests use IPv4 when connected to the CarPlay accessory via Wi-Fi.

Tap on one of the CarPlay tests to start a performance test.

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Follow the instructions carefully to successfully complete the test.

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Enter the test environment parameters that will be included along with the test results.

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Tap on 'Run Test'to start the performance test. Each test will guide you through the required steps and show
the Iperf client and server commands that should be invoked on the CarPlay accessory.

Note: Starting an Iperf Client and Server on the CarPlay Accessory

For the wireless tests to work, Iperf clients and servers must be running on the CarPlay accessory.
The Iperf commands to be invoked on the CarPlay accessory will be presented on-screen during the
test.

The following Iperf client flags are supported by ATS Utility for wireless tests:

Table 2-3 TCP Client Flags

Option Value
-i, --interval 1

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Option Value
-w, --window 2M
-t, --time <varies per test, in seconds>
-p, --port <configurable>

Table 2-4 UDP Client Flags

Option Value
-i, --interval 1
-w, --window 2M
-t, --time <varies per test, in seconds>
-p, --port <configurable>
-b, --bandwidth <varies per test>
-d, --dualtest <bidirectional test run simultaneously>

The following Iperf server flags are supported by ATS Utility for wireless tests:

Table 2-5 TCP Server Flags

Option Value
-i, --interval 1
-w, --window 2M
-p, --port <configurable>

Table 2-6 UDP Server Flags

Option Value
-i, --interval 1
-w, --window 2M
-p, --port <configurable>

Note: Verifying the Connectivity

Tap on 'Verify Connectivity'to verify that the CarPlay accessory IP address and ports are configured
correctly. Follow the test instructions carefully to be able to confirm a valid test setup and for
assistance in troubleshooting configuration issues.

2.8.3.3 Legacy Tests

2.8.3.3.1 Client Configuration

Tap on 'Iperf Client Test'to begin configuring an Iperf test in which the Apple device acts as an Iperf client and
connects to an Iperf server running on the CarPlay accessory.

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Use the Client Configuration screen to enter the IP address and port of an Iperf server running on the CarPlay
accessory. When connected to a CarPlay accessory, ATS Utility automatically populates the accessory IP address
field with the appropriate address. Wired Iperf client tests use IPv6 when connected to the CarPlay accessory
via USB.

Note: Starting an Iperf Server on the CarPlay Accessory

For the Iperf client test to work, an Iperf server must be running on the CarPlay accessory. The server
should be invoked as follows:

TCP: IPv6 Server: iperf -s -i 1 -w 128k -p 5001 -V

UDP: IPv6 Server: iperf -s -u -i 1 -w 128k -l 1448 -p 5001 -V

The following Iperf client flags are supported by ATS Utility for wired tests:

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Table 2-7 TCP Client Flags

Option Value
-i, --interval 1
-w, --window 128k
-t, --time 10
-p, --port <configurable>
-V, --ipv6_domain <IPv6 domain>

Table 2-8 UDP Client Flags

Option Value
-i, --interval 1
-w, --window 128k
-t, --time 10
-l, --len 1448
-p, --port <configurable>
-V, --ipv6_domain <IPv6 domain>
-b, --bandwidth <varies per test>

2.8.3.3.2 Server Details

Tap on 'Iperf Sever Test'to get to the Server Details screen where you will find all the information you need to
configure an Iperf test in which the Apple device acts as an Iperf server and listens to the Iperf client connections
from the accessory.

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ATS Utility automatically starts the Iperf IPv6 & IPv4 servers on the Apple device when you navigate to the
Server Details screen, and it keeps the servers running until you tap the Back button. Server Details screen will
display the addresses when connected to the accessory that can assign Apple device IP.

Note: Starting an Iperf Client on the CarPlay Accessory

For the Iperf server test to work, an Iperf client must be running on the CarPlay accessory. The client
should be invoked as follows:

TCP: IPv6 Client: iperf -c fe80::123:12:12a2:a12b%en0 -i 1 -w 128k -t 10 -p 5001 -V

UDP: IPv6 Client: iperf -u -c fe80::123:12:12a2:a12b%en0 -i 1 -w 128k -l 1448 -t 10 -p 5001 -V

The following Iperf server flags are supported by ATS Utility for wired tests:

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Table 2-9 TCP Server Flags

Option Value
-i, --interval 1
-w, --window 128k
-p, --port 5001
-V, --ipv6_domain <IPv6 domain>

Table 2-10 UDP Server Flags

Option Value
-i, --interval 1
-w, --window 128k
-l, --len 1448
-p, --port 5001
-V, --ipv6_domain <IPv6 domain>

2.9 Known Issues

For USB D+ and D- voltage measurements to be made, no Apple device may be connected. This ensures that
if an iAP-over-USB accessory happens to be connected to the ATS Box, it will not have its USB signal integrity
affected by attempts by the ATS Box to measure its USB D+ and D- voltages as though it were a USB charging
accessory.

For USB D+ and D- voltage measurements to be made using an ATS Lightning Box, no Total Phase Beagle USB
480 analyzer may be attached. USB Brick Detect will fail if a Beagle USB 480 analyzer is connected even when
it is not configured in ATS.

For the 30-pin connector, if an accessory happens to use only one of the five available DGND pins, and this
pin happens to be pin 30, then a number of side effects may be caused by the introduction of ATS into the
system. For example, ATS will not properly measure the ID resistor for such an accessory. Because pin 30 is the
recommended pin by which the accessory can detect the presence of Apple device, the ATS 30-pin Box treats
this signal as more than just a basic DGND, so an accessory that relies exclusively on pin 30 for its DGND
connection may behave in unexpected ways. However, an accessory should be designed to use all available
DGND pins as possible.

For the 30-pin connector, ATS keeps Pin 30 grounded at all times, regardless of whether an Apple device is
attached. For this reason you must always connect an Apple device before connecting your accessory. If you
do not, your accessory may attempt to interact with ATS even though no Apple device is connected.

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When running ATS with an accessory that transmits iAP-over-UART at baud rates other than 57600, the first
accessory byte immediately after power-cycling the ATS hardware box may be preceded by a report of a single
phantom unrecognized byte.

For accessories that transmit iAP-over-UART, if sync (0xFF) bytes are not transmitted with iAP packets, then
the ATS autobauder may fail to lock to the serial traffic successfully. In such a case, the likely outcome is a series
of unrecognized bytes in the iAP Packets over UART category.

The ATS autobauder is bounds-checked to a maximum possible reported baud rate. A very narrow glitch in
the serial signal (immediately after accessory start-up, for example) may cause a series of unrecognized bytes
in the iAP traffic category as the autobauder attempts to lock to the serial traffic.

The USB Vbus connection in the 30-pin extender cable has a DC resistance in the range of 200 mΩ to 250 mΩ
. If the extender cable is placed between the accessory under test and the ATS hardware unit, the reported
USB Vbus measurement may be artificially low, especially when the accessory is supplying a full 1 A or 2.1 A
of charging current to Apple device.

For the 30-pin connector, accessories that selectively ground pin 20 based on the state of pin 13 may fail to
be detected during the setup phase of the Certification Assistant tests. Additionally, the accessory is in violation
of the MFi Accessories hardware specification and should be corrected.

When connecting an Apple device to the ATS Box, the Apple device may display a message that states, "This
accessory is not made to work with iPhone."This is caused by the fact that the ATS Box itself is not an accessory.
When using ATS, this message may be ignored. However, you should make sure your accessory does not trigger
this message when connected directly to the Apple device without an ATS Box.

For the 30-pin connector, while running the Certification Assistant, if the Apple device bounces Accessory
Power (pin 13), the Certification Assistant may misinterpret that as a disconnection of the accessory. If this
occurs, you should disconnect your accessory from ATS, dismiss the Certification Assistant's disconnection
dialog, then reattach your accessory. You should then be able to complete the test successfully. If the problem
persists, contact your MFi Representative for additional support.

The Certification Assistant detects connections and disconnections of the accessory. Both physical and
programmatic disconnections are handled in the same way. If your accessory emulates a physical disconnection
by manipulating pin states, it should only do so when the Certification Assistant instructs to disconnect the
accessory. An emulated disconnection at any other time may prematurely terminate the test and cause an
error.

In certain situations, the thresholds of Vbus and device power warnings and errors may change. This is due to
the fact that ATS cannot positively identify the accessory's charging capabilities at all times. For example, ATS
is unable to positively identify the accessory's charging capabilities whenever an Apple device is connected
to the ATS box. These thresholds may change at any time without prior notice. You must satisfy whichever
threshold is described in the MFi specifications for your accessory.

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2.10 Technical Notes

If a ComProbe BPA analyzer is attached before the Frontline driver is installed, the Mac's internal Bluetooth
module may become disabled. If this happens, disconnect the ComProbe BPA analyzer from the Mac, install
the Frontline driver, and reboot the Mac. You may connect the ComProbe BPA analyzer after the Mac has
rebooted.

2.10 Technical Notes

2.10.1 About iAP-Over-UART Baud Rates

An Apple device determines the serial speed of a connected UART accessory by "autobauding"to its Tx signal
on a packet-by-packet basis. This is accomplished by measuring the width of the start bit for each start-of-packet
0xFF byte. This measurement can be distorted by the quality of the accessory's Tx signal, especially if it exhibits
slow rising-edge or falling-edge transitions.

For example, the following two oscilloscope traces show the start bit for an accessory operating at the deprecated
legacy rate of 38400 bps. The vertical cursors have been set to mark the start and the end of a start-of-packet
0xFF bit, and the display format has been inverted to use units of Hertz instead of seconds.

The first trace shows that the actual transmitted bit rate is approximately 38800 bps. This is a deviation of only
1.0% from nominal and is entirely acceptable.

Because the Apple device's serial receiver expects digital signals, however, it will not actually register a
falling-edge transition until the accessory's serial Tx signal drops below a particular voltage threshold. (The
value of this threshold will depend on the generation of Apple device hardware and other factors.)

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The following scope trace shows what may occur as a result. Because the falling edge of the accessory's serial
Tx signal is relatively slow, the measured low-time of the start bit by Apple device may correspond to 41700
bps instead of 38800 bps. Such an 8.5% deviation from the nominal rate is unacceptable.

In addition to reporting the results of 0xFF start-bit autobauding, ATS also measures the bit time implied by
the time taken for the accessory to transmit the eight data bits of the 0x55 byte that follows each start-of-packet
0xFF byte. It is possible for this alternate measurement method to be affected by the same rise-time and
fall-time problems that affect the start-bit method, but the bit-time error should be reduced by a factor of
roughly eight, given the measurement of eight bits instead of one.

Even though the Apple device does not do 0x55-based autobauding, ATS reports the results from both
measurement methods because large differences between the two are generally indicative of hardware errors,
firmware errors, or both. If the rate from 0x55-based autobauding closely matches the intended rate, then the
accessory firmware is probably using the right crystal and UART clock divisor. If the rate from 0xFF start-bit-based
autobauding shows large errors, however, potential problems with the accessory's serial Tx signal should be
investigated further via an oscilloscope.

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3. ATS Lightning Box

Figure 3-1 ATS Lightning Box

Some test procedures in this specification require the use of the Accessory Test System (ATS) Lightning box.
This box requires associated ATS software to function; this software may be downloaded from the MFi Portal.
Self-certification activities must always use the most recent version of the ATS software.

Additional test hardware may be required to complete certification:

● Total Phase Beagle USB 480 analyzer, required to capture iAP2 over USB traffic.
● Frontline ComProbe BPA 100 analyzer, required to capture iAP2 over Bluetooth traffic.
● Lightning Connector Extension Cable

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4. ATS Lightning Audio Box

Figure 4-1 ATS Lightning Audio Box

Some test procedures in this specification require the use of the Accessory Test System (ATS) Lightning Audio
box. This box requires associated ATS software to function; this software may be downloaded from the MFi
Portal. Self-certification activities must always use the most recent version of the ATS software.

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5. ATS Smart Connector Box

Figure 5-1 ATS Smart Connector Box

Some test procedures in this specification require the use of the Accessory Test System (ATS) Smart Connector
box. This box requires associated ATS software to function; this software may be downloaded from the MFi
Portal. Self-certification activities must always use the most recent version of the ATS software.

Additional test hardware may be required to complete certification:

● MFi Lightning Tester

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Apple Inc.
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