Design and Development of Rice Planter Machine 2023 -24

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The successful completion of any task would be incomplete without mentioning the people
who made it passible by providing guidelines, facilities, and encouragement for the same We
wish to express our deep gratitude to our institution P. E. S. COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING, MANDYA and more profoundly to the DEPARTMENT OF
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING.

We are indeed indebted to our guide Mr. HEMANTH M, Assistant Professor for giving us an
opportunity to carry out this project work under his supervision. He has been very kind and
patient whalesuggesting us the outlines of the project and has clarified all our doubts whenever
we approached him. We thank him for his overall support for completing this project.

We profoundly thank Dr. RUDRESH ADDAMANI, Associate Professor and HOD for his
constant support and encouragement.

We express our immense thanks to Dr. H M NAJUNDA SWAMY, Principal for providing all
the facilities for the successful completion of the project.

We also thank all the staff members and friends who directly or indirectly helped us in the
completion of this project. We sincerely thank and acknowledge all the authors whose
literature was refer to red and extensively used in this project.

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CONTENT
CHAPTER PAGE.NO

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 INRTODUCTION…………………………………………….5

2.OBJECTIVES……………………………………………………6

3.LITERATURE REVIEW

3.1 LITERATURE SURVEY………………………………......7-8

4.DESIGN AND FABRICATION

4.1 METHODLOGY…………………………………………….9
4.2 WORKING PRINCPLE……………………………….…..10-17
4.3 DESIGN AND DRAWING………………………….…..…17-21
4.4 COST ESTIMATION…………………………………….…….22

5.RESULT AND DISCUSSION

5.1RESULT…………………………………..………….……..23
5.2 DISCUSSION………………………………………...……23

6.CONCLUSIONS
6.1 CONCLUSIONS………………………………..….…25
6.2 FUTURE SCOPE………………………………………26

7.REFERENCES……………………..…………..………...27-29

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LIST OF FIGURES
SL.NO Figure.No Title Page.NO
1 4.1 Farmer Performing Manually Rice 9
Planting
2 4.2 Market Exiting Planter Machine 11
3 4.3 Proposed System For Planter 11
Machine
4 4.4 Model Of Rice Planter 12
5 4.5 Cad(Solid Work )Design 13
6 4.6 Chain & Sprockets 13
7 4.7 Wheel 14
8 4.8 Cad Drawing & Bil Of Material 15
9 4.9 Cad Drawing & Bil Of Material 15
10 4.10 Cad Drawing & Bil Of Material 16
11 4.13 Frame 16
12 4.14 Solar Panel 17
13 4.15 Welding & Fabricating 19
14 4.16 Rice Planting Machine After 19
Fabrication
15 4.17 Test The Wheel Rotation 20
16 4.18 Place The Plants In The Tray 21
17 4.20 Testing Result 21

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Design & Development of Rice Planter

Machine

ABSTRACT

Need of rice trans-planter machine is growing nowadays because it unique features seeding in
well sequence and in well manner. Seeding by rice trans-planter saves too much efforts of
human being. Class of people who uses this kind of machines is farmers and they are having
poor economic background. This paper provides guidelines for developments in rice Trans-
planters used in India. Rice planting is very old method from many years ago & having long
history since many years & their methods of rice planting are changed in this decade. Use of
rice Trans planter machines is new trend but current machines having high cost of purchase.
So the main focus of this project is to minimise the cost of that machine.

The intent of this project focused on developing improved techniques for planting and
harvesting rice that would help village farmers and third world countries to improve their
production of rice and to keep up with the rising demand of rice. The idea of the project and
the developed machine will improve the speed of rice planting with the help of proper
placement of the .This project is focused on design analysis and fabrication of a manually
operated rice planting for small-scale farms in the region. By achieving the objective and goal
in simplifying the mechanism and reduce cost as well inspire the farmers in village about this
idea in their farms.

Keywords: Rice planter, cost minimization, design & development

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CHAPTER-1

1.1 INTRODUCTION

India is a country of villages, having large population around two third of its population are
dependent on agriculture. The sole culprit for slogging in pace of accretion in agro industry is
dependency on traditional approaches and equipment. For enhancing the per capita
agricultural production, various innovative efforts are made at national level under the name
Agricultural Revolution.

Revolution is confined to economic growth which may result from various economic factor
but technological progress has been and will continue to be the primary source of development.
Technology refers to the application of scientific approach for practical purpose as well as
industrial purpose for enacting and enriching goods and services.

For the production of rice and onion, which is gradually a major production crop in kokan the
rice should be dropped at a regular interval. But the existing equipment does not fulfil these
criteria in India. In existing system, plant is dropped manually at the cross point of longitudinal
and lateral cultivation which increase the cultivation time as well as labour cost.

In this system there is no need to drops the rice plant more than one times and no wastage of
costly rice plant s. And we save the production cost as well as cultivation time and labour cost.
And, get more yields. In existing system there was a possibility to germination of more than
one plant at a single position, and transplantation of that extra plant was necessary. But in this
system of drilling, this type of problem considered as negligible.

In future, this device will help the rice planter farmers of kokan to change his life style. The
rice transplanter consists of prime mover, transmission mechanism, lugged wheels, rice ling
tray, rice ling tray shifter, pickup fork and pickup fork cleaner.

Technology refers to the application of scientific approach for practical purpose as well as
industrial purpose for enacting and enriching goods and services. For the production of rice
and onion, which is gradually a major production crop in kokan the rice should be dropped at

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a regular interval. But the existing equipment does not fulfill these criteria in India. In existing
system, plant are dropped manually at the cross point of longitudinal and lateral cultivation
which increase the cultivation time as well as labor cost. But by this device both the operation
i.e. cultivation and rice planting can be done simultaneously.

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CHAPTER-2

2.1 OBJECTIVES
➢ Efficiency: Increase the speed and efficiency of the rice transplanting process
compared to manual methods.

➢ Labour Savings: Reduce the need for manual labour in transplanting, which
can be a time-consuming and labour-intensive task.

➢ Precision Planting: Ensure uniform and precise planting of rice seedlings at

optimal spacing, depth, and alignment, leading to improved crop yields.

➢ Time Savings: Expedite the transplanting process, allowing farmers to cover

larger areas in a shorter amount of time, particularly during peak planting
seasons.

➢ Cost Reduction: Minimize the costs associated with manual labour, as well
as potential losses due to uneven or improper planting.

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CHAPTER-3

3.1LITRATURE SURVEY

[1] Dhanesh D. Patil1 & Dr. Mangesh R. Phate studied on Newly developed system is also
effective as compared systems available in the market. New trans-planter having simple
construction and less number of parts which minimizes the cost of development for it. Two bar
mechanism is used to carry out the motion of the arms. Total cost required to develop the
system is also less. New rice trans-planter machine is more flexible than machines available in
the market at starting cost.

this device will help the rice planter farmers of kokan to change his life style. The rice trans-
planter consists of prime mover, transmission mechanism, lugged wheels, rice ling tray, rice
ling tray shifter, pickup fork and pickup fork cleaner. It is a walk behind type rice transplanted
using mat type nursery and it transplants the rice ling uniformly without damaging them. The
planting depth and start to end spacing can be adjusted. Automatic depth control helps in
maintaining uniform planting depth.

[2]Sachin Vanjari, Mr. Siddhesh Parab Shiwani Tawade, Mr. Durgesh Lele, Mr.
Shubham Parab studied on review on rice transplanter Mechanical Rice Transplanter is one
of the alternative to handle with the issue of the deficiency of the works in the ranch. The
machine is driven by labor however motor can also be coupled to improve the presentation.
Machine can be created to relocate a few columns at the same time. The dapog should have
slight mud layer for simple expulsion of seedlings.

Agriculture plays an important role in the Indian economy. About one sixth of the GDP is
occupied by the agricultural sector. The time and technology is been developing and changing
day-by-day. Hence there is a need to develop the methods and the equipments too.

[3]Mayur Bansode, Sachin Maharnavar, Sandip Bansude, Ajay Bhosale, Kolgiri S.

G.studied on Review on Design & Fabrication of Rice Planting Machine Transplanting of
seedling at the ideal age (14-18 days) is conceivable consistent dispersing and ideal plant
thickens can be kept up with the goal that its yield can be expanded. It diminishes the pressure,
drudgery and wellbeing danger of homestead works .By utilizing this machine the issue of

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deficiency of works can be survived. As it is autonomous of motor, this is moderate to poor

agriculturists too.
India is known to be a cultivating nation. About 71% of the number of inhabitants in India is
reliant on cultivating immediate or circuitous way. The agriculturists are utilizing similar
strategies and contraption since ages. As the time changes and things required to change also
with the end goal to propel the strategies and equipment's. Along these lines, that efficiency of
cultivating expands increments. Agribusiness likewise assumes an essential job in economy
of India. Its commitment in the GDP is currently expand one6th of the aggregate.

The Indian Government has likewise in advancement making strides in the frame numerous
activities in which the ranchers are made mindful about the distinctive cultivating procedures.
There are essentially five stages that a rancher needs to do accurately to get expanded yield.
These five stages are as per the following: Plowing, Seed Sowing, Irrigation Process,
Harvesting, Sifting .As we realize that the rice is one of the essential nourishment of the India.
An extensive number of agriculturists is convey the in the developing procedure and rice
creation.
[4] Rajib Bhowmik, Anindita Sharma, Hirakjyoti Kalita, Jabin Sultana, Juena
Gogoi.studied on The working of the paddy transplanter is found to besat is factory. The
selection of four bar mechanism turns out to be effective and simple to fabricate. The cost of
fabricating the paddy transplanter is way cheaper than that of an automated paddy transplanter.
It is seen that by using a two row paddy transplanter 0.04 ha/day can be transplanted while on
the other hand manual transplanting can achieve only 0.2 ha/day,
considering 8 working hours a day. The estimated cost of paddy transplanter is Rs 7000 and it
is easy to operate.
Several attempts has been made to mechanize paddy transplanting operation by introducing
various transplanters and research is under progress to reduce the cost of production with less
fatigue.Local transplanting requires frequent bending down and straighten up for transplanting
process whereas mechanical transplanter requires energy for pulling the transplanter in puddled
field.Due to the high price of an automated paddy transplanter, it becomes impossible for a
small scale farmer to buy a nonsubsidized automated paddy transplanter. An attempt has been
made to fabricate a manual operated paddy transplanter which is effective as well as cheap.

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[5]Robert fisher placed article in Wikipedia. He told about basic types of rice planter machine
and history of origin. A rice transplanter is a specialized transplanter fitted to transplant rice
seedlings onto paddy field. Mainly two types of rice transplanter i.e., riding type and walking
type.
Riding type is power driven and can usually transplant six lines in one pass. On the other hand,
walking type is manually driven and can usually transplant four lines in one pass. Although
rice is grown in areas other than Asia, rice transplanters are used mainly in East, Southeast,
and South Asia. This is because rice can be grown without transplanting, by simply sowing
seeds on field, and farmers outside Asia prefer this fuss-freeway at the expense of reduced
yield.

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CHAPTER -4

4.1 METHODOLOGY

PROBLEM STATEMENT

DESIGN AND DRAWING

MODELING

FABRICATION AND ASSEMBLY

EXPERIMENTATION

Fig:4.1 Farmers performing manually rice planting

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4.2 WORKING PRINCIPLE

MANNUAL OPERATED GROUND WHEEL

ROTATION OF SPROCKET THROUGH CHAIN DRIVE

FOUR BAR MECHANISM OF PLANTING FINGER

PICKING RICE FROM TRAY

PLANTING THE RICE PLANT INTO MUD

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Fig 4.2: Exiting planter Machine

Fig 4.3: Proposed system for Planter Machine

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Fig 4.4: Model of Rice Transplanter

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Figure:4.5 CAD (SOILIDWORK)Design

Crank and sprocket : These to transfer the energy of rotation to the other component of the
machine.

Fig:4.6 Chain & Sprockets

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Wheel: It is contact on ground and mounted on driver shaft. Its motion gives to the Four Bar
Chain through the chain drive. Blade is to reach proper grip in mud.

Fig:4.7 wheel

Fig:5.6 CAD drawings and Bill of Materials

Fig:4.8 CAD drawings and Bill of Materials

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Tray support: This to support the tray from bending.

Fig:4.9 CAD drawings and Bill of Materials

Shaft: To hold the rotating gears and wheels

Fig:4.10 CAD drawings and Bill of Materials

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Tray: This is used to store the rice seeding from where the picking arms do its function.

Fig:4.11 CAD drawings and Bill of Materials

Frame: The frame provides the weight and support for the entire machine.

Fig:4.12 CAD drawings and Bill of Materials Fig:4.13 frame

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Solar Panel: Solar panels, sometimes also called photovoltaics collect energy from the Sun in
the form of sunlight and convert it into electricity that can be used to power homes or
businesses

Fig:4.14 solar panel

4.2 DESIGN AND DRAWING

The machine operation implements the basic crank follower and quick return
mechanism. As the process is manual, the operator/worker needs to provide the initial
motion or pulling force.

When the rice plant moves forward, the ground wheels will rotate. The wheel is
provided with the blades so that the machine can move easily in the mud. Then, two
sprockets are provided on the same shaft with the ground wheels and at the same time
sprocket will rotate.

The picking arm picks from the tray and keeps it in horizontal position on the skid. The
picking arms plant the seedling from tray to ground. The motion for the arm is given
by wheel rotation using chain and sprocket arrangement.

The picking mechanism is used to plant seedlings into the ground. The design
calculation for a pre-existing design shall be on as shown below:

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Table:4.1Components equation
Description Equation

Diameter of Ground Wheel: Circumference=πxD = Diameterofthe

wheel

Angular Velocity Of wheel: =Vave/r,whereN1=(ω1x60)/2π

Calculation of Driven Sprocket Speed: 𝑁2where1andN2are speed of driver and

𝑁1

driven sprocket.
𝑁2 𝑁2
Sprocket Velocity Ratio: SR= = ConstantwhereZ1andZ2are
𝑁1 𝑁1

No.ofteethon driverand driven sprocket

Diameter of small sprocket D1=P/sin180/z1=12.7/sin180/18D1=

73mm

Diameter of large sprocket D2=p/sin180/Z2=12.7/sin180/40D2=

162mm

Table:4.2 components calculation

Components Parameters
Man walking speed 30m/min
Diameter of the ground wheel 250mm
Perimeter of ground wheel 2πr =2π (125)
Perimeter of ground wheel 785mm
Number of plants planted per ground wheel 180mm=785/180
rotation =4.3 =4
No of plants planted per rotation =
Perimeter/Distance between plants Distance
between the plants
No of plants to be planed per ground wheel 4
rotation
Number of teeth of sprocket at wheel 40

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Number of teeth of sprocket at planting 18

mechanism
Angular velocity ω=V/R ω= 30/60/0.125 , ω=4rad/sec
Speed of rotation N1=ω×60/2×π, =4×60/2π,N1 =38 rpm
Speed ratio Z2/Z1=I=2.2, 2.2=38/N2,N2 = 17rpm
Diameter of sprocket DiameterofsmallsprocketD1= P/sin180/z1
=12.7/sin180/18
D1 = 73mm
DiameteroflargesprocketD2=p/sin 180/Z2
=12.7/sin180/40
D2 = 162mm

Figure -4.15 welding and fabricating shop (Metal work for the components)

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Figure-4.16 Rice transplanting machine after fabrication

Figure :4.17 Place the machine in a levelled muddy spot

Figure-4.18, Test the wheel rotation and other components motion

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Figure-4.19, Place the plants in the tray and ensure there are aligned to touch the arms

Figure:4.20Testing result

Fig:4.21 Welding process carried out in a model

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Fig:4.22 fixing the Plummer block

Fig:4.23 project photo session with faculty members

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COST ESTIMATION

SL.NO MATERIAL NO. ITEMS COST

1. GROUND WHEEL 1 2500
2. CHAIN & SPROCKETS 2,3 3500
3. TRAY & PLANTING 2,2 3500
FINGERS
4. METAL(IRON) 15 kg 5500
5. WELDING & LABOUR COST - 2500
6. TRAVELLING COST - 1700
7. SOLAR PANEL 1 2000
8. BATTERY 1 2000

9. METAL SHEET 1 800

TOTAL - 24000/-

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CHAPTER-5

5.1 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

➢ The design of rice planter is as the basic machine design knowledge is applied to design
the parts like shafts, bearings, Wheels.

➢ The cost of the rice planter is low as possible because use available &local material.

➢ It can be perform the test of rice transplanter machine including the avrege of working
speed is 0.63 m/s.

➢ The average of effective work capacity is 0.27 ha/hr.

➢ The average of efficiency of planting work is 80% of felling plants.

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CHAPTER-6

CONCLUSIONS

6.1 Conclusions

➢ It is easy to operation.
➢ The rice planter which is designed working is found to be satisfactory.
➢ The cost is cheap than motor & hand cranked mechanical rice planter.
➢ After further improvement the manual operated rice planter plant 0.1 to 0.15
hectare/day by considering the 8 hours per day working.
➢ The battery can sustain long time for continues operation.

➢ Senior design project provided a learning opportunity for the team that resulted
into great personal growth by developing various skills . Skills like
communication, leadership, team work, time management and planning
effectiveness.

➢ The team used the engineering skills, which we learned during our study in
PESCE College of Engineering. We applied many engineering concepts
including mechanical engineering design, solid mechanics, material
engineering, manufacturing in CAD and manufacturing methods in designs.

➢ Moreover, the problem solving skills are improved by looking into the problems
the team faced and come up with solutions to overcome some challenges.

6.2 Future scope

The future scope of this project is vast and there are many new technologies which
can be integrated with conventional rice planter machine

➢ Using appropriate rice planter machine this can be developed in the future .

➢ It is possibe to control the system remotely.

➢ The team finds areas of improvement on the machine. The initial design proved
that the engineering concept would help the process in rice planting.

➢ The design can be locally manufactured but with low scale production.

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➢ The picking arms needs frequent adjustment or maintenance by replacement the

arms due to the repetitive motion and friction with the ground. However, the cost
of maintenance is reasonable and can be found within the local market.

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CHAPTER -7

7.1 REFERENCES

1. [1] Dhanesh D. Patil & Dr. Mangesh R. Phate “ Design & Development of Rice Planter
Machine”. Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-2, Issue-8, 2016
ISSN: 2454-1362

2. [2] Sachin Vanjari, Mr. Siddhesh Parab, Miss. Shiwani Tawade, Mr. Durgesh Lele, Mr.
Shubham Parab. ”Review on rice transplanter” international Research Journal of
Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

3. [3]Mayur Bansode1 Sachin Maharnavar2 Sandip Bansude3 Ajay Bhosale4 Prof.

Kolgiri. “A Review on Design & Fabrication of Rice Planting Machine” IJSRD –
International Journal for scientific Research & Development| Vol.6,Issue 09,2018

4. [4] Rajib Bhowmik, Anindita Sharma, Hirakjyoti Kalita, Jabin Sultana, Juena Gogoi.
“Design and Fabrication of Paddy Transplanter” IRACST – Engineering Science and
Technology: An International Journal (ESTIJ), ISSN: 2250-3498 Vol.6, No.4, July-
August 2016

5. Sachin Vanjari, Mr. Siddhesh Parab, Miss. Shiwani Tawade, Mr. Durgesh Lele, Mr.
Shubham Parab. “REVIEW ON RICE TRANSPLANTER”. International Research
Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 08 Issue:
03 | Mar 2021 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072.

6. P. Sudhakar Reddy, P. Rajaiah, B. Ashwin Kumar, B. Laxman and A. Pramod Reddy

“Field Performance and Cost Economics of Popular Riding Type Mechanical Paddy
Transplanters”. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences
ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 10 (2018).

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7. Anindita Sharma , Hirakjyoti Kalita , Jabin Sultana , Juena Gogoi. “Design and
Fabrication of Paddy Transplanter”. IRACST – Engineering Science and Technology:
An International Journal (ESTIJ), ISSN: 2250-3498 Vol.6, No.4, July-August 2016.

8. Obulamma U and Reddy R. 2002. “Effect of spacing and seedling number on growth
and yield of hybrid ric”e. Journal of Research, ANGRAU, 30(1): 76-78.

9. Goel A C. and Verma K S. 2000. “Comparative study of directly seeding and

transplanted rice”. Indian J. Agril. Research, 34(3): 194-196.

10. J W Panning, M F Kocher, J A Smith and S D Kachman. “Laboratory and Field Testing
of Seed Spacing Uniformity for Sugar beet Planters”. in Applied Engineering in
Agriculture, vol 16, no 1, 2000, p 7.

11. Y LAN, M F Kocher and J A Smith. Opto “electronic Sensor System for Laboratory
Measurement of Planter Seed Spacing with Small Seeds”. In Journal of Agricultural
Engineering Research, vol 72, 1999, p 119.

12. Awadhwal, N. K., Shetty, S.V.R., Niangado, o. and Traore, M.B. 1990b. “Development
and testing of a donkey”.{drawn cultivator cum seeder. Agric. Mechanization in Asia,
Africa and Lat. Amer.

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