FM 63-1

C1

Change 1 Headquarters
Department of the Army
Washington, DC, 20 September 1994

SUPPORT BATTALIONS AND SQUADRONS,

SEPARATE BRIGADES AND ARMORED CAVALRY REGIMENT

1. Change FM 63-1,30 September 1993, as follows:

Remove old pages Insert new pages
i and ii i and ii
A-1 and A-2 A-1 and A-2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appendix B
2. A star ( * ) marks new or changed material.
3. File this transmittal sheet in front of the publication.

DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION. Approved for public release;

distribution is unlimited.

By Order of the Secretary of the Army:

GORDON R. SULLIVAN
General, United States Army
Official: Chief of Staff

MILTON H. HAMILTON
Administrative Assistant to the
Secretary of the Army

DISTRIBUTION:
Active Army, USAR, ARNG: To be distributed in accordance with
DA Form 12-1l E, requirements for FM 63-1, Support Battalions and Squadrons,
Separate Brigades and Armored Cavalry Regiment (Qty rqr block no. 0501).
 FM 63-1

Chapter 1
Supporting the Separate Brigades and the Armored Cavalry Regiment
Contents
Page
SEPARATE BRIGADES AND ARMORED CAVALRY REGIMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-1
SUPPORT PRINCIPLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
SUPPORT CONCEPTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
SEPARATE BRIGADE LOGISTICS AND MEDICAL SYSTEM .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..1-5
SUPPORT BATTALION ORGANIZATION AND MISSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6

SEPARATE BRIGADES AND ARMORED CAVALRY REGIMENT

The vast array of enemy forces and range of potential par with the division. The regimental staff works closely
areas of conflict necessitate a tactical element (separate with the corps. The staff ensures that the regiment is
brigade or regiment) smaller than a division with its own adequately planned for in corps operations. The regi-
support assets, capable of strategic and tactical deploy- ment may also be placed under OPCON of or attached
ments. The separate brigade allows the national to a division. This is done for operations when command
command authority latitude in its force projection op- relationships better support mission accomplishment.
tions. It also affords commanders of forward deployed Some missions require the regiment to reinforce a
forces a flexible asset which can be used in numerous division with a squadron. A reinforced ACS is normally
roles and missions, such as reconnaissance, screening, assigned this task. The ACS is attached or placed
and covering force operations. OPCON to the division.
SEPARATE BRIGADE ROLE The ACR operates independently over a wide area.
The separate brigade is a flexible unique fighting It also operates at extended distances from other
organization that provides its own DS. The separate units. The ACR is a highly mobile, armored force. It
brigades included in this manual are the heavy separate is capable of fighting a fully mechanized threat in a
brigade and the separate infantry brigade/theater mid-to high-intensity environment.
defense brigade. The separate brigade’s main focus is to The ACR is normally the foundation around which
defeat the enemy. It uses effective maneuver, firepower, the corps covering force is built. As a covering force, the
protection, and sound leadership through close combat regiment is expected to destroy a significant number
and offensive action. It supports offensive, defensive, or of enemy forces in the corps security area. This requires
retrograde operations as an independent force or part attacking, defending, and delaying as necessary to
of a larger force. It may be attached to a division (less accomplish the corps commander’s intent. The ACR
support) to concentrate combat power. It may also be may also become part of the corps reserve or perform
placed under the control of a higher command such as rear area operations.
a corps. It conducts limited independent operations The ACR is an ideal force for use in an economy of
under the direction of a joint task force or theater force role. This allows the corps commander to con-
commander. It functions as a corps reserve force or as centrate forces at the decisive point on the battlefield. If
a corps rear protection force. It also functions as a assigned a defend mission in an economy of force role,
security force on the flanks or in front of the corps. the ACR requires minimum augmentation with combat
ARMORED CAVALRY REGIMENT ROLE (normally infantry), CS (artillery, engineer), and CSS
The ACR is a separate corps maneuver unit. As a assets. Commitment of the ACR to this mission normally
corps asset, it predominantly operates for the corps requires other corps assets to assume the corps security
commander by performing reconnaissance, security, function.
and economy of force missions. The regiment (like the ORGANIZATION
separate brigade) is considered by the corps staff as a The separate brigade has maneuver battalions. They
major element of corps maneuver combat power on a are tank, mechanized infantry, infantry battalions, and
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 FM 63-1

armored cavalry squadrons. Such units as the engineer • A chemical troop to provide decontamination,
company and the artillery battalion provide combat reconnaissance, and smoke support to units of
support to these combat units. The ACR also has a the regiment. It contains a reconnaissance platoon
regimental aviation squadron to support the overall and a smoke/decontamination platoon. Generally,
scheme of maneuver. smoke/decontamination assets are under regimental
The separate brigade has two principal sections, control while reconnaissance assets are decentral-
the brigade base and the combat battalions. The brigade ized. (ACR)
base depends on the type of separate brigade. The • A military intelligence company to assist in collect-
brigade base provides the capability for the brigade ing, processing, and disseminating intelligence,
to support independent operations. The brigade base and to support EW operations. The MI company
generally supports up to five combat battalions. provides the brigade with organic IEW assets.
Figures 1-1 and 1-2 show typical organizations of the These assets are similar to those of a division MI
separate brigade and the ACR. Units organic to the battalion, on a smaller scale. The MI company
separate
. brigade include – contains collection and jamming assets, interroga-
• A brigade HHC to provide C2 and limited CS tion support, and GSRs. (HSB and ACR)
assets to include MP, chemical, and AD elements • A direct support field artillery battalion to provide
(except ACR which has a chemical troop and fire support (except ACR which has a battery in
ADA battery). each line squadron).
• Tank and infantry battalions to fight battles, destroy • An engineer company for combat engineer sup-
or disrupt enemy forces, and seize and hold terrain. port.
(HSB and SIB/TDB) • A combat aviation squadron to conduct all types
• ACSs to defend, delay, and screen and for reconnais- of missions. (ACR)
sance and security. (ACR)

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 FM 63-1

• An armored cavalry troop for reconnaissance, Additional combat, CS, and CSS units may be at-
security, and economy of force operations. (HSB tached to the separate brigade as required by the
and SID/TDB) brigade’s mission and operating circumstances. Examples
• A support battalion of several support units, to include a chemical platoon, smoke platoon, and at-
provide CSS that links directly with the COSCOM tack helicopter battalion.
corps support group.

SUPPORT PRINCIPLES
All of the above units require logistics on a battlefield and within the separate brigade staff, and units to
unlike any encountered in the past. The battlefield incorporate the sustainment imperatives in every
is characterized by fluid, nonlinear operations and action taken. The sustainment imperatives are an-
enormous demands for resources. CSS planners ticipation, integration, continuity, responsiveness,
plan all resupply and services to support the brigade and improvisation. These are not substitutes for
on a nonlinear battlefield. They also plan for rapid the basic tenets of AirLand Battle doctrine; they
transition from one mission to another and extended complement them.
lines of support. The fluid situations encountered in the AirLand
Support of the brigade in such an environment is Battle require that supporters anticipate needs
the challenge facing CSS planners and operators. to support the brigade commander’s concept of
The logistics tail should not inhibit the operations operations. So the support battalion commander and
of the brigade. The separate brigade must be staff develop a close relationship with the brigade
armed, fueled, fixed, and moved. Its soldiers must staff. The support battalion commander also projects
also be sustained to allow the brigade commander support needs. He projects unexpected changes in
to take advantage of opportunities to achieve tacti- current and future operations by coordinating with
cal advantage. This requires the support battalion brigade planners. The support battalion commander
commander and staff, CSS planners in the corps assisted by the S4 also anticipates the needs of the
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FM 63-1

unit as an operation is occurring. They coordinate to The CSS system is also responsive. It is able to
push support forward and keep the brigade commander react swiftly and to “surge” for brief periods. The
abreast of CSS status and capabilities. support battalion commander understands supported
This close relationship with the brigade staff ensures commanders’ operational plans and intent in order to
that support operations are integrated with operations perform responsively. The support battalion com-
of the maneuver force. The brigade commander and mander tailors organizations and methods to meet the
staff plan tactical and CSS operations concurrently. The demands. He does not tie the support battalion to
support battalion commander and staff provide the traditional support methods. He accepts deviation
required input to the brigade planning process. They from plans routinely and is ready to respond quickly.
ensure the scheme of maneuver and fire support plan The CSS system is as agile as the maneuver system. This
are supported. Maneuver and FA battalions and the allows the maneuver commander to successfully
support battalions maintain effective communications. seize opportunities, exploit tactical success, or meet an
They determine the logistics and medical requirements enemy initiative.
of the brigade and coordinate support activities. When Finally, CSS planners are prepared to improvise.
the brigade is attached to a division, the support bat- They are able to devise innovative ways to support
talion commander and staff integrate the support plan tactical plans and lessen risks, both to their own units
into the support plan for the division. They carefully and to those they support. No matter how carefully the
work out coordination requirements with the DISCOM. support battalion planners and operators try to anticipate
Another imperative is continuity of sustainment. events, unforeseen contingencies arise in every conflict.
Maneuver forces receive continuous supplies and ser- However, leaders and staff should not interpret a
vices to maintain their fighting strength. The brigade guideline or technique as an absolute requirement. If it
commander requires continuous support to maintain is not effective in maintaining combat power and
the initiative and to ensure breaks in support do not momentum, support battalion personnel are not afraid
inhibit the depth of operations. Pauses for rebuilding to discard it.
impede momentum and rob the commander of the The support battalion commander and operators
initiative. This represents a considerable challenge for encompass these imperatives in SOPs as they establish
the support battalion and other CSS elements in the the focus for organization and operations of the logistics
brigade area, especially in view of the possibly large or and HSS. FMs 100-5 and 100-10 discuss these imperatives
extended AO. Continuity is required to ensure a lapse in greater detail.
of support does not affect an operation.

SUPPORT CONCEPTS
The support battalion provides support for elements parts to a piece of inoperable, large equipment than to
in the brigade. It provides support on a forward and area move this item to a maintenance shop. Evacuation of
basis. The support battalion plans for logistics and HSS vehicles to the rear should be the last option. When required
in advance. It aggressively pushes forward to the units and feasible, resupply of critical items to the BSA is by
without delay imposed by reacting to requests. air, The support battalion also sends medical supplies
FORWARD SUPPORT forward on empty medical troop ambulances.
The support battalion provides support as far forward as In some cases the support battalion echelons its assets.
practical. Tactical and threat considerations determine the This technique involves battalion elements operating
extent of the support forward doctrine. The corps or the from both the support area and a forward logistics base.
support battalion provides supplies, weapon systems, and The support battalion commander task organizes a mul-
repair assets for easily reparable equipment to the field tifunctional forward logistics element from support
trains or beyond as expeditiously as practical. Personnel battalion assets to operate from a forward logistics base.
arm, fuel, fix and man forward weapon systems. The support The technique may be appropriate to support –
battalion evacuates to the rear damaged equipment not • Fast-moving offensive operations over significant
easily reparable. However, it is easier to send MSTs and distances.

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 FM 63-1

• Early phases of contingency operations. support battalion staff ensures the OPORD or logistics
• Units geographically separated from the other overlay is available to supported units and includes
units supported by the support battalion. these details. Support battalion planners also plan for
and coordinate the security of the FLB. They request
The FLE can get critical support assets closer to the MP or ADA support as required.
supported units without taking the time to move the
entire support area. This allows units to get key support Support forward doctrine maximizes combat time by
without having to go all the way back to the support area. minimizing repair, resupply, and evacuation time. This
The FLE can also function as the lead element of a allows the maneuver battalion to keep its own scarce
support area move. In this role, the element provides CSS resources to provide effective unit-level support.
continuous support while the rest of the support bat- They are ready to move quickly if the battle dictates.
talion moves. The forward element prepares (within its One of the support battalion’s tasks is to prevent, as
capabilities) the FLB to become the new support area. much as possible, maneuver units moving to the rear to
Once the rest of the support battalion closes on the base, pick up supplies. The support battalion also ensures
the FLE may then move forward again. This allows the units do not use scarce resources to move back assets
battalion to provide uninterrupted forward support as that no longer contribute to combat power.
the force continues to advance. AREA SUPPORT
The composition of the FLE varies with a number of The support battalion is responsible for DS logistics
factors. Planners consider including at least bulk fuel, and HSS within the brigade area. A support battalion
ammunition, maintenance, HSS, and evacuation assets. element supporting a battalion also provides area sup-
The FLE also includes a member of the support port to units operating near or as part of the battalion
battalion’s S2/S3 staff or support operations branch task force. The support battalion supports any non-
(support squadron) to coordinate operations. He needs brigade elements in the area within its capabilities.
the capability (communications equipment and SOI) Corps CS or CSS units requiring support and operating
to communicate with both the supported units and the in the brigade area may exceed the capability of the
support area operated by the support battalion. Supported support battalion. In such cases, the support battalion
units have to know where the FLB is, what support is coordinates with the CSG in its area for support beyond
available there, and when the base is operational. The its capability.

SEPARATE BRIGADE LOGISTICS AND MEDICAL SYSTEM

The support battalion is part of the overall logistics are not required to return behind the brigade trains for
system (and medical system) which supports all ele- support. MSTs provide DS in forward tactical unit areas.
ments of the brigade. The logistics structure of the Personnel station support battalion ambulances at bat-
separate brigade is designed to link into a COSCOM. talion aid stations. There also are forward tactical
The COSCOM provides GS supply, reinforcing DS refueling points.
maintenance, motor transport, field services, airdrop, The support system does not end with the support
and health services. The ammunition and petroleum battalion. The support battalion is essentially a DS-
distribution systems in the COSCOM forward CSG
level support organization. In most cases, individual
provide GS levels of support to the support battalion. units such as maneuver battalions are responsible for
Other support is provided by throughput distribution unit-level support. Also, elements such as teams may
from the rear CSG. operate away from their parent units. Unless the ele-
The support battalion is the operator providing ments are attached for logistics, parents units are
the support link between COSCOM units and the responsible for providing unit-level support to those
supported units in the brigade area. The COSCOM in elements. Mission requirements may exceed the organic
coordination with logistics planners in the brigade support capabilities of the parent units. In this case, the
pushes support forward to the BSA based on require- unit coordinates for support with the brigade rear CP. The
ments. Specifics on such support are described later in brigade tasks a subordinate unit to provide unit support.
this manual. Units in the separate brigade area normally However, if it does, the tasked unit is likely to require

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FM 63-1

additional assets from the parent unit. These assets with the leaders of the elements the teams are
probably include vehicles and drivers for Class III and tasked to support.
V and maintenance personnel, Class IX items, and tools. The MI company of the HSB and troop of the ACR
Unit-level support includes food service and dis- include CSS assets. The company provides unit-
tribution of supplies to companies and other subordinate level supply, food, and ammunition. The company
elements. It includes unit maintenance. It also includes also provides unit-level maintenance including
unit-level HSS, movement of organic assets, and unit- maintenance assets for electronic countermeasures.
level mortuary affairs. Mortuary affairs is limited to For the MI unit, CSS maybe a particular problem
search, recovery, and evacuation of remains at unit level. due to the limited assets and the wide dispersion
The assets available to provide unit-level support vary of small teams throughout the brigade area. The
among the units in the brigade, as follows: company headquarters coordinates with the
brigade S4 to receive meals and ammunition in
The separate brigade HHC/HHT has food service, conjunction with support to the nearest maneuver
unit maintenance, and limited supply distribution element. The company support element distributes
assets. them. Company headquarters also coordinates
The field artillery battalion in direct support of with the brigade S4 to receive fuel from the
the separate brigade also comes with assets to nearest maneuver element. If this is not possible,
perform unit-level support of the battalion, as the MI company relies on shuttling 5-gallon cans
covered in FM 6-20-1. The service battery has from the BSA to forward sites.
battalion supply and maintenance assets and The chemical troop of the ACR brings organic CSS
Class I, III and V resupply. The battalion also has assets. The troop headquarters provides supply
a medical section. In the ACR, the FA battery has and Class V assets. The troop also has a main-
maintenance and ammunition assets. tenance section.
The engineer company has food, supply, and The RAS, organic to the ACR, comes with assets
ammunition assets. The company also has a main- to perform unit-level support. The headquarters
tenance section. and headquarters troop has a supply section and
The ADA battery in the ACR normally locates in automotive maintenance section. The headquarter
the regimental area. The battery has ammunition- also has a food service section and Class III/V
hauling capability. It also has unit maintenance platoon. The AVUM troop has an aircraft main-
and limited refueling capability. It receives medical tenance platoon and component repair platoon.
support on an area basis from the medical troop. The maneuver battalions have a full complement
The separate brigade headquarters includes an of unit-level assets. Assets are deployed in either
ADA platoon. The platoon has an ammunition unit or echeloned trains. A complete discussion of
team to haul Class V. The platoon leader ensures their operations is in FMs 71-2 and 17-95.
the missile teams receive support by coordinating

SUPPORT BATTALION ORGANIZATION AND MISSION

The support battalion is the DS logistics and HSS The support battalion is structured to support a
operator in the brigade. It provides an uninter- particular brigade. For example, the support bat-
rupted flow of logistics and HSS to the brigade. The talion of the heavy separate brigade, armored,
battalion provides supply, maintenance, motor contains the logistics and medical resources to sup-
transport, and medical support to units. When aug- port two tank battalions and one mechanized infantry
mented, it also provides field services. The support battalion as well as the other elements of the brigade.
battalion elements have the same deployment Additional maneuver battalions may be assigned or
capability as the rest of the brigade. The support attached to the brigade. In such cases, the separate
battalion missions require the capability to support brigade requires additional support assets.
incrementally and be highly versatile and mobile as Generally, all of the separate brigades require the
the METT-T vary. same CSS. The support battalions all have maintenance,

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supply and transportation, and medical companies. DISCOM to keep the DISCOM apprised of the logistics
However, like companies, for example, S&T companies situation. Because the attachment of the separate
of the HSB, ACR, SIB/TDB, are not identical. Each brigade to a division is not permanent, logisitics arrange-
company of the support battalion provides support best ments facilitate the eventual detachment of the
suited for its type of brigade. brigade from the DISCOM.
The logistics structure of the separate brigade Figures 1-3, 1-4, and 1-5 show the support bat-
links to a COSCOM. The direct linkage between the talions and squadron organizations. As shown, they
separate brigade support battalion and the COSCOM have a–
remains in effect, even when the separate brigade is • Headquarters and headquarters company/troop.
attached to a division. The division does not have the
resources to support another brigade. When the • Supply and transportation company/troop.
brigade is attached to a division, the DISCOM coor- • Medical company/troop.
dinates the logistics effort for the entire division. • Maintenance company/troop.
The support battalion sends status reports to the
FM 63-1

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 FM 63-1

Chapter 2
Combat Service Support Planning
Contents
Page
PLANNING GUIDELINES AND RESPONSIBILITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-1
CLOSE OPERATIONS, OFFENSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-1
CLOSE OPERATIONS, DEFENSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-3
RETROGRADE OPERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... 2-4
DEEP OPERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-5
REAR OPERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-6
OUT-OF-SECTOR SUPPORT OPERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-6
LOW-INTENSITY CONFLICTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-7
SECURITY OPERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-8
CONTINGENCY OPERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-10
RECONNAISSANCE OPERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-10
HEAVY/LIGHT OPERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-11
NIGHT OPERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-13
NBC OPERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-14

PLANNING GUIDELINES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

Success on future battlefields depends on how well recognize that in providing CSS for combat operations,
CSS commanders and planners support the AirLand they are continually involved in making decisions based
Battle. They meet the need generated from different on risk/benefit analyses. That is, they continually
types of operations and conflicts. In the separate balance benefits derived from particular support con-
brigade, the brigade S1 and S4 and support battalion cepts versus the risks.
commander and staff and company commanders have In order to make these judgments, support battalion
the primary responsibility of CSS planning. commanders and planners need to weigh various con-
Logistics and HSS planning are fully integrated into siderations. They base the considerations on the
all operations planning. Logistics is synchronized with particular type of tactical operation to be supported.
the concept of the operation. Logistics and HSS plan- They also keep in mind the dynamic nature of the
ning are continuous and concurrent with ongoing AirLand Battlefield and the need for flexibility.
support execution. CSS planners ensure support during There are several planning tools available. FM 101-5
all phases of an operation. The CSS plan is as detailed discusses the logistics estimate for CSS planning. FM
as time permits. The SOP is the basis for battalion CSS 8-55 is a comprehensive reference for HSS planning.
operations planning conducted to determine specific FM 101-10-1 contains detailed planning data for combat
requirements and prepare for contingencies. operations.
Planners and operators understand the mission state- The support battalion, along with unit-level support
ment, intent, and concept of the operation. They know
what each of the supported elements is doing. They units, supports the brigade across the entire depth of the
know when and how they are doing it. They know what battlefield. However, at brigade level close, deep, and
type and quantities of support are needed. They also rear operations are practically indistinguishable. They
know the priority of support, by type and unit. They are conducted with the same assets.

CLOSE OPERATIONS, OFFENSE

There are different types of offensive operations. attack, exploitation, and pursuit. However, the support
They are movement to contact, hasty attack, deliberate battalion commander organizes in ways that permit him
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FM 63-1

to change from supporting one type of operation to Other supply considerations include–
supporting another. The support battalion commander • Forward positioning of essential support battalion ele-
does this without interruption of service. Cavalry units ments. These forward logistics elements may include
normally perform reconnaissance and security missions ammunition, POL, and maintenance elements. See
in support of corps and division offensive operations. If Chapter 1.
required, cavalry units perform offensive operations as
an economy of force for the corps or the division. • Weapon systems replacement.
In some situations, one type of operation requires a • Movement at night.
change in emphasis of support. The support battalion • Preconfigured push packages of essential items if com-
commander and staff anticipate requirements and main- munications break down.
tain continuous contact with the brigade staff. To have as • Maximum use of throughput.
much advance notice as possible and to ensure the • Increased use of airlift/airdrop for resupply (especially
separate brigade commander’s course of action is sup- for the covering force), especially for Class I, packaged
portable, the headquarters of the support battalion Class III, Class IX.
monitors tactical nets at all times. In planning for an • Potential use of captured supplies, especially vehicles,
attack, the support battalion ensures support equipment
is ready. It also ensures supplies are in position and fuel, and medical supplies.
coordination is made to meet transportation needs. • Supply or resupply of Class VIII.
As the attack progresses, the availability of adequate sup- • Increased use of MREs.
plies and transportation to support the attack becomes more • Use of controlled exchange and cannibalization as a
critical. Supply lines lengthen and communications are source of repair parts.
strained. Stay-behind forces attack support units to delay or • Availability of host nation support, particularly procure-
stall the separate brigade offense. There are requirements ment of Class III bulk and packaged item transportation
for repair and replacement of weapon systems. The support assets, building supplies, barrier material and in some
battalion commander and staff anticipate these problems. cases sundry items.
They also maintain countinuous contact with the brigade staff. • Obstacle-breaching and bridging materiel requirements.
Communication links between the separate brigade main
CP and the support battalion remain operational. All elements TRANSPORTATION
of the support battalion prepare to move forward by echelon. The offense heavily taxes transportation assets. Long
SUPPLY lines of communications and high requirements for selected
supplies and personnel replacements stress the system. The
The most critical supplies are Class III, V, and IX. To support battalion uses transportation assets carefully to en-
handle high fuel consumption, personnel build up forward sure mobility to advance with the attack and to push support
stocks. They also prepare the Class III point to move forward forward. It also plans to move refuel-on-the move equip-
rapidly to setup forward tactical refuel points. Class III and ment. The support battalion in coordination with the brigade
V are prepositioned in depth at subsequent positions or at rear and main CPs coordinates the movement of the support
LRPs for pickup by unit first sergeants. Support battalion battalion to ensure continuous support. Early in the
units prepare to support forward but remain mobile to transportation planning process, the support battalion plans
rapidly displace as the battle develops. for use of nonmedical transportation assets to assist in the
Though ammunition expenditure may not be as high as movement of casualties during mass casualty situations.
with a heavy defense, responsive resupply is essential. A MAINTENANCE
significant problem is maintaining this support over ex-
tended supply lines. The support battalion ensures ATP Maintaining momentum also requires having in the
elements are as far forward as tactically feasible. There is battle as many weapon systems as possible. Therefore, em-
planning for forward movement of the ATP and coordina- phasis is on BDAR and rapid return of equipment to the
tion for transportation assets. The support battalion also brigade. BDAR and evacuation of combat vehicles are
coordinates with the artillery battalion S4 or maneuver done efficiently and by priority. This precludes leaving
squadron S4 for the ACR to preposition ammunition on valuable assets in the hands of the enemy.
request at designated firing positions.

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 FM 63-1

Prior to the attack, personnel inspect equipment, per- the medical resources of the brigade and may require
form required maintenance, and make up equipment them to be augmented. The type of offensive maneuvers,
shortages. Personnel replenish to the desired level the as well as the enemy capability, influences the character
repair parts stockage and establish reserve stocks of of patient evacuation work load. The support battalion
critical items. pushes Class VIII forward. It is also ready to provide
During the attack organizational mechanics perform prompt evacuation in fast-moving situations. The sup-
repairs as far forward as possible based on the tactical port battalion identifies predetermined ambulance
situation. During intense combat, some inoperable exchange/patient collection points along the axis of ad-
equipment is left in place as the attack progresses. vance and evacuation routes. Elements without organic
Recovery personnel and mechanics form trail parties to medical resources operating within the brigade AO
repair or evacuate equipment left behind by the main receive HSS on an area basis from the supporting medi-
attack forces. MSTs include mechanics who make rapid cal element.
and informed decisions on what can be repaired on site. In exceptional cases, increasing evacuation demands
They also determine what to evacuate, what to cannibal- require the use of non-HSS transportation assets. When
ize, and what to abandon. MSTs use controlled exchange using nonmedical assets, the support battalion coor-
of parts prior to recovery operations. If they decide to dinates for reinforcing medical personnel to provide en
abandon equipment, MSTs render the equipment useless route care. Using transportation assets this way inten-
to the enemy. sifies the burden on the already stressed transportation
MSTs work closely with the supported battalion’s system.
BMO to make maximum use of lulls in the battle. MSTs FIELD SERVICES
get as much equipment mission capable as possible The mobility of offensive operations causes the tem-
before action resumes. In fast-paced actions, the main- porary suspension of some field services. These field
tenance control officer acts on requirements from the functions are laundry, CEB, and bakery. However, mor-
MSTs. He coordinates air and ground transportation tuary affairs operations intensify. The support battalion
through the support battalion transportation officer to ensures adequate mortuary affairs supplies are available.
bring repair parts forward and evacuate damaged equip- The other field service that assumes greater importance
ment. in the offense is airdrop. It is required to increase support
HEALTH SERVICE SUPPORT mobility. Although airdrop support comes from the
Deliberate attacks are likely to result in high casualty corps, the support battalion staff plans request proce-
rates. High casualty rates and long evacuation lines stress dures, drop zone selection and control, recovery of
supplies, and evacuation of airdrop equipment.

CLOSE OPERATIONS, DEFENSE

SEPARATE BRIGADE DEFENSIVE ROLE penetrations in protected and concealed locations. Ele-
Separate brigade defensive operations break the ments are also out of the way of potential retrogrades.
momentum of the enemy’s attack while maintaining the Support battalion units disperse as much as possible
capability to shift to the offense with little notice. The without impairing command and control or security.
HSB, SIB/TDB, or ACR conducts a static defense or They use built-up areas as much as possible. Support
varying degrees of a more mobile dynamic defense units defend against an enemy thrust through their area.
against a variety of threats and in differing terrain. The The support battalion commander in conjunction with
tactical mobility. of the HSB, SIB/TDB, or ACR makes it the brigade S3 plans ADA coverage and emphasizes
well suited for the dynamic defense. passive measures.
The support battalion commander supports the wide During the preparation of the defense, priority of
range of options available to the brigade commander protection goes to those units preparing positions and
conducting defensive operations. Without sacrificing obstacles. Once the positions are prepared, priority
support, the support battalion commander locates sup- shifts to protection of the reserve, BSA/trains and CP
port battalion support points out of reach of possible
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 FM 63-1

locations, and FARPs. CSS considerations for defensive TRANSPORTATION

operations include – Transportation is most critical while preparing for a
Cache limited amounts of Class III and V on sub- defense. Stockpiling supplies and shifting personnel and
sequent positions. equipment before the operation taxes the system. The
Plan for increased use of Class IV and plan for support battalion’s major role in this area is to maximize
transport of these materials. use of its limited resources. It also coordinates addition-
Plan to reorganize to replace lost CSS capability. al transportation needs for support operations.
Resupply during limited visibility. MAINTENANCE
Use MSTs well forward (UMCP) to reduce the The maintenance company takes all required steps
need for further evacuation of damaged vehicles. to place as many weapon systems as possible in service-
Echelon CSS assets in depth. able condition. Operators, crews, MSTs and the
maintenance company perform any necessary repairs
Plan mobility operations to maintain MSRs. authorized at their level of repair. Once defensive
Plan to displace often. operations begin, the principles are the same as for the
Emphasize recovery and evacuation of items of offense. However, in some defenses where lines are not
equipment that require extended repair time. extended, forward support is maximized by consolidat-
ing all maintenance company assets, including the SSTs,
Other CSS considerations for supply, HSS, transpor- in the base shop. Forward support also means sending
tation, field services, and maintenance are in the out small, highly mobile MSTs. These MSTs perform
following paragraphs for the ACR and separate brigade. quick, on-site repairs or component exchanges.
SUPPLY HEALTH SERVICE SUPPORT
Supply operations are most intensive during the Casualty rates are likely to be lower than in an attack.
preparation stage. The support battalion plans to However, enemy action and the initial direction of
preposition critical supplies (particularly fuel, ammuni- maneuver to the rear complicate forward area acquisi-
tion, and barrier material) far forward and in successive tion of patients. Planners set priorities for evacuating
defensive positions. Supply personnel position and patients on the basis of the location of the probable
secure supplies out of the flow of the battle. As soon as enemy main effort. Planners designate predetermined
the support battalion knows a defense is planned, it ambulance exchange points. The medical company
begins coordination with the COSCOM. They coor- commander/brigade surgeon also coordinates with the
dinate to have obstacle materiel throughput by corps S2/S3 transportation officer. (In the ACR, the surgeon
assets as close to the emplacement sites as possible. coordinates with support operations officer.)
Throughout the defense, Class V expenditures are FIELD SERVICES
likely to be high. Supply personnel make plans to upload
as much materiel as possible with the maneuvering units. The field service functions of CEB and mortuary
Requirements are also high for chemical filters, MOPP affairs operate routinely where the tactical situation
gear, and decontaminants. In many defenses, however, permits. Mortuary affairs units evacuate the dead quick-
consumption of fuel is low relative to rates during an ly. The support battalion staff ensures that laundry and
offense. CEB facilities in the BSA are far enough in the rear and
out of the way of tactical units.

RETROGRADE OPERATIONS
A retrograde operation is an organized movement to Retrograde operations may be particularly complex
the rear or away from the enemy. Retrograde operations for the support battalion because of the many activities
gain time, preserve forces, avoid combat under un- that are taking place concurrently. Maneuver elements
desirable conditions, or draw the enemy into an at a given time are defending, delaying, attacking, or
unfavorable position. withdrawing. All of these various kinds of action are
supported under the overall retrograde operation.

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To ensure uninterrupted support in any retrograde, critical to controlling movements. Emphasis is on keep-
support sites are well to the rear. The support battalion ing supply and evacuation routes open.
displaces early and when possible at night. Echeloning MAINTENANCE
support battalion elements allows them to continue to
provide support at old sites until new sites are opera- Maintenance planning emphasizes support forward
tional. The support battalion moves as soon as possible while moving most of the maintenance company rear-
any assets not essential to supporting forward elements. ward. Maintenance also emphasizes evacuation of
equipment over forward repair. The support battalion
Separate brigades and ACRs are frequently involved uses tanks and other fighting vehicles whose weapon
in delays. In a delay, forces are likely to be spread out systems are inoperable to tow other vehicles with in-
over a wide front with little depth. As a result, support operable motor systems. Time for repairs is limited. The
battalion assets are widely dispersed. To improve C2 in MSTs and contact teams concentrate on exchange ver-
such cases, support battalion elements such as MSTs are sus repair and maximize cannibalization. Since
OPCON to supported units. command and control is difficult, MST leaders take the
SUPPLY lead to keep the maintenance control officer aware of
To avoid the unnecessary destruction, loss, or hauling the team’s location, resource status, and Class IX re-
of supplies, managers control the flow of supplies for- quirements.
ward to only the most combat essential. They evacuate HEALTH SERVICE SUPPORT
all other supplies early. Managers use push resupply HSS in retrograde movements may vary widely
with a priority toward fuel and ammunition. Planners depending upon the operations, the enemy reaction,
also consider supply of barrier material and fog oil to and the situation. The effect of time on treatment and
provide smoke at obstacles. Operators place supplies at evacuation is significant. The number of patients
preplanned fallback points along the withdrawal routes. removed from the battlefield depends upon the time and
This simplifies resupply, reduces road congestion, and means available. As the available time decreases, the
permits early withdrawal of supply units. In a delay, with battalion and brigade surgeons evaluate the capability
less depth of forces, planners anticipate less stockpiling to collect, treat, and evacuate all patients. When the
of barrier material and ammunition. In all retrograde patient load exceeds the means to move them, the tacti-
operations, transportation assets moving to the rear cal commander makes the decision as to whether or not
move any supplies which are already forward but not patients are to be left behind. The surgeon keeps the
required by the delay force. tactical commander informed about the need to reach a
TRANSPORTATION timely decision. The tactical commander leaves medical
Retrograde operations stress transportation resour- personnel and supplies with patients who cannot be
ces. The support battalion continues to move essential evacuated.
items forward. It evacuates nonessential personnel FIELD SERVICES
and items early to avoid congested roads later. The Any laundry and CEB units in the separate brigade
support battalion makes sure all transportation assets area move to the rear as soon as possible. Commanders
moving resources forward assist in the evacuation effort. temporarily suspend nonessential services. Deception
The transportation officer and BMMC coordinate with planners integrate facilities of suspended activities into
each other for movement needs. COSCOM MCTs are their plans.

DEEP OPERATIONS
Deep maneuver is a high-speed, short duration, during the operation or be supported via a surface or an
audacious operation. Planners reorganize maneuver air LOC.
forces to meet specific objectives. In particular, the Planners carefully plan the support of deep maneuver.
ACR participates in deep operations of the corps as a Early in the planning phase, the support battalion com-
maneuver force. The ACR also conducts its own deep mander provides information to the brigade commander
operations using the aviation squadron, EW, and indirect on logistics and HSS assets. The support battalion
fire. These forces can either carry all resources needed
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FM 63-1

probably has to be augmented with additional assets of equipment that is unable to maintain the pace of the
to support a deep maneuver by the brigade. Once the operation.
attack is started, innovative thinking and rapid decision The brigade commander may also augment the
making are key elements the support battalion com- maneuver battalions with Class III and V supply assets
mander uses to maintain the momentum. from the support battalion. Each battalion then sup-
The support battalion may accompany the brigade ports itself with its organic and attached assets. This
with the minimum assets to haul Class III and V increases speed of resupply and security, thus enhancing
supplies. With this option, the support battalion folds decentralization.
into the brigade movement formation, protected by Remaining support battalion assets are in a position
adjacent combat elements and the inherent security and state of readiness so that once an MSR is open and
offered by speed of movement. This method allows available, these assets immediately resupply and restore
the brigade commander flexibility. He has support combat power.
well forward when critically required.
Support of deep operations depends on the availability
Maneuver units carry as much Class III and V of transportation assets. With ground LOCs, MSRs need
supplies as possible. Once across the FLOT, only to be open and secure. Ground transportation moves
limited emergency aerial resupply and evacuation are supplies in support of units moving to the line of depar-
feasible. Units (by predetermined plan or SOP) dispose ture as well as to support those units once they move
forward.

REAR OPERATIONS
The primary purposes for conducting rear opera- brigade support area. Support battalion facilities and
tions are to secure the force and neutralize or defeat supplies must be safe from ground, air, and missile
enemy operations in the rear. Rear operations also en- attack. The support battalion prepares to support
sure freedom of action in close and deep operations. projected operations without decreasing the support to
Rear operations protect necessary CS and CSS from currently engaged units. Effective planning requires
disruption. The brigade commander is responsible for open communication lines and quick reactions on the
the protection of the brigade rear. The support battalion part of the support commander. Further information on
commander is responsible for the protection of the rear operations is in Chapter 5.

OUT-OF-SECTOR SUPPORT OPERATIONS

Out-of-sector CSS is that CSS required to ade- • Support capability of the host nation.
quately support a US Army force deployed within the • Self-supporting capability of the US force.
theater but outside the US sector. Contingency plans,
general war plans, or operation orders include SIZE AND TYPE OF FORCE
provisions for such deployment of US Army units. The size and makeup of the force dictate the type
These units are deployed either unilaterally or as a of support units require and the organization of the
part of an allied combat formation. Plans for the support. Normally, the brigade deploys out of sector
deployment of US Army units outside of the US sec- in its entirety or as part of a larger force. However,
tor include provisions for their CSS. Consideration is when only part of the brigade deploys out of sector,
given to the following: and it cannot be supported from the US sector or by
• Size and mission of the force. the allied force in which assigned, support battalion
• Deployment location of the force in relation to elements are included. These elements are organized
into a provisional support platoon or company. If US
other US units. forces or the allied force to which the brigade is
• Support capability of the allied force to which assigned cannot provide backup CSS to the support
the US force maybe assigned.

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 FM 63-1

battalion, the support battalion may be augmented by HOST-NATION SUPPORT

COSCOM or TAACOM units. The theater commander and staff decide to deploy a
MISSION US separate brigade out of sector and conclude negotia-
Planners consider the mission of the brigade force tions with the allied force to which the brigade is assigned.
They then conduct further negotiations with the host na-
when tailoring its CSS. For example, if a brigade is tion to obtain the required logistics. If agreements exist
deployed out of sector and is the forerunner of a larger between either the US and the host nation or between the
force, additional CSS elements are deployed. allied force and the host nation, such agreements are
SUPPORT CAPABILITY OF ALLIED FORCE applied. Higher headquarters obtains the balance of the
Before a US separate brigade deploys out of sector, support from US sources.
negotiations are conducted with the allied force to which CONDUCT OF PLANNING
the US force is assigned to arrange for common item and The theater army commander plans for the deployment
other logistics. This may include transportation, main-
tenance, and Class I, III, IV, V, VIII, and possibly Class IX and support of US separate brigades out of sector. He does
supplies. As a minimum, a letter of agreement is concluded this either unilaterally or in coordination with allied com-
if time permits. However, the rapid mobility of forces may mands. The US theater army commander develops
preclude formal written agreements prior to initiation of unilateral plans to support US-declared contingencies. He
support by allied forces. The separate brigade obtains the develops plans in coordination with allied commanders or
balance of its support from the host nation and from US with the direction of the allied command to which the
resources. The separate brigade has teams attached to theater army is assigned. Such plans support multilateral
accommodate handling of contracts with local national operations and require approval through US channels.
organizations/firms.

LOW-INTENSITY CONFLICTS
LIC does not describe a specific activity or operation. During support for insurgency and counterinsurgen-
Instead, it is an environment in which operations in four cy, brigade support consists of small teams. These teams
general categories occur: provide general supply, maintenance, ammunition,
• Support for insurgency and counterinsurgency. HSS, and transportation support to indigenous force
tactical operations.
• Combatting terrorism.
• Peacekeeping operations. The whole brigade needs to be aware of the political
considerations, legal constraints, and local customs and
• Contingency operations in LIC. traditions. Planners coordinate public affairs plans,
The involvement of a separate brigade in a LIC ran- command information, CA plans, and PSYOP with the
ges from small teams providing humanitarian support to host nation and US embassy.
an entire separate brigade deploying independently. It The support battalion role in such operations in-
may be a part of a larger force such as a heavy augmen- cludes two elements. First it provides support to the
tation to a LID. The level of development of the theater teams themselves. Secondly, it has to provide support to
and the expected duration of the mission may require the host country to improve military and civil organiza-
that the support battalion receive additional assets to tions. Major roles, however, in humanitarian assistance
perform functions that the COSCOM normally does for and civil action projects are beyond the capability of the
the brigade. If the brigade deploys as part of a larger support battalion. The brigade S1/AG, S4, and support
force like a division, the role of the support battalion and battalion commander and staff coordinate with the
its relationship to its higher headquarters is clearly brigade S5 to determine the requirements that local
spelled out in the OPORD. The brigade is not likely resources can meet. Force planners provide corps or
involved in combatting terrorism beyond its normal EAC assets for requirements that the support battalion
security operations. and local resources cannot meet.

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FM 63-1

Support to counterinsurgency may involve the considerations for contingency operations in general
separate brigade participating in a foreign internal are presented later in this chapter. In LIC, contingency
defense where it acts as a security force. In such situa- operations involve crisis avoidance or crisis manage-
tions, support battalion operations are very similar to ment. They are sudden and joint in nature and require
those during conventional operations. In early stages the close coordination with all Services. They occur in areas
support battalion needs to emphasize supply of con- of the world that have limited host-nation resources and
struction and barrier material to prepare bases. Support airfield and port capabilities. Specific types of opera-
battalion movements require additional security as they tions include:
travel along supply lines that are subject to interdiction. • Support to US civil authorities.
Ammunition requirements center around small arms
ammunition and mines. • Military support to counterdrug operations.
The separate brigade participates in PKO under the • Disaster relief.
auspices of an international organization. This is done • Security assistance surges.
in cooperation with other countries or unilaterally. In all • Noncombatant evacuation operations.
cases, the peacekeeping force remains neutral to keep • Rescue and recovery operations.
its credibility and acceptability. In some cases, neutrality • Shows of force and demonstrations.
is not in question. When that is true, host-nation con-
tractors are used for maintenance of military and • Operations to restore order.
commercial equipment, fresh foods, dining facility • Unconventional warfare.
operations, laundry, CEB, and transportation. When • Strikes and raids.
the appearance of neutrality is a factor, host-nation
support is not a significant source of support. In these Since contingency operations are usually of short
cases, force planners include assets to perform these duration, nonmission essential support is limited. The
functions or find an independent contractor. Also, be- support battalion leaves behind nonessential assets. The
cause the support battalion may have to support all battalion does this to maximize the assets it brings with
members of a PKO force, planners consider the type and it to conduct essential services. The battalion also leaves
content of foods for religious and cultural reasons. behind assets to conduct operations that can be per-
Finally, since the force is neutral, the medical element formed by HNS resources.
may not undertake independent and unplanned medical FM 63-6 has additional information on CSS for LIC
civic assistance programs. operations. FM 8-42 provides an in-depth discussion of
Separate brigades conduct contingency operations medical operations in low intensity conflict.
throughout the operational continuum. Support battalion

SECURITY OPERATIONS
Separate brigades and ACRs perform security mis- • Provide reaction time and maneuver space.
sions. The missions provide information about the • Maintain enemy contact.
enemy and terrain. They preserve the combat power of
maneuver forces to be concentrated at the point of SCREEN
decision. Screen, guard, and cover missions protect the A screening force maintains surveillance and
main body and provide early warning. These missions provides early warning to the main body. It impedes and
also free the main body units to concentrate combat harasses the enemy with supporting indirect fires. It also
power. The separate brigade plans and performs suc- destroys enemy reconnaissance elements within its
cessful security operations keeping five fundamentals in capability.
mind: The ACR as a whole is seldom assigned a screen
• Orient on the main body. mission. However, squadrons within the ACR perform
• Perform continuous reconnaissance. screen missions as part of a regimental mission.
• Provide early and accurate warning. Separate brigade elements may use similar techniques.

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 FM 63-1

When they do, the support battalion uses the same In fast-moving situations, elements of the support
techniques described below for the RSS. squadron or battalion operate well forward to ensure
Stationary Screen continuing support. These elements typically include
ammunition, bulk fuel, EMT, and medical evacuation
Armored cavalry squadrons establish successive assets. They also include on-site repair teams and equip-
screen lines. Their organic CSS assets support extended ment recovery arid evacuation resources. The ACR
frontages and stay mobile. They also have to support employs squadron support aircraft for CSS operations.
extended operations. Therefore, the RSS has to provide Priorities are set by the regimental S3 section in coor-
supplemental transportation to the squadron. It provides dination with the squadron S3 and S4.
additional supplies. It also provides maintenance COVER
capability to make the squadron more self-supporting.
Any support assets sent to supplement squadron The separate brigade conducts covering force opera-
trains are accompanied by transportation to retain tions. It normally forms the central element of the corps
mobility. commander’s covering force. A covering force ac-
Moving Screen complishes all the tasks of screening and guard forces.
It operates apart from the MBA to develop the situation
An armored cavalry squadron conducts a moving early. It deceives, disorganizes, and destroys enemy for-
screen when the main body is moving either in the attack ces. A covering force is tactically self-contained. It is
or in retrograde. If the squadron is screening for the capable of operating independently of the main body.
regiment, the RSS is with the main body. Squadron A covering force in a defense conducts operations to
trains may move with the RSS for protection and to
enhance support coordination. either defend against or delay an attacking enemy force.
It is tasked to force the enemy to prematurely deploy
The squadron may also screen for another unit. The and commence his attack. It identifies the enemy’s main
RSS and RS4 coordinate with that unit’s CSS element effort. A covering force also reduces the enemy’s
to have squadron trains move with the CSS element in strength by destroying specific maneuver units or strip-
the main body. Only essential elements of the combat ping away essential CS units.
trains are likely to accompany the cavalry squadron. The
RSS provides additional transportation for mobility if Because of the usual necessity for a covering force to
required. fight a major engagement, the separate brigade is nor-
mally provided with additional combat, CS, and CSS
Separate brigade elements may also use similiar tech- units. If the elements come from a division, they come
niques. Battalion trains along with any required with their organic CSS assets as well as a slice of the
augumentation from the support battalion maintain a DISCOM. Other support assets have to come from the
central location behind the screen line, responding to COSCOM.
calls for the evacuation of the wounded and for damaged
vehicles. Battalion trains always move to the next screen The brigade commander positions forward in the
line as the force prepares to move to its next screen line. covering force area only those CSS assets immediately
essential to the operation. Key items are bulk fuel, am-
GUARD munition, limited maintenance, and HSS. COSCOM
A guard mission is normally assigned to a squadron HETs may also be necessary to evacuate heavy equip-
or battalion. A guard force accomplishes all the tasks of ment. Aeromedical evacuation assets maybe deployed
a screening force. However, its operations differ from a in the covering force area. The tactical commander
screening operation. It prevents enemy ground observa- determines if the casualties are held until linkup rather
tion of and direct fire against the main body. It than being evacuated out. Medical treatment assets are
reconnoiters, attacks, defends, and prevents enemy normally positioned at a larger site rather than in the
direct fire against the main body. A guard force normally covering force area.
operates within the range of main body indirect fire CSS assets are withdrawn when no longer required.
weapons. The commander deploys a guard force over a They are also withdrawn when the risk of their loss
narrower front than a screen to permit concentration of becomes unacceptably high. CSS for the covering
combat power. force with a defend mission requires the proposition-
ing of supplies. It also requires forward positioning of

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 FM 63-1

maintenance and an increase in barrier materials and to emplacement sites. A delay mission requires the al-
ammunition. The support battalion relies on the corps location of more time or more assets to preposition
to preposition supplies and to deliver barrier materials supplies at additional delay positions.

CONTINGENCY OPERATIONS
The separate brigade responds to a variety of contin- Some considerations for support of contingency
gencies. It reinforces US and allied forces deployed operations are —
anywhere in the world. The separate brigade also Prior to its deployment, the separate brigade es-
deploys alone to areas of minor conflict. There may not tablishes request procedures for each phase of the
be US or allied bases. The brigade also deploys as part operations. The separate brigade cannot carry all
of a contingency corps or larger sized force. In such necessary classes of supply. The support battalion
cases, it has a normal combat role or a role as a rear needs augmentation before deployment (such
operations force. as, trucks, HETs, MHE, container-handling
Support requirements are different for each contin- capability, POL haul capability, and ROM kits)
gency operation. Each contingency mission requires from corps. The separate brigade support bat-
intensive CSS planning. Support battalions of the talion is plugged into a support base as soon as it
separate brigade prepare to support operations in any arrives in a new AO.
environment and under any set of circumstances. The separate brigade has attached units requiring
Unless in-country support is available, the contingen- support of different types of equipment. Supply
cy force takes with it the assets required to support itself planners need to identify early the density of this
until establishing lines of communication. Regardless of equipment and the required Class IX. It is also
the support package the separate brigade deploys with, necessary for the COSCOM to load this data into
it eventually requires supply replenishment, replace- its supply management system to preclude rejec-
ments, and maintenance support beyond its organic tion of requisitions.
capability. The separate brigade considers the work load cap-
During early phases of contingency operations, the tured weapons and ammunition place on the force
support battalion may echelon its assets. This involves structure. The work load may be immense for
using a forward logistics element and forward logistics receipt, storage, safeguarding, controlling, and
base. The forward logistics element may include Class movement of captured items.
I, III, and V. See support concepts in Chapter 1. Personnel planners for mortuary affairs prepare
Support of contingency operations is phased. It is remains evacuation flow diagrams. The plan iden-
critical the planners synchronize the deployment of tifies each point and the responsible person at each
separate brigade units, supplies, and CSS C2 with the point as the remains change custody.
increase in combat capabilities. In a contingency area, the separate brigade (early)
identifies the types of fuel available. This way,
there is less fuel filter consumption.

RECONNAISSANCE OPERATIONS
The main purpose of reconnaissance is to gain infor- The ACR normally performs reconnaissance in a
mation of tactical importance about the enemy, weather, wide zone. The regiment may have three ground
or terrain. Terrain information includes terrain features squadrons abreast and the RAS forward. The regimen-
and trafficability. It also includes natural and man-made tal commander establishes adequate control measures
obstacles and other aspects of the environment. Recon- to ensure synchronized reconnaissance. He also
naissance also determines the attitudes, activities, decentralizes execution to the squadron commanders.
conditions, strengths, and locations of significant num- If the separate brigade is given a similar mission the
bers of civilians. same considerations apply.

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 FM 63-1

The ACR accomplishes reconnaissance as an reconnaissance. Some general planning considerations

aspect of offensive cover. It also accomplishes recon- in supporting a reconnaissance operation are —
naissance by directing squadrons to perform the • Echelon squadron trains. Combat trains remain
mission. Reconnaissance is the primary mission of the mobile.
RAS. When assigned a zone reconnaissance mission,
the corps commander allows the regimental com- • Position a portion of each essential CSS asset, such
mander considerable freedom of action. This allows as ammunition, POL, and maintenance, in the
the reconnaissance effort to pull the corps main body combat trains.
along the lines of least resistance and seize oppor- • Ensure basic loads remain replenished.
tunities as they occur. • Plan for an increased consumption of POL.
During reconnaissance operations, the depth of • Use push packages of preplanned and precon-
the zone or anticipated duration of the operation figured essential logistics items.
dictates arrangement of CSS assets. It also dictates • Plan for increased vehicular maintenance, espe-
how many assets are forward. The RSS is positioned cially when operating over rough terrain.
properly and is mobile enough to support the recon- • Use maintenance support teams well forward.
naissance mission. Class III and V are the major
concerns. Certain general considerations guide plan- • Plan use of airlift and airdrop for resupply.
ning and preparation. The emphasis on any particular • Suspend most field service functions.
consideration varies with the mission assigned. Em- • Select supply routes, LRPs, and subsequent trains
phasis, priorities, and requirements may also shift as locations for the entire operation. Plan alternative
the operation is underway. The availability of adequate routes and means.
supplies and transportation to support the operation • Prepare for increased casualties, additional evacua-
becomes more critical as the operation progresses. tion, and increased mortuary affairs requirements.
MSRs lengthen, communications are strained, and
requirements for repair and replacement of weapon • Upload in advance as much as possible logistics
systems are increased. Maintaining the momentum of the assets required for the operation.
operation is the overriding consideration in supporting • Plan for increasing distances and longer turnaround
times for MST operations.

HEAVY/LIGHT OPERATIONS
Effective integration of light and heavy forces and firepower. Light forces achieve maximum advantage
maximizes the capabilities of each type of force by in close terrain where enemy forces cannot attack them
using the advantages of one type to offset the limita- beyond the range of their weapons. In such terrain, they
tions of the other. Not all situations are suitable for can deny the enemy unhindered movement. Light forces
light-heavy/heavy-light operations. In considering are most effective when given an offensively oriented
integration of light and heavy forces, planners match mission.
the force to the METT-T. In addition, light forces fight at night and in limited
The Army categorizes forces as heavy on the basis visibility. Heavy forces are most vulnerable at night.
of their ground mobility. Heavy forces include They are especially vulnerable in restricted and close
mechanized infantry, armored, and cavalry forces. Heavy terrain where enhanced optics are of limited use.
forces are most effective where battles are fought When task organizing heavy and light forces, com-
over wide areas of relatively unrestricted terrain. They manders and staff recognize and consider these
seek to engage targets at the maximum ranges of their capabilities and staff planning considerations of
weapon systems. Engagements are fast-moving and each organization. There is no set formula for task
cover large areas of the battlefield. organizing heavy forces and light forces. However,
Light forces provide versatility and strategic flexibility there are some basic considerations for employing
through their capability for rapid deployment. However, light forces in conjunction with heavy forces that
once they deploy, light forces have limited mobility are applied. Considerations for developing the proper
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FM 63-1

command/support relationship for any mix of light division requires more support from the COSCOM.
and heavy forces are — Also, increased equipment densities exceed the
• The size and mission of the force. maintenance capabilities of the division and require
additional assets from corps.
• The distance of the deploying force from the
support base of its parent unit. A light battalion maybe attached or OPCON to a
• The support capability of the receiving force. heavy brigade. A light battalion attached to a heavy
This capability is particularly important to con- brigade is the preferred option when combining light
sider in the case of light forces. The different and heavy forces at this level. However, when the light
types of light forces have significantly different battalion is task-organized to a HSB, planners in the
support capabilities. HSB understand that light fighters are exactly that –
light. The more they have to carry, the slower they
• The relationship between the deploying support move and the smaller the advantage of their relative
element and the receiving unit. mobility in restricted terrain. Heavy force support
• The source of support for each force. planners recognize that providing too much support
• The self-supporting capability of the deploying forward involves considerable risk.
force. The preferred relationship of a heavy battalion
As a general rule, light forces cannot support the task-organized to the separate infantry brigade is
demanding logistics requirements of heavy forces. OPCON. In such cases, the heavy battalion continues
Light forces do not have the assets to move the large to coordinate support requirements with its parent
quantities of supplies and equipment heavy units re- brigade S4. The distance between the heavy battalion
quire. Nor do they have the maintenance assets to and its parent brigade support base is a key considera-
support heavy equipment. Special arrangements are tion in determining whether the battalion is supported
also required when a heavy unit supports a light one. through an OPCON relationship. Another considera-
The light force has equipment that the heavy support tion is the mission of the remaining elements of the
unit does not normally support. Also, light forces lack brigade.
an ability to move significant amounts of reserve Regardless of the C2 relationship, a CSS liaison
stocks. This means that planners arrange for rapidly element should accompany the unit operating under
supplying packages of critical supplies to light units. a new controlling headquarters. It coordinates sup-
These packages (which include Class IV and V items port and ensures information flows between the
such as wire, mines, and survivability items) are care- deployed unit to the controlling headquarters. This
fully planned in advance. information includes —
A separate heavy brigade can be placed OPCON to • Critical fuel and ammunition requirements.
a light division for a long duration. It has CS and CSS • Status of each class of supply to include water.
assets integral to its organization. A separate brigade
also receives its CSS from corps. In this situation, the • Maintenance requirements and backlog.
heavy separate brigade takes its normal corps slice of CS • Class IV, V and IX requirements and availability.
and CSS assets. This allows the light division to control • Movement requirements and available transpor-
the heavy separate brigade, but not become overbur- tation assets to include aircraft.
dened with support operations. • Availability of medical treatment and evacuation
As with the separate heavy brigade operating with a assets.
light division, the preferred option for a light brigade • Locations of support elements.
operating with a heavy division is a separate infantry • Status of support personnel.
brigade OPCON to the heavy division. The separate
infantry brigade support battalion links directly to the • Anticipated support problems.
COSCOM and coordinates with the heavy DISCOM • Compatibility of automated equipment.
support operations branch. If it is attached, the heavy • Unique equipment.

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 FM 63-1

NIGHT OPERATIONS
Support battalion commanders anticipate a substan- visibility. Personnel take care to ensure that proposition-
tial amount of their units’ work being done at night or in ing does not signal an attack.
limited visibility. They plan for the equipment needed Use of MHE is more dangerous at night. MHE
and the precautions necessary to perform the mission in operators train to use night vision goggles. They also
such conditions. For these types of operations, they load supplies on transportation assets during the day to
consider — be delivered at night. External SOPs require supported
Reducing electromagnetic emission. Support ac- units to provide additional walking guides or personnel
tivities are a major source of such emissions. Sup- to load supplies onto trucks.
port battalion commanders continually emphasize TRANSPORTATION
the role and use of wire, messengers, and sound
and visual signals. When brigade units conduct night operations, each
Appropriating civilian buildings to reduce thermal vehicle has a detailed strip map and an assistant driver.
signatures. They use available night vision devices. Personnel mark
MSRs clearly.
Lightproofing shelters.
Aerial resupply requires a directional light source to
Using filtered lights. guide helicopters. Personnel use directional strobe
Using night vision devices. lights or bean-bag lights (and in emergencies, chemical
Using roving patrols and listening posts and obser- lights.)
vation posts with either attached military police or MAINTENANCE
organic personnel.
Eliminating all but essential noise. Unless prohibited by the tactical commander, main-
tenance company elements work in lightproof shelters
In addition, the BSA is susceptible to a night attack. with subdued visible light. Personnel drop tarps and
This may further slow down logistics and HSS activities. tentage over weapons and vehicles to provide expedient
Use of chemical lights may be applicable. Possible shelters. When available, they use night vision devices to
techniques include the use of– repair critical items that cannot be fixed in the shelter.
They preposition equipment, tools, and repair parts and
• Chemical lights to light CP areas, eliminating gen- mark them for easy use.
erator noise and thermal signature.
BDA is difficult. Therefore, personnel place recovery
• Chemical trip flares which create no fire hazard vehicles forward during night attacks. They move equip-
but illuminate targets, mark target reference points, ment to a location where they perform assessment more
or mark ranges. easily. Recovery personnel reconnoiter routes during
• Magnetic holders to allow placement of colored daylight so they rapidly recover vehicles to the MCP.
chemical lights on vehicles.
• Chemical lights to illuminate areas of vehicle en-
HEALTH SERVICE SUPPORT
gine compartments for night repair. Light discipline requirements affect HSS operations
much as they do supply and maintenance operations.
• Chemical light holders to regulate the amount and Extensive treatment operations require lightproof shel-
direction of light. ters. Patient acquisition is more difficult. Units employ
SUPPLY some sort of casualty-marking system such as luminous
Supply planners anticipate high consumption of bat- tape or filtered flashlights.
teries, flashlights, and illumination rounds during night Limited visibility slows evacuation. This requires ad-
operations by their supported brigade. Also units use ditional ground ambulances to compensate. In the
additional fuel to run vehicle-mounted night sights. offense, ambulances move forward with the BASs. How-
Use of prestocked supplies requires careful coor- ever, personnel have to accomplish this movement
dination. Personnel are able to find locations in limited carefully to avoid signaling the enemy. Personnel use
predesignated AXPs and patient-collecting points.

2-13
FM 63-1

NBC OPERATIONS
Certain threat forces have built up their combat decontamination mission prior to treatment and
capability to employ NBC weapons and to survive and evacuation.
fight in an NBC environment. Their doctrine clearly Support operations section (ACR) for alternate
envisions employment of chemical weapons with either support methods.
nuclear or conventional weapons. Their forces are large,
well equipped, and well trained in NBC operations and Communications section for alternate lines of
defense. In addition to specialized NBC troops, other communication.
threat combat and CS forces receive extensive NBC COSCOM for additional decontamination sup-
training. Therefore, it is imperative that support bat- port.
talion personnel are capable of operating in such an All subordinate elements for dissemination of the
environment. NBC defense plan.
Contamination avoidance, protection (individual The defense plan for NBC operations is flexible and
and collective), and decontamination are the basic receives wide dissemination. NBC operations require
defense against NBC hazards. Support battalion per- increased emphasis on —
sonnel train in these defensive measures to minimize the • Contamination avoidance.
effects of NBC attacks. FMs 3-3, 3-4, 3-5, 3-100 and
8-10-4 have details. • Increased dispersion of units.
The NBC environment poses a challenge to the • Plans for alternate methods of supply, services,
separate brigade CSS system. In an NBC environment, and HSS. Planners should expect interruptions in
personnel casualties increase, compounding the mortuary the LOCs.
affairs and HSS work load. Equipment and supply dis- • Balance of the need for increased movement
tribution points support damage from nuclear blasts and against the capability to perform the mission.
fires caused by thermal radiation. Maintenance needs in- • Continuation of CSS with reduced resources.
crease sharply, quickly depleting levels of supplies and • Possible changes in basic loads.
equipment. Demands for repair parts increase, while • Plans to increase the CSS capability by the addition
fewer people are available to continue the support mission.
In an NBC environment, logistics and HSS personnel have of NBC decontamination teams as required.
to work in full protective equipment for extended periods, • Provisions for rapid augmentation or movement of
resulting in lower productivity. It is necessary to augment HSS units, on-site emergency treatment, and time-
the brigade to provide adequate decontamination systems ly evacuation of large numbers of patients.
and support. • Traffic control to prevent development of potential
NBC PLANNING targets resulting from traffic congestion.
• Plans for the rehabilitation of critical routes as
The S2/S3 section is responsible for developing the soon as possible after damage.
NBC defense plan. The section reviews the tactical SOP.
The section also reviews the brigade NBC vulnerability • Plans for the procurement of civilian manpower
analysis to develop the plan. The plan includes an NBC and materiel resources. Such resources supple-
defense requirement forecast. It also includes a set of ment separate brigade capabilities in rear opera-
priorities for decontamination of support battalion as- tions and CSS functions.
sets. The S2/S3 section directs preparation for an NBC • Plans which reflect that the tempo of all operations
attack. It identifies reinforced C2 procedures and com- slow down. Plans should also reflect that some
ponents of and procedures for NBC defense teams. In activities come to a halt in an NBC environment.
developing the defense plan, the branch coordinates This occurs because individuals or units have to
with the following elements: operate in protective clothing, equipment, or
• Support battalion S1 and medical company for facilities. In addition, personnel change work pro-
medical evacuation and treatment support. A team cedures to lessen contamination.
of nonmedical personnel accomplishes the patient

2-14
 FM 63-1

• Significant increases in demand and consumption PROTECTION

of individual and unit NBC clothing, equipment, The support battalion S2/S3 directs his unit’s
and supplies. response to an NBC attack in coordination with the
• Provisions for a team of nonmedical personnel to brigade S2/S3. The battalion S2/S3 alerts higher, ad-
decontaminate patients under supervision of jacent, and subordinate units, including aid stations and
medical personnel. mortuary affairs units, of NBC attacks and hazards. The
CONTAMINATION AVOIDANCE S2/S3 also files NBC reports in accordance with SOP
and the OPLAN/OPORD.
The main defensive measure against NBC hazards is
contamination avoidance. This reduces and sometimes On the individual soldier level, the best protection
eliminates requirements for protection and decon- against a nuclear attack is to be well dug in with over-
tamination. Measures include – head cover. Deeply dug foxholes, caves, tunnels, or
storm drains provide good protection. Most buildings
Taking passive measures such as dispersion, do not. Basements of concrete or steel framed buildings
cover, concealment, deception, camouflage, and are adequate if available. Personnel react immediately
OPSEC. to the initial sign of attack, a flash. They drop to the
Tasking soldiers to chemical detection and radiologi- ground or into a foxhole immediately without trying to
cal monitoring/survey teams. These teams obtain move to cover. They close their eyes, put arms near or
information about contamination hazards. Ad- under their bodies, and keep helmets on. They stay down
vance warning is vital to avoidance. They deploy until the shock wave has passed and returned. Once it
remote and local automatic alarms to provide passes, injuries are treated and preparations are made
early detection, warning, and identification of for ensuing fallout. Personnel monitor the area and
NBC hazards. The support battalion places and appropriate actions are taken. Improvements are made
maintains the NBC contamination marking signs to shelters and food and water are placed in protected
in the BSA. FM 3-100 covers NBC marking in areas.
depth. The basic individual protection against a biological
Limiting contamination spread. Personnel take agent attack is the wearing of the protective mask with
measures before, during, and after an NBC attack hood attached. The duty uniform and gloves provide
to limit the spread and exposure to other in- additional protection against bites from vectors. Such
dividuals, equipment, and area. These include vectors include mosquitoes and ticks that carry disease
prescribing levels of MOPP. microorganisms. Adequate protection against biologi-
Relocating to an uncontaminated area. Unless the cal toxins such as “yellow rain” requires MOPP 4.
attack consists of a nonpersistent chemical agent, the In a chemical environment logistics personnel wear
BSA is generally moved as soon as the tactical situa- MOPP gear for extended periods, which results in lower
tion allows to minimize exposure to residual hazards. productivity. All soldiers know the signals and alarms
If the battalion commander makes the decision to and react to them quickly. Detection teams are desig-
remain in place, the contamination hazard is les- nated in advance to survey contaminated areas.
sened or avoided as much as possible. The support
battalion commander works with brigade rear and DECONTAMINATION
main CPs to analyze the units’ situations to determine When personnel, equipment, and areas within the
if immediate relocation to a clean (uncontaminated), BSA are exposed to NBC contamination, decontamination
alternate location is necessary and possible. He gives measures are taken as soon as possible. Decent amination is
primary consideration to the current tactical situa- the process of making any person, object, or area safe
tion and protection offered by present position. He by absorbing, destroying, neutralizing, and making
also considers the increased exposure to the hazard harmless the contaminant. It is the removing of chemical
caused by relocation and the possibility of further or biological agents or radioactive material. Decon-
NBC attack. The degree of decontamination re- tamination stops the erosion of combat power and helps
quired and the impact of continuing to provide sup- the unit avoid casualties. Results of fallout surveys, tac-
port in partial or full protection also affect the tical plans, and NBC warnings and predictions from the
decision. brigade determine the decontamination steps.

2-15
 FM 63-1

SUPPORT MISSION IMPLICATIONS the raw water from the source with a ROWPU if neces-
When the enemy uses nuclear weapons or chemi- sary, and determine that it is safe to use. Sometimes
cal/biological agents, the support battalion undergoes personnel cannot treat contaminated water for drinking
unusual demands. Planners set priorities in advance to purposes. In that case, they dispose of it in a manner that
ensure effective logistics during an NBC attack. Nor- prevents secondary contamination. Water personnel
mally, planners give supply of ammunition, fuel, food, also mark the area. They monitor all water treatment,
water, and chemical defense equipment and essential storage, and dispensing equipment frequently for pos-
maintenance the highest priorities. The following para- sible contamination.
graphs discuss these demands and the measures to Class II. Selected Class II items, such as chemical
counter an NBC attack. defense equipment, receive priority of issue to selected
Supply units on an NBC battlefield. The brigade commander
gives highest priority support to units located in con-
In an NBC environment, the most critical supply taminated areas. He gives the next priority to units that
items are issued on an automatic basis. Emergency recently left contaminated areas. He gives the third
resupply is by air. There is a marked increase in con- priority to units deployed in forward areas.
taminated supplies. Personnel check (monitor) supplies Class III. Class III supply is critical in an NBC environ-
exposed to contamination before use or issue. They do ment. More frequent unit moves increase consumption.
not normally issue contaminated stocks. Until fully
decontaminated, they are segregated from clean stock. In emergencies, corps units deliver directly to tactical
In emergencies, when no other stocks are available, units and forward arming and refueling points. Emer-
supply personnel issue certain contaminated supplies. gency resupply to isolated units is by air. Supply person-
However, they issue contaminated supplies only if it nel disperse storage locations and activities. They
would give the receiving unit a decisive tactical ad- protect ancillary equipment to the same extent as major
vantage. They issue contaminated supplies first to units items of equipment. Storage tanks and bladders protect
similarly contaminated. Only under the most dire cir- bulk petroleum to a large degree. However, supply per-
cumstances do they issue contaminated stocks to an sonnel take precautions to reduce contamination on
uncontaminated unit. The issuing and receiving com- tanks and bladders.
manders jointly decide to issue contaminated items. Class IV. Selected high-usage Class IV items come in
Supply personnel try to avoid the spread of contamina- shipping containers for protection against NBC effects.
tion. They clearly mark contaminated stocks using This reduces handling and allows for responsive sup-
standard NBC markers. port. Supply personnel may issue contaminated or par-
tially decontaminated Class IV items when properly
Class I. Supply personnel do not normally provide identified. The user decontaminates contaminated
Class I to units operating in or near contaminated areas. Class IV items.
Units carry enough MREs to conduct operations
without daily resupply. Also, emergency nutrients that Class V. In NBC conditions, supply personnel separate
soldiers consume while wearing the protective mask are Class V supplies from other commodities. They keep
issued in an active NBC environment. Units store ra- them as mobile as possible. Protective covers lessen
tions under protective coverings or in containers to exposure to nuclear and chemical contamination. Am-
prevent or reduce contamination. They limit decon- munition support elements decontaminate ammunition
tamination efforts to removing the containers and car- under their control. Large-scale decontamination re-
ton overwrap. They normally do not use contaminated quires additional support. If the situation requires the
rations. Veterinary personnel provide technical help issue of contaminated stocks, supply personnel use the
and advice on the use of rations. standard NBC markers. ATP personnel prepare to
Water. Supply points do not issue, and units do not use, operate in contaminated areas if no uncontaminated
contaminated water. Preventive medicine personnel areas are available.
monitor water prior to issue and use. Purification opera- Class VII. In NBC conditions, corps heavy materiel
tions practice avoidance in all but extreme emergencies. supply companies decontaminate Class VII items
If personnel suspect that a water source is con- before issue. If supply points have to issue con-
taminated, they mark it with standard NBC markers. No taminated items, the receiving unit is responsible for
one uses that water source until personnel test it, treat decontamination. Before issue of contaminated items,
2-16
 FM 63-1

supply personnel put the standard NBC marker on the effectiveness of chemical overgarments, mechanics
the item. They make every effort to avoid abandoning keep as clean as possible. Wet weather gear helps but
Class VII items due to contamination. causes heat buildup. As much as possible, maintenance
Class IX. Supply personnel normally issue con- company elements operate in protected areas like un-
taminated Class IX items only in emergencies. In such derground garages and concrete buildings.
cases, personnel issue these items for critical weapon Using units decontaminate their own equipment
systems. Before issue, personnel mark the items within their capabilities. Equipment turned over to
with standard NBC markers. They check repair parts, maintenance personnel should be as free of con-
especially sensitive electronic parts, for damage before tamination as the using unit can make it. When using
issue. units cannot decontaminate equipment, they mark the
Transportation equipment with the type and the date/time of con-
tamination. If possible, they mark the specific areas
There may be contaminated supply routes. How- of equipment contamination to alert maintenance
ever, personnel use these supply routes with the use personnel of the danger. They also segregate con-
of protective equipment. Vehicles using these routes taminated material.
also require decontamination. This is very time con-
suming and causes delays in delivery of cargo. Sometimes using units cannot decontaminate damaged
Therefore, personnel take special precautions to or inoperable equipment that is critical to the battle.
avoid contaminated supply routes. Maintenance personnel prepare to repair it at a con-
taminated MCP. Use of a contaminated MCP limits
Personnel use NBC reconnaissance and strict traf- contamination and combines contaminated repair as-
fic control measures to aid in contamination avoidance. sets. It also extends repair times and contaminates
This limits the spread of contamination and exposure previously uncontaminated tools, test equipment, and
to other individuals, equipment, and areas. Detours repair parts. A contaminated MCP is similar to a hasty
and rerouting, however, increase turnaround time decontamination site. It is far enough forward to limit
and require more cargo vehicles. the spread of contamination, yet far enough back to buy
Use of Army aviation assets for resupply of forward time for MOPP IV-clad mechanics.
areas increases on a contaminated battlefield be- FM 43-12 has more on NBC maintenance opera-
cause of the increased need for dispersion. This is tions.
based on METT-T. Resupply by air is often more
effective than ground means. Aviation personnel are Health Service Support
capable of flying over obstacles and contaminated The NBC environment taxes available health ser-
areas. An additional mission of all aircraft is medical vice support assets due to —
evacuation. Personnel prepare assets to perform that • Mass casualties.
mission when medical evacuation assets are overloaded
during mass casualty situations. Contamination • Loss of medical personnel, facilities, and equip-
avoidance for transportation is the same as that for ment and supplies.
supply. • Contamination of medical personnel, facilities,
Maintenance and equipment and supplies.
• Necessity for using MOPP.
Avoiding contamination of equipment is easier than
decontaminating it. Decontamination is time consum- The NBC environment requires augmentation of
ing. It also causes corrosion and damage to some types medical personnel, facilities, equipment, and supplies.
of equipment. Providing overhead cover for equipment If medical personnel anticipate an NBC environment,
and supplies significantly reduces liquid contamination they coordinate for medical augmentation before the
of such material. operation.
Petroleum products trap chemical contamination. They When the separate brigade commander plans an
collect in bolt threads, hydraulic fluids, and closed assemblies. operation, the brigade surgeon reviews current health
Hence, a vehicle may be safe to drive without MOPP 4 but and radiation exposure status of units involved. He also
not be safe to repair. Also, since oil, grease, and dirt degrade reviews the exposure predicted in the commander’s plan.

2-17
 FM 63-1

The brigade surgeon gives the commander general es- Other detailed doctrine on medical operations in NBC
timates of the– conditions appears in TM 8-215 and FM 8-9.
• Reduction in effectiveness of personnel due to Personnel base treatment and evacuation of NBC
exposure to radiation. patients on manifested signs and symptoms. SOPs
• Number and time-phasing of casualties that may govern the use of prophylactic measures following
occur. known or suspected biological or chemical agent attack.
• Resulting medical work load and the requirements Following a nuclear attack, individuals who suspect
for medical units to perform it. radiation injury may reach the MTF seeking medical
attention. Suspected nuclear radiation injury alone,
Contamination is one of the major problems in without specific symptoms and physical signs, does not
providing HSS in an NBC environment. Medical units justify evacuation. Ordinarily, in nuclear and conven-
take necessary action to avoid contamination and lessen tional warfare, burns and traumatic injury are the basis
the initial effects of nuclear weapons. They protect for early medical care and evacuation.
medical supplies and equipment from contamination Field Services
with chemical agent resistant coatings or protective
coverings. They disperse Class VIII stocks to prevent or In an NBC environment, each unit recovers its
reduce damage caused by NBC weapons. They decon- remains. Recovery teams handle all remains within a
taminate contaminated items before issue to using units. contaminated or suspected contaminated area as if they
Personnel do not normally issue contaminated stocks. are contaminated. Recovery teams take adequate
Until fully decontaminated, they are segregated from precautions when handling these remains. Team mem-
clean stock. bers attach NBC tags to remains contaminated by NBC
Each physically capable individual carries out required agents. Remains that are contaminated by biological
agents may also be contagious. If this is the case, team
decontamination of himself and his equipment as soon as members attach to the remains a standard paper tag
possible. Personnel set up conveniently located decon- with the word “Contagious.” Personnel solely base the
tamination stations at MTFs. (See Figure 2-l.) Medical decision to evacuate remains from a contaminated area
personnel decontaminate patients before evacuation by on the ability to decontaminate the remains and per-
aircraft or ground vehicles. Medical units only decon- sonal effects. If team members cannot decontaminate
taminate patients who have reached MTFs and are unable remains and personal effects, they are buried at the
to perform self-aid. If MTFs have to decontaminate recovery site using emergency burial. FM 10-63 has
patients, decontamination support is essential. Without it, procedures for burying contaminated remains. If NBC
a significant degradation of HSS results if treatment and personnel have time and assets, the remains and per-
evacuation personnel have to man decontamination sta- sonal effects are decontaminated. After an NBC
tions. specialist clears and checks, the decontaminated
Personnel do not admit patients to MTFs in con- remains and personal effects are evacuated to a collec-
taminated clothing or blankets. Occasionally, a tion point.
con t a m i n a t e d patient requires immediate treatment. Commanders curtail renovation operations in an
No decontamination procedure should prevent lifesav- NBC environment in favor of higher priority missions.
ing procedures. HSS personnel treat a contaminated In addition, they curtail laundry service in an active NBC
patient in the contaminated treatment area. See environment except clothing decontamination and sup-
FMs 8-285 and 8-10-4 for treatment of chemical patients. port of critical functions such as HSS.

2-19
 FM 63-1

Chapter 3
Command and Control
Contents
Page
PRINCIPLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-1
ORGANIZATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-2
PROCESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-3
FACILITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-4

PRINCIPLES
The support battalion and subordinate com- • Good understanding of automation and infor-
manders use the C2 system to plan, direct, and mation systems. This includes the organization
coordinate the activities used to accomplish the logis- and operations of the logistics and HSS automated
tics and HSS mission. Commanders measure the functions and the communications which sup-
efficiency of a C2 system by the extent to which their port the system.
intentions are carried out. They also measure the The support battalion and subordinate commanders
efficiency by the ability of their staff and subordinate are responsible for the C2 of organic and attached ele-
commanders to cope with changes quickly and effec- ments. They–
tively. An effective C2 system requires the following:
• Plan and conduct the operations of organic and
• Clearly defined functional responsibilities for all attached logistics and HSS units with the same
aspects of command and control. care as that used in planning and conducting
• Sound knowledge of the tactical situation and tactical operations.
the operational commander’s intentions. • Consider the capabilities and limitations of the
• Personal involvement and appraisal by the com- organic logistics and HSS system and its rein-
mander and staff of the logistics and tactical forcing support. The main interest is to ensure
situation. logistics and HSS are sufficient to support and
• Familiarity with the responsibilities of higher, preserve the force.
lower, supported, and supporting units. This in- • Make policies and decisions known to all organic
cludes the kind of support needed and what elements in time to ensure support for planned
support each level can provide. operations.
• Close contact and exchange of information at • Give subordinate commanders the resources
higher, lower, adjacent, supported, and support- and authority to accomplish the mission.
ing levels. • Ensure subordinate commanders are well
• Clearly written directives, reports, orders, and trained in communications and decision making.
studies. However, the commander should not Also ensure they understand when and in what
rely strictly on written communications. circumstances they have the prerogative to act.
• Understanding of the organic communications A C2 system consists of organizations, processes,
of the separate brigade to include radio nets and and facilities. The organizations are the internal and
access to the area signal system. external units with which support battalion elements
• Effective operational CSS communications net- interact to accomplish their missions. The processes
work in particular and overall corps communica- are the techniques and procedures the commanders
tions in general. and their staffs use. Facilities are the CP and support-
ing automation and communication systems.

3-1
FM 63-1

ORGANIZATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS
To perform their C2 functions, the support bat- with the support battalion CP. The brigade S4 has a
talion commander and his staff develop and maintain representative there at all times. The support com-
a variety of relationships. They include relationships mander and staff understand the brigade commander’s
with — intent and translate current developments into future
• Higher organizations – Separate brigade. requirements. They anticipate required changes to the
support battalion’s organization, employment, and
• Supported organizations –Elements of the operations.
separate brigade.
• Subordinate organizations – Support battalion SUPPORT BATTALION AND
companies. SUPPORTED BRIGADE UNITS
• Supporting organizations – Corps support bat- The support battalion also forms a close relationship
-
talion forward corps support group, and COSCOM with the supported battalions and other attached and
support operations staffs. assigned units. This close relationship with supported
units ensures planners integrate support battalion
SUPPORT BATTALION AND operations with the operations of the supported forces.
BRIGADE HEADQUARTERS The support battalion and supported units work out the
The support battalion is a subordinate command day-to-day details of logistics operations in the brigade.
of the brigade headquarters. The support battalion These include specific requirements and time
commander is the principal logistics and HSS schedules. For routine operations, the support bat-
operator of the brigade and executes the brigade talion companies also develop relationships with
DS-level CSS plan. As discussed later in this chapter, supported unit CSS operators such as support platoon
the support battalion commander and staff develop leaders, battalion maintenance officers, and medics.
a close relationship with the brigade S4. Typically, the Support relationships have to be adjusted in extreme
support battalion CP colocates with the brigade rear circumstances. For instance, if a unit is cut off from its
CP. The support battalion commander provides tech- parent unit, the senior maneuver commander reor-
nical support and advice to the brigade commander ganizes logistics assets. He puts all assets, both unit and
on CSS matters. The support battalion keeps the DS level, under the centralized control of the senior
brigade headquarters aware of the support status in logistics or other designated individual. If the whole
the brigade area. He also is aware of anticipated brigade with the support battalion is cut off, the support
requirements beyond the capability of the support battalion commander is normally in control. He takes
battalion. The brigade commander gives the support several actions. He gathers information on all available
battalion commander support priorities. He also gives assets as well as the personnel and equipment in the
direction on support operations, battlefield locations, supported force. He advises the maneuver commander,
security, and movement. who selects the best alternative – break out, defend
The brigade commander plans all aspects of encircled, attack deeper, or exfiltrate. On the basis of
brigade operations, including logistics. The brigade the commander’s intent, the logistician rations key sup-
S4 assists in the area of logistics. He provides logistics plies and authorizes cannibalization. Also he develops
information to the commander and acts as the plans to destroy equipment and develops a casualty
brigade’s logistics planner. As such, he coordinates evacuation plan.
the status of supplies and equipment with the In addition to its support relationship to the brigade,
maneuver battalion XOs and S4s. He also coordinates the support battalion has terrain management and
with representatives of CS elements attached and security responsibilities. For these functions, it has
assigned to the brigade. The brigade S4 maintains operational control over all elements located in the
continuous contact with the support battalion com- BSA. The brigade S3 has staff responsibility for the
mander to provide update of brigade status. He also overall security of the brigade. The support battalion
maintains contact with the BMMO to keep track of commander has responsibility for the security of the
the support battalion’s capabilities. To maintain this BSA. This topic is discussed in depth in Chapter 5.
coordination, the brigade rear CP normally collocates

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 FM 63-1

SUPPORT BATTALION HEADQUARTERS attaches a corps slice to the separate brigade. The corps
AND SUBORDINATE COMPANIES slice includes logistics and HSS elements. These ele-
The support battalion commander maintains close ments support corps combat, CS, and CSS elements
personal contact with his subordinate company com- which accompany the separate brigade. Depending
manders. He depends on them to provide timely upon METT-T, the corps slice could consist of DS supply
information on the status of their companies. In addi- company elements and MSTs. It could also include truck
tion, the company commanders understand the platoons, CEB teams, and HSS elements.
support battalion commander’s intent to perform In addition to corps elements which operate in the
their roles with initiative. They enhance this under- brigade area, corps forces may move through the area.
standing through frequent face-to-face discussion. For instance, corps units withdrawing from a covering
The company commanders are likely in the vicinity force mission may pass through the brigade area. The
of the support battalion CP to facilitate coordination. support battalion coordinates movement through the
However, they do not tie themselves to one spot. They area. It also provides minimal support to assist the units
command their companies from the locations where in reaching their destination. Support most likely is
they can best assess and influence the support opera- supplemental maintenance and fuel.
tion. These commanders use verbal orders, radio, SUPPORT BATTALION AND
visual signals, or wire among themselves, the support THE SUPPORTING CORPS SUPPORT
battalion staff, their platoon leaders, and the sup- BATTALION/CORPS SUPPORT GROUP
ported elements. The support battalion normally ties directly into the
SUPPORT BATTALION AND corps support system. The support battalion S2/S3 (the
CORPS UNITS support operations staff in the ACR) coordinates with
A number of corps elements may operate in the the support operations staff of the CSB designated by
brigade area. Examples of such units include – the CSG OPORD to provide support on –
• Engineer battalion. • ASP support to the separate brigade ATR
• Military intelligence teams. • Reinforcing DS maintenance (including MST sup-
port) to the battalion maintenance company.
• Field artillery battalion.
• Designated field services (CEB, laundry teams).
• Air and ground ambulances and medical units.
For other support, the support battalion S2/S3 coor-
If the corps elements are in the brigade rear and the dinates with the support operations staff of the
number of personnel and items of equipment to be supporting forward CSG on –
supported are small enough, the support battalion sup-
ports them on an area basis. If the numbers are • GS ammunition support (CSA to ATP).
substantial or dispersion taxes the support battalion’s • GS bulk fuel support to the support battalion Class
assets, the COSCOM has to augment the support bat- III point.
talion. In all cases, these corps units receive HSS from • GS-level supply (depending on the forward CSG
the nearest medical facility regardless of unit affiliation. task organization).
If the separate brigade deploys with a division, corps
units operating in the separate brigade area obtain logis- • Mortuary affairs support.
tics from the CSB/logistics task force employed in the As discussed in Chapter 5, the support battalion
DSA. transportation officer goes through the brigade
Where the separate brigade deploys to an un- transportation officer to request transportation support
developed theater of operation, the corps commander from the supporting MCT. An MCT is collocated with a
forward CSG which tasks truck units providing logistics.

PROCESS
The support battalion commander and staff use the supervise the execution of orders. A summary of this
C2 process outlined in FM 101-5 to make decisions and process appears here. The process is a continuous one;
3-3
FM 63-1

the support battalion commander and staff are always • When the logistics and HSS resources are available
involved in estimating and planning. However, the focus to supported units.
becomes more precise when the support battalion An in-depth discussion of planning for HSS is in
receives a mission. FM 8-55. Logistics planning factors are in FM 101-10-1/2.
In some cases the support battalion commander Such logistics and HSS planning is as detailed as time
deduces the mission. Usually, he receives planning permits. Sound SOP and contingency plans greatly assist
guidance and a restated mission from the brigade com- in the development of specific plans. When SOPS are
mander. When he receives or deduces the mission, the comprehensive, they have to change only to accom-
support battalion commander and staff begin mission modate specific requirements or circumstances. In any
analysis. The support battalion staff identifies the tasks case, planning concentrates on those areas most vital to
required to accomplish the mission. It issues a warning successful mission accomplishment of the supported
order to all support battalion elements, along with the brigade.
support battalion’s planning guidance.
Planning guidance includes the brigade commander’s On the basis of staff estimates, the support battalion
commander determines the supportability of courses of
intent and a restated mission. It includes specific courses action to accomplish the mission. Once the support bat-
of action to develop or eliminate from consideration and talion staff finalizes the support plans, the XO gives
assumptions. It includes constraints (to include time guidance on preparation of the OPORD/OPLAN. The
limitations) and critical information required. It also S2/S3 consolidates the input. He then publishes and
includes specific considerations such as the probability distributes the OPORD/OPLAN after the support bat-
of NBC attack, implementation of deception plans, and talion commander approves it.
rear operations. The support battalion staff uses plan-
ning guidance to prepare estimates. Therefore, the After the S2/S3 distributes the OPORD/OPLAN, the
support battalion commander ensures that the nature of support battalion commander and staff supervise its ex-
his planning guidance does not bias staff estimates. ecution. The primary purpose of the staff is to assist
The support battalion commander and staff plan con- subordinate units to carry out the intent of the support
battalion commander’s order. The support battalion staff
tinuously. Yet, it is not until they receive the brigade refines plans and orders as the situation changes. Infor-
commander’s decision on the tactical employment of mation comes back to the command section through
brigade units that they finalize the concept of operations. reports and personal observations of the battalion/com-
Working with the brigade S4 and the support battalion pany commanders and staff and the BMMO. On the
medical company commander/brigade surgeon, the sup- basis of this information, it evaluates instructions as re-
port battalion staff determines the logistics and HSS quired.
structure. They determine —
What type of support is required. One final point is key. Time is often the critical factor
in the C2 process. FRAGOs on previous orders are often
What quantities of support are required. preferable to new orders. Also, SOPs layout a simplified
What is the priority of support, OPORD process that meets the commander’s needs.
What logistics and HSS resources are available. This process may include an easy-to-use, fill-in-the-blank
Where the logistics and HSS resources are located. OPORD format. The format is on the unit’s automated
system.

FACILITIES
C2 facilities include CPs and supporting automation AUTOMATION
and communications systems. These facilities process Automated systems throughout the brigade allow
and transmit information and orders necessary for effec- commanders to manage information to optimize use of
tive C2. A discussion of the support battalion CPs and C2 limited resources. The systems include the machinery,
automation is below. Chapter 4 contains information on
communications. programs, specialists, and organizations which process
data through the use of computers. The command control,

3-4
 FM 63-1

and subordinate system that includes a CSS control node communicates with the brigade S3 ATCCS MCS
system integrates data bases to support cross-functional in the main CP via MSE.
decision making. The STAMISs (SIDPERS, SARSS-2, SPBS-R,
Command, Control, and SAAS-DAO, SAMS-2) interface with the support bat-
Subordinate System Structure talion S2/S3 CSSCS and the BMMC CSSCS. The
CCS2 provides the means of interfacing the five bat- SIDPERS locates in the support battalion S2/S3 CSSCS.
tlefield control functions of maneuver, air defense, CSS, SARSS-2, SPBS-R, SAAS-DAO, and SAMS-2 locate in
intelligence/EW, and fire support. The Army Tactical the BMMC CSSCS. They communicate via direct con-
Command and Control System interfaces these five bat- nection, LAN, or magnet media exchange. Other
tlefield control functions. (Note: Initial fielding begins STAMISs (TAMMIS, SARSS-1, SAMS-1) locate in the
in the first quarter of FY 94.) OPFACs of the support battalion companies. Because
of their dispersion throughout the BSA, they communi-
The CSS Control System of the ATCCS is an cate with the battalion CSSCS via CNR or magnetic
automated system that provides logistics, medical, media exchange.
and personnel command and control information. It
rapidly collects, analyzes, projects, and distributes Brigade Staff. CSSCS devices in the brigade head-
this information to the commander. This allows the quarters are the S4 CSSCS and the S1 CSSCS.The S4 CSSCS
commander to make timely and sound tactical device locates in the CSS cell of the main CP. CSS personnel
decisions. This information also helps CSS com- (S1, S4, S5) share this device. The S1 CSSCS device locates
manders perform their command and control in the rear CP, and the S1, S4, S5 personnel in the CP also
functions. In addition, this information helps combat share this device.
support commanders to execute their missions. The The STAMISs (SIDPERS, DAMMS-R) interface
CSSCS retrieves data from CSS subordinate units and with the brigade staff CSSCS devices. They collocate
feeder systems, called Standard Army Management within the OPFAC. They interface via direct connection
Information Systems. The CSSCS is employed at ar- LAN or magnetic media exchange.
mored cavalry regiment, separate brigade, division, Functional Systems
corps, and echelons above corps.
The CSS automated systems provide information to
There are four CSSCS devices in a separate brigade CSSCS for command and control purposes. Yet, they
and five in an ACR. In the ACR, the regimental combat continue to perform the functional missions for which
aviation squadron has a fifth device. This device they were originally designed. These systems operate on
provides visibility on aviation logistics concerns. Each TACCS or the ULC hardware. The support battalion
device responds to information requirements generated uses the systems below:
by the support battalion commander, the brigade
commander, and the other ATCCS nodes at brigade • SIDPERS operates on TACCS and automates
level. It also provides the means for the brigade com- strength accounting, assignment, organization
mander and staff to disseminate information, such record keeping, personnel record keeping, and
as OPLANs, orders, and inquiries, to the support labor-intensive military personnel operations
battalion. The interface with the other CCS2 nodes within the S1 section of the support battalion.
(fire support, air defense, IEW, and maneuver) permits • SPBS-R automates the property accountability
integration of all battlefield control functions to and reporting requirements of ARs 710-2 and 710-
synchronize activities. Figure 3-1 depicts CSSCS in 3. It provides the brigade with a state-of-the-art
support of the separate brigade/ACR. automated property book that improves Class VII
Support Battalion. CSSCS devices in the support bat- accountability and asset visibility. The SPBS-R
talion are the support battalion S2/S3 CSSCS and the operates on TACCS in the Class VII section of the
BMMC CSSCS. The support battalion devices collocate BMMC. SPBS-R on TACCS interfaces with
in the support battalion CP complex in the BSA. They SARSS-1, ULLS, and CSSCS.
communicate via LAN. • ULLS operates on the ULC and provides auto-
The support battalion S2/S3 CSSCS device is the mation of logistics functions at the unit and bat-
ATCCS CSS node at the separate brigade echelon. This talion levels. The unit maintenance application has
been developed. (In addition, an S4 consolidated
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 FM 63-1

logistics component is currently under develop- SAMS-2 operates on TACCS hardware in the
ment.) ULLS interfaces with CSSCS, SARSS- BMMC materiel section. The system receives
1, SAMS-1, SPBS-R, SAAS-DAO, and other SAMS-1 data and provides immediate production
applicable STAMISs. and supply requirements to managers. It gives
• SARSS-1 operates on TACCS hardware in the daily visibility of deadlined equipment. The
support battalion’s S&T and maintenance materiel condition status report module displays
companies. The system automates Class II, III parts required for production and readiness by
(packaged), IV, VII, and IX supply actions. It either unit or weapon system. In addition to the
performs time-sensitive functions such as SAMS-1 interface, SAMS-2 interfaces with
receipt, storage, issue, replenishment, inventory other appropriate SAMS-2 (for example,
adjustments, supply performance reporting, and BMMC to CMMC) and SAMS-3 devices, and
excess identification, as well as maintaining other designated STAMISs.
accountable stock record balance. During normal SAAS-DAO operates on TACCS hardware in
distribution operations, SARSS-1 interfaces the BMMC. It provides an automated manage-
directly with SARSS-2A on TACCS at the ment information system to support the manage-
BMMC. In contingency operations, SARSS-1 ment and distribution of ammunition requirements
may operate in the autonomous mode without within the separate brigade and ACR. It inter-
SARSS-2A support and interface directly with faces with SAAS-1/3 at the CMMC and SAAS-4
the DAAS to route requisitions directly to the at the ASP.
wholesale supply system. In addition to interfac- DAMMS-R operates on TACCS hardware in the
ing with SARSS-2A, SARSS-1 interfaces with HHC of the support battalion. It interfaces with
ULLS, SPBS-R, SAMS-1, DAMMS-R, CSSCS, the transportation officer assigned to the S4
and PWIS. section of the brigade headquarters. The brigade
• SARSS-2A operates on TACCS in the BMMC. transportation officer automated mission
It is in the Class I-IV supply section, repair parts performance also requires a DAMMS-R on
branch of the materiel section, and property TACCS interface with the support battalion
book and Class VII section. In the BMMC, S&T company DAMMS-R operating on ULC.
SARSS-2A receives asset balance reports from The system provides in-transit cargo movements
SARSS-1 and routes unfilled requisitions data, mode asset status, hold/diversion status,
received from subordinate SARSS-1 activities movement information, transportation status
to the appropriate source of supply. It also per- reports, container reports, ETA forecasts, and
forms lateral transfers, substitutes item iden- transportation intelligence.
tification release, and submits catalog changes to TAMMIS-D operates on TACCS in the medical
SARSS-1. It also maintains asset balance company of the support battalion. The system
visibility for all SARSS-1 subordinate activities. provides timely, accurate, and relevant informa-
SARSS-2A interfaces with subordinate SARSS-1, tion through the MEDPAR-D and MEDLOG-D
CSSCS, higher echelon SARSS-2A/B, and other subsystems. MEDPAR-D provides automated
designated STAMISs. SARSS-2A replaces the capabilities in treatment and disposition data, unit
DS4 run on the DAS3. medical administration, ICRS, medical C2, and
• SAMS-1 operates on TACCS in the support system setup/maintenance. MEDLOG-D auto-
battalion’s maintenance company. The system matically generates medical supply requests and
automates maintenance production control, processes materiel receipts. It also accumulates
providing immediate job order and backlog cost summary data and manages due-in supplies.
status information. It provides, through file in- There is also an ADTMC module which assists the
quiry, repair parts and shop stock asset status. It aidman in the proper treatment and/or disposition
screens production parts requirements against of disease cases.
on-hand assets and automatically generates, COMMAND POST
edits, and passes requests to the supply system
via an interface with SARSS-1. The dynamics of the modern battlefield – speed,
complexity, and lethality – require the very highest
3-7
 FM 63-1

level of organization and operational efficiency within

any CP structure. Automated and manual informa-
tion systems minimize the time required for
administrative processing of information. The sys-
tems ensure the accurate portrayal of the tactical
situation. The systems also prevent needless verifica-
tion of data. They make information immediately
available to the commander and members of the
staff.
The CP is the control center for command and ad-
ministration of the battalion and its attached units.
SOPs control routine day-to-day CSS operations. Also,
the SOPs define staff responsibilities and interrelation-
ships. The battalion staff coordinates CSS operations
that require special attention and resolves conflicts
between subordinate units and between subordinate
and supported units.
The support battalion commander and S2/S3 in
coordination with the brigade S4 select the location of
the BSA. The brigade S3 approves the location.
Positioning of elements within the BSA is the respon-
sibility of the support battalion commander.
Certain officers and staff elements normally operate
in the support battalion CP. These include the com-
mander and the XO; the S1, S2/S3, and C-E staff
officers; the BMMO; the automation management of-
ficer; and personnel of the staff sections supporting
these principal staff officers.
Personnel normally operate in a two-shift mode to A key consideration in determining the location of the
permit continuous operations. Table 3-1 is an example CP is the ability of the site to provide good communications
of how the battalion CP positions could be organized with higher, lower, and adjacent organizations. Considera-
into two shifts. This is only an example of minimum tions include the capability to remote radios and to use
staffing. During intense activity, all available personnel terrain to mask transmissions. FM 24-1 has details. The
are required for short periods. However, maximum support battalion locates the CP near routes which allow
staffing cannot continue indefinitely. The support bat- relatively easy access into the area. It avoids prominent
talion commanders and staffs consider fatigue and terrain features and major road junctions to prevent the
sleep loss that occur during combat. Lack of sleep enemy from readily determining the CP location.
causes fatigue, thus, providing a major source of bat-
tlefield stress. Leaders are particularly susceptible. When possible, the support battalion locates the CP
Principles to minimize fatigue include: in built-up areas. Barns, garages, and warehouses
eliminate the need for extensive camouflage. Use of
• Developing and enforcing specific sleep plans. built-up areas also reduces infrared and electromagnetic
• Planning at least 3 to 4 hours of sleep every 24 signatures and reduces the requirement to move as often.
hours. Even at this rate, performance, especially Built-up areas may not be available. If they are not, the
decision-making skills, becomes degraded in support battalion locates the CP on the reverse slope. This
several days. location provides cover and concealment from both
• Giving priority of sleep to those whose decision ground and air observation fires. The ground is firm
making is critical to the mission. enough to support vehicle traffic, have good drainage,
and provide enough space to disperse vehicles.
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 FM 63-1

The CP travels light and is able to move often. A CP RMMC perform their communications, intelligence,
is a major source of electromagnetic and infrared ener- operations and logistics missions from these two
gy. If the CP does not move often, its location is fixed vans. Figure 3-3 (separate brigade) has S2/S3 operations
and targeted. The larger and more elaborate the CP in a van and BMMC operations in a tent. The brigade
setup, the less rapidly the CP can move. However, the rear CP collocates with the support battalion CP to
more frequently the CP moves, the more command, ensure the best possible communications and coor-
control, and communications suffer. dination.
When the CP does move, it displaces by echelon. A standard interior arrangement of the CP is
Once an interim operational capability is established desirable. It helps visitors locate specific staff sections
at the new location, the remainder of the CP elements and simplifies displacement and reestablishment of
move. the CP. An orderly arrangement groups those ele-
The commander may lay the CP out in a number of ments that frequently work together. Also, agencies
different arrangements, still allowing the CP to per- that have considerable traffic locate near entrances.
form its functions effectively. In a built-up area, the Agencies that require special security precautions
layout conforms to the structure of the available (such as, the communications center) arrange to
buildings. Figure 3-2 (ACR) depicts a dual shelter centrally locate.
configuration in a field environment. The S2/S3 and
 FM 63-1

3-10
 FM 63-1

Chapter 4
Communications
Contents
Page
PRINCIPLES AND DEVELOPMENTS IN COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . ..4-1
MOBILE SUBSCRIBER EQUIPMENT AREA COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM . . . . . . . . ...4-2
COMBAT NET RADIO SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-2
SUPPORT BATTALION RADIO NETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-3
SIGNAL SECURlTY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-5
COURIERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-5

PRINCIPLES AND DEVELOPMENTS IN COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS

Communications systems are essential for cable/wire teams help install wire in the brigade
gathering and disseminating data. Personnel need LOC/TOC.
them to plan and execute operations. Commanders • Secure multichannel LOS communications
use them to perform C2 functions and to supervise terminals for access to the automatic switched
performance. Effective management of support network. The LOS multichannel is the most
battalion functions depends on adequate communica- common and most frequently used system in
tions to keep abreast of changing situations and the brigade. The BSA is normally in the
requirements. brigade multichannel system in the initial
The support battalion relies on both its organic deployment of the multichannel system. How-
communications assets and the support of the corps ever, this depends on the timing of the BSA
signal battalion. Communications equipment and moves through the operational area. It also
systems in the corps are changing. The MSE system depends on the BSA locations relative to the
is replacing the old area communications system threat force.
described below. SINCGARS and IHFR are replacing • Net-radio interface facility for secure single-
the current FM-VHF (AN/VRC-12) series radios and channel FM radio access into the brigade auto-
AM-SSB (AN/GRC-106) radios. matic switched network. The basic single-channel
These changes affect how the support battalion radio net which passes CSS information is the
units connect to the area system. Under the old area administrative and logistics net.
system, the brigade extension platoon in the area signal • Secure single-channel HF RATT terminals for
company provides signal facilities to the brigade. entry into the GP RATT net. The GP RATT net
Services include – provides hard-copy communications traffic and
• Automatic telephone central office and switch- extended distance communications for the BSA.
ing facilities for trunk and local telephone circuits. • Secure multichannel TACSAT terminal at
The area telephone system is common-user. It is the brigade for access to the automatic switched
automatically switched and designed as transparent network over extended distances. TACSAT as-
to the users. Dial-up services include not only voice sets supplement existing LOS multichannel
service but also data transfer and facsimile. The systems. When tactical situations disperse
services also include other forms of electronically the brigade beyond any service by LOS, the
formatted information. Cable/wire installation TACSAT communications network is essential.
teams install the internal cables and local It is the primary means of connection between
telephone circuits. They lay cable/wire to tagged the forward elements of the brigade and the
junction boxes. Subscribers install local telephone various support bases.
circuits to the junction boxes. If time permits, the

4-1
FM 63-1

MOBILE SUBSCRIBER EQUIPMENT AREA COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM

MSE is the new area common user voice communicat- WIRE SUBSCRIBER ACCESS
ions system within the corps. It is the backbone of the Wire subscriber access points provide the entry point
corps system and deploys from the corps rear boundary (interface) between fixed subscriber terminal equipment
forward to the maneuver battalion main CP. The MSE owned and operated by users and the MSE area system
system is comprised of four functional areas: operated by signal units. The interface points are —
• Area coverage. The signal distribution panel (junction box) J-1077.
• Wire subscriber access. Each panel provides up to 13 subscriber access
• Subscriber terminals. points.
• Mobile subscriber access. The remote multiplexer combiners which provide up
AREA COVERAGE to eight subscriber access points.
Area coverage means MSE provides common user Beyond these two interface points, the using units install
and operate freed subscriber terminal instruments as well
support to a geographic area as opposed to dedicated as install and maintain the WF 16-field wire from the
support to a specific unit or customer. Under MSE, instruments to the interface points into the area system.
signal elements deploy node centers across the corps.
They are under the control of the corps signal officer. FIXED SUBSCRIBER TERMINALS
At corps level, the area signal battalion operates four The support battalion uses subscriber terminals that are
of these nodes. Connected to these nodes, via LOS digital nonsecure voice telephones. These provide full
radios, are small extension node switchboards and large duplex digital, 4-wire voice and a data port for interfacing
extension node switchboards. The following switchboards the AN/UNC-7 facsimile for informal record traffic, the
are organic to the corps signal battalion TACCS computers for CSS STAMISs, the AN/UGC-144
• 40 SEN switchboards capable of supporting 41 sub- (the single subscriber terminal) for formal record traffic
and the unit-level computers for the unit-level logistics
scribers each. STAMISs.
• 1 LEN switchboard capable of supporting 176 sub-
scribers. MOBILE SUBSCRIBER TERMINAL
There are an additional 24 SENs and 1 LEN in the corps The MSE terminal is the AN/VRC-97 mobile sub-
signal brigade’s signal support battalion. scriber radiotelephone terminal. This MSRT, which
consists of a very high frequency radio and a digital secure
The corps signal officer/signal brigade commander voice terminal, is a vehicle-mounted assembly. It interfaces
determines the location of switchboards based on the with the MSE system through a radio access unit. The
commander’s intent, customer requirement and other MSRT provides mobile subscribers access to the MSE
factors of MEIT-T. A habitual relationship is established area network. MSRTs also operate in CPs to allow access
and maintained between extension nodes including LOS to staff and functional personnel. The MSRT user has
teams and the CPs of corps combat units, that is ACRs or a KY68 telephone connected to the radio mounted in
artillery brigades. This is not the case if those units revert his vehicle. As long as the radio unit has LOS contact
to a reserve mission. In that case, the supporting extension with the RAU, and the operator has properly affiliated,
switch team is assigned another support mission until their it connects to the area system. The operational planning
habitually associated CP becomes active again. range is 15 kilometers from any RAU.

COMBAT NET RADIO SYSTEM

Three separate radio systems determine the design • Improved high
— frequency radio.
of the combat net radio structure; each has different • Single-channel ground and airborne radio.
capabilities and transmission characteristics. The three
svstems
. are — SCOTT is a stand-alone transportable tactical satel-
lite communications terminal which is transparent to the
•Single-channel objective tactical terminal. brigade. The other two systems, IHFR and SINCGARS,
4-2
 FM 63-1

provide the primary means of voice transmission of C2 of VHF-FM radios. These radios are designed for
information and the secondary means for data transmis- simple, quick operation using a 16-element keypad for
sion, which is required if data transfer requirements are push-button tuning. They are capable of short-range or
not met by the MSE system or couriers. long-range operation for voice or digital data com-
Current CNR equipment in the support battalion munications. The planning range is 8 to 35 kilometers.
consists of the AN/GRC-106 and the AN/VRC- 12 series They also operate in a jam-resistant, frequency-hopping
radios. The IHFR and SINCGARS series respectively mode which is changed as needed. IHFR is a family of
replace these radios. For a description of the new high frequency radios consisting of the AN/PRC-104
radios, refer to FM 24-24. SINCGARS is a new family manpack radio and the AN/GRC-193 vehicular radio.

SUPPORT BATTALION RADIO NETS

This section discusses radio nets in the support is the S2/S3 site in the CP. In addition, headquarters
battalion and support squadron. Tables 4-1,4-2, and personnel/sections monitor the following—nets:
4-3 list the nodes in each net. • Support battalion commander – brigade com-
SUPPORT BATTALION mand/operations net.
COMMAND/OPERATIONS NET • S2/S3 – brigade administrative/logistics net. (Remote
The principal radio net operated by the support to support battalion command net radio in S2/S3
battalion headquarters is the support battalion com- with AN-GRA 39.)
mand/operations net. The headquarters uses the net to – brigade operations/intelligence net.
command and control the elements of the support bat- – COSCOM/DISCOM command/operations
talion both from a command standpoint and from a CSS net (AM).
mission perspective. The net control station of this net

4-3
 FM 63-1

Collocation of the support battalion CP and the MAINTENANCE COMPANY

brigade rear CP helps to overcome perpetual shortfalls COMMAND NET
in radios. This collocation allows the support battalion The maintenance company net provides C2 for its
access to the brigade administrative/logistics net and maintenance elements which operate throughout the
to the brigade command net. brigade area. Elements of this net enter customer nets
SUPPLY AND TRANSPORTATION to coordinate mission requirements.
COMMAND NET MEDICAL COMPANY
This command net provides C2 for the S&T com- COMMAND NETS–FM/AM
pany headquarters and the supply, petroleum, and TMT The medical company net provides C2 for medical
platoons. In the petroleum platoon, every third tanker treatment and evacuation throughout the brigade sec-
unit has a radio for control purposes. In the ATP, the tor. The medical company’s dual net capability at
section chief and each forklift have radios to expedite platoon and squad level provides for coordination
the transloading of Class V to units. Due to the isola- with supported units and medical air evacuation. The
tion of the ATP and the requirement for corps company also has an AM-IHFR combat net radio that
management of Class V, additional CNR capability is nets with the division medical operations AM net. If
located at the ATP. The BAO representative at the the company is not deployed with a division, medical
ATP has an FM radio (AN/VRC-46 or AN/VRC-90) regulating and aeromedical evacuation coordination
to coordinate the flow of Class V with the BAO located require a high-frequency radio (long range) net. At a
at the BMMC. When MSE is deployed, an MSRT also minimum, it needs to tie into a medical group or
locates at the ATP thus providing access to the corps medical brigade regulating net.
Class V structure.

SIGNAL SECURITY
As part of the overall operations security program, •Distribute codes on a need-to-know basis.
support battalion elements consistently practice signal •Use only authorized call signs and brevity codes.
security. A vital consideration is siting of transmitting •Use wire and messengers whenever feasible.
antennas. Sites enable communications while minimizing
the enemy’s ability to intercept and locate transmissions. •Use available secure voice/RATT devices.
Considerations include – •Maintain net discipline and control.
• Remote antennas away from CPs by at least 1 •Use authentication and encryption codes specified
kilometer. in the current SOI.
• Construct and use directional antennas. Keep transmissions short (less than 20 seconds).
• Use terrain features, such as hills, vegetation, Report all COMSEC discrepancies to the net
and buildings, to mask transmissions. control station.
Other guidelines on signal security include the fol- • Use lowest transmitter power output consistent
lowing: with good communications.
• Avoid significant surges in traffic on single-
• Maintain radio or radio listening silence, using
radio only when absolutely necessary. channel radio nets.

COURIERS
Courier service, although slow, is a reliable means of elements inthe BSA, personnel use couriers and wire
of exchanging information. A support battalion ele- communications when practical. This lessens the
ment performs this service, not a signal unit. Due to security risks of substantial radio use.
the length of CSS transmissions and the high density

4-5
 FM 63-1

Chapter 5
Security And Terrain Management
Contents
Page
RESPONSIBILITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-1
COMMAND AND CONTROL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . 5-1
SECURITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-2
BSA LAYOUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-4
BCOC OPERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-6
BASE OPERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-8
TRAINING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-9
AREA DAMAGE CONTROL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-10

RESPONSIBILITIES
Commanders fight the AirLand Battle throughout • Minimize enemy interference in C3.
the depth of the battlefield. Operations in the rear in- • Minimize enemy interference in support opera-
clude efforts to secure and support the force, neutralize tions.
or defeat enemy operations in the rear, and ensure • Ensure freedom of movement of friendly troops
freedom of action in deep and close battles.
throughout the BSA. This involves control of dis-
The brigade commander is responsible for plans and located civilians which is coordinated with the
operations throughout the brigade area of operations. brigade S5 through the brigade headquarters.
He assigns tasks to subordinate and supporting com- • Defeat Level I threats and respond appropriately
manders to accomplish all brigade missions. The to Level II and III threats as discussed in this
brigade S3 includes detailed planning for the entire rear chapter.
area. This type of planning is part of operational plan-
ning for offensive and defensive missions, • Provide and coordinate area damage control.
The support battalion commander is responsible for The support battalion coordinates with the deputy
BSA security and terrain management. His goals in this commander or brigade S3. This coordination ensures
area include the following: the BSA security plan is integrated into the plan for the
entire rear area.
• Secure the BSA and facilities.

COMMAND AND CONTROL

The support battalion commander is responsible and CSS. The rear CP contacts the main command
for BSA security. As such he has command and con- post to confirm the operational aspects of the coor-
trol of all elements in the BSA for defense and dination.
positioning. Normally, the BSA is a base cluster with The S2/S3 section of the support battalion CP is the
the support battalion commander as the base cluster base cluster operation center. The support battalion
commander. The major elements in the BSA become CP and the brigade rear CP collocate within the BSA
unit bases. The senior individual in each base is the defensive perimeter. Alternate BCOCs are also desig-
base commander. The support battalion SOP covers nated. Possibilities include the support battalion
as many defense procedures as possible. Each base company CPs and maneuver battalion field trains. In
has specific responsibilities in the OPORD. urban terrain, the support battalion S2/S3 may have
All ground units entering the brigade area report to to establish subordinate base clusters and BCOCs
the brigade rear CP and the support battalion CP. They within the BSA. One of these BCOCs is the alternate
receive information for routes, terrain, communications, BCOC for the whole BSA.
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FM 63-1

Each base sends a representative to the BCOC provides intelligence updates, reporting requirements,
staff meetings. In addition, the BCOC issues a situation and impending BSA movement orders.
report on a regular basis, twice daily if possible. The report

SECURITY
Security operations enable the support battalion to readily recognizable signals that are easy to initiate. For
perform its foremost function – support the force. Each example, the warning for an NBC attack could be a
unit in the BSA provides its own local security and assists metal-on-metal signal. This signal is relayed quickly by
in the security of the BSA. The support battalion com- voice, hand and arm movements, or horn blasts.
mander ensures that his units are proficient and trained Detailed information and instructions follow by radio,
in basic tactical skills. wire, or messenger. The all-clear signal is only passed
ORGANIZATION FOR SECURITY via command channels.
The base cluster operations center provides the com- INTELLIGENCE
mand and control to plan, coordinate, and supervise Like all other Army forces, the support battalion
base cluster operations. It interfaces with the rear CP on performs IPB. The support battalion interest is two-
terrain management, movements requirements, and fold. First, the support battalion knows the importance
security operations. The BCOC positions units assigned of valuable information in support planning. Second,
to the cluster into bases and designates the base com- commanders are responsible for the security of their
manders. Factors in the BSA layout discussion in this units. Intelligence information is also essential for bat-
chapter apply here. In addition, the support battalion tlefield deception operations. Essentials of IPB are briefly
commander ensures units selected for collocation com- discussed. Detailed information on IPB is in FM 34-130.
plement each other. A viable base requires a mix of Terrain
weapon systems and adequate planning. It also requires
supervisory personnel and varied communications as- The support battalion and subordinate commanders
sets. know what possibilities the terrain offers to both friendly
COMMUNICATIONS and enemy forces. This analysis is vital to support bat-
talion units in view of the limited weapons available and
Communications for security are conducted by wire, numerous personnel and equipment in the area. The
radio, signals, and personal contact. The primary means support battalion commander relies heavily on the
is wire. Each base is linked to the BCOC by wire. The brigade rear CP for passing information on terrain
BCOC operates a switchboard 24 hours a day. Respon- analysis from the brigade main CP.
sibilities for the laying of wire from companies to the The support battalion S2 personnel use OCOKA to
BCOC are not necessarily based on the doctrine of
higher to lower. Planning for wire nets takes into con- analyze terrain. OCOKA refers to observation and field
sideration the unit’s capability to perform this mission of fire, concealment and cover, obstacles, key terrain,
and the work load is delegated accordingly. and avenue of approach.
Radios, ground and air observers’ vision, and air
Ideally, the support battalion also operates a separate defense target acquisition require line of sight. Brigade
rear operations radio net. However, availability of direct fire weapons fields of fire also require LOS.
radios may not permit this. Therefore, if wire com-
munications are lost, units monitor the support battalion Concealment is protection from air and ground ob-
command/operations net. If communications by these servation. Cover is protection from effects of fire. In
means are lost, the tenant activities are responsible for built-up areas, brigade elements are likely to occupy
sending a messenger to the BCOC to provide coordina- buildings to maximize cover and concealment. Buildings
tion. significantly reduce heat signature. However, planners
In addition, units in the BSA cannot rely on wire also consider soundness of buildings and the surround-
and FM communications to relay alert status. Too much ing road net for support and security operations.
time passes before every soldier receives the message. Obstacles are natural and man-made features that stop,
The support battalion commander specifies in an SOP impede, or divert movement. To ensure freedom of movement

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 FM 63-1

for friendly forces in the rear, support battalion planners security. Poor visibility hinders control and reduces
know all existing obstacles and the effects of removing, effectiveness of reconnaissance, surveillance, and target
overcoming or bypassing them. Weather effects on traf- acquisition.
ficability also act as obstacles. Threat Evaluation and Integration
Any feature providing a tactical advantage is key ter- Detailed information on the threat is in FMs 100-2-1,
rain. Whether a particular feature is key or not varies with 100-2-2, and 100-2-3. Threat evaluation is a detailed
the tactical situation. However, commanders consider the study of the enemy forces. It considers threat organiza-
following as possible key terrain: bridges, fording sites, tion, tactical doctrine, equipment, and support systems.
high ground choke points, and road junctions. The support battalion interest for security purposes is
Avenues of approach are ground and air routes by in rear area threat evaluation. In coordination with the
which a force may reach an objective or key feature. brigade rear CP, the support battalion S2/S3 prepares
Considerations for avenues of approach in the area are a doctrinal template to reflect the enemy’s air assault,
their capabilities to support movement and to allow rapid airborne, operational maneuver group, and special
enemy movement into the rear. purpose force employment doctrine. An unconvention-
Weather al warfare situation map and population status overlay
depict other rear area threats such as insurgents, guer-
Weather affects mobility and the functioning of virtually rillas, terrorists, agents, and potential civil unrest. The
all items of equipment, as well as the performance of situation map shows probable operating areas, head-
personnel. Planners consider terrain and weather concur- quarters, encampments, and movement routes for
rently. Again, support battalion planners depend on the unconventional forces. The rear area population status
brigade rear CP to pass weather analysis information from overlay shows areas with a high potential for civil unrest
the brigade weather section. The five aspects of weather or concentrations of enemy sympathizers. The overlay
affecting planning are temperature and humidity, also shows the locations where psychological opera-
precipitation, wind, clouds, and visibility. tions are effective.
Very high temperatures cause heat injuries and in- The support battalion passes any information it has
creased engine wear and failure. Very low temperatures on the threat to the brigade rear CP to assist in its evalua-
increase cold weather injuries, damage to engines and tion. Sources of information include local authorities,
cooling systems, lubrication problems, and fuel require- local civilians, and displaced civilians. The support bat-
ments. Cooler temperatures and humidity cause fog. talion uses information from base commanders within
Precipitation affects mobility, visibility, and effective- the BSA, MPs, truck drivers, customers, and any other
ness of personnel and equipment. It also affects the quality elements moving into the area. Intelligence analysts in-
of some stored material. Snow, even in small amounts, tegrate the threat evaluation with weather and terrain
reduces the effectiveness of mines. Support battalion plan- factors to determine how the threat is likely to operate
ners consider precipitation of more than 0.1 inch per hour in the rear area and pass relevant information to the
or 2 inches in 12 hours critical. Six inches of snow ac- support battalion.
cumulation or drifts higher than 2 feet have severe effects The support battalion commander uses this informa-
on mobility. tion to identify specific areas of interest. These may
Wind usually favors the upwind force by blowing include—
dust, smoke, sand, rain, or snow on the downwind force. • Landing and drop zones.
It affects employment of NBC munitions, smoke, and con- • Key road junctions.
ventional weapons.
• Forest paths.
Clouds affect air operations. This includes logistics • Small groups of individuals attempting to move
air missions, and also our own close air support, as well
as the enemy’s ability to conduct airborne or air assault through or evade detection in the BSA.
operations. • Guerrilla and insurgency sites.
Though poor visibility limits employment of air- • Terrorist operating areas.
borne forces, agents and special purpose force operations Detailed information on IPB is in FM 34-10.
often rely on it to reduce the effectiveness of rear area
5-3
FM 63-1

BSA LAYOUT
A number of factors determine the elements located • Class VIII point.
in the BSA. The support battalion commander and staff • Smoke platoon.
coordinate with the brigade S4 to determine who is in • Decontamination platoon.
the BSA. The BSA is that portion of the brigade rear
area occupied by the support battalion CP and organic, • Reconnaissance squad.
attached, or supporting units. The location of the BSA • Military police platoon (-).
and the support battalion is contingent on the tactical • EPW collection point.
situation and the location of the COSCOM CSS instal- • Military intelligence company (-).
lations. The location is also contingent on the MSR,
terrain in the AO, and security considerations. The • ADA battery (-). (ACR only)
brigade S3 approves the location of the BSA with advice • Engineer company (-).
from the S4 and support battalion commander. • Field artillery battalion field trains. (HSB and
The BSA is made up of a combination of small logis- SIB/TDB)
tics points and unit bases. The BSA may not be one large • Maneuver battalion task force/cavalry squadron
contiguous area. It could be several smaller areas inter- trains.
spersed across the rear. During tactical operations, the • ACR aviation elements.
BSA is under the tactical control of the support battalion • Signal team.
commander.
In the ACR, the RSS commander locates the RSA in In addition to these brigade units, the BSA includes
the security area or in the regimental rear area. He may a number of COSCOM elements operating in support
also locate the RSA in a brigade rear area or in a division of the brigade. These COSCOM elements may include
area based on METT-T. In any case, the commander maintenance teams, CEB teams, air or ground medical
locates the RSA approximately 25 kilometers behind the evacuation elements, or engineer units. Information on
FLOT. This distance is beyond the range of threat can- these are available on the brigade OPORDs. Figure 5-1
non artillery. The RSA is under the tactical control of shows a sample layout of the BSA/RSA.
the support squadron commander. Some of the BSA tenants are always located in the
The list below is a representative example of brigade BSA. Examples of these tenants are the brigade rear CP
elements that could be expected to locate in the BSA: and the support battalion company headquarters.
Others move in and out of the BSA depending on
• Support battalion CP. METT-T. The maneuver battalion task force field trains
• Brigade rear CP. are not always located in the BSA. In some cases, trains
• S&T company CP. are not echeloned. In other cases, field trains locate
• Class I point. closer to the battalion troops than to the support bat-
talion elements. In such cases, it is not feasible to
• Water point. integrate them into the BSA security plan. At other
• Class III point. times, terrain features make such integration impracti-
• Class II, III (packaged) IV and VII point. cal. In short, although the field trains normally locate in
• Ammunition transfer point. the BSA, they are not there when support or tactical
considerations make another location more favorable.
• Salvage collection point,
In all cases, the composition of BSA elements does
• Mortuary affairs collection point. not remain static. The support battalion tracks and con-
• Maintenance company CP. trols changes. To accomplish this, all ground units
• Maintenance shops. entering the brigade area send a representative to report
• Class IX point. to the brigade rear CP and support battalion CP. Together,
they coordinate movement routes and positioning for units
• Medical company CP. locating in the BSA. They also coordinate communica-
• Medical clearing station. tions, support requirements and procedures, and security
responsibilities and arrangements. Guards at points of
5-4
FM 63-1

entry into the BSA direct representatives of entering • Keep Class III points away from other supplies to
units to the rear CP/support battalion CP location. Also, prevent contamination. They should also be lo-
base commanders notify the BCOC of all LOGPAC cated at least 100 feet from water sources.
arrivals and departures. Movement of displaced • Locate the ATP at least 180 meters from other
civilians and local civilians is also controlled. supplies and 620 meters from the nearest inhabited
Changes are also constantly taking place within the tent.
elements. MSTs in the UMCPs vary in composition. Medi- • Position mortuary affairs and salvage points near
cal evacuation elements constantly move in and out of the the MSR possibly near the ATP to maximize back-
BSA. Supply elements continue their resupply efforts. haul missions of vehicles used for ammunition
Personnel available for defense actions are extremely supply.
limited within certain bases. Base commanders keep the • Locate the Class I point near the water point when-
BCOC informed of their situations. ever water sources allow.
Locations of elements within the BSA vary depending • Locate the clearing station away from likely target
on METT-T. The support battalion commander, in coor- areas (ATP Class III point, bridges, road junc-
dination with the brigade S3 and S4, determines the new tions) but near evacuation routes and an open area
locations. They also order the movement of support bat- for landing air ambulances.
talion elements in the BSA. Some general guidelines they • Ensure maintenance shops, along with parking and
consider include — equipment holding sites are on firm ground.
Position the brigade rear CP/support battalion CP • Position the ATP adjacent to the maintenance
near the center of the BSA for C2 and security company site to allow the maintenance company,
reasons. which has the most self-defense assets in the sup-
Position field trains forward in the BSA near routes port battalion, to provide protection for the
between supply points and combat trains. austerely staffed ATP.
Ensure field trains and other bases locate their CPs • Position the ATP near the rear of the BSA and near
near the rear of their bases, closer to the BCOC, to but off the MSR. Then large numbers of corps
enhance communications and protection of C2 trailers bringing ammunition into the area do not
facilities. clog up the MSR within the BSA. The ATP re-
Balance the advantages of dispersion (reduced quires sufficient area to perform transload opera-
destruction from a single enemy strike) with the tions without interfering with BSA traffic.
disadvantages (C3 constraints and extended • Position units with heaviest firepower, such as the
perimeter). In general, the BSA occupies an area 4 maintenance company, along the most threatening
to 7 kilometers in diameter, though METT-T may avenues of approach,
dictate otherwise. • Ensure the limited defensive capabilities (M-16/9mm
Make supply points accessible to both customers only) of the medical unit is considered in its place-
and resupply vehicles and helicopters. ment within bases or base clusters.

BCOC OPERATIONS
The support battalion commander integrates the approach a smaller sector. He also ensures each base’s
base defense plans into abase cluster defense plan. This sector of fire overlaps the adjacent base’s sector. He
requires development of a rear operations communica- does this by checking sector sketches provided by bases.
tions system and coordination with field artillery, When interlocking fires are not possible between
engineer, ADA, and MP elements and RAS elements of bases, he plans other defensive measures. He covers
the ACR. gaps by planning for fires, obstacles, patrols, OPs, and
As a base cluster commander, the support battalion sensors. He coordinates this planning carefully with
commander assigns a defensive position and a sector to each base to avoid troops engaging friendly forces.
each base. He gives bases on likely avenues of enemy The commander uses HSS personnel only on
perimeter defense of their assigned medical facility.
5-6
 FM 63-1

HSS personnel do not provide perimeter defense of base cluster commander requires in such situations
nonmedical units. include manning OPs fully and increasing guards. The
Development of the defense plan requires that the base cluster commander requires spot-checking vehicles
BCOC knows who is in the BSA, what weapons and and tightening base security. He also alerts defensive
night vision devices it has, and what its ammunition perimeter personnel and increases protection of key
status is. The fire support plan is fully coordinated to facilities.
ensure that required support is available. The plan Level II threats are those beyond base or base cluster
integrates mortars of units in reserve as well as avail- self-defense capabilities. Response forces can defeat
able helicopters. Level II threats. They normally involve –
The BCOC keeps a sketch of the defensive plan. It • Diversionary and sabotage operations by uncon-
shows base sectors of fire, locations of mines and ventional forces.
obstacles, planned indirect fire coverage, OPS, patrol • Raid, ambush, and reconnaissance operations by
routes, and positions of automatic and antiarmor small combat units.
weapons. These weapons include those in the BSA for • Special or unconventional wartime missions.
repair. If the firing system is operable, the defense
scheme includes these weapons, and mechanics work The base cluster commander likely requires strictly
on them in their fighting positions. Whenever pos- controlled access to all areas, reinforcement of the
sible, units occupy the same location within the BSA perimeter defenses, preparation for withdrawal from
relative to other units every time the BSA moves. They OPs, and the alerting of the reaction force.
build a habitual relationship with the units on all sides A tactical combat force is required to defeat a Level
of them. This expedites coordination of sectors of fire. III threat. Level III threats normally involve –
Since night vision devices are likely to be scarce, the
overall security plan includes an illumination plan. • Heliborne operations.
Details on sector defense planning are in FM 19-4. • Airborne operations.
The base cluster commander plans for a reaction • Amphibious operations.
force from assets in the cluster. He calls this force when • Penetration by enemy forces from the main battle
a base’s defenses cannot defeat the threat and combat area.
forces are not immediately available. As a minimum, • Ground force deliberate operations (for example,
the reaction force consists of personnel, vehicles, operational maneuver groups with linkup of
machine guns, grenade launchers, rifles, and FM smaller airborne and assault units).
radios. It is well rehearsed and reacts precisely and
immediately. It plans and practices rally point opera- • Infiltration operations.
tions and other detailed procedures in advance, such Artillery or air strikes normally precede such enemy
as lanes of movement to various points on the operations. The base cluster commander withdraws
perimeter. The support battalion commander submits OPs and commits reaction forces. He also notifies the
copies of the base cluster defense plan to the brigade brigade S2/S3 and ceases support operations.
S3. He also proposes obstacles and indirect fire sup- The BCOC determines the level of threat and issues
port plans to the brigade S3 for review and approval. prearranged alerts to all bases. The BCOC also deter-
The BCOC ensures that all base commanders un- mines the probability of an air attack and issues air
derstand the different threat levels and the associated defense warnings.
actions. The brigade staff is also aware the support The BCOC develops save plan procedures in ad-
battalion is neither staffed nor equipped to continue vance. If the support battalion is under imminent
support operations at normal levels while responding to danger from a Level II or III threat, the BCOC calls for
increased levels of threat. Support is degraded. How a save plan of key BSA assets. The BCOC identifies key
much it is degraded depends on the level of the threat. elements in advance. It prepares to move to a predesig-
Level I threats are defeated by base or base cluster nated site with minimum notice. Key elements likely
self-defense measures. They normally involve the activities include C2, ATP, Class III, emergency medical treat-
of agents, saboteurs, and terrorists. Typical actions the ment, and austere maintenance elements. Personnel

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 FM 63-1

perform emergency destruction of equipment and sup- The BCOC also identifies primary and secondary entry
plies (excluding Class VIII) to avoid enemy capture. points into the BSA. It designates preplanned landing
Priority items for destruction include COMSEC items, zones for brigade reaction forces to use when required.
fuel ammunition, vehicles, communications equipment, The BCOC conducts regular (preferably daily) meetings
and weapons. with base representatives to update the defensive plan.

BASE OPERATIONS
The base cluster commander organizes elements in • Identifying target reference points to direct fire
the BSA into bases for self-defense. Normally, each against approaching ground or air enemy forces.
company and field trains in the BSA constitutes a base. • Deploying all weapon-carrying vehicles on the
The base cluster commander organizes miscellaneous base perimeter. This includes vehicles in the BSA
small teams into bases. The base commander prepares for repair.
the base defense plan and coordinates with the base
cluster commander. The base commander trains all • Ensuring vehicles are properly positioned, Natural
personnel in basic defensive techniques to establish a cover and concealment are used as much as pos-
viable perimeter. The base commander develops a reac- sible.
tion force for internal security and reinforcement of the • Setting up OPs and LPs. OPs provide a good view
base. Each base defends itself against a Level I threat of the sector, which ideally overlaps with the ad-
and delays a Level II threat until a reaction force arrives. jacent OP sectors. Both the OPs and routes to
The base may face a Level III threat. If so, it takes action them provide cover and concealment. They are
to prevent critical supplies and equipment from falling not in positions that attract attention (such as
into enemy hands. It also defends itself as long as pos- isolated groups of trees) or on the very peaks of
sible and avoids capture. hills where positions are silhouetted. Further
guidance on OPs is in FMs 19-4 and 17-98.
Base commanders are responsible for the following:
• Establishing patrols.
Coordinating with bases on each side to plan • Enforcing noise and light discipline.
mutually supporting fires and to avoid troops en-
gaging each other. If a problem exists, the base • Ensuring camouflage is used properly. Guidance
commander notifies the base cluster commander. is in FM 5-20.
Ensuring each individual is assigned a fighting • Planning and establishing hasty obstacles.
position. As much as possible, positions provide • Ensuring soldiers know alert signals and proper
overhead cover. Positions also allow for interlock- responses to artillery and air attacks.
ing sectors of fire. SUPPLY POINT BASES
Ensuring proper individual fighting positions are
prepared. Soldiers use all available cover. Posi- Whenever possible, natural berms, deep-cut protective
tions provide frontal protection from direct fire positions, natural terrain concealment, and camouflage
while allowing fire to the front and oblique. Protec- nets protect fuel tanks. Personnel protect Class I, II, and
tion from indirect fire requires a depression or IV items in deep-cut trenches if time allows. Construction
hole at least 1 1/2 feet thick with overhead cover. of trenches for these items is a low priority. Traffic control
Details on fighting positions are in FM 5-103. includes measures to conceal movement at, to, and from
supply points. At water points, personnel control spills to
Deploying crew-served weapons in fighting posi- avoid standing pools of water which reflect light.
tions with primary and secondary sectors of fire.
Instructions for preparing positions for each type MAINTENANCE FACILITY BASES
of crew-served weapon are also in FM 5-103. Base In the base shop area, personnel prepare individual
commanders submit a sector sketch to the base positions near billeting areas and on the periphery of work
cluster commander. The sector sketch details the stations. They construct simple cut-and-cover or other
location and range of all crew-served weapons expedient shelters next to key shop facilities for quick protec-
and M203s. tion from artillery and air attacks. Whenever possible, they

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 FM 63-1

integrate weapon systems on vehicles in the BSA shop require such action causes the loss of protected status.
for repair in the base defense plan. See FM 8-10 for additional information.
CLEARING STATION TRANSPORTATION PLATOON BASE
Medical personnel require shelters with adequate The elements of rear operations that have the most
overhead cover so treatment can continue during impact on transportation units are the assembly and move-
hostilities. While a direct attack on HSS assets is not ment of reserves and the relocation of units. Deployment
likely, the commander cannot rule out this action. routes offer concealment from observation. Supply per-
More realistically, enemy actions, disrupt HSS opera- sonnel disperse supply storage areas and move them
tions by interdicting evacuation routes, destroying frequently. Strict traffic regulation and control are essen-
bridges, and sabotaging supplies. Also, the enemy tial.
may damage or destroy HSS units and other assets Dispersion of vehicles is also essential. There is enough
because of their proximity to other rear area facilities dispersion between vehicles and facilities to offer protec-
targeted for destruction. Dispersion of HSS assets, tion against loss resulting from hostile ground action
within the limits of the tactical situation, becomes a including mortar and artillery fire and against hostile air
vital consideration. In the event of an attack, HSS per- attack. When authorized personnel construct roadblocks
sonnel dispatch treatment and evacuation assets to the and place antivehicular and antitank mines on likely
damaged area. avenues of approach. They camouflage trucks and facilities
Defense plans do not require medical units to fire with natural vegetation or lightweight screening systems.
on enemy troops unless it is the result of direct attack Personnel conceal vehicle tracks going into the area and
upon medical units. Medical units do not fire to support make vehicle tracks going into unoccupied areas to deceive
adjacent units unless the enemy directly threatens the enemy. As transportation commitments increase, the
medical units. Under the provisions of the Geneva personnel to man the perimeter decrease. A good can-
Convention, medical unit personnel do not man the didate for the transportation company reaction force is the
perimeter defense of nonmedical units. These non- maintenance section. They habitually work together and
medical units include unit trains or logistics areas. To typically remain in the base.

TRAINING
Training in defense principles and techniques is criti- • Marksmanship, especially night firing, and the
cal to the survival of BSA elements. Training includes use preparation of range cards.
of organic weapons, communications procedures and • LP and OP operations with emphasis on security,
emplacement and monitoring of ground sensors. Training sound and light discipline, and reporting procedures.
also includes preparation of defensive positions, fire sup- • Emplacement and maintenance of special observa-
port coordination and NBC defense measures.
tion and detection devices such as sensors, flares, and
INDIVIDUAL TRAINING remotely employed sensors.
All personnel have a part in base defense operations. • Cross-training in all communications equipment
They likely require refresher training in the following available in the unit.
areas: • Obstacle construction and mine and booby trap
• Preparation of individual fighting positions. employment.
• Camouflage, cover, and concealment. • Use of rally points.
• Patrolling and operating roadblocks and check- • Use of individual and crew-served weapons in an
points. air defense role.
• Limited visibility operations. • OPSEC.
• Cross-training on individual and crew-served • Identification of threat vehicles and equipment.
weapons and supporting equipment available in the • Spot reports using SALUTE format.
unit . • Fire support requests, coordination, and adjustment.

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FM 63-1

Target engagement and designation techniques, training. The support battalion also asks the MI com-
Identification, marking, and neutralization of mine pany for OPSEC training.
fields. Rehearsals include manning of defensive positions,
UNIT TRAINING commitment of reaction forces, and coordination of
supporting fires. Rehearsals also include coordination
Unit training focuses on rehearsal of base defense with adjacent bases and integration of external support
plans and continuation of the support mission under by MPs and the tactical combat force. BDOC and
limited attack. It also focuses on full occupation of BCOC exercises also train leaders to exercise fire sup-
defensive positions. Rehearsals are crucial. Training port coordination and to test communications. They
center experience shows that units which rehearse train leaders to exercise required coordination among
defense plans greatly increase their ability to survive bases, base clusters, and the brigade rear CP. Trainers
BSA attacks. The support battalion asks the brigade conduct rehearsals during day and night and in various
headquarters for support from combat units for tactical weather conditions.

AREA DAMAGE CONTROL

Effective planning, setting of specific responsibilities, to minimize damage; when practical, use existing
and use of all available assets to conduct ADC are structures.
necessary to restore operations and provide continuous • Establish priorities within the area of operations.
support. Planners in the brigade S4 section and support Identify those critical facilities requiring protec-
battalion ensure logistics and HSS are available to sup- tion and logically prioritize the responsibilities
port the brigade. When ADC assets are available, the based on the commander’s directives. Report criti-
support battalion/brigade rear CP provides each base cal facilities not provided necessary ADC support
with external support necessary to overcome an attack immediately.
and return to its primary mission. • Prepare, coordinate, and rehearse ADC plans and
Effective damage control is decentralized and ex- SOPs.
ecuted at the lowest level. BSA base commanders review • Organize, equip, and train personnel and units for
and identify all assets available within the base. They ADC operations.
also assess the base’s capability to conduct ADC opera-
tions. Assets include medical evacuation and treatment • Designate alternate operational sites or alert
elements. Assets also include equipment evacuation areas. Report facilities or supply points that are
and repair, critical supply, and EOD assets. BSA base sole source facilities.
commanders and the support battalion commander Bases in the BSA complete the following tasks during
identify critical support points. They include points that and after an incident.
are the sole local sources of supplies. They examine Conduct an immediate assessment of the damage
innovative ideas and initiatives to minimize damage. and report to the BCOC. Simultaneously, initiate
They coordinate with host-nation assets, MPs, and actions to isolate the danger areas and to prevent
engineer units through the brigade rear CP. The com- extension or continuation of the damage. (Fighting
manders include ADC plans in the BDOC and BCOC fires, stopping gas leaks, and minimizing flooding
defense plans. The support battalion S2/S3 helps the are examples.)
brigade rear CP identify emergency food, clothing, water,
and fuel sources, and available distribution assets. Where feasible, prevent fires by bunkering and
isolating flammables and explosives. Fight existing
In accordance with the ADC guidelines, bases in the fires with stored water or identified water sources.
BSA complete the following tasks before an incident Extensive fire-fighting is primarily a unit respon-
occurs: sibility with support from engineer fire-fighter
• Designate specific individuals and units to perform teams where available. However, due to the extended
ADC operations. distances involved and the current technology that
• Attempt to disperse and harden units and facilities produces widespread devastation, alternate means

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 FM 63-1

may have to be used. Local fire-fighting capabilities of blocked routes and divert traffic as necessary.
such as HNS or the acquisition of commercial The MPs also provide refugee control, straggler
material to support ad hoc fire-fighting teams may control, and some local security when required.
be necessary. • Coordinate with the engineers to support critical
• Perform self-, buddy-, and first aid for casualties, facilities. Engineers construct fortifications and
and transport casualties. If possible, medical per- barriers and clear debris and rubble in support of
sonnel and vehicles evacuate patients. However, the base ADC mission.
the timely transportation of casualties is important. • Coordinate EOD support to area damage control
The situation may require the use of nonmedical operations with the EODCT. One EODCG with
vehicles for mass casualties. If possible, medical four subordinate EOD detachments is allocated to
personnel accompany those patients being each separately deployed brigade.
transported in nonmedical vehicles to provide en • Coordinate for decontamination support. The
route patient care. contaminated units evacuate along specific routes
• Coordinate with the MPs to provide traffic control. (not the MSR) assigned by the MCO to the ap-
This ensures fire-fighting equipment gains access pointed decontamination sites. The MPs provide
to the area and ambulances and evacuation vehicles route control.
clear the area. MPs notify the brigade command post

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 FM 63-1

Chapter 6
BSA Movement
Contents
Page
PRINCIPLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . .. 6-1
PLANS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-1
CONDUCT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-2
CONVOY TECHNIQUES . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4
CONVOY DEFENSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-5
EMERGENCY MOVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-5

PRINCIPLES
The brigade commander moves support battalion close to supported units, but does make short moves for
units to provide responsive support to the brigade and security reasons. He weighs the benefit of shorter sup-
to provide security for support battalion units. Units port distances against the cost of disrupted support
make forward moves during an offensive operation and operations.
rearward moves during a retrograde. They move to The support battalion S2/S3 develops the movement
maintain appropriate distances from the FLOT and annex to the OPLAN/OPORD in accordance with the
from supported units. Support battalion elements that brigade OPLAN/OPORD, FM 101-5 and the tactical
stay in place for long periods of time do so at great risk. SOP. The XO approves the annex. The support battalion
Movement is a key component of support battalion commander ensures that a BSA move is coordinated
security. with all supported elements, subordinate elements, and
BSA units prepare to move every 24 hours, if re- the brigade headquarters. All supported elements are
quired. The support battalion commander does the aware of when support operations cease at an old BSA.
actual determination when to move. He does so in close They are also aware of where the new site is located and
coordination with the brigade commander. The support when operations begin there. Supported units recognize
battalion commander does not move just for the sake of that support operations are degraded while elements
moving. The brigade commander understands that sup- move. To minimize support disruption, however, sup-
port operations are disrupted by moves. Only security port battalion elements move in echelons. Operations at
considerations and maintenance of proximity to support the new site begin before the old site is completely
units justifies this disruption. The commander avoids closed out.
short moves (about 5 kilometers or less) just to stay

PLANS
All BSA elements have sufficient organic assets to move When the BSA moves, the support battalion S2/S3
their personnel and equipment in one lift. However, selects the type of motor march used in coordination with
downloaded supplies at supply points and disabled equip- the brigade rear CP. A close column is one in which
ment at maintenance sites may cause mobility problems. elements are formed as compactly as possible. Usually,
Personnel evacuate disabled equipment or repair it before there are 67 vehicles per kilometer. This reduces time and
the move. In the offense, an alternative is to leave it (after allows better control with fewer guides, escorts, and
proper coordination is effected) for advancing main- markers. However, a close column is easier to detect,
tenance elements to repair. The support battalion causes traffic congestion, and makes quick dispersion dif-
elements keep supplies uploaded as much as possible. For ficult. To overcome these disadvantages, the BSA move
all transportation requirements beyond the support may use an open column with more widely spaced ele-
battalion’s capability, the transportation officer requests ments. There are usually up to 20 vehicles per kilometer.
additional support from the supporting MCT. However, this technique makes control more difficult.

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FM 63-1

The third type of march is infiltration. With this type, the • Halt procedures.
commander dispatches vehicles individually, in small • Location of HSS.
groups, or at irregular intervals for maximum security. • Location and identification of destination.
Usually 10 or less vehicles are dispatched per hour. This
type takes more time and is harder to control. However, • Ambush reaction procedures
it is also the best way to move when the enemy has air • Time schedules.
superiority. • Arm and hand signals.
The support battalion S2/S3 coordinates with the • Radio frequencies and call signs for control per-
brigade rear CP. They determine just where the BSA sonnel, security force commander, fire support
elements fall in with the brigade rear CP elements. Each elements, reserve security elements, and medical
major subordinate element commander in the BSA acts evacuation support.
as a march column commander. Each march com- For convoy control, the support battalion S2/S3 es-
mander in turn organizes his march column according tablishes a convoy command net. This net includes the
to certain guidelines which state – convoy commander, security force commander, and
• Each march column is a mixture of various ele- march commanders. It also includes serial commanders,
ments in the support battalion. recovery vehicles, and the trail party commander.
• Slower, heavier vehicles are assigned positions in A complete BSA movement SOP makes planning
front. quicker. Appendix L of FM 55-30 includes a sample
• Recovery vehicles are placed in the rear. SOP. Items in the SOP include –
• Gun vehicles are normally placed near the front • Duties of the convoy commander and control per-
and near the rear. sonnel.
• All air approaches are covered. • Convoy organization.
Each march commander is responsible for providing • Weapons and ammunition to be carried.
strip maps to all drivers and briefing all convoy personnel • Hardening of vehicles and protective equipment
on the – for personnel.
• Convoy chain of command. • Preparation of vehicles.
• Convoy route. • Counterambush techniques.
• Rate of march. • OPSEC measures.
• Vehicle intervals. • Procedures for halts.
• Accident and breakdown procedures. • Maintenance and recovery procedures.
• Immediate action security procedures. • Actions at release points.
• Blackout condition procedures

CONDUCT
A move is usually initiated by a FRAGO issued by The brigade headquarters normally prescribes the
the brigade headquarters. The support battalion S2/S3 route. The support battalion S2/S3 uses a map recon-
issues a warning order to all BSA units. Each unit naissance in such cases to confirm checkpoints. He
reports its vehicle, supply, and maintenance work load also identifies problem areas and begins planning
status to the support battalion S2/S3 and brigade rear positioning of elements in the new BSA. If the route
CP. They use the information to finalize the convoy is not prescribed, the support battalion S2/S3 ac-
organization, compute additional transportation re- tivates a reconnaissance team. He briefs the team on
quirements, and perform required march computations the displacement plan. He provides it with a strip
(Appendix F, FM 55-30). They ensure load plans are map. He also designates the MOPP level for the
changed to accommodate current operational status. reconnaissance party to wear. The party monitors
all radiological and chemical detection devices. It
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 FM 63-1

performs duties to – • Code words for key actions such as completion of

• Verify map information. security sweep or NBC survey.
• Note capabilities of bridges. • Responsibilities for alternate leaders in case the
officer in charge cannot perform the mission.
• List significant terrain features and possible am-
bush sites. • Alternate procedures to be used if communica-
tions fail.
• Compute travel times and distances.
• Perform the route and ground reconnaissance of Whenever possible, the quartering party conducts a
new site. walk-through rehearsal of the steps it takes during the
move and occupation of the new BSA.
When they receive the warning order, BSA units The quartering party has enough assets to –
begin to break down tentage, heaters, and sleeping
areas. They load equipment according to the individual Conduct a security sweep of the new site to ensure
unit loading plans. They also begin taking up wire and the area is free of enemy forces.
policing the area. The medical company increases Establish communications with parent and higher
evacuation to reduce the patients in the holding area headquarters and notify the CP of the results of the
requiring movement. Maintenance companies also in- sweep.
crease evacuation if possible. Customers top off Class I, Establish a jump CP.
III,V, and IX levels before supply points close out. All
units begin uploading supplies and equipment as much Select locations for unit vehicles, work sites, and
as possible. tentage.
The support battalion commander forms a quarter- Select individual and crew-served weapon fighting
ing party to facilitate the move. Whenever possible, the positions.
core of the quartering party is designated in the SOP and Establish land-line communications among the
simply adjusted to account for the units that are in the BCOC, unit CPs, dismount points, LPs and OPs,
BSA at the time. The party is a group of unit repre- and other critical sites.
sentatives sent to the new BSA to secure, reconnoiter, Position personnel to guide arriving units of the
and organize the area before the arrival of the main main body from the RF to preselected locations.
body. It includes representatives from each unit and Position chemical alarms.
sub element in the BSA. Ensure personnel follow dispersion and other
The quartering party leader is a part of the S2/S3 countersurveillance measures.
planning team. The S2/S3 provides him with an overlay
that shows the planned locations and orientations of all Representatives of units in the BSA reconnoiter their
the BSA units. It also shows major obstacles and passage unit sites and begin preparations for occupancy. They
points into and out of the BSA. The leader distributes notify the jump CP of problems with the new positions.
this information to quartering party members. The jump CP reports to the support battalion S2/S3
when it is prepared to begin operations. It also relays
The leader also issues a warning order to all party any information the commander needs to change move-
members that tells them when and where the quartering ment plans.
party briefing will be and what their roles will be. The The main body begins the move in accordance with
briefing should cover the following:
the OPORD or FRAGO issued by the support battalion
The quartering party mission. CP. The support battalion CP plans the serials to move
The start point and time to arrive there. by echelon. Planners never include an entire support
Traffic control point locations and responsibilities. battalion company in a single serial. Otherwise loss of a
This includes identification of the soldier respon- serial eliminates all of the capability in a functional area.
sible for placing each point. In addition, if the whole company is moving at the same
time, continuity of support is not achieved. However,
The release point and when guides from each unit planners do not fragment individual elements too much
should be there to meet their units. due to austerity of communication assets. The first serial
Security halt procedures. or serials include elements of critical support points.

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FM 63-1

These consist of– • Clear fields of fire and prepare range cards.
• Class III, V, and IX elements. • Emplace wire, mines, and other obstacles, and
• Maintenance elements to set up a new MCP. cover them by fire.
• Medical treatment assets to provide EMT and • Select and prepare alternate and supplementary
ATM at the new site. positions.
• Finalize base defense plan depicting base layout,
Typically, field trains are likely to move next. The sectors, fields of fire of crew-served weapons,
remaining elements of the support battalion cease obstacles, and fire support plans.
operations not already stopped. They upload the
rest of their materiel and disconnect and pick up the • Implement reconnaissance and surveillance plan.
rest of their wire. They break down their camouflage • Emplace sensors and early-warning devices.
and move out with permission of the CP. The support • Prepare protective positions adjacent to work
battalion CP and the brigade rear CP transfer con- areas.
trol to the jump CP. Then they break down their • Prepare and rehearse reaction force.
equipment and move out.
• Submit base defense, obstacle, and proposed fire
The trail party closes out any remaining operation. support plan to BCOC.
The party ensures the old site is clear of evidence of • Coordinate with adjacent bases.
intelligence value to the enemy. Then it moves to the
new site. This party includes maintenance elements • Plan deceptive measures in coordination with the
to deal with disabled vehicles from the rest of the BCOC.
convoy. It also picks up guides and markers along • Erect work areas.
the route. • Camouflage vehicles and installations.
When the main body closes, ideally during the • Make the new support points fully operational.
hours of darkness, the quartering party representatives The support battalion CP/brigade rear CP –
meet their units and guide them to their positions.
The accomplishment of tasks then follows the priorities • Takes control from the jump CP.
established by the commander in the movement and • Ensures base commanders report to the BCOC on
occupation order. Establishment of hasty defense readiness and provide the BCOC with a base
normally has priority over the logistics mission. The sketch.
suggested sequence of tasks for the main body is • Finalizes communications among units.
to –
The brigade rear CP reports to the brigade main CP
• Position crew-served weapons. that the move is complete. The S2/S3 begins planning
• Prepare primary fighting positions. for the next move.

CONVOY TECHNIQUES
The support battalion commander ensures all support Support battalion elements frequently move at night.
battalion elements practice good convoy techniques. So knowledge of night convoy techniques is required.
All should practice good march discipline. This includes The support battalion commander decides whether to
following traffic regulations, responding to all signals, move or not to move under blackout conditions. Black-
keeping proper distances, and practicing good security out moves reduce the probability of enemy observation
measures. Drivers also know what to do in case of but make the convoy more vulnerable to ambush and
mechanical failure. Drivers move the disabled vehicle sniper fire. They also contribute to driver fatigue. In any
off the road and notify the march element commander. case, night moves require greater coordination and
They perform unit maintenance operations within their additional radios, More information is in Chapter 5 of
capability. Maintenance beyond the driver’s capability FM 55-30. In addition, if the convoy crosses a con-
is performed by mechanics in the trail party. Refer to taminated area, it follows the procedures prescribed in
FM 55-30. FM 3-3.
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 FM 63-1

CONVOY DEFENSE
A key consideration in movement is security. The sup- move, or disperse. A halt makes the convoy harder to spot,
port battalion’s limited self-defense assets make convoy but if spotted, it becomes easier to hit. If the move con-
defense a challenge. The brigade rear CP coordinates tinues, vehicles are easier to spot but harder to hit. Also,
closely with the supporting MP unit. The MP unit provides fewer soldiers are available to provide small arms fire.
convoy security whenever possible. However, support bat- Proper dispersion makes it harder for pilots to make mul-
talion elements take proper measures throughout the tiple hits. However, it is easier for the pilots to spot targets
move, including during halts. The brigade rear CP also as vehicles move to dispersion positions. It is more difficult
coordinates fire support in advance with the fire support to continue the move after the attack.
officer to get a priority of support for the convoy. The Though the support battalion has limited firepower,
brigade rear CP informs the fire support officer of start small arms defense can be effective against low-flying
and release points, time schedules, checkpoints, and con- aircraft. The key is to put up as much volume of fire as
voy size. The fire support officer sets call signs, frequencies, possible; all available weapons are concentrated on the
and other required signal information. Convoy com- aircraft.
manders use information from reconnaissance to plan
fires. They coordinate and rehearse actual calls for fire and Passive defense against artillery or indirect fire is similar
adjustments to fires. Refer to FM 55-30. to that discussed above. Active defense consists of coor-
dinating air or artillery fires and directing fires against the
Movement on an open road makes a convoy very sus- enemy forward observer if located.
ceptible to air attack. The support battalion lacks
significant firepower. Therefore, passive defensive techni- Commanders have a plan to avoid ambushes whenever
ques are critical. Personnel do not use closed columns possible. They minimize the effects by protecting vehicles
during daylight. They may use tarps and bows to disguise and personnel. If the convoy is ambushed, vehicles in the
the shape of lucrative targets such as fuel tankers. Person- kill zone drive out if possible. Personnel abandon disabled
nel cover portions of vehicles that reflect light. Drivers scan vehicles in the kill zone or move them if they are blocking
the surrounding areas for objects to use for cover and the road. Vehicles not in the kill zone do not attempt to
concealment if ordered to disperse. In addition, soldiers pass through it. Personnel dismount and take up defensive
should scan for aircraft. (Search and scan procedures are positions. Commanders call for artillery or air fire on
in FM 44-3.) Personnel use radios minimally. enemy positions. They may also request reaction forces to
If attacking aircraft are spotted, the convoy com- counter the attack. Details on all aspects of convoy security
are in FM 55-30.
mander may choose to halt the convoy, continue to

EMERGENCY MOVES
The support battalion conducts routine moves as net. Elements not designated for immediate movement
described above. In addition, it should have an SOP coor- load up essential items (such as weapons, maps, and
dinated with the brigade rear CP for conducting communications assets). They leave tentage, camouflage
emergency moves. Personnel use these procedures when nets, and supplies on the ground. Elements destroy
the BSA is directly confronted with a Level III threat. supplies and equipment, except medical items. The
Each BSA element identifies personnel, vehicles, and provision of the Geneva Convention protects medical
equipment to immediately move out to a predesignated supplies and equipment from being intentionally
rally point. These elements are capable of providing destroyed.
limited support in critical support areas. These critical In order for such moves to prevent destruction of the
areas are Class III, V, and IX, maintenance; and medical brigade’s support base, the SOP thoroughly spells out
treatment. A small CP element assumes immediate com- responsibilities and actions to be taken. The support bat-
mand of these critical elements at the rally point. talion coordinates the SOP with all BSA elements. Training
The move is initiated by a transmission over all is also required to make the plan work. In addition the
available nets as well as a prearranged visual signal or BCOC designates and makes known to all BSA ele-
sound. At the signal, all elements come up on the command ments alternate rally points every time the BSA moves.

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 FM 63-7

Chapter 7
Headquarters and Headquarters Company
Contents
Page
ORGANIZATION AND MISSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1
PERSONNEL AND SECTION FUNCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-1

ORGANIZATION AND MISSION

The support battalion, HSB, includes a headquarters and internal logistics for units of the support bat-
and headquarters company. As shown in Figure 7-1, talion,
the battalion headquarters has five sections: command, • Planning and controlling the use of aircraft and sur-
S1, S2/S3, S4, and communications. In addition, the face transportation that are organic, attached, or
HHC includes a unit ministry team, LASSO, and BMMC. allocated for logistics and HSS missions.
The support battalion, SIB/TDB, HHC is similar to that • Planning and conduct of rear operations within its
of the support battalion, HSB. Design differences are
minor. See Figure 7-2. The ACR support squadron assigned areas of responsibility.
headquarters also includes a support operations • Controlling brigade-level supply of Class I (and
branch. See Figure 7-3. The LASSO will eventually water), II (including unclassified maps), III, IV, V,
phase out and be replaced by the CSS automation VII, and IX supplies. Determining requirements for
management office. More information is found later in developing and exercising technical supervision over
this chapter. brigade ASL and PLL.
The battalion headquarters performs the C2 func- • Controlling brigade-level and unit-level HSS on an
tions and employs the C2 facilities discussed in Chapter area basis. This includes medical staff services, medi-
2. It commands and controls organic and attached units. cal supply (Class VIII), and unit-level maintenance
It commands and controls all units in the BSA for of medical equipment.
security and terrain management. Its other missions, • Controlling DS maintenance and common and mis-
generally include – sile repair parts service to supported units in the
brigade.
• Planning, directing and supervising tactical training

PERSONNEL AND SECTION FUNCTIONS

SUPPORT BATTALION COMMANDER Once he receives the required information from his
The battalion commander commands all units or- staff, he restates the mission in a clear, concise statement
ganic, OPCON, or attached to the battalion. He also of tasks to be done and the purpose to be achieved. He
commands and controls all elements in the BSA for gives the staff specific courses of action to pursue and
security and terrain management. He organizes the directs the S2/S3 to issue the warning order to subor-
movement of, and directs the location of subordinate dinate elements.
units within the BSA. This duty requires coordination The commander with his staff supervises the ac-
with the brigade S3 and S4 concerning current and tivities of subordinate units. His staff consists of the
proposed locations and movement of all battalion units. executive officer, S1, S2, S3, and S4. As a small special
He supervises and controls all DS-level logistics and staff, the brigade automation management officer,
HSS operations of the brigade. He and his staff advise brigade materiel management officer, C-E staff officer,
the brigade commander and staff concerning logistics and chaplain also assist the commander,
and HSS functions throughout the brigade.
EXECUTIVE OFFICER
As discussed in Chapter 3, upon receipt of a mission, The XO is the principal assistant to the battalion
the commander gives planning guidance to his staff, commander. His responsibilities are similar to those of
7-1
 FM 63-1

a chief of staff, as outlined in FM 101-5. As second in records. He coordinates requirements with the S4 for
command, he understands both the support operations mortuary affairs items for battalion personnel. He coor-
and the non-CSS functions of the battalion. In accord- dinates the battalion organic health service support.
ante with commander directives, he formulates staff This includes coordinating with the brigade sur-
operating policies. geon/medical company commander for assistance in
S1 SECTION preparing the battalion HSS plan. Also, he coordinates
the HSS for mass casualties or NBC attack with brigade,
The battalion S1 is the staff officer for the com- division, or corps medical officers, as appropriate.
mander on all matters concerning human resources. He
advises the battalion commander on administrative and Other functions of the S1 section in support of the
personnel matters. He identifies personnel information battalion include –
requirements by analyzing the commander’s mission Preparing personnel status report – personnel
and personnel summaries. The S1, assisted by his staff, summary (PERSTAT-Part I) and personnel re-
prepares the battalion personnel estimate. The estimate quirements report (PERSTAT-Part II). The bat-
projects personnel losses and replacement require- talion S1 forwards the reports through channels to
ments. The estimate takes into account courses of action the brigade S1. The brigade S1 forwards the
provided by the S2/S3 section and additional informa- reports to the corps G1.
tion from the brigade S1 section. After coordination Coordinating with chaplain for religious services.
with staff personnel, the S1 presents the estimate to the
commander/XO and staff. Administering EPW program.
Determining total transportation requirements for
The S1 coordinates personnel service support for losses, replacements, and EPWs, and submitting
the support battalion. A PAC supervisor, personnel transportation request to the S4.
staff NCO, and personnel administration soldiers assist
the S1. A legal NCO and clerk typist also assist him. Processing Uniformed Code of Military Justice.
The PSNCO assists the S1 in supervising general ad- Other S1 functions may include serving as the alter-
ministrative functions. These include preparation of nate CP and operating the morale, welfare, and
correspondence and reports, mail and distribution ac- recreation program.
tivities, and maintenance of forms and files. Other areas S2/S3 SECTION
are maintenance of publications, preparation of or-
ders and directives, and printing and reproduction The S2 is the principal staff adviser to the battalion
activities. The personnel administration soldiers commander on intelligence, EW, counterintelligence
prepare reports and correspondence for MOS actions. and security operations. The S2 manages these primary
They prepare promotions with the brigade S1, MOS functions to satisfy the commander’s intelligence and
testing, and clearance papers. They also prepare reas- security requirements.
signments, special duty assignments, and SIDPERS The S2’s foremost responsibility is to provide timely,
actions when required. accurate intelligence to the commander. He assists the
Primary S1 personnel services focus on strength commander in identifying PIR and IR necessary to com-
management, casualty operations, and replacement plete both assigned and implied missions. The S2 directs
operations. Other responsibilities include matters deal- the support battalion’s IPB operations. He prepares and
ing with — continually updates a collection plan as an analytical
• Awards and decorations. tool to determine and assess intelligence needs. The S2
articulates intelligence requirements by tasking organic
• Soldier pay. units and by requesting intelligence information and
• Military justice. collection from higher and adjacent units. He dissemi-
• Hometown news releases. nates intelligence and combat information as rapidly as
• Preparation of soldiers for overseas movement. possible to the commander, staff, and other units,
higher, lower, and adjacent, who need it.
In support of the battalion personnel function, the Other S2 functions include –
S1 also monitors internal mortuary affairs activities
and reconciles casualty reports with mortuary affairs • Preparing the intelligence annex to the OPORD,

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FM 63-1

the INTSUM, and various intelligence briefings. backlogs on critical weapon systems. It also requests rein-
Disseminating maps and other intelligence forcing support from the COSCOM.
products to the staff and to subordinate units. For HSS, the S2/S3 has input in the medical evacua-
Assisting the S3 in managing OPSEC by recom- tion and treatment plan for assigned and attached units.
mending essential elements of friendly informa- It coordinates input with the medical company and the
tion, which must be protected from enemy brigade surgeon. Input covers Class VIII supply,
intelligence. helicopter landing sites, and priority of medical effort.
Monitoring EPW collection points. The section also coordinates the flow of RTD personnel
with the brigade S1 and S4 sections. It coordinates for
Supervising the handling of EPWs, defectors, line- transportation assets for mass casualty evacuation con-
crossers and captured documents, equipment and tingencies with the COSCOM MCC/MCT or DISCOM
other enemy material. MCO.
The S3 is the staff adviser to the battalion commander The S3 exercises movement control over the transport
for organization, operations, and NBC matters. He activities of the support battalion. This includes the
coordinates the activities of and supervises personnel movements between the BSA and battalion trains areas
in the S2/S3 section. and CSS movements entering and leaving the brigade
The mission of the battalion includes DS supply, DS area. This also includes controlling and coordinating the
maintenance, HSS, and transportation. In this capacity, arrival of resupply and replacement movements into the
the S3 advises the commander on requirements versus BSA, or directly into the maneuver battalion trains
available assets. The S3 provides input to the brigade areas. These activities involve close liaison with the
S4 on the service support plan. This plan conforms to brigade S3 and S4 and supporting MCT. Control also
the support battalion commander’s concept of opera- includes control over aircraft or surface transport
tions and supports the brigade OPLAN. (In the ACR, specifically allocated or attached to the support bat-
all staff functions related to logistics and HSS to the talion for logistics and HSS.
regiment are the responsibility of the support operations In the separate brigade, the battalion transportation
officer under the S2/S3. The support operations officer officer coordinates the employment of transportation
also advises the commander on requirements versus assets of the support battalion. He receives broad policy
available assets.) guidance for transportation movements and highway
The S2/S3 section has several specific functions in the regulation from the brigade transportation officer.
area of supply and services. It coordinates types and In the ACR, the movement control officer in the
amounts of supplies and services with the COSCOM, support operations section consolidates the requests
DISCOM support operations branch (if employed as for and controls the use of transportation in the support
part of a division), the BMMC, and the brigade S4. It squadron. The SOO and squadron MCO receive policy
monitors daily battle loss reports to anticipate require- guidance, tactical priorities, and highway regulation
ments. It also assesses the type of resupply operations for transportation movements from the regimental
required. If airlift or airdrop is required in the BSA, it transportation officer.
requests and coordinates the support. It requests field
service support through the COSCOM. The section Resupply shipments may arrive by motor or air
coordinates with the S&T company and brigade S4 on transport. The air transport mode includes the use of
locations and operations of field service augmentations. Air Force transports as well as COSCOM or other
In the maintenance area, the section recommends supporting Army CSS airlift. Transportation require-
ments which exceed the transport capabilities (air and
the allocation of resources in coordination with the motor) allocated for the support battalion for CSS func-
maintenance company, the BMMC, and supported tions are coordinated with the brigade transportation
units. This includes coordination of MST operations.
The section coordinates critical parts status with the officer. The brigade transportation officer requests ad-
BMMC. It forecasts and monitors the work load for all ditional transportation support from the MCT or
logistics base as required.
equipment by types of equipment. It also devises the
plans and policies for QSS, reparable management, and The NBC NCO in the section monitors and assists in
other Class IX operations. With the brigade S4, it reviews the employment of NBC teams. He receives, coordinates,
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 FM 63-1

analyzes, and evaluates NBC activity data. He develops The automation management office receives, dis-
response procedures for NBC defense and makes tributes, implements, retrieves, and disposes of all
recommendations to the commander on MOPP levels. STAMIS software for the regiment. It provides staff and
He also prepares NBC reports 1 through 6. More infor- unit-level assistance. It also provides system troubleshoot-
mation on NBC operations is in Chapter 2 of this FM. ing and replacement of software. It integrates databases
The S2/S3 section performs several functions in ad- for new units and units attached to the regiment. This
dition to those support operations discussed above. integration of data bases includes user-level sustain-
These include – ment training. It coordinates signal support actions and
requirements with the corps signal office. It interfaces
• Planning and supervising air defense and defense with corps and EAC activities responsible for CSS sys-
against unconventional and psychological warfare tem support. It assists units with CSS automation COOP
operations. planning and execution. It also maintains the master
• Determining the requirements for the storage, library of CSS software and STAMIS user manuals for
maintenance, distribution, and documentation of the ACR.
chemical munitions. S4 SECTION
• Preparing the BSA security plan and ensuring that
The support battalion S4 provides technical super-
the plan is compatible with the brigade operations vision and assistance for logistics and materiel readiness
plan. matters within the battalion. He prepares the battalion
• Inspecting battalion units and activities to ensure logistics estimate. He makes recommendations to the
compliance with directives and that they are provid- battalion commander on internal logistics activities. He
ing adequate service to supported units. also coordinates and supervises personnel in the S4
• Planning and coordinating battalion tactical moves. section.
Details are in Chapter 6. The S4 section monitors the battalion internal supply
• Planning and supervising support of special war- activities. It processes requests for Class I, II, III, IV,V,
fare operations. and VII items to replenish basic loads of all battalion
• Planning and coordinating the collection and dis- elements. It monitors requests that battalion elements
position of excess, surplus, salvage, and captured submit to the maintenance company for Class IX items.
materiel by brigade units, when required. It forwards the battalion plan to all organic and attached
• Coordinating the requirements of support bat- elements. It also coordinates field service requirements
talion units for data processing support of mission for all battalion units through the battalion S3. It
activities with the automation management officer prepares the Class III forecast for the support battalion.
(also brigade management information system of- It submits it to the S2/S3 section (ACR – submits to the
ficer). support operations branch).
A new automation management concept is nearing The battalion maintenance technician coordinates
approval for the support battalion and was approved for support battalion unit maintenance operations. He con-
the support squadron. The LASSO will phase out with solidates support battalion unit maintenance reports.
the fielding of SARSS-2A and corps/theater ADP service He provides the commander and other staff sections
centers. A new element, the CSS automation management with equipment status reports for planning purposes.
office is established in the support squadron S2/S3 section. He also supervises controlled substitution in accord-
(Refer to the CSS automation management office para- ance with the commander’s priorities. He monitors
graph below.) The CSSAMO is the regiment focal point support battalion PLLs and coordinates recovery of
for all CSS software management and operator-level sup- support battalion equipment.
port for all STAMISs. The S4 section coordinates with the S1 on unit strength
In the ACR, the CSS automation management officer and replacement data to project logistics requirements.
supervises the functions of the automation management Together they also ensure battalion replacements are
office. He provides technical advice to the commander issued all authorized equipment. The S4 coordinates
on any changes in automated systems that interrupt, movement plans with the S3 and consolidates transpor-
hinder, or change the provision of CSS to the regiment. tation requirements for all battalion units.

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FM 63-1

COMMUNICATIONS SECTION also install, operate, and maintain the unit

The battalion C-E officer is the principal adviser switchboard.
to the support battalion commander on all C-E matters. • Performing organizational maintenance on bat-
He plans and supervises the unit communications sys- talion tactical communications and selected
tem. He integrates the systems into the communications electronic equipment. They perform go/no-go checks
systems of higher, lower, and adjacent headquarters. on COMSEC equipment. They test, align, and
He supervises the organizational maintenance of the calibrate radio and associated electronic equip-
battalion C-E equipment and monitors the status of ment. They also perform troubleshooting proce-
unit and subordinate unit C-E equipment. He also dures and use tools and test equipment authorized
serves as the COMSEC custodian for the unit COMSEC at the organizational level.
subaccount. This includes issuing and accounting for In the ACR, communications personnel and equip-
security equipment, key lists, codes, and ciphers. This ment are part of the S2/S3 section as a branch (Note:
also includes the authentication systems and the is- Figure 7-3, page 7-4). Its functions are similar to those
sues and accounts for the unit SOI in accordance with of the separate brigade section as written above.
current regulations. The C-E officer plans and coor-
dinates photographic support requirements for the BRIGADE MATERIEL
battalion with the brigade C-E officer. He also super- MANAGEMENT CENTER
vises and controls the communications personnel. The BMMO is responsible for the operations and
Communications personnel install, operate, and main- employment of the BMMC. He and his maintenance
tain the telephone switchboard. Other duties include management officer supervise the BMMC and provide
supervising the RATT station for operation in the for continuity of operations. The BMMO implements
corps/division/brigade RATT net. He also supervises a the policies of the battalion commander and prescribes
battalion FM voice net with net radio/wire integration procedures and mission standards for the BMMC. He
capability. provides management control over all materiel for the
The tactical communications chief, as the assistant battalion except for Class VIII supplies. The brigade
to the C-E officer, assists in supervising the communica- medical supply officer manages Class VIII. The BMMO
tions section personnel. He coordinates all communications also provides input to the support battalion S3 and
within the CP and keeps informed of all communica- brigade S4 on logistics plans and orders. In general, he
tions aspects of the tactical operation. He also assists in supervises personnel in the BMMC. Other respon-
developing the communications training program and sibilities are —
SOP. He serves as an alternate COMSEC custodian for • Advising the battalion commander and staff on
the unit subaccount. management of supply and maintenance opera-
The section personnel perform other duties such tions.
as — • Preparing reviewing and approving detailed plans
• Establishing the RATT operation activities. This and policies for the operation of supply and distribu-
includes site selection, installation of equipment, tion points and QSS operations. He approves
and entering station into RATT net. detailed plans and policies for RM operations. He
also approves plans and policies for supply and main-
• Establishing the radio and antennae sites. They tenance operations from a management point of
locate the radio and antennae sites and organize view.
the radio system at the battalion headquarters. • Developing or reviewing SOPS for the center.
This includes installing and operating remote
equipment. They perform operator maintenance • Recommending policies, plans, and procedures
of unit radio equipment. They install power gener- for, and supervising, from a technical point of view,
ator equipment and erect antennas. DS-level supply and maintenance for which the
• Establishing the wire systems. They install, operate battalion is responsible.
and maintain all wire lines and associated equip- • Establishing coordination channels with the MMC
ment. They prepare local telephone traffic of the next higher command for such actions as
diagrams, line route maps, and directories. They evacuation of materiel. These actions also include
providing reinforcement of support, emergency
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 FM 63-1

requirements, and technical assistance. 500- gallon fuel drums, water drums, and helicopter
• Coordinating with the S&T company commander slings.
for technical supervision of unit supply training Functions the BMMC carries out are –
throughout the brigade.
• Developing or implementing plans, estimates, and
• Preparing and distributing (as authorized by the directives for supply and maintenance operations.
battalion commander) directives of a materiel
management procedural nature. He or his people • Providing materiel management for Class I (in-
make direct contact with operators for such mat- cludes emergency water distribution), II (includes
ters as receipts, MROs, inventories, input data for unclassified map supply), III, IV, V, VII, and IX
reports, and preparation and submission of re- supplies.
quests. The battalion commander retains the • Developing and controlling the brigade ASL for
authority for battalion directives for operational supplies and equipment stocked by the S&T and
matters. maintenance companies.
The BMMC is the heart of the battalion’s materiel • Providing direction and, in coordination with the
management mission. It is the technical operations cen- battalion S3 section, mode of delivery for the issu-
ter for the battalion. It implements automated ing of supplies to brigade units. It also provides for
procedures except for Class I, III (bulk), and VIII sup- the receipt and processing of requisitions from the
plies. supported units and activities.
The LASSO provides ADP support for the BMMC. • Developing, approving, and maintaining unit
The BMMC coordinates supply priorities with the S3 PLLs.
and brigade S4. It coordinates supply controls with the • Coordinating with the maintenance company on
brigade S4 and COSCOM or DISCOM MMC. It also requirements for the processing of equipment
coordinates locations of all forward supply points with prior to issue.
the S3 and the brigade S4. In the ACR, the automation • Providing for continuous study of the supply and
management office provides ADP support for the maintenance system.
RMMC. • Providing maintenance management information
Within the BMMC there are appropriate manage- for brigade maintenance activities.
ment elements responsible for the ASLs. The Class I, II, • Providing control for physical inventory and recon-
and IV section is responsible for all subsistence items ciliations of stock records.
and items that are issued gratuitously. The section also • Providing catalog and technical document refer-
has responsibility for expendable Class II supplies. The ence service.
Class III section controls and manages the supply of bulk
fuel to brigade elements, It determines requirements, • Providing, within policies and directives of higher
recommends priorities, and manages allocations for headquarters, actions to fulfill supply and main-
bulk fuel. The Class V section is responsible for all tenance requirements.
ammunition. Finally, the materiel section is responsible • Maintaining records on Class II, III (packaged),
for all repair parts supplies. and IV supplies.
Two basic categories of ASL items are expendable • Maintaining the brigade property book, Army
items and nonexpendable items. Expendable items are equipment status reporting data, and the Class IX
normally based on requirements and consumption system.
rates. These items are developed from appropriate • Assisting the brigade S4 in developing plans for
authorization documents such as SB 700-20, TMs, purchasing and contracting service relating to sup-
TBs, and CTAs. Nonexpendable items are derived plies and services.
from the brigade property book items and mission sup- Class I, II, and IV Section
port equipment. Brigade property book items are
based on wartime replacement factors. Mission sup- The supply and service officer exercises stock control
port equipment includes other equipment required by over Class I, II, III (packaged) and IV supplies. He is
the force. Such support equipment includes collapsible assisted by the materiel management and subsistence
supply supervisors. They develop and control brigade
7-9
FM 63-1

ASLs and develop unit basic load data. They make Class V Section
recommendations regarding priorities, allocations, and The ammunition officer, ammunition technician,
other controls. They also provide advice on receipt, and other section personnel monitor the status of the
storage, and distribution of supplies. Class V system. They perform ammunition stock con-
The section coordinates the Class I distribution point trol. They also maintain records of ammunition
operation schedule with the COSCOM MMC or allocations, credits, debits, and expenditures for all
DMMC and S&T company. This includes coordinating brigade units. This includes basic loads, special task
Class I deliveries and distribution point locations. It force requirements, CSR, RSR, and data on special
identifies on-hand and due-in assets against require- ammunition. The section personnel maintain current
ments. locations of the brigade ATP, corps CSAs, ATPs, and
The section identifies the brigade food service re- ASPs, and any stockpiles in the brigade area. They
quirements by reviewing ration request documents. monitor Class V requisitions and issues from the ATP
Before a pull system is established, the section prepares to supported units with the brigade S4. They also
a consolidated ration request based on personnel coordinate Class V diversions to meet unexpected
strength reports. It provides updates to the battalion surge requirements with the brigade S4 and ATP.
commander. It provides technical assistance to subor- Other functions the Class V section performs in-
dinate commanders on food service operations. It clude —
forwards the requisition for the brigade’s subsistence to • Authenticating requests (DA Form 581).
COSCOM MMC. It also monitors ration shipments • Approving requests for turn-in.
from the COSCOM ration point to BSA ration break- Managing the CSR and RSR and providing this
down point. data to the brigade staff.
The Class I, II, and IV section coordinates water • Providing expenditure data to the brigade staff
distribution point locations with the COSCOM MMC and COSCOM.
or DMMC and S&T company. It monitors regulated • Computing and maintaining basic load data and
water distribution to using units for compliance with the
SOP. It also coordinates with the corps of engineers for weapon densities.
availability of potable water sources. • Preparing and submitting stock status reports to
include quantity, condition, and forecasted re-
The section identifies on-hand Class II and IV sup- quirements.
plies from documents or stock records. It monitors
delivery of Class II and IV supplies from EAD or the • Monitoring brigade assets in the hands of troops
DSA to the BSA distribution point. to ensure proper storage and maintenance.
• Maintaining continuous liaison with the S&T
Class III Section company personnel at the brigade ATP.
The petroleum supply officer, the petroleum supply Property Book/Class VII Section
supervisor assisting, exercises stock control and
management over the supply of bulk fuels. He makes The property book/Class VII section functions as
recommendations for priorities, allocations, and other the brigade property book office. The section person-
controls. He also provides advice on the receipt, storage, nel also manage Class VII items. The brigade property
and distribution of bulk fuels. book officer heads the section. He controls all input to
The section monitors the status of the Class III sys- and output from the automated processes supporting
tem. It coordinates delivery by corps transportation the property book system. He controls the automated
assets to the BSA Class III point with the COSCOM processes to the extent of establishing and modifying
MMC and S&T company. It also provides petroleum master and subsidiary files as necessary. He also con-
status updates to the brigade S4, COSCOM MMC or trols the automated processes of establishing working
DMMC, battalion S3 section, and S&T company. parameters for the automated processes and directing
the execution of desired processes.
In the ACR and SIB/TDB, this section also manages
the distribution of water. It supervises the acquisition, Two property account technicians and a customer
storage, inspection testing, issue, and distribution of water. assistance NCO assist the property book officer. Other
section personnel assist the property book officer by
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 FM 63-1

developing requirements for current and contingency the COSCOM MMC. They advise the brigade materiel
operations. They conduct surveys and assist in the develop- management officer and maintenance company com-
ment of the research and retrieval service. They also mander of problem areas. They also advise of new
coordinate the return to supply channels of excess service- developments that impact on the repair parts and main-
able and unserviceable end items as required and tenance posture of the brigade.
coordinate equipment processing for issue in the brigade. The materiel section coordinates maintenance ac-
The property book/Class VII section has two teams. tivities. This includes –
They are the requisitioning, editing, document control, • Monitoring BDAR efforts of maintenance ele-
and reports team and the property book team. The ments to ensure the focus is on critical equip-
requisitioning, editing, document control, and reports ment or weapon systems that have an immediate
team receives, records, verifies, and reports data. The effect on the combat mission.
team enters the data on supply transaction documents
and provides them as input for processing by the • Coordinating vehicular recovery to an MCP with
LASSO. They receive all printed listings and machine- the brigade S4 and maintenance company.
produced cards as output from the LASSO. They • Monitoring cannibalization activities with the
distribute these cards and listings within the brigade brigade and corps for disposition instructions.
property book office and to units of the brigade. They There are four weapon system oriented materiel
provide input to the Army Equipment Status Reporting management branches. They are the armament and
System. They also provide input to the appropriate staff combat vehicle branch, automotive and GSE branch,
of higher headquarters as directed by the brigade com- C-E branch, and missile branch. There is also a general
mander. The team receives and processes equipment repair parts branch. Each weapon system branch
readiness listings used in preparing the unit status provides intensive internal and external brigade
report. They check adjustment documents to ensure management for the designated weapon system end
completeness and compliance with appropriate proce- items and selective Class IX items. All of these items are
dures and regulations. Once SPBS-R and SARSS-2A critical or maintenance significant to the operational
are fielded, the system will perform the editing function readiness of those weapon systems. The general repair
automatically. parts branch manages all other Class IX items. Func-
The property book team manages the hand-receipt tions the branches collectively perform under the
accounts for the brigade units. It prepares or processes direction of the maintenance management officer are –
unit requisitions for issue and turn-in of organization • Recommending maintenance data requirements
TOE property. It also processes unit requests for issue and reporting format. They implement ADP col-
and turn-in of installation property and hand-receipt lection procedures and supervise operations of
annex items. The team processes all data to be input to the maintenance data reporting system.
the brigade property book. It evaluates and takes action
on cards and listings produced as output from the • Analyzing data and reports (automated and
computer. It also identifies, reports, and makes recom- manual) to identify trends, problem areas, and
mendations on redistribution of excess property. other information that generates requirements
for action by the maintenance company and staff
Materiel Section elements.
The materiel section monitors the status of the main- • Compiling special reports on the status of
tenance system of the brigade. The section manager is brigade equipment.
the materiel management officer. The materiel manage- • Assisting in the development of policies and
ment officer performs integrated materiel (Class IX plans. They also recommend corrective action.
supply and maintenance) management for all main-
tainable materiel. • Providing disposition instructions (in conjunc-
tion with the property book/Class VII section)
The materiel management officer in this section, for unserviceable items of equipment. These items
the section personnel assisting, conducts continuous exceed the repair capabilities or capacities of the
appraisal of materiel management operations. They maintenance company.
maintain liaison with the brigade headquarters and • Developing maintenance plans to support projected

7-11
FM 63-1

brigade combat operations. They coordinate with missile systems. It also monitors critical repair parts
the maintenance company based on requirements stock for expedient repair capability. The branch main-
generated by the brigade staff. tains liaison with the COSCOM MMC or DMMC and
● Monitoring brigade organizational maintenance the maintenance company for support beyond brigade
operations and evaluating procedures and use of capability.
equipment and personnel. Communications-Electronics Branch
● Maintaining the status of all MWOs for equip- The C-E branch performs integrated materiel
ment and recommending priorities for the com- maintenance for communications equipment, communica-
pletion of MWOs. tions-electronics intelligence equipment, and electronic
● Maintaining coordination and exchanging in- warfare equipment. The branch also performs main-
formation with the property book/Class VII tenance on combat surveillance equipment, target
section. This includes such matters as the acquisition equipment, and night vision equipment. Its
status of end item supply. personnel maintain maintenance records of all C-E
● Coordinating with and providing guidance and maintenance performed on supported units equipment.
information to the BDC with respect to informa- They coordinate additional C-E maintenance with the
tional requirements and report formats to be COSCOM MMC or DMMC. C-E personnel also assist
satisfied through automated procedures. the support battalion staff in selecting CP locations for
● Coordinating with the transportation officer on best communications reception.
requirements for the evacuation of materiel General Repair Parts Branch
from the brigade area. The general repair parts branch personnel provide
● Identifying brigade materiel that requires for supply management of Class IX items not managed
calibration in support of the Army calibrations by the other branches in this section. They also provide
program. aviation supply management (Class IXA) on behalf of
● Reviewing spectrometric oil analysis reports to the RAS (ACR) with the corps MMC aviation division’s
determine incipient equipment failures. They aviation parts supply branch. They develop and control
coordinate with the BMMC petroleum supply overall repair parts supply as prescribed in the brigade
officer to ensure that petroleum products issued service support annex. They evaluate all machine output
to units meet required specifications. They make pertaining to repair parts supply. They also provide
recommendations to the BMMO on policy chan- advice to DSUs relative to catalog changes. The branch
ges that may result from SOA requirements. personnel measure system performance through the use
Automotive-Ground Support Equipment Branch of appropriate management techniques and tools.
These consist of pertinent records and reports such as
This branch performs integrated materiel manage- stock status reports, daily transaction register, and the
ment for tactical wheeled and general purpose vehicles. daily error and edit transaction listing.
It also performs integrated materiel management for
construction, MHE, power generation, and associated LOGISTICS AUTOMATED
test equipment. SYSTEMS SUPPORT OFFICE
The automation management officer serves as chief of
Armament-Combat Vehicle Branch the LASSO. The LASSO provides the data processing
This branch performs integrated materiel manage- support for the service support mission of the brigade
ment for weapon systems and combat vehicles. It support battalion. The automation management officer
provides materiel management for selective Class IX supervises personnel in the ADP operations section. The
items. These items are critical or maintenance significant ADP operations section operates the central processing
to the operational readiness of those weapon systems. unit for input/output for the LASSO. The automation
Missile Branch management officer, the automation systems support
technician assisting, exercises overall command and
The missile branch maintains status on missile systems control of the LASSO.
deployed in the combat elements of the brigade. It
monitors DS maintenance to combat units that have The LASSO supports the SARSS, the SPBS-R, and
the SAMS. The LASSO also manages the SCP and
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 FM 63-1

implements the support battalion COOP. For units HEADQUARTERS COMPANY

where SARSS-2A has not yet been fielded, it uses DAS3 The headquarters company commander is respon-
hardware and the DS4. It coordinates the SARSS data sible for discipline, security, training, and administration
management operations with the support battalion of personnel assigned to the HHC. He provides internal
supply and maintenance DSUs and the BMMC supply support functions such as providing supplies and
management sections. Subordinate/attached units sub- materiel for the company. The company commander,
mit SARSS ECP-S to the LASSO. The LASSO identifies the first sergeant assisting, supervises organizational
the supply system support requirements and prepares maintenance support (less that included in the com-
the SARSS ECP-S. munications section and LASSO).
In support of the SPBS-R, the LASSO transfers in- Functions of the company consist of the following
coming property book data to the SPBS-R. It distributes
the output, such as hand receipts, to the property Ensuring load plans are maintained.
book/Class VII section. It prepares the SPBS-R ECP-S. Providing food service support for the support
The LASSO also supports the SAMS. It transfers battalion and designated personnel of the MI com-
incoming maintenance data to the SAMS. It coor- pany (CEWI).
dinates with the materiel section on maintenance Performing route reconnaissance.
reporting requirements. It identifies maintenance sup- Organizing unit for movement and issuing move-
port needs and prepares the SAMS ECP-S. ment orders to HHC personnel.
The LASSO manages the battalion software change Requesting additional transportation from the S4
package program. It coordinates SCP implementation when required.
with the support battalion headquarters elements and Coordinating with the S2/S3 on the quartering
subordinate/attached units. It provides software party.
change package technical assistance to the battalion Providing C2 of HHC in response to air or ground
subordinate and attached units. It also programs SCP attack.
to LASSO hardware.
Establishing communications with LP/OPs.
The LASSO coordinates the COOP with designated
supporting units for compliance with established Ensuring HHC logistics is provided.
policies. The automation management officer ensures UNIT MINISTRY TEAM
changes in policies are reflected in the COOP. The The unit ministry team provides religious support
LASSO also provides COOP status update to the to the support battalion. The UMT consists of the chaplain
battalion commander. and chaplain assistant. The team provides religious sup-
Additional functions the LASSO performs are – port forward to the smallest groups and teams in
• Ensuring proper allocations of resources to ac- accordance with the doctrine in FM 16-1.
complish the LASSO mission. The commander is responsible for the religious
• Developing policies to ensure efficient and ef- program in his unit. The UMT implements the com-
fective use of LASSO personnel and equip- mand religious program. It provides religious support
ment. to ensure the free exercise of religion. Religious sup-
• Implementing DA-directed modifications to port by the UMT consists of counseling, worship,
DA-developed programs. memorial, and funeral services. In accordance with the
commander’s guidance and the unit’s requirements,
• Planning for integration of data bases of newly religious service support is provided on a 24-hour
assigned or attached units. basis. The chaplain performs certain staff functions.
• Checking for erroneous data generated by the These functions are –
system and determining problems and correc- • Providing morale and religious update to the
tive measures required. commander.
• Monitoring the work flow of production that • Providing ethical issues update to the com-
runs through the LASSO. mander.

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FM 63-1

• Providing required staff input to the battalion support priorities. The UMT coordinates the denomina-
plans and orders. tional coverage with area units and the brigade chaplain
The UMT provides input to the personnel estimate section. Finally, it disseminates the support plan to all
and develops a religious service support plan. This plan BSA units.
lists religious requirements and establishes religious

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 FM 63-1

Chapter 8
Supply and Transportation Company
Contents
Page
ORGANIZATION AND MISSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-1
PRINCIPLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-5
SECTION FUNCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-6
SUPPLY OPERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-9
TRANSPORTATION OPERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-18
FIELD SERVICES OPERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-21

ORGANIZATION AND MISSION

The support battalion helps keep weapon systems Receives, stores, transports, and distributes bulk
manned and fully operable on the battlefield. It supports petroleum using organic fuel transporters.
each weapon system by resupplying the classes of supply Transloads Class V supplies from corps transpor-
that apply to that particular system. In the separate tation assets to unit vehicles. The company also
brigades, the support battalion S&T company provides provides limited transportation of Class V to
most classes of supplies. It is the same with the regimen- brigade units.
tal support squadron in the ACR. These companies are Provides transportation for the brigade ASL and
organized as shown in Figures 8-1, 8-2, and 8-3. supplemental transportation for elements of the
The S&T company supports the arming system brigade.
through its Class IV and V operations and the fueling Maintains the brigade reserve supplies.
system through Class III operations. It supports the fixing
system through Class VII operations and the sustaining Provides unit maintenance for all organic vehicles.
the soldier task through provision of rations, clothing Provides salvage service for materiel and supplies
and individual equipment. It also supports the moving of all types (less toxic gasses, ammunition, ex-
task through transporting supplies and brigade units. plosives, motor vehicles, and COMSEC equip-
Specifically, the company provides receipt, storage, ment).
and issue of Class I, II, III, IV, and VII items. It also The support battalion is 100 percent mobile with
provides water and unclassified maps. It conducts organic equipment. To enhance mobility, the quantity
Class V transloading operations at its ammunition trans- and variety of supplies the S&T company has on hand
fer point. It also provides transportation for elements of at any given time are limited. As a result, the S&T
the brigade and for the brigade ASL. The company company and its supporting supply activities put a num-
consists of a company headquarters, maintenance section, ber of supply principles to work. These supply principles
supply platoon, petroleum platoon, and TMT platoon. cut down on the response time between initial request
The company performs the following functions: and subsequent issue to the brigade.
• Receives, stores, and issues Class I, II, packaged If the brigade is operating with a division, it is usually
III, IV (limited), and VII items as well as unclass- OPCON to the division. Therefore, the DISCOM does
ified maps. The company does not receive, store, not provide support to the brigade. The brigade main-
or issue classified maps, aircraft, airdrop equip- tains its direct link to the COSCOM. However, the
ment, COMSEC, or construction materiel. division commander needs to know the status of all the
• Purifies, stores, and issues water to the brigade. units he controls. Therefore, the support battalion coor-
The company provides up to two water supply dinates with the DISCOM support operations section to
points in the BSA. The company also provides work out procedures for the separate brigade to report
limited potable water distribution to assigned and the status of its supplies and other CSS assets.
attached units.

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 FM 63-1

PRINCIPLES
PUSH SYSTEM goes forward to provide support to forward deployed
A push system is the initial go-to-war supply system in elements. (LOGPAC operations are detailed in
an undeveloped theater. Suppliers send forward FM 71-2.) The S&T company tries to cut down on the
preplanned packages of selected supplies. These packages distances the forward units travel. It does this by
replenish expended supplies in anticipation of require- positioning supplies as far forward as possible. In order
ments of supported units. Initial quantities are based on to provide a quick turnaround for forward units, the
strength data and historical demand. When the theater S&T company also staggers the unit pickup times. The
stabilizes, the supply system becomes a push system to the S&T company sets up to provide a smooth traffic flow
BSA for critical supplies based on personnel strengths through the supply areas.
and forecasted requirements. The distribution system There is a limited capability for unit distribution
provides other supplies through a pull system based on within the brigade. Corps assets use unit distribution to
actual demand. Supply personnel may still push supplies deliver barrier materials to emplacement sites. The sup-
at the battalion and brigade level. This may occur espe- port battalion delivers other classes of supply using unit
cially during high intensity combat operations to heavily distribution when the tactical situation permits and
engaged units. Such units may be unable to ask for supplies transportation assets are available. The support bat-
because of gaps in the chain of command or intensive talion via motor or air transport uses unit distribution
jamming on a fluid battlefield. Supplies are also pushed to for emergency resupply. This chapter discusses aerial
support a deep operation. resupply later on.
THROUGHPUT DISTRIBUTION CAPTURED AND FOUND SUPPLIES
Throughput distribution bypasses one or more in- Two types of materiel fall into this category. The first
termediate supply organizations in the supply system. is US materiel or equipment that has been found and
This minimizes handling and speeds delivery forward. turned in. The second is enemy equipment or materiel
COSCOM makes throughput of supplies to the unit, captured or found on the battlefield. The main thrust of
whenever possible. Class IV barrier materials and some personnel handling captured or found materiel is to get
Class VII items are throughput directly to the user in the serviceable materiel back into the supply system and to
forward area. When most of the load is for a specific dispose of unserviceable materiel. The following are
unit, the transporter delivers directly to the requesting some ways in which materiel captured or found on the
unit. battlefield may be put to use:
SUPPLY POINT AND UNIT DISTRIBUTION Once cleared by medical personnel, units use cap-
In the separate brigade, supply point distribution tured subsistence to feed EPWs and the local
is the normal method of distributing supplies to users. population. They consume found US subsistence
Unit distribution provides the most responsive once it has been tested by veterinary personnel.
method. Yet, it is beyond the capability of the support Units use captured fuels once they have been
battalion on a continuous basis. Therefore, the battalion analyzed and determined suitable for use by the lab
normally uses a combination of supply point and unit specialists in the petroleum platoon. Units also use
distribution. For example, units which do not have a the captured fuel test kit (a go/no go test). The kit
fuel-carrying capability have Class III (bulk) delivered provides a quick method of determining whether
to them. captured fuels can be used.
When the support battalion uses supply point dis- Units use captured materiel for barrier and for-
tribution, unit representatives come to the supply tifications construction.
points in the BSA to pick up their supplies. Maneuver Units use captured medical supplies to treat EPW
battalion task forces with field trains in the BSA have casualties, preferably by EPW medical personnel
their organic unit supply, fuel, and ammunition trucks who are familiar with their materiel.
assemble in the field trains. The field trains personnel Units notify the S2/S3 of captured or found
also pick up repaired equipment, personnel replace- materiel. The BMMC provides disposition in-
ments, and other assets. They form a LOGPAC which structions. The BMMC may direct the unit to turn

8-5
FM 63-1

in the items to maintenance collection points. It most effectively use the limited resources available.
may also direct units to turn in equipment to the This concept depends on centralized control of as-
salvage point where it is identified, classified, and sets. There is one focal point. This person or section
reported through the BMMC. maintains constant awareness of transportation require-
• Units follow the same procedures for turning in ments and capabilities. The transportation officer is the
allied forces equipment. Units turn in found focal point for the brigade.
materiel to maintenance collection points. The
brigade materiel manager contacts the materiel The brigade transportation officer works for the
manager of allied nations for disposition instruc- brigade S4. He also coordinates with the brigade S3, the
tions. BMMO, and the support battalion commander through
the transportation officer in the support battalion S2/S3
Other considerations for found and captured section. The brigade transportation officer plans and
materiel are — implements highway regulation for road network within
Report all enemy materiel through intelligence the brigade area of responsibility.
channels. The brigade transportation officer represents the
Report toxic agents to the NBC element in the brigade S4 on transportation matters. The BTO assists
S2/S3 section. the support battalion commander in controlling the
Report medical materiel through medical chan- transport resources assigned or attached to the brigade
nels. for logistics. He serves as the communications link be-
Require examination of explosives by EOD per- tween the brigade and the COSCOM MCC/MCT when
resources beyond the brigade’s capabilities are re-
sonnel. quired. He also provides broad guidance, policy, staff
TRANSPORTATION supervision, assistance to the support battalion in
The transportation system ensures that all required transportation matters.
personnel and supplies are delivered to the point of The transportation system requires flexibility and
need on time. To achieve this goal, several principles are efficiency. The system provides an uninterrupted flow
employed. of traffic and adjusts to changing situations. This prin-
One principle involves the consolidation of transpor- ciple ties into the centralized control concept since the
tation assets. Units are allocated only the assets that are focal point (transportation officer), who is aware of the
mission-essential. Other transportation resources are changing battlefield, is able to divert assets to the most
consolidated so that movement control elements can critical mission.

SECTION FUNCTIONS
COMPANY HEADQUARTERS The armorer and supply specialists assist the supply
The company headquarters maintains command and sergeant in the receipt, storage, security, and issue of
control over the S&T company. Headquarters person- unit supplies. The truckmaster dispatches vehicles in
nel provide unit-level administrative and supply support of the unit’s transportation operations. He as-
support. They also provide NBC operations training and sists the TMT platoon sergeant in planning and
assistance to the company and communications. The organizing cargo loading and driver training. He also
mortuary affairs NCO in the headquarters is the brigade monitors preparation of vehicle operational records.
point of contact for mortuary affairs activities. He plans, The unit supply update and FM 10-14 describe unit
organizes, supervises, and conducts mortuary affairs supply operations.
training for nonmortuary affairs personnel. Unit-level MAINTENANCE SECTION
mortuary affairs information is provided in FM 10-63-1. The maintenance section performs unit main-
The unit supply element supports the company with tenance for organic equipment of the S&T company.
certain supplies and TOE equipment. The supply ser- This includes maintenance for organic wheeled
geant directs and supervises internal supply operations. vehicles, trailers, generators, and MHE. This also includes

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 FM 63-1

maintenance for water purification equipment, fuel and water operations. He directs personnel to select
storage and handling equipment, and related support stock for issue. Personnel inspect Class I rations to
equipment. ensure proper content, quantity, and quality prior to
The maintenance section is set up in a sheltered distribution. The section chief supervises the receipt,
place. The site is located near the MSR. It has a good inspection, storage, breakdown, and issue of Class I and
road network into and out of the area. The site provides VI supplies.
good cover and concealment. It has an area large The section also operates up to two water supply
enough for some dispersion. As personnel get the main- points in the brigade AO. It provides purification and
tenance area set up, the maintenance supervisor plans issue of potable water. The section prepares supplies for
personnel shift assignments so that operations and limited air or ground distribution of potable water to
repair of wheeled vehicles can begin. brigade units or BMMC-directed locations. It uses
Maintenance management involves making sure that FAWPSS or tractor and trailer equipment for water
equipment is in constant readiness. It is the respon- distribution. The water section performs this mission in
sibility of each equipment operator to perform the ACR supply platoon.
preventive maintenance on his equipment each day it is Receipt, Storage, and Issue Section
operated. PM is the systematic care, inspection, and This section (HSB and SIB/TDB only) receives and
servicing of equipment. PM maintains equipment in a stores Class II, III (packaged), IV, and VII supplies. It
serviceable condition and prevents breakdown. It en- issues these supplies to supported brigade units. It per-
sures maximum operational readiness. forms salvage collection point operations for designated
Unit mechanics perform quarterly maintenance ser- supply items. It also maintains the reserve of supplies it
vices on the unit’s organic equipment. When they cannot handles.
make the repairs, they send the items to the maintenance Class I, II, III, IV, and VII Section
company of the support battalion.
This section (ACR only) receives, stores, and issues
SUPPLY PLATOON Class I, II, III (packaged), IV and VII supplies on a daily
The supply platoons of the HSB, SIB/TDB, and ACR basis to supported units of the regiment. It maintains the
include a platoon headquarters and an ammunition required reserve of supplies it handles. This section has
transfer point. The HSB and SIB/TDB also have a Class a mission similar to that of the receipt, storage, and issue
I and water section and a receipt, storage and issue section in the HSB and SIB/TDB. It also has a Class I
section. The ACR supply platoon has a Class I, II, III, mission like that of the Class I and water section of the
IV, and VII section and a water section. HSB and SIB/TDB.
The supply platoon provides Class I, II, III (pack- Ammunition Transfer Point
aged), IV and VII supplies, unclassified maps, and The ATP transloads ammunition from corps
water. The platoon operates an ATP for Class V trans- transportation to supported brigade units’ organic am-
loading. It maintains the brigade reserves of supplies in munition vehicles.
the classes for which it is responsible.
PETROLEUM PLATOON
Platoon Headquarters
The petroleum platoon operates the Class III supply
The platoon headquarters supervises, directs, and point where supported brigade units are issued bulk
manages the activities of the platoon’s sections. The fuel. It receives, stores, and issues bulk fuel. It provides
headquarters coordinates with supported units on the quality surveillance, delivery, and dispensing of bulk fuel
hours of operation, the schedule of issues, turn-in pro- in support of the brigade mission.
cedures, and salvage operations. Personnel keep track
of daily demands and conduct the inventory. Platoon Headquarters
Class I and Water Section The platoon headquarters plans, directs, and supervises
the operations of the petroleum supply and petroleum dis-
This section (HSB and SIB/TDB only) receives and tribution sections. Headquarters personnel provide status
stores Class I. It issues Class I supplies to supported report input to the BMMC for all on-hand and issued bulk
brigade units. The section chief supervises supply activities fuel. They provide reconnaissance and approval of site

8-7
FM 63-1

locations for fuel point operations. The headquarters is units for supplemental transportation. A selected
normally staffed with a platoon leader, platoon sergeant, number of the platoon assets normally assist the S&T
and petroleum lab sergeant. The petroleum lab sergeant company to displace.
supervises fuel inspections and analyses on petroleum The TMT truck squads vary within the separate brigade
products. These inspections and limited analyses deter- TMT platoons. For example, the HSB and ACR have two
mine whether petroleum products meet prescribed light cargo truck squads, a medium cargo truck squad, and
specifications. FM 10-72 gives the specific tests used for a HET truck squad. The SIB/TDB has a platoon that
petroleum products. consists of three light/medium cargo trucks squads.
Petroleum Supply Section TMT Platoon Headquarters
The petroleum supply section (HSB only) operates The headquarters plans, directs, and supervises opera-
bulk fuel storage and issue equipment at designated tions of the truck squads. It maintains operational control
petroleum supply locations. This section can set up and of platoon assets.
operate two sets of FSSP equipment. Corps tankers
deliver bulk fuels. The corps tankers off-load into col- Light Cargo Truck Squads
lapsible fabric tanks for temporary storage. Customer The light cargo truck squads (HSB and ACR) provide
unit vehicles receive bulk fuels from the FSSP. The the 5-ton cargo trucks for delivery of supplies. Each squad
section sets up remote filling station sites by employing provides truck transportation for movement of general
the FARE systems and associated 500-gallon drums. cargo and personnel by light truck. The trucks are used for
Petroleum Distribution Section local and line haul of troops and cargo. The squad per-
forms daily operator maintenance services and prepares
The distribution section (HSB and ACR) provides operator dispatch records.
limited fuel delivery and dispensing to brigade units
without organic fuel-carrying assets. The section also Medium Cargo Truck Squad
directly dispenses Class III to supported units’ organic This squad (HSB and ACR) provides 5-ton tractors
fuel dispensing vehicles. The section establishes and with 22 l/2-ton stake and platform semitrailers. It provides
operates two mobile roadside filling stations. The sec- for movement of containerized cargo and palletized load
tion uses bulk fuel haulers to accomplish the assigned packages. It also provides for movement of medium sized
mission. For delivery of bulk fuel see FM 10-69. and weight equipment, supplies, or vehicles.
Petroleum Supply and Distribution Section Light/Medium Cargo Truck Squads
This section (SIB/TDB only) operates bulk Class III The SIB/TDB has three light/medium cargo truck
storage and issue equipment at designated petroleum squads. The light trucks provide light vehicle support for
supply locations. The section uses FSSP equipment for delivery of supplies, light cargo, or personnel. The medium
primary brigade bulk Class III storage and issue. It also vehicles provide movement of containerized cargo, pal-
uses FARE for forward deployed fixed filling station letized load packages, medium sized and weight
operations. equipment, supplies, or vehicles.
TRANSPORTATION MOTOR TRANSPORT Heavy Equipment Transporter Truck Squad
PLATOON HETs move heavy or outsized cargo and vehicles such
TMT assets provide the brigade the ability to relocate as tanks, howitzers, and personnel carriers. The HSB and
itself and distribute supplies. The TMT platoon ACR use HET assets in support of operational and
provides vehicle and drivers to support directed unit tactical mobility. HETs move heavy armored forces with
distribution of supplies. TMT assets also provide slice elements from corps to brigade areas as far forward
capabilities to transport water. The platoon transports as METT-T factors permit. HETs also reduce main-
other cargo (including personnel) as mission assign- tenance work load due to fewer systems breakdown en
ments designated by the support battalion transportation route. Weapon systems are functional and crews are
officer. It also evacuates disabled tanks and similar rested and prepared to fight.
heavy, outsized vehicles. The platoon provides emergen-
cy unit distribution of Class V supplies. The TMT platoon The support battalion users HETs to support evacuation
vehicles and driver assets may be task assigned to brigade and replacement of heavy weapon systems (tanks, artil-
lery pieces, personnel carriers). Evacuation normally
8-8
 FM 63-1

starts at the UMCP and terminates at the main- Two personnel, one driver and one assistant driver,
tenance facility with the capacity to repair the vehicle. constitute a HET vehicle operating team.

SUPPLY OPERATIONS
Supply operating procedures are generally the to ensure all necessary steps are taken to supply items
same in all separate brigades and are normally con- which are used either sparingly or not at all during
tained in SOPs. In mobile situations, the separate peacetime. The brigade chemical officer provides
brigade maintains only those supply levels needed to planning assistance through G4 channels for chemi-
support operations until additional supplies are cal items. Items to consider include –
delivered. These include small stocks of reserve sup- Chemical filters.
plies used during interruptions in supply schedules. Human remains pouches and other mortuary
In static situations, sufficient supplies for several
days’ consumption are stocked in the brigade area to affairs supplies.
free transportation for other purposes. In all situa- Cargo sling sets.
tions, suppliers exercise caution to ensure that Batteries.
on-hand stocks do not reach the level that would MOPP gear.
impede brigade mobility. The corps prescribes the
levels of supply carried by the separate brigades. Class VI.
Wire.
The S&T company commander, working with the
S2/S3 section in the support battalion (support opera- Fog oil.
tions in the ACR), focuses his attention on the supply Chemical decontaminants.
requirements of units in the brigade AO. In addition The brigade commander, support battalion com-
to following the priorities established by the com- mander, and BMMC work out procedures for
mander, the following are factors that affect command-regulated items. They often designate ex-
requirements: pensive, highly technical, or scarce items in the
• Tactical plans. OPORD as command regulated. Commanders ap-
• Environment and terrain. prove issue of these items. However, this does not
necessarily mean commanders approve each individual
• Demand data and previous experience. request. The brigade commander authorizes the
• Troop strength. BMMC to release items on the basis of support
• Equipment densities. priorities specified in the OPORD. The commander
• Distance factors. also places additional limitations on issue of items if he
desires. This often includes setting quantities of critical
Supply planners track the tactical situation as well items authorized to be issued to each unit in accordance
as casualties and equipment destroyed or in repair. with the support priorities. Requests from a unit may
This allows them to take necessary actions (such as exceed its authorized quantity. If so, the unit has to go
requesting additional transportation or critical sup- through command channels to get its authorization
plies) without having to wait for unit requests. It also changed. In any case the S2/S3 section ensures proce-
enables them to reorganize supply elements. This in- dures are established in advance.
volves shifting assets from one supply point to another
(for example, from the Class II/III (packaged)/IV/VII CLASS I
point to the ATP) to meet surge requirements. They The support battalion issues rations according to the
also request reinforcing support to meet the most theater command policy. The Army field feeding
critical requirements. In such cases, they may receive standard is three quality meals per day. Initially,
assets from the COSCOM to overcome critical units in the brigade area eat MREs and T Rations
shortfalls. Planners coordinate with the BMMC to which are replenished as soon as supply lines are
ensure that anticipated supply requirements are established. Theater commanders introduce A and B
provided. Planners also coordinate with the BMMC Rations when the tactical situation permits.

8-9
FM 63-1

At the outset of hostilities, the COSCOM auto- from personnel strength data. The flow of personnel
matically pushes rations to the brigade. The strength data as it pertains to scheduled supply and flow
COSCOM MMC bases the quantity on strength figures of Class I supplies is shown in Figure 8-4.
provided by the brigade S1. Transition to a pull system As the situation stabilizes even further and A and B
takes place as soon as tactically feasible. As the situa- Rations are available, units of the brigade submit ration
tion stabilizes, the BMMC prepares Class I requisitions requests. Usually, the S&T company Class I and water

8-10
 FM 63-1

section consolidates these requests. This section passes WATER

the request to the BMMC. The BMMC converts the The S&T company operates up to two water purifica-
request to line item requisitions and sends them to the tion and supply points. When water sources permit,
COSCOM MMC. This generates regular ration delivery water points are set up in the BSA. Using units normally
by COSCOM units to the BSA. pick up water using their organic water containers. FM
Personnel at the BSA Class I point unload the ship- 10-52 has more information on field water supply.
ment. They inspect it for type, number, and condition COSCOM transportation delivers water to desig-
before signing for it. At the same time, personnel break nated brigade water distribution points. This is done
down the shipment for issue to supported units. Class I when a water source is not available to the brigade. This
personnel prepare copies of the unit issue document. is also done when the mission necessitates supplemen-
When supply point distribution is used, supported tation of organic S&T company water capabilities. The
units use organic transportation to pickup Class I sup- Class I and water section with transportation assistance
plies. The brigade S4 and the supply company provides limited water distribution to brigade unit loca-
commander coordinate a schedule for pickup of issues. tions. Transportation assistance includes both air and
When units arrive to pickup their rations, they check in ground water delivery/dispensing assets. The S&T com-
at a control point. Class I personnel ensure that the unit pany, using TMT vehicles, distributes water on a limited
is an authorized customer. Class I personnel also ensure basis using the 500-gallon drums of the FAWPSS.
the unit representatives are authorized to draw rations. CLASS II, III (PACKAGED), IV, AND VII
Units pick up rations according to one of the following
methods: The support battalion supply platoon provides Class
II, III (packaged), IV, and VII supplies, with the excep-
• Truck to truck. Personnel transfer supplies directly tion of COMSEC materiel. Corps signal channels
from the corps vehicle to the supported unit provide COMSEC materiel. Supply platoon facilities
vehicle. This is the preferred method because it for these classes of supply include small holding areas
saves time, labor, and handling. This method also in the BSA.
keeps supplies under cover and increases mobility.
However, it ties up the vehicle from the corps. Class II
Also, unless the arrival of supported unit vehicles The supply platoon provides selected Class II sup-
is timed perfectly, it could cause traffic congestion. plies automatically to brigade units. The unit requests
• Item pile. This method requires that all stocks be and the BMMC requisitions other Class II items. COS-
unloaded and separated on the ground, on dun- COM units deliver Class II supplies to the BSA supply
nage, according to like items. Customer units pass point. The COSCOM units may also deliver directly to
each of the different piles and load the quantity the requesting unit. Direct distribution occurs when
they are authorized. The supply point uses the item most of the transportation carrier capacity is for a
pile method when Class I personnel are limited on specific unit. The TMT platoon uses its own assets to
time or short personnel. assist in unit distribution of fast-moving items. The
• Unit pile. This method is similar to the item pile. demand for each of these supplies is unpredictable and
The only difference is that the customer only has highly variable. The S&T company maintains a limited
to stop once. Class I personnel off-load all stocks Class II ASL. The Class II ASL consists only of items
from carriers and break them down according to necessary for combat operations. These items include
unit issue slips. Units enter the Class I point, find MOPP gear, individual equipment, and limited special
their designated area, and pick up their rations. tools.
In the separate brigades, personnel issue Class VI Personnel issue Class II items individually or in lots
supplies with Class I supplies, usually as gratuitous is- to speed up receipt and issue time. Personnel in the GS
sues. Also, the separate brigade maintains levels of Class supply company configure these lots to support a
I reserves as prescribed by the corps commander. The specific number of troops. Intense combat operations in
basic load for Class I is normally a three-day supply of an NBC environment increase the demand for Class II
MREs. Personnel preserve the basic load for use when items. Supply personnel arrange for scheduled resupply
the enemy situation prohibits daily resupply of Class I. of protective overgarments and other NBC-related
items and equipment.
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 FM 63-1

Packaged Class III equipment. The vehicle is fueled and basic issue items
The support battalion personnel requisition, receive, are aboard. There is no ammunition and no crew
and issue packaged Class III supplies like Class II and provided. The corps delivers all other Class VII items to
IV items. They include packaged products such as the S&T company. Units pick the item up at the S&T
lubricants, greases, and hydraulic fluids. They also in- company location.
clude solvents in containers of 55 gallons or less and If the Class VII item is a critical weapon system such
cylinders of liquid and compressed gases. FM 10-69 as a tank, the brigade intensively manages the replace-
describes the receipt, storage, and issue of packaged ment. The brigade commander designates critical
petroleum products. AR 710-2 has guidance on prepar- systems. For these systems, Class VII supply and person-
ing paperwork. nel replacement operations are integrated to issue
Class IV ready-to-fight systems to units. A ready-to-fight system
is a ready-for-issue weapon system to which a crew and
Class IV supplies consist of construction and barrier ammunition are added, and the weapon is foresighted.
materials. Because of the bulk of these materials, the Managing weapon systems is the most efficient way to
S&T company handles limited quantities. COSCOM accomplish allocation of limited amounts of replace-
units store and maintain the majority of Class IV sup- ment combat vehicles and personnel.
plies. Whenever possible, COSCOM units throughput
engineer construction material and intensively managed The support battalion commander designates a
barrier material to the engineer unit, the construction weapon system manager within the BMMC for each
site, or the maneuver battalion combat trains. weapon system designated by the brigade commander.
The appropriate sections within the BMMC and a per-
The S&T company has the capability to handle sonnel manager from the S1/AG element of the brigade
limited quantities of survivability items – Class IV (A). keep the WSM advised of the status of weapon system
These are items that are emplaced by any unit. These assets. They also execute instructions from the WSM.
items include such common items as sandbags, concer-
tina wire, and fence posts. Supply personnel process the The link-up point of the item with its crew maybe in
requests for survivability items the same as for Class II the BSA at the S&T company Class VII assembly area.
items. Supported units obtain Class IV (A) items from The WSM instructs the S1/AG element to send a
the Class II, III (packaged), IV, and VII supply point. specified number of combat vehicle crews to the S&T
The receipt, storage, and issue section of the S&T com- company Class VII assembly area at specific times.
pany prepares limited Class IV (A) supplies for The S&T company personnel direct the crew to a
transport and delivery to forward brigade units. specific weapon system. The crew stows the basic issue
Class VII items, checks external and internal communications,
and foresights, testfires, or zeroes the weapons.
The BMMC intensively manages command control-
led Class VII items. Class VII replacements initiate with The WSM closely coordinates with the maintenance
combat losses reported through command channels to management officer of the BMMC. Together, they verify
the brigade S3 and S4. The battalion S4 also sends a the status of combat vehicles being repaired in DS main-
summary report of Class VII status periodically to the tenance. Replacement crew members could join a
support battalion S2/S3 section. The support battalion combat vehicle at the maintenance site and assist in
S2/S3 coordinates with the BMMC. The BMMC sub- expediting maintenance. COSCOM assumes the link-up
mits requests to the COSCOM MMC. The brigade responsibility in the event the tactical situation prevents
commander remains apprised of the operational status linkup in the BSA. Personnel form complete weapon
of subordinate commands and directs the distribution systems at COSCOM and travel from corps to the
of items to those units having the most critical need. brigade, preferably by rail or HET
Corps transportation delivers rolling stock Class VII The WSM coordinates the movement of weapon
items to the S&T company or supported units in a systems from the BSA to the battalion trains. Personnel
ready-for-issue condition. A ready-for-issue item is one move the weapon systems under their own power or
that has been removed from its previous condition of transport them on HETs. The S&T company sends the
preservation for shipment or storage and made mechani- weapon systems forward as part of the LOGPAC or
cally operable. Corps personnel install all ancillary separately to the supported unit.
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 FM 63-1

Request and Supply Flows DMMC of the issue. Items that are command regulated
Supported units submit requests for Class II, III require approval before they are issued. The supply
(packaged), IV and VII to the supply platoon. If the platoon consolidates and sends to the BMMC requests
supplies are on hand, supply personnel issue them to the for items that are not on hand. The BMMC requisitions
requestor. Once issued, the supply point notifies the the supplies from the COSCOM MMC. Figure 8-5
shows the flow of Class II, III (packaged), IV, and VII
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FM 63-1

supplies. The COSCOM MMC directs a GS unit to fuel. Most brigade units receive bulk fuel by supply point
forward supplies to the BSA supply point. distribution to units’ organic fuel-holding and issue
When items arrive, receiving personnel verify quan- vehicles. The supply platoon maintains accountability
tities and condition. They also verify item description and provides quality surveillance. Figure 8-6 depicts the
and marking of items received against shipping docu- flow of bulk fuels. AR 710-2 has guidance for supply and
ments. Supply personnel process supplies by priority accounting procedures for bulk fuel. For additional
designation. They code items for a specific unit and put details on petroleum supply in theaters of operations,
the items directly into the unit’s vehicle. They use the see FM 10-67.
truck-to-truck method whenever possible. Otherwise, Bulk Refuel
they put the items in unit piles or item piles, or park them FM 10-71 describes in detail fuel transfer operations.
in the Class VII yard. They place other items into storage Truck tractor drivers drop off a full semitrailer at the S&T
in locations assigned by the BMMC or the supply com- company and pick up an empty one. Such trailer transfers
pany headquarters based on the established stock save time but make it harder to keep track of the trailers.
locator system. Therefore, it is important that the support battalion and
The supply point normally uses supply point distribu- corps coordinate schedules to ensure empty S&T com-
tion to issue Class II, III (packaged), IV, and VII supplies pany tankers are on hand when resupply tankers arrive.
to supported units. The supply point uses unit distribu- Another option is to transfer the fuel from the corps tanker
tion to distribute supplies when the tactical situation to the support battalion tanker. This option may actually
permits and transportation assets are available. In some be faster if extensive camouflage is required. In either case,
cases, when the tactical situation permits and transload supply personnel sign receipt documents for the amount
or emplacement sites are near the BSA, the ATP uses and type of fuel received. They post quantities received to
MHE to assist in handling Class IV supply. Supply point the stockage record and use it to update the daily status
personnel sign all issue documents. They send them to report. They also abstract receipts daily to the monthly
the BMMC along with the transportation and shipping abstract of issues.
documents. The S&T company provides limited bulk fuel
Additional information on Class II, IV, and VII items delivery. It issues to brigade units without organic
is in FM 10-27. Information on supply of packaged Class fuel-carrying assets. It also provides limited refueling
III is in FM 10-69. support to supported units organic fuel-dispensing
MAPS vehicles and in some cases, to maneuver vehicles. One
technique which works in the field involves the use of
Requisitions for unclassified maps follow the same S&T company tankers in combination with maneuver
flow as those for Class II, III (packaged), and IV sup- battalion HEMTTs or TPUs. One tanker deploys with
plies. Supply personnel store them in the receipt, two TPUs or HEMTTs to form a refueling module that
storage, and issue section. They issue maps through can service four combat vehicles at a time. Up to six
supply point distribution to supported units. This is modules can be set up together to service a task-or-
done in accordance with established tables of allowan- ganized company team if sufficient tankers are available
ces or to fill special requirements. The S2 channels and the tactical situation permits. Such a site can service
handle classified maps. up to 24 vehicles at a time. Refuel sites may also be set
BULK FUEL up in a split-site configuration to stagger march ele-
ments and reduce traffic congestion. The maneuver
The S4 of the supported brigade in coordination with battalion, which is familiar with the area, is respon-
the battalion S4s submits a forecast for bulk fuel require- sible for site selection and security. The battalion S4
ments of all brigade units to the BMMC. The BMMC coordinates with the S&T company on where and when
uses these forecasts and status reports to compute bulk the refueling operation is and how much fuel is required.
requirements for the brigade. The BMMC forwards the The primary benefit of this technique is speed. It takes
requirements to the COSCOM MMC. The COSCOM five minutes for the S&T company tanker driver and
MMC coordinates the delivery of bulk fuel to the Class assistant driver to deploy one section of a 50-foot
III supply point. Corps fuel tankers, railway tank cars, hoseline to the T-valve, start the pony engine, and
barges, pipelines or flexible hoselines deliver bulk fuel. prepare to pump into the TPUs or HEMTTs. The other
The S&T company maintains a mission supply of all bulk
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 FM 63-1

advantage of this system is that the S&T company sup- perform ROM during the following activities:
ports it with no additional equipment authorizations. • Road march.
RefueI-On-The-Move • Entry to an assembly area.
The purpose of ROM operations is to ensure that all • Delaying action.
combat vehicle and fuel-servicing vehicle fuel tanks are • Passage of lines (forward and rearward).
topped off prior to arriving at the unit’s tactical assembly
area. ROM supports long distance movements by units. The support battalion uses ROM for unit vehicles,
It provides units a “burst” of fuel in order to quickly fill allowing those organization refuelers to stay topped off.
vehicles prior to beginning offensive or retrograde The brigade S4 calculates the unit’s fuel requirement.
operations. The capability to rapidly refuel combat He analyzes, in conjunction with the support battalion
vehicles without disrupting movement is the key to the S3 (RSS support operations officer), the brigade
agility of the separate brigade and battalions. commander’s intent and the factors of METT-T to
determine the type of ROM operation. A unit moves to
As the ROM name implies, the ROM assembly is a ROM point and receives fuel for the amount of time
used while units are moving or ready to move. Personnel
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FM 63-1

dictated by that calculation. The unit then leaves as a tasks the DISCOM units (FSB/MSB) to provide refuel
unit. ROM provides a method for refueling several assets to the support battalion conducting the ROM.
vehicles at one time. It also increases a unit’s combat The DISCOM support operations officer can request
effectiveness by allowing its refueler to stay topped off support from the COSCOM if required and available. If
as the unit is committed to action. the brigade is operating independently, it may directly
The commander of the S&T company is the ROM request COSCOM help to conduct a ROM operation.
site commander. He notifies the petroleum platoon of More information on ROM procedures is in FM 10-71.
the upcoming ROM mission. The technique used by the FM 10-71 also lists NSNs for components in a ROM kit.
support battalion to refuel as part of a separate brigade Aviation Class III
movement depends on several key factors:
Regimental units requiring aviation Class III sup-
Number of routes. port use their organic tankers for Class IIIA (air, bulk
Proximity to the enemy and threat situation. fuel) supply of their respective units. The S&T troop
Number of battalions to be refueled at one time. provides assets to assist in Class IIIA resupply. This
may be done by allocating tankers to the RAS field
The S&T company commander prepares for the trains or by handling aviation fuel itself.
ROM mission in the following way:
Ensures all equipment is complete, operational, The COSCOM provides all resupply of aviation fuel
and ready for movement to the ROM site. for regimental aviation assets in the regimental aviation
squadron. COSCOM delivers fuel to the S&T troop or
Provides number of vehicles, nomenclature, and the RAS field trains. The RAS uses organic vehicles
model to support battalion S4 for march credits, as from the Class III/V platoon to receive aircraft fuel at
required. the S&T troop supply point, the RAS trains, or a trans-
Ensures the ROM site is properly setup and ready loading site near a FARP. Those organic vehicles refuel
to conduct daytime and nighttime refueling opera- aircraft at the FARPs. If tactically possible and air
tions. delivery systems are available, the COSCOM delivers
Ensures the soldiers in the petroleum platoon are collapsible drums direct to the using units.
fully trained and briefed on the safe and efficient CLASS V
conduct of all aspects of ROM operations. The separate brigade ATP support concept works
Ensures the site is properly cleared after comple- similarly to the division ATPs. The brigade does not nor-
tion of the ROM mission. mally maintain a reserve of Class V supply. Other than that
Provides bulk refuel of supported battalion ammunition specified for an ATP, the only ammunition
tankers, if unit tankers are used to conduct the maintained in the brigade is what brigade units are
ROM mission. The bulk refuel takes place at a carrying with them. In some tactical operations, a
different location than the ROM site as designated brigade may be authorized to preposition ammunition
by the brigade S4. for future use. This is done so that the brigade can begin
The support battalion provides security and traffic a subsequent operation with the ammunition it requires.
control for the ROM site. The 5000-gallon tanker The S&T company operates an ATP in the BSA.
ROMs are the standard for ROM operations. However, Personnel transload ammunition from corps transporta-
this does not preclude units from using HEMTTs or tion assets to supported unit vehicles. The S&T
TPUs for ROM missions. Units analyze their refuel company also provides limited, emergency Class V dis-
requirements in accordance with METT-T to determine tribution to brigade units.
the best way to support their mission. The brigade ammunition officer (in the BMMC) is
If the brigade is operating with a division, the the approval/authenticating authority. The BAO deter-
DISCOM support operations officer receives addition- mines the quantity of ammunition to be supplied to the
al support requirements, if any, from the support brigade units. He bases this on planned operations, the
battalion conducting the ROM. The DISCOM support current CSR, and the RSR received from the brigade
operations officer coordinates ROM support require- S4. Each battalion S4 transmits ammunition requirements
ments with the DMMC. The DISCOM commander for organic and attached units through the brigade S4 to

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 FM 63-1

the BAO at the BMMC. The BAO ensures that require- the BAO representative and battalion S4s to establish a
ments do not exceed the CSR. The BAO submits Class schedule for pickup. When supported units show up at
V requirements to the COSCOM MMC. Brigade units the ATP, they have an approved/authenticated Class V
submit their Class V requirements through the SAAS- requirements document. Personnel at the COSCOM
DAO system for resupply. ASP issue nonroutine items or those unavailable at the
When Class V supplies arrive at the brigade ATP, the ATP directly to brigade unit vehicles.
BAO representative inspects and inventories the ship- Class V operations are MHE intensive. Personnel use
ment. If a discrepancy exists on a document, the BAO both ATP MHE and MHE on board supported unit
representative adjusts the document and informs the vehicles to transload ammunition from the corps transpor-
BAO. tation assets to unit vehicles. Signed receipt documents are
The ATP NCOIC assigns a location in the ATP where forwarded to the BMMC. Supported units reorganize or,
the trailer is stationed to await the arrival of the receiving if necessary, reconfigure the ammunition they pickup at
unit. Trailers should be 50 to 100 feet apart depending on the ATP for further delivery forward to rearm points. The
the terrain. The normal sources of ATP resupply are the S&T troop should also have air assault trained personnel
corps storage areas and ASPs. and necessary equipment for sling-loading operations of
the assault helicopter troop. FM 9-6 has additional details
Brigade units pick up their Class V materiel from the on Class V supply. Figure 8-7 depicts the flow of Class V
brigade ATP. The brigade S4 coordinates with the BAO or supplies to the brigade.

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FM 63-1

TRANSPORTATION OPERATIONS
Transportation planning is determining what must transportation support to the BTO. The BTO searches
be moved, where and when it must be moved, and the for compatible and available transport assets within the
best way to move it. Proper transportation planning brigade to satisfy the request. If this search does not
ensures the timely delivery to planned destinations. produce sufficient transport capability, the request is
Within the separate brigade there are several of- forwarded to the supporting MCT or COSCOM MCC.
ficers who deal directly with transportation. They Normally, the BTO forwards only requests of an excep-
coordinate closely to ensure that transportation as- tional nature (for example, major buildups requiring
sets are put to optimum use. The brigade S3 plans the transportation companies) to the corps MCC. Other-
operations of the brigade and recommends to the wise, the BTO passes the requests to the supporting
commander operational priorities for transportation. MCT. See Figure 8-8.
The brigade S4 has staff responsibility for transporta- The COSCOM gives additional help in moving heavy
tion and plans the use of transportation for CSS. The equipment or displacing heavy forces in either a tactical
brigade transportation officer is the principal transpor- or operational mobility role. HET companies are as-
tation planner and coordinator of the brigade. signed to the COSCOM and may be attached to a
METHOD OF OPERATIONS forward CSG. They maybe employed as companies or
platoons. Although the HETs may support any mission
The support battalion transportation officer works requirements of the brigade, the companies are par-
for the support battalion S2/S3. This officer plans and ticularly useful in giving the COSCOM the capability of
controls the assignment of transportation missions to supporting requirements of the separate brigade when
the S&T company. In so doing, he maintains centralized the brigade or elements of it have to move over a long
control of the battalion’s transportation assets. He coor- distance. Using the HET to move heavy armored forces
dinates priorities with the brigade transportation officer achieves the following advantages:
and with the BMMO in the support battalion. To the
extent practicable, the support battalion transportation • Enhances readiness.
officer makes every transportation dispatch serve two • Rests crew.
purposes. For example, trucks transport supplies for- • Reduces fuel requirements en route.
ward to supported units. On the return trip, they bring • Reduces maintenance requirements en route.
back damaged and captured equipment, salvage,
prisoners of war, and human remains. Therefore, units arrive at their destination at a high
state of operational readiness prepared to fight and with
The support battalion transportation officer (MCO reduced vehicle life cycle cost.
in the support squadron) controls the use of organic
transportation assets in the support battalion. The sup- CARGO VEHICLES
port battalion transportation officer, based on guidance Vehicles authorized for motor transport vary in type,
and tactical priorities from the BTO, determines the design, and capabilities. The TMT platoon provides spool
appropriate mode to use for specific movement missions. of cargo vehicles which are employed daily to support
The coordination between the battalion transportation brigade operations. Personnel use the 5-ton cargo vehicles
officer and the BTO ensures that transport equipment and the container/break-bulk transport semitrailer com-
needed for a given mission is in the correct location on binations primarily in a cargo or equipment transport role.
time. This prior coordination reduces transportation The platoon provides truck transportation for downed
delays and increases transport asset use. This also en- aircraft evacuation (RAS in the ACR). The 5-ton cargo
sures that receiving and unloading capabilities of vehicles also provide transportation of troops. The semi-
consignees are not exceeded. trailer combinations are used in a troop transport role only
The support battalion transportation officer provides in emergency situations.
committal authority. He sends a TMR to task the S&T The HET semitrailer, low-bed transports the main
TMT platoon to provide support to the supported unit. battle tank, other tracked or heavy wheeled vehicles, or
If the support battalion is unable to provide the required heavy and outsized cargo items. The 5-ton cargo trucks
transportation support, the support battalion transpor- with mounted tank and pump units provide POL resupply
tation officer forwards the requests for additional for the TMT platoon.
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 FM 63-1

The drivers in each squad operate assigned vehicles Movement requirements in the brigade area place a
in accordance with daily dispatch orders. They observe severe burden on the traffic and tonnage capabilities of
rules and regulations governing vehicle operations, the roads. Movement control is carried out by use of
safety practices, and rules of the road. They complete convoy clearances and the highway traffic plan. This plan
daily operational records, perform required operator is a combination of SOPs, directives, regulations, and
maintenance services, and assist unit personnel in per- overlays concerning control of the road net.
forming unit maintenance on assigned vehicles. Convoys are broken down into serials and march
More information on brigade transportation opera- units. Some factors considered when planning for a con-
tions for the TMT platoon is in FM 55-30. voy operation are —
CONVOY MOVEMENT • Map/route reconnaissance.
The motor transport mission determines the plan- • Start and release points.
ning process on how the convoy is to be organized and • Halts.
controlled. Details on convoys appear in FM 55-30. • Security.

8-19
FM 63-1

• Fire support and coordination. of supplies with the the BMMC. If the support battalion
• Convoy organization. transportation officer determines that air transporation
• Feeding the troops. is appropriate, he passes a request through the BTO
(MCO in the ACR).
• Refueling vehicles.
In the ACR, the assault helicopter troop provides CSS
AIR TRANSPORT within the priorities set by the ACR commander. For
Air transport includes all methods of transporting example, it may deliver fuel from the S&T troop Class III
materiel and personnel by air. Planners integrate avail- point to squadron trains, troop trains, or direct to the
able Army aircraft into the support plan. The ACR has refuel site. Air transport requests that are beyond the
aircraft that may perform CSS missions. The separate capability of the assault helicopter troop are sent by the
brigades depend on external resources for their air MCO to the corps MCC. In the HSB and SIB/TDB, the
transport needs. BTO submits all air transport requests to the corps MCC.
Army aircraft support includes airlift support for the The corps MCC tasks the corps aviation units with the
following functions: mission. If the mission is beyond the capability of the
corps aviation unit or if airdrop or air landing of the cargo
• Logistics-over-the-shore operations. would better meet the requirement, a request for Air
• Movement of critical, high-priority Class IX items. Force support is initiated. In this joint operation, supplies
• Retrograde of reparable. and equipment to be transported, ground transportation
to move them, parachutes and air items used in rigging
• Propositioning of fuel and ammunition. of loads, and ground personnel supporting the operation
• Movement of maintenance contact teams. are Army responsibilities.
• Movement of low-density/high-cost munitions. Emergency requests pass through supply or transpor-
The Army uses air assets for the above functions when tation channels the same as routine requests. However,
time, distance, situation, or the condition of roads inhibit requests are also passed simultaneously through com-
ground transportation. mand channels from the user to the corps G3. The corps
G3 approves emergency requests and tasks the aviation
Air Transportation Requirements brigade to perform the mission. At the same time, the
Air transportation request procedures are respon- brigade S4 and support battalion staff coordinate with
sive and flexible to provide for rapidly changing the BMMC for resupply missions so the S&T company
situations. Planners direct efforts toward optimal use can begin to prepare the shipment. Prerigged loads of
of these scarce and vital assets. Each level of command standard resupply packages stored at corps level reduce
validates transportation requests. Validation is the response time for emergency air resupply. More details
user’s review of the feasibility of the request. Transpor- on requests for air transport are in FM 100-27.
tation requests are considered valid if forwarded to Pickup and Landing Zones
the next echelon for subsequent validation or to the
mode operator for execution. Selection and control of pickup and landing zones
are extremely important. Pickup zone selection and con-
Air resupply missions are categorized as preplanned trol are the responsibility of the supported unit, the unit
and emergency. Preplanned missions make up the which requests the mission. That unit may be the S&T
routine air transport requirements. Emergency air company of the support battalion. The receiving unit,
movements are critical to the accomplishment of the which is having the cargo delivered to it, is responsible
tactical mission or the survival of a unit. for landing zone selection and control.
Requirements for air transportation normally originate As a general rule, pickup and landing zones provide
as requests for transportation or resupply support. for 30 meters separation between utility aircraft and 40
Brigade units request transportation support from the meters between cargo aircraft. They have no obstruc-
support battalion transportation officer and supplies tions such as tree stumps, bushes, or man-made objects
from the battalion DS supply elements. The support that could damage the helicopter rotor systems, or the load
battalion DS supply elements transmit supply re- itself. The number of aircraft using a zone at one time is
quests they cannot fill to the BMMC. The support considered along with its use after dark.
battalion transportation officer coordinates movement
8-20
 FM 63-1

If night resupply is scheduled, a larger area is normally unanticipated, urgent, or priority requirements. Coor-
needed. The surface condition should be solid enough to dination with logistics elements is made at each echelon
prevent a helicopter or load from bogging down. Blowing if time permits.
dust, sand, gravel, or loose debris injures people and The brigade unit receiving airdrop resupply is respon-
damages equipment or aircraft. If the site has a slope of sible for the following:
15 degrees or more, a helicopter cannot land. Also, when
carrying an external load, a helicopter cannot rise • Selecting, marking, and securing the drop zone.
straight up or come straight down. The avenue of ap- • Ensuring no unsafe conditions exist on the drop zone
proach and departure are over the lowest obstacle in the during the airdrop operation.
direction of the prevailing winds. Helicopters operate in • Recovering the supplies/equipment provided by
a crosswind or tail wind of up to 15 knots. airdrop.
Airdrop Resupply • Recovering and evacuating airdrop equipment used
Airdrop support units are allocated to the corps and in the airdrop, if time permits.
theater. As a rule, airdrop of supplies and equipment In the absence of an Air Force combat control team the
is a joint operation of the Air Force and Army or other unit receiving the airdrop resupply support is required to
user, such as the Marine Corps. Airdrop resupply perform the CCT function.
missions are classified as either preplanned or immedi-
ate. Preplanned missions are considered for routine More details on airdrop resupply are found in FMs
type requirements. Immediate missions result from 10-500-1 and 100-27.

FIELD SERVICES OPERATIONS

A DS field services company provides CEB, laundry personnel recovering the remains have completed a DD
and renovation support to the separate brigade during Form 565 or a similar statement by two sources, if pos-
combat operations. A corps collection company sible. In all cases MA personnel complete a DD Form 1380.
provides forward collection platoons for mortuary af- Then MA personnel evacuate the remains from the BSA
fairs operations. to an intermediate MA collection point or temporary military
MORTUARY AFFAIRS cemetery in the corps area. Personnel use helicopters and
All commanders make certain that units under their backhaul transportation (except for Class I vehicles and
command perform unit-level mortuary affairs. Each unit medical evacuation) to evacuate remains. Personnel always
searches for, recovers, identifies, and evacuates its own cover and screen from sight the remains.
remains. The support battalion has one mortuary affairs MA personnel require authorization to perform emer-
trained soldier in the S&T company. He is available to gency burials, if the number of fatalities occurring makes
train brigade personnel in unit mortuary affairs respon- evacuation of remains impossible. MA personnel notify
sibilities in the handling of personal effects and headquarters as to the number of remains, location, and
remains, as well as what forms they need to complete. reasons evacuation cannot be accomplished. In such cases,
Unit-level MA responsibilities are detailed in FM 10-63-1. MA personnel use authorized emergency war burial proce-
In the initial stages of hostilities, the battalion com- dures.
mander pulls personnel from other duties to operate a Personnel handle all remains found in a contaminated
collection point. The mortuary affairs NCO is normally area as if contaminated. They attach NBC tags to con-
given the duty of chief of the collection point until the corps taminated remains. If NBC tags are not available,
MA unit sets up collection points. A corps forward collec- personnel attach a tag with a large “C” written on it to
tion platoon sets up collection points in the BSA. Whether each contaminated remains. Personnel handling con-
the support battalion or corps collection platoon operates taminated remains maintain an adequate level of
the collection point in the BSA, all brigade elements individual protection. They keep contaminated remains
recover remains to that point. Each point has personnel separate from uncontaminated remains.
who receive remains and inventory personal effects and Due to the possibility of mass fatalities in an NBC
make initial identification. MA personnel ensure that attack, normal mortuary affairs methods are not feasible.
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FM 63-1

Personnel do not evacuate contaminated remains unless The S&T company establishes a salvage collection
they can be thoroughly decontaminated and checked by point. This normally is in or near a maintenance collec-
NBC personnel. In extreme cases, contaminated tion point. The salvage collection point irresponsible for
remains may require mass burials. MA personnel make items for which the maintenance company does not have
requests through command channels. Permission for maintenance responsibility. Personnel collect, classify,
mass burials comes from the joint central MA officer in and dispose of salvage materials. The users or finders
the theater after approval from the theater commander. deliver their salvage to the salvage collection points.
CLOTHING EXCHANGE AND BATH Salvage includes items that are discarded, captured,
uneconomically reparable, condemned, abandoned,
CEB teams may establish and operate two CEB and scrap. The salvage collection point does not handle
facilities at sites in the brigade. They maintain stocks of toxic agents, radioactive materiels, ammunition and ex-
clothing to exchange with bathers. They also coordinate plosives, and COMSEC and medical supplies.
the delivery and laundering of soiled clothing and pick
up clean clothing from the supporting laundry. (A When receiving material, the salvage point performs
corps field service company provides laundry and the following functions:
renovation services to the separate brigade.) • Check the item and its condition against the infor-
The CEB point provides showers from portable bath mation shown on the turn-in documentation.
units, delousing service, and exchange of soiled cloth- • Classify items as serviceable or unserviceable.
ing for laundered clothing. CEB personnel maintain • Segregate items turned in as serviceable, reparable,
records and prepare daily, weekly, or monthly reports or scrap. Serviceable items are protected from the
for CEB activities. They give each supported unit a elements as much as possible.
scheduled time for baths so that services are provided
in an orderly manner. Supported units assign soldiers The salvage point disposes of items based on
to guard valuables and assist with clothing exchange. guidance received from the BMMC. The brigade intel-
More information on CEB operations is in FM 10-280. ligence officer provides disposition instructions for
foreign or captured materials. Normally, salvage per-
SALVAGE sonnel send reparable items to the maintenance shop.
The support battalions of the HSB, SIB/TDB, and They send serviceable clothing and canvas items to the
ACR give limited salvage support. The corps field ser- laundry and renovation platoon of the COSCOM. They
vice company, GS, forward, reinforces support. evacuate unrepairable items and scrap through salvage
channels to a property disposal unit.

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 FM 63-1

Chapter 9
Maintenance Company
Contents
Page
ORGANIZATION AND MISSION .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1
PRINCIPLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1
SECTION FUNCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-8
OPERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-10

ORGANIZATION AND MISSION

The maintenance company is a critical component in • Provides reinforcing recovery assistance to sup-
fixing the force. To counter a potential superiority in ported units.
weapon systems fielded, the separate brigade makes the • Provides technical assistance and PLL supply sup-
most of each system it has. The maintenance company port to supported units that provide unit main-
provides DS maintenance and common and missile tenance within the brigade.
repair parts service to supported units in the brigade • Maintains an ASL of common and missile repair
area. Figures 9-1, 9-2, 9-3, and 9-4 show the organizations parts for supported units.
of the HSB, SIB/TDB, and ACR maintenance com-
panies/troop. • Provides reparable item management service for
selected common repair parts.
The maintenance company performs the following • Provides DS maintenance capability, with augumen-
functions:
tation, from tank and infantry system support teams.
• Provides personnel and equipment to perform DS These teams provide an increased capability for
maintenance on TOW and Dragon missile systems; support forward to maneuver elements. (HSB and
radios, teletypewriter and telephone equipment; SIB)
target acquisition surveillance radars, field artillery • Provides on-site and combat system oriented main-
digital systems, and fire control instruments; tank tenance support for the ACS through the main-
turrets, artillery, and power generation equipment; tenance support platoons. (ACR only)
and tracked vehicles, QM and chemical equipment,
and wheeled equipment.

PRINCIPLES
Maintenance personnel within the separate brigade FORWARD SUPPORT
maintenance company perform DS functions using con- The support battalion maintenance company fixes
cepts such as forward support, centralized control, and the systems by providing timely maintenance and
BDAR. They also perform such functions as controlled repair parts as required. The maintenance company
exchange, cannibalization, and recovery and evacuation. operates forward near battalion combat trains areas
DS maintenance includes end item repair by replace- with forward MSTs. Repairing equipment forward
ments of modules, components, piece parts, and assemblies reduces transportation requirements and time. It
on a return-to-user basis. maximizes the availability of equipment to users. When-
Although a significant number of mechanics are for- ever possible, personnel repair equipment on site.
ward, others are located in the brigade support area. In However, this is not always possible and practical. The
either case, personnel classify, repair, cannibalize, or tactical situation, extent of damage, and availability
evacuate all equipment. In addition, the maintenance of people, parts and tools may make recovery or
company provides the supported units with limited evacuation more desirable. The maintenance company
recovery assistance and technical assistance. commander and the supported unit commander closely

9-1
FM 63-1

cooperate to ensure that weapons employed in battle aware of the available assets and their locations. When the
are always supported. situation changes, the maintenance control officer shifts
REPAIR TIMELINES resources to minimize backlogs. Maintenance resources
reorganize when combat units reorganize into task forces
Maintenance operators make the decision on for specifie missions.
whether to repair or recover to a maintenance site on a
case-by-case basis. Managers establish timelines as a BATTLE DAMAGE ASSESSMENT AND REPAIR
tool to help make this decision. Table 9-1 shows sample BDAR techniques expedite return of a damaged piece
timelines in the separate brigade AO. Table 9-2 shows of equipment to the current battle. Maintenance personnel
timelines for the regiment AO. If the time to repair an use BDAR to determine the extent of damage to equip-
item once all repairers, tools, and repair parts are on ment. They classify equipment according to the type of
hand exceeds the specified time, recovery or evacua- repair required and plan for repair of each item. Priorities
tion is considered. Timelines are set by SOP or by for repair of battle damaged items are usually–
logistics or combat commanders for specific operations. • MOSt essential to immediate mission.
All personnel– users, maintainers, and maintenance
managers — always bear in mind that these timelines • Reparable in the least time.
are flexible. Personnel ensure that timelines are ac- • Reparable but not in time for immediate mission.
complishing their purpose, which is to maximize Battle damage repair involves use of emergency repair
equipment available to the user. If they are not, the techniques to return a system to a full or partial mission
commander orders a change to the timelines based on capability. Maintenance personnel normally use BDR in
the recommendation of the staff. combat at the direction of the commander. It includes —
• Taking shortcuts in parts removal or installation.
• Modifying components from other items.
• Using parts from a noncritical function elsewhere on
an item to restore a critical function.
• Bypassing noncritical components to restore basic
function capability.
• Using cannibalization.
• Making parts from kits or available materials.
• Using substitute fuels, fluids, or lubricants.
Armored and fuel systems are primary candidates for
BDR in combat. When the mission is over, maintenance
personnel use standard maintenance procedures to repair
the items.
CONTROLLED EXCHANGE
Controlled exchange involves the removal of serviceable
parts, components, and assemblies from unserviceable,
economically reparable equipment. Maintenance personnel
immediately reuse these items in restoring a like item of
equipment to combat, operable/serviceable condition. It is
CENTRALIZED CONTROL done in strict compliance with the brigade commander’s
The maintenance company commander with assis- published guidance. The goal is to restore a system to mission
tance from the maintenance control officer and the capable status.
MMC has control over all operations for which they are CANNIBALIZATION
responsible even though support assets may be Cannibalization is the authorized removal of serviceable
decentralized. They are aware of the total DS main- parts, components, and assemblies from uneconomically
tenance work load across the brigade area. They also are
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 FM 63-1

reparable equipment. The support battalion main- maintenance company requests corps assistance
tenance company normally performs cannibalization through the transportation officer when separate
during combat conditions at a collecting point. During brigade evacuation assets are overloaded. The main-
combat, cannibalization is a valuable source of critical tenance company submits a request for evacuation
repair parts. Maintenance personnel make available support to the support battalion transportation officer.
these critical repair parts for immediate reuse. Com- He either tasks the S&T company assets to provide
manders designate the conditions, items, and level of support or submits the request to the MCC/MCT
repair for cannibalization. The support battalion com- through the BTO.
mander controls cannibalization operations based on Recovery and evacuation principles are covered in
cannibalization policies established by the brigade com- depth in FMs 20-22 and 43-5.
mander.
RECOVERY AND EVACUATION AMMUNITION
Recovery involves retrieving or freeing immobile, Corps ordnance units provide DS maintenance sup-
inoperative, or abandoned materiel. Recovery also in- port for ammunition items. When possible, maintenance
volves returning it to operation or to a place where it can personnel perform maintenance in the corps area. Units
be repaired, evacuated, or otherwise disposed of. The holding ammunition stocks that require DS main-
types of recovery include self-recovery to a secure area tenance return such stocks to the nearest ASP.
or collecting point and recovery by specialized recovery AVIATION MAINTENANCE SUPPORT
equipment. Such specialized recovery equipment in- RAS AVUM personnel intensively manage aviation
cludes wreckers and tracked recovery vehicles. When unit maintenance to keep as many aircraft mission-
recovery requirements for a supported unit exceed its capable as possible. In combat, there is a large increase
capability, the support battalion maintenance control in flying hours and a greater demand for operational
officer provides assistance. aircraft. These increased requirements are complicated
All units recover unserviceable equipment to an by higher attrition and battle damage rates. These require-
UMCP, MCP, or field trains/BSA. The UMCPs are near ments create shortages of repair parts and replacement
MSRs to allow HETs to pick up unserviceable equip- aircraft. To offset these shortages, the rapid recovery and
ment there. It is done in strict compliance with the repair of Army aircraft systems and components are es-
brigade commander’s published guidance. sential. A controlled exchange/cannibalization policy,
rapid recovery of damaged or downed aircraft, and a
Each support battalion recovery element contains flexible system of cross-leveling spares is an essential
recovery equipment compatible with the equipment part of the transition into the rigorous demand of com-
supported. Personnel in the recovery element diagnose bat maintenance.
failures, determine reparable or maintenance repair
category, or determine they cannot repair within the Prior to the onset of the operations, a COSCOM
timelines. OPORD is forwarded to the CSG. The CSG OPORD
tasks the aviation maintenance battalion to provide
Evacuation involves moving an item from a collection AVIM to the AVUM troop. The CMMC workloads the
point to another logistics activity for repair, cannibaliza- AVIM company. When the supporting AVIM company
tion, or other disposition. Evacuation is a coordinated cannot provide timely AVIM support, the CMMC tasks
effort between maintenance and transportation ele- another AVIM company to provide reinforcing sup-
ments. If necessary, equipment is evacuated to the corps port. The AVUM troop commander forwards requests
maintenance element in the nearest corps support for Class IX A items to the AVIM company. The
group. Evacuation vehicles transport unserviceable as- AVUM troop keeps the RS4 and RMMC informed of
semblies and major end items. HETs also bring the status of squadron aircraft and maintenance ac-
serviceable assemblies and end items from rear repair tivities.
activities to the forward maintenance or supply ele-
ments. The corps aviation maintenance battalion normally
Evacuation policies and procedures are set as a mat- provides an aviation maintenance contact team to the
RAS. The contact team comes with appropriate diag-
ter of SOP. Evacuation channels are streamlined to the nostic and test equipment and repair parts. Specific
extent possible to avoid intermediate handling. The types of aviation maintenance which maybe suitable for
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FM 63-1

inclusion in a contact team are — vehicle between maintenance facilities. FM 1-513 has
• Limited fire control. techniques and procedures for aerial recovery of
aircraft.
• Some major component repair.
• Avionics and communications. The RAS is responsible for aircraft recovery. It uses
its AVUM troop within the limits of the unit’s organic
• Back-up sheet metal. lift capability. A recovery operation is a coordinated
The contact team should also come equipped with effort among the owning organization, its supporting
communications gear (such as MSRT or DNVT). This AMCO, and the ground element where the operation is
equipment allows communications with the aviation to take place. The AVUM troop has organic rigging
maintenance battalion headquarters. equipment for aircraft recovery. If the recovery is
AIRCRAFT RECOVERY AND EVACUATION beyond the AVUM troop’s lift capability, AMCO sup-
port is requested. Division and nondivisional AMCOs
Aircraft recovery includes repair of an aircraft on site have limited organic rigging equipment. The AVUM
for a one-time flight. It also includes preparation of an commander coordinates with the AMCO commander
aircraft for movement directly to the first appropriate to conduct the recovery. The AMCO commander coor-
aircraft maintenance activity. Aircraft evacuation is the dinates with the division or corps aviation brigade to
movement of an aircraft by another aircraft or surface provide aircraft and equipment.

SECTION FUNCTIONS
Each of the maintenance companies has platoons Quality control.
and sections/teams that provide similar functions. What Technical assistance.
follows here is a discussion of section functions regard-
less of which platoons the sections are in. Supply operations less supply management.
Inspections.
COMPANY HEADQUARTERS Publications and reports.
The company headquarters provides command and
control for accomplishment of the company’s mission. MAINTENANCE CONTROL SECTION
It provides unit-level administrative, supply, and main- The maintenance control officer is the main assistant
tenance support to elements of the company. FM 10-14 to the company commander for DS maintenance sup-
provides information on supply operations. FM 10-63-1 port. With assistance from his section, he provides the
covers unit mortuary affairs responsibilities. A particular control, coordination, and overall supervision of the
concern for the maintenance company headquarters maintenance shops. He provides the same for MCPs,
is C3 for MSTs operating at UMCPs. Another concern recovery teams, and MSTs. The section performs job
is other maintenance teams performing on-site repairs. ordering and equipment accountability. It is also
As discussed below, the company commander normally responsible for quality control. SAMS software sup-
retains command and control of these teams. He also ports the maintenance management function and runs
ensures that headquarters maintains communications on the TACCS device in this section.
with the teams at all times. The section includes an inspection element which
The maintenance company commander receives is responsible to the maintenance company commander.
missions from the support battalion commander. As- The inspectors provide quality assurance, technical in-
sisted by information furnished by the BMMC, the spections, and quality control for all DS maintenance
company commander translates these into specific ac- functions. The inspectors also serve as the nucleus for
tions and orders for the maintenance company. The BDA teams. They go to on-site locations to make deter-
company commander establishes internal policies for minations on repair and evacuation.
accomplishment of the company mission in the fol- CLASS IX SUPPORT SECTION/SUPPLY
lowing areas: PLATOON
• Production control. This section in the separate brigade provides
• Shop operations. Class IX supply support. It receives Class IX requests
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from customers and fills them from on-hand assets. It AUTOMOTIVE MAINTENANCE
passes requisitions to the BMMC for items not on hand. It REPAIR SECTION
also operates the reparable item service. The Class IX The automotive maintenance repair section provides
function of the ACR is in the supply platoon. This platoon automotive base shop support for equipment and aug-
performs functions similar to those performed by the Class ments the MSTs as required. It provides personnel for
IX support section for the HSB and SIB/TDB. on-site DS maintenance and technical assistance to
The Class IX support section and supply platoon also units in the brigade AO. It also provides personnel for
provide – operation of an MCP. The section repairs transmissions,
• Technical assistance to supported units. engines, electronics items, hydraulics, and steering
controls on tracked vehicles. It works on MHE and chemi-
• Receipt, storage, and issue of ASL and NSL items. cal/quartermaster equipment (less office machines). It
• Preservation and packaging. This function includes also works on the engines, power trains, and chassis
repair of containers to protect stocks from damage components of wheeled vehicles.
during storage and shipment. ARMAMENT MAINTENANCE
• Heavy vehicle transportation. Drivers pick up and REPAIR SECTION
deliver repair parts. The armament maintenance repair section provides
This section contains the TACCS device to run SARSS-1 armament base shop support for equipment not
for Class IX. repaired on site. It augments the tank and infantry
MAINTENANCE SUPPORT (mechanized) SSTs as required. In the ACR, it reinfor-
PLATOON HEADQUARTERS ces maintenance support to the squadron support
teams. The section performs the following repairs:
The platoon headquarters overall mission is to super-
vise platoon operations. It executes command and control • Fire control systems — laser rangefinders, electronic
responsibilities. It also implements the company ballistic computers, tank thermal sights.
commander’s maintenance policies in accordance with the • Fire control instruments — binoculars, telescopes,
unit SOP. The platoon leader assisted by the platoon ser- aiming circles, rangefinders.
geant is knowledgeable of the current maintenance ARTILLERY SYSTEM SUPPORT TEAM
mission and the problems that affect the accomplishment
of these missions. He issues concise operating directives to The artillery support team provides DS maintenance
sections/teams. He monitors them for required main- for the artillery battalion. The team functions as an MST
tenance support. The platoon leader also provides quality with the capabilities for repairing the following com-
assurance and control in platoon operations. As a part of ponents:
coordinating platoon operations, the platoon leader main- • Turret-mounted weapons.
tains all necessary records for maintenance support. • Wiring systems.
ARMORED CAVALRY SQUADRON • Automotive and artillery repair.
MAINTENANCE SUPPORT PLATOON • Power generator and communications repair.
The maintenance troop of the ACR has three ACS • Loading, firing, and recoil mechanisms.
maintenance support platoons. Each 39-man platoon con-
sists of a platoon headquarters and an ACS MST. The GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENT
platoon provides DS and reinforcing unit maintenance to REPAIR SECTION
an ACS. It can repair the full range of equipment in the The GSE repair section performs DS maintenance
squadron including automotive, tracked vehicle, fire con- on power generators, air conditioner units, and
trol, tank turret, power generation, small arms, and other refrigeration equipment. It performs DS maintenance
items. The platoon typically operates out of the ACS on heaters, utility packs, water purification units, and
UMCP. Depending on the tactical situation, elements pro- chemical equipment. It also performs DS maintenance
vide on-site repair by working out of an MCP or the on construction equipment which includes that used for
maintenance troop base. Employment considerations and earth moving, grading and compacting, and lifting and
C2 relationships discussed below for MSTs also apply to loading.
this platoon.
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FM 63-1

ELECTRONICS EQUIPMENT capabilities of supported units and provides limited

REPAIR SECTION maintenance evacuation. It also performs fabrication,
The electronics section provides DS maintenance on repair, and modification of nonmetallic parts.
communications, electronics, and computer equipment. TANK SYSTEM SUPPORT TEAM
It repairs radio receivers and transmitters, teletypewriters, The tank system support team provides DS main-
and facsimile machines. It also repairs switchboards and tenance support to a tank battalion. The maintenance
special electronics devices such as infrared weapon control section uses it as a base to create an MST to work
sights, searchlights, and mine detectors. In the ACR, this at the UMCP. The team has the capability to support
section reinforces maintenance support to the squadron small arms, power generation equipment, fire control
support platoon. In the HSB and SIB/TDB, it reinforces systems, communication equipments, quarter-
the MSTs and provides on-site repair in the brigade master/chemical equipment and wheeled vehicles. It
trains area. also repairs tracked vehicles and tank turrets.
FUEL/ELECTRONICS REPAIR SECTION INFANTRY SYSTEM SUPPORT TEAM
The fuel/electronics repair section provides base The infantry system support team provides DS main-
shop operations for the repair of master cylinders, brake tenance support to an infantry (mechanized) battalion.
shoes, hydraulics, and engine electrical components. It It serves as the core for an MST operating at the infantry
performs corrective maintenance on fuel and electrical battalion UMCP. It repairs automotive, C-E, small arms,
systems and assemblies. Some other components it per- track vehicles, and fire control systems. It also supports
forms repairs on are – telephone central office systems, power generation
• Fuel pumps. equipment, and quartermaster/chemical equipment.
• Fuel injector pumps. MISSILE REPAIR SECTION
• Batteries The missile section provides DS maintenance for
• Distributor wiring harness. land combat missile systems and associated night sights.
• Ignition systems. In the SIB, HSB, and ACR, it has the capability of using
three MSTs simultaneously. (The HSB section may also
ADP MAINTENANCE SECTION be augmented with an additional team.) In the TDB, it
The ADP maintenance section repairs the regiment has the capability of using four MSTs simultaneously.
ADP equipment. The section inspects, tests, and per- The missile systems support teams deploy forward to the
forms DS maintenance on TACCS computers, DAS3 field site as requirements are generated. They provide
computers, and related equipment. support that is predominantly repair by replacement.
SERVICE/RECOVERY SECTION They return to the base company when they complete
the repair. TOW/Dragon repairers perform limited DS
The service/recovery section provides capability for maintenance on TOW and Dragon missile systems,
welding and metal body repair. It also provides the trainers, night sights battery chargers, and system-
heavy lift capability for the shops and shop supply and peculiar test equipment.
recovery of organic equipment. It reinforces recovery

OPERATIONS
The maintenance company is the brigade’s primary The maintenance company maintains a base main-
source of DS maintenance and Class IX supply support. tenance operation in addition to the MSTs. The base
Its base is located in the BSA near land lines of com- maintenance capability provides across-the-board DS
munications. The company repairs as far forward as maintenance which is not accomplished by the teams
possible inconsonance with effective maintenance prac- due to time constraints, complexity, or tactical situation.
tices and the tactical situation. Teams tailored to provide The base company also provides supply support from
across-the-board DS maintenance support are available this location. If personnel cannot repair the equipment
to the maneuver battalions, the artillery battalion, and on site, at the UMCP, or at the field trains, the using unit
the ACSs. delivers the equipment to the base company’s collection

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 FM 63-1

point. However, whenever possible, units position Supported task force repair capabilities.
UMCPs so they are accessible to HETs. In this way, the Repair assets available to the maintenance com-
support battalion can evacuate heavy equipment pany.
directly from the UMCP. The collection point conducts Length of LOCs.
a more detailed diagnosis to determine the proper
disposition of the damaged equipment. Personnel Recovery and evacuation capabilities.
conduct controlled exchange and cannibalization to Specialized tool and test set requirements and
maintain the maximum number of serviceable systems. availability.
The base company receives, stores, and issues repair Time constraints.
parts. Personnel process requests for repair parts, Parts availability.
receive unserviceable reparable, and issue serviceable Risk assessment.
ones. The BMMC receives requests for parts which are
not available. It manages the ASL which is warehoused Mobility requirements.
by the base company. Communications.
PLANNING Security requirements.
Maintenance planning in the support battalion an- One point to emphasize is that the SST serves as the
ticipates personnel, equipment, and repair parts core for an MST. This minimizes the moving of person-
requirements and matches them against available resour- nel from one team to another. In particular, team
ces. The goal is to manage limited resources to return leaders remain with the core of their associated SSTs.
the maximum number of critical items to the battle. Plan- Further, each team habitually supports the same base
ners recognize limitations in armor protection, mobility, battalion. This allows a team leader to develop a working
and communications which influence the company’s relationship with one battalion HHC. Keeping the same
capabilities. Planning considerations include — core of an SST also leads to strong command and control
lines within the MST.
• Tactical situation.
• Time and distance factors. Commanders plan other aspects of MST use besides
the composition of the team. The commander, normally
• Reinforcing support responsibilities. through the maintenance control officer, coordinates
• Command support priorities. with the support battalion S2/S3, brigade S4, battalion
• Critical weapon systems and repair parts. S4s, and BMOs for employment of the teams. One detail
• Proposed MCP locations. they work out is how the team receives its required
support. This includes administrative, unit logistics,
• Maintenance timelines. and Class IX support. The team expects to be at the
• Work load across the brigade area. UMCP for an extended time. If so, the maintenance
• Cannibalization and controlled exchange policies. control section coordinates with brigade and battalion
S4s to have the supported battalion feed the team. They
One of the key planning processes for the main- also coordinate to provide Class III and V and limited
tenance company is formation of MSTs. Teams to Class II and IV support.
provide DS maintenance to maneuver battalions are
task organized in most cases. The MST only has the number The maintenance control section also ensures
and types of repairers and equipment required to sup- production and quality control responsibilities are
port the particular battalion task force. The company specified. Usually the maintenance control officer has
uses the SST assets not required to support that task work order control. The team chief is responsible for
force to augment base company capabilities. If an SST quality control.
does not have all of a specific capability required to BASE SHOP OPERATIONS
support the task force, additional assets to form the
MST come from the base company or another SST. The base shop in the BSA consists of maintenance
company elements not employed at MCPs, UMCPs, or
In forming the optimal MSTs for his situation, the battalion field trains. The shop receives, inspects, con-
commander considers a variety of factors to include: trols, repairs, and coordinates the evacuation of equipment
• Tactical situation. received from supported units.

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FM 63-1

The shop is laid out to allow free flow of work within the MCP. When supported units cannot recover
and to minimize the required movement of repair equipment to an MCP, they are instructed to recover
parts, tools, and equipment. The company com- items as close as possible to an MSR to await maint-
mander, whenever possible, tries to lay out the shop enance support. The unit provides or arranges security,
so that – and provides accurate location information to the MCS.
• Supply storage areas are accessible to trucks. Units in the brigade area that find US equipment
• The service section provides easy access from turn it in to the MCP. There, maintenance personnel
all shop locations. inspect it and make decisions on whether to repair or
• Electronics and instrument repair can be done in evacuate. The BMMC provides the disposition instruc-
a dust-free area. tions. It directs that the item be turned in to a supply
unit or evacuated to a corps facility.
• Vehicles are dispersed near maintenance areas
but located to facilitate control and security. MAINTENANCE SUPPORT TEAMS
• The control and inspection elements are near MSTs remain part of the maintenance company and
the area entrance. are dispatched and withdrawn by the maintenance con-
• The supply storage and customer areas are trol officer. However, once the teams arrive at the
near the entrance to keep traffic out of the work UMCP, they tie into the defense plan under the control
area. of the BMO. The BMO normally sets priorities for the
equipment to be repaired. All elements involved in the
Figure 9-5 shows a sample base shop layout in a operation are aware that the teams are groups of
field environment. The same principles apply to shops repairers with limited self-defense assets. Also, the
in a built-up area. For example, the control, inspec- time they spend in defense activities reduces maint-
tion, and supply activities are near the entrance to the enance mission time, SOPs exist and MSTs prepare to
shop area. Elements with related or complementary conduct independent operations when required.
functions are near each other. Personnel use sound
buildings and adequate road systems. They provide MST operations present the company commander,
the best work areas and concealment. maintenance control officer, and MST leader and
members with the same challenges faced by any other
The maintenance internal SOP outlines shop pro- small unit in a tactical environment. Besides perform-
cedures which are based on guidance in DA Pamphlet ing the technical mission, the team needs the mobility
738-750. An external SOP for use by supported units to get to the repair site and move with the supported
should also adhere to those guidelines. unit. It must have protection on the way to and from the
The management activities vary depending on the site and while at the repair site. The team is proficient
system available in the brigade. DA Pamphlet 738-750 in self-protection techniques during a move.
describes the manual TAMMS system. SAMS-1 MSTs require adequate communications capability
provides management reports for the company com- to assist in security. They also need assets to report the
mander and MCS. It also provides a daily interface with DS maintenance situation to the MCS and request
SARSS-1. SAMS-1 procedures are in AISM 18-L21- additional support or repair parts from the base shop.
AHN-BUR-EM. Whenever MST organic radio capability is inadequate,
MAINTENANCE COLLECTION POINTS additional support should be available from the sup-
ported units. MSTs also carry a limited amount of
The support battalion maintenance company operates repair parts with them. They carry parts based on past
the MCPs receiving unserviceable equipment from sup- experience and work load.
ported units. The company operates up to two MCPs. One
is at the base shop. A forward moving tactical situation The maintenance company SOP spells out MST
makes another point forward of the BSA advisable to procedures in detail to preclude having to develop
reduce recovery distances. The maintenance control of- them for each mission. SOPs cover organization of
ficer assigns maintenance company personnel to perform teams for recurring situations and command relation-
large scale BDA at the MCPs. Personnel use controlled ships. They also cover assignment of work order
exchange and cannibalization to maximize operational numbers, hand receipting and repair parts procedures,
systems. They segregate contaminated equipment and recovery and evacuation guidelines.

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FM 63-1

ON-SITE OPERATIONS Supply personnel fill all requests when parts are
MSTs or other maintenance contact teams perform available. They also notify the BMMC of the issue. If the
on-site repairs when unit maintenance resources are part is not available, the section passes a requisition to
inadequate. Maintenance requirements determine the BMMC. The BMMC passes the requisition to the
the team’s composition. A platoon leader from the COSCOM MMC. The COSCOM MMC prepares an
maintenance company selects the personnel when all MRO to have the repair parts company provide the part
of the required assets are in that platoon. The main- or it passes the requisition to the theater army or NICP.
tenance control officer tasks the platoon leaders The theater army directs its units to support forward if
involved to assign the required repairers should the there is no COSCOM in the support structure. Critical
team be composed of persons from different platoons. items are transported by air whenever possible.
Many of the considerations are the same as those The BMMC specifies the items and quantities of
identified for MSTs working out of an UMCP. They Class IX items to be located in the brigade area. The
include mobility, security, adequacy of tools and parts, BMMC bases this decision on the PLLs of supported
and communications. SOPs spell out procedures for units and the mobility requirements. The supported
requests for such support. Requests include the follow- units’ source of replenishment for the PLL is the
ing information: support battalion maintenance company. The support
battalion maintenance company maintains an ASL
• Identification of unit and equipment. which reinforces their MPLs. As the base of supply
• Pickup points for unit guides, if required. for Class IX items, the maintenance company coor-
• Location (grid coordinates). dinates its actions with the materiel section of the
• Nature and extent of damage. BMMC.
• Repair parts required. In the ACR, a supporting AVIM company provides
Class IX A items to the RAS. As previously mentioned
• Security and NBC considerations. in the aviation maintenance support paragraph in
• Recommended route of approach. this chapter, a CSG OPORD tasks the aviation main-
Once the team arrives at the site, the team chief tenance battalion to provide AVIM to the AVUM troop.
makes a BDA and decides whether to repair on site The AVUM troop commander forwards requests for
or recover to an MCP. Maintenance timelines and the Class IX A items to the AVIM company.
tactical situation are primary determinants. If on-site A separate brigade may operate with a division.
repair is feasible, the team repairs the item and Typically, the support battalion ties in directly to the
returns it to the user. If recovery is required, the team COSCOM. However, if planners feel support is more
chief considers short-tracking or other expedient self- responsive and the DISCOM has the capability, the
recovery and like-vehicle recovery before he commits battalion may tie into the division support system. In
a recovery vehicle. such cases, the BMMC passes requests to the DMMC.
REPAIR PARTS SUPPLY If the item is available in the MSB Class IX section,
the DMMC passes an MRO to the MSB which provides
The materiel section of the BMMC manages repair the item to the support battalion. If the MSB does
part supply. The Class IX support section of the HSB not have the item, the DMMC passes a requisition to
and SIB/TDB and the supply platoon of the ACR the COSCOM MMC. The support battalion S2/S3
maintenance troop receive, store, and issue repair parts. also coordinates with the DISCOM support operations
The section or platoon maintains a QSS for customers section on the status of the separate brigade maintenance
to get low-dollar, high-demand, consumable parts (light system.
bulbs, wiper blades, common bolts) without formal
requests. It handles selected reparables as turn-ins of Figure 9-6 shows the flows of Class IX requests and
unserviceable and issues of serviceable items. A stocks for the separate brigade.
proper location system ensures that stored supplies are OFFENSE AND DEFENSE OPERATIONS
issued in an efficient way. Fewer warehouse denials and
faster customer support result if personnel properly Personnel inspect equipment and perform required
store repair parts. AR 710-2 lists the stockage parameters maintenance before an offensive operation. They
for DS units. eliminate shortages whenever possible and set up reserve

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FM 63-1

stocks. They increase the stockage of certain items on • Increasing emphasis on evacuation, with repair in
the basis of the operation, geography, terrain, and forward areas limited to component replacement,
weather. For example, in many offensive operations, adjustments, and servicing.
MSTs going forward increase the stockage of small, • Using air transportation to move MSTs and repair
high-usage reparable, such as automotive subas- parts.
semblies and fire control instruments. • Having MSTs OPCON to maneuver units.
As the tempo increases and distances lengthen, During a defensive operation, typically, supported
maintenance support assets move forward. However,
planners considering such forward deployments take units are not as widespread as in offensive operations.
into account MST vulnerability, possible enemy Therefore, the company commander centralizes the
counterattacks, and maneuver element requirements maintenance company assets more.
for space and roads. Maintenance elements require In a static defense, movement is less frequent. There-
security assistance if they bypass pockets of enemy ac- fore, more time is available for maintenance operations.
tivity. Continuous movement forward also requires the The company commander increases the timelines for
commander to adjust the maintenance timelines. As forward repair. He also builds up reserves of critical
lines continue to lengthen, expedient maintenance tech- items consistent with mobility requirements and
niques as listed below are required: capabilities. He emphasizes more inspections and tech-
• Having procedures to allow MSTs to draw parts nical assistance.
and components expected to be required in large A dynamic defense has many of the same main-
quantities. tenance implications as an offensive operation. For
• Setting up MCPs between UMCPs and the base instance, maintenance sites move frequently and
shop. vehicle maintenance requirements rise.

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Chapter 10
Medical Company
Contents
Page
ORGANIZATION AND MISSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-1
MODULAR MEDICAL SUPPORT SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-1
SECTION FUNCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-8
OPERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-11

ORGANIZATION AND MISSION

The support battalion medical company provides stations and designated patient-collecting points.
brigade (division) level HSS for units operating in the • Emergency dental care.
brigade area. This HSS includes medical staff advice • Medical supply, medical equipment, medical uni-
and assistance as required on an area basis to all units que (Class VIII) repair parts, and medical main-
in the brigade area. The company also provides unit- tenance support to units in the brigade area.
level HSS to units without organic medical support.
Figures 10-1, 10-2, 10-3, and 10-4 show the organization- • Medical laboratory and radiology services com-
al structures of the HSB, SIB/TDB, and ACR medical mensurate with division-level treatment.
companies. Each company consists of a company head- • Outpatient consultation services for patients
quarters, brigade/regimental medical supply section, referred from unit-level MTFs.
treatment platoon, and ambulance platoon. The HSB • Patient holding for up to 40 patients able to return
and SIB/TDB also have a preventive medicine section, to duty within 72 hours.
mental health team, and optometry team. The medical • Level II surgical support service. (HSB and SIB
company of the support squadron depends upon ele-
ments of corps for mental health, optometry, and only)
supplemental preventive medicine services. The HSB • Optometry support limited to eye examinations
and SIB medical companies also have a surgical squad. single vision, spectacle frame assembly, and repair
services.
The companies perform the following services and
functions: • Preventive medicine and consultation service for
brigade units.
• Provision of HSS advice to the brigade com- • Forward treatment support to forces involved in
mander. combat operations.
• Treatment of patients with minor diseases and ill- • Coordination with the UMT for required religious
nesses, triage of mass casualties, initial resuscita- support.
tion and stabilization, and emergency medical
treatment. They also provide patients with ad- • Reinforcement of unit-level medical elements.
vanced trauma management, initial surgery, and They also provide medical supervision for PAs in
preparation for further evacuation of patients in- unit-level medical elements without an assigned
capable of returning to duty. physician.
• Ground evacuation for patients from battalion aid

MODULAR MEDICAL SUPPORT SYSTEM

The modular medical support system standardizes all rapidly tailor, augment, or reinforce medical units where
medical treatment subunits within the brigade. The the need is most critical. This support system acquires,
medical system duplicates modules at different levels of receives, triages, and provides EMT and advanced
health care. Duplications allow the medical managers to trauma management for patients within the brigade area.

10-1
FM 63-1

Medical support originates in the forward area with a treatment. Unit-level HSS places major emphasis on
combat medic supporting each combat platoon. From those measures (maintain the airway, stop bleeding
this point HSS personnel evacuate a patient through the prevent shock) necessary to stabilize. Unit-level HSS
medical platoon BAS of a maneuver battalion to the allows for the evacuation of the patient to the next level
support battalion medical company, if required. The of care.
support battalion medical company functions as the Individual. This immediate far forward care consists of
brigade clearing station. Five modules of the modular those life-saving steps that do not require the knowledge
support system are — and skill of a physician. Two different skill levels provide
Combat medic. The combat medic is the first person the care required in the forward area and form a major
in the HSS chain who makes medically substantiated source of RTD personnel.
decisions based on formal training. The combat • Self-aid/buddy-aid. Each soldier is proficient in a
medic is organic to medical platoons and sections of variety of specific first aid procedures. These proce-
combat and combat support battalions. Medics pro- dures include aid for chemical casualties, with par-
vide support to the platoons and companies of the ticular emphasis on lifesaving tasks. This training
battalions. enables the soldier or buddy to apply immediate care
Ambulance squad. This squad, which can split into to alleviate a life-threatening situation. FM 21-11
two teams, evacuates patients and provides care en discusses lifesaving measures.
route. • Combat lifesaver. The unit commander selects non-
Treatment squad. This squad provides advanced medical unit members to receive additional training
trauma management to battlefield casualties. ATM to increase medical skills beyond basic first aid pro-
is emergency care that resuscitates and stabilizes cedures. After training these soldiers are called
patients for evacuation. Squads are organic to medi- combat lifesavers. The unit commander selects one
cal platoons of maneuver battalions and to support soldier per squad, crew, team, or equivalent-sized
battalion medical companies. When not engaged in unit. The soldier performs the additional duty of
ATM, these squads provide routine sick call on an combat lifesaver when the tactical situation permits.
area basis. The treatment squad also treats and RTD Combat Medic. This is the first individual in the HSS chain
those soldiers with minor illnesses or injuries. who makes medically substantiated decisions based on
Area support squad. The area support squad medical MOS-specific training.
provides emergency dental care and basic medical Treatment Squad (Battalion Aid Station). This element
laboratory and X-ray diagnostic support. The squad
collocates with a treatment squad and patient-hold- has personnel trained and equipped to provide physician-
ing squad. The three form an area support section. directed ATM. They provide ATM to battlefield casualties
This section provides HSS on an area basis. and, when not engaged in combat, routine sick call. Like
elements provide this level of care in division, brigade,
Patient-holding squad. This squad holds and corps, and COMMZ units.
provides minimal care for up to 40 patients who
return to duty within 72 hours. This squad is organic Echelon II (Division Level)
to the support battalion medical company. This echelon is also known as division level. HSS per-
ECHELONS OF CARE sonnel provide care at the clearing station which is
operated by the treatment platoon of a medical company.
The objective of HSS is to conserve trained manpower. Additional capabilities include enhanced diagnostic aids,
The tailored and phased HSS system ensures the greatest emergency dental care, radiological and laboratory ser-
number of RTD personnel as far forward as possible. vices, and limited holding capacity. Here, HSS personnel
Echelons of care provide medical treatment. Each echelon evaluate the patient to determine his priority for continued
of care contains capabilities represented by each lower evacuation to the rear or they treat and RTD him.
echelon of care or treatment (Figure 10-5).
Echelon III (Corps)
Echelon I (Unit Level)
Echelon III is the lowest echelon with hospital
Designated individuals or elements organic to combat, facilities. Within the COMMZ, the mobile army surgi-
CS, and medical units provide this medical support and cal hospital and the combat support hospital provide

10-6
FM 63-1

the capability for initial surgery/medical intervention. mass casualty work loads. They synchronize other bat-
HSS personnel stabilize patients for continued evacua- tlefield operating systems to alleviate the situation.
tion or RTD. In the COMMZ, the field hospital provides Planning includes –
Echelon III area support and RTD care. Although the • Deploying (immediately) available treatment and
field hospital is located in the COMMZ, it is an evacuation elements in direct support of the af-
Echelon III facility. fected force for triage and evacuation.
Echelon IV • Coordinating for on-call available corps medical
At this echelon, HSS personnel may treat the patient assets to support the forward medical company so
at the general hospital. The COMMZ facilities are more it can continue to support forces not affected.
sophisticated and specialized. Emphasis is directed to • Maintaining brigade SOPs for the use of nonmedi-
definitive care. HSS personnel may stablize the patient cal vehicles and aircraft to alleviate Level II medical
for further evacuation to CONUS or for reconditioning evacuation backlog.
rehabilitation for RTD. • Identifying nonmedical vehicles to help in evacua-
Echelon V tion.
Medical support provides this echelon of care in • Providing en route medical care on nonmedical
CONUS. HSS personnel evacuate to CONUS those vehicles.
patients not expected to RTD within the theater evacua- • Identifying required communications nets and pro-
tion policy. Military facilities and Bureau of Veteran cedures.
Affairs hospitals provide hospitalization, possibly over- • Identifying procedures for medical equipment ex-
flowing into civilian hospitals. changes.
MASS CASUALTY MANAGEMENT • Identifying the sites of medical facilities.
Early medical intervention and sorting and continuing In mass casualty situations, the principle behind medi-
evaluation of patients are necessary to minimize mor- cal management changes from treating the worst cases
tality and morbidity. Forward medical support is critical first to providing the greatest good to the greatest num-
to meet this need. Medical planners and leaders an- ber. At no time is the abandonment of a single patient
ticipate and manage mass casualty situations. These contemplated. Medical managers base the categoriza-
situations severely tax brigade and corps medical sys- tion and scope of treatment on clinically sound criteria.
tems. When possible, the brigade shifts its resources to They place emphasis on what can be done to save the
meet these needs. The corps medical brigade/group has lives of as many casualties as possible. As each patient
to provide additional resources. moves from one treatment station to another (BAS to
The keys to managing these situations are the use of brigade clearing station), his condition is continually
on-site triage and EMT teams, effective communica- evaluated. Once medical assets are no longer over-
tions, and skillful use of air and ground ambulances. whelmed by the number of casualties, treating the worst
Rapid buildup of evacuation assets at the mass casualty first again becomes the overriding principle.
location eases the situation. Also, planning for prompt CENTRALIZED CONTROL
movement of patients to all available treatment facilities The medical company commander retains control
helps. This move dissipates the medical work load by
distributing casualties on the basis the patient’s condition of the medical company assets, Medical resources are
and the treatment facility capabilities. limited. The medical company commander employs
medic-id elements to respond to the brigade commander’s
Medical planners establish and thoroughly coor- plans in a timely manner.
dinate medical contingency plans for the handling of

SECTION FUNCTIONS
COMPANY HEADQUARTERS attached. It provides unit-level administration, general
The company headquarters provides command and supply, and NBC operations and communications sup-
control of the company and other medical units that are port. FM 10-14 discusses unit supply operations, FM 43-5

10-8
 FM 63-1

discusses unit maintenance, and FM 10-63-1 discusses contingency medical supplies. It manages the medical
unit mortuary affairs functions. quality control program and supervises unit biomedical
The medical company commander also serves as the equipment maintenance support. The section monitors
brigade surgeon. As such, he keeps the brigade com- the brigade medical assemblage management program.
mander informed on the medical aspects of brigade It also coordinates the development of preconfigured
operations and the health of the command. He regularly Class VIII packages.
attends brigade staff meetings to provide this input and PREVENTIVE MEDICINE SECTION
to obtain information to facilitate medical planning. The PVTMED section supervises the command
Specific duties in this area include – preventive medicine program and ensures preventive
• Assures implementation of the health service sup- medicine measures that protect brigade personnel
port section of the brigade SOP. against the following
• Recommends the allocation of medical resources • Food-borne diseases.
within the brigade. • Water-borne diseases.
• Supervises technical training of medical personnel • Arthropod-borne diseases.
and the combat lifesaver program in the brigade
or ACR. • Environmental injuries (heat and cold injuries).
• Determines procedures, techniques, and limita- This section provides advice and consultation in the
tions in the conduct of routine medical care, EMT, areas of environmental sanitation and epidemiology. It
and ATM. provides the same for entomology, limited sanitary en-
• Monitors and coordinates requests for aeromedi- gineering, and pest-management. This section also trains
cal evacuation from supported units. unit field sanitation teams.
• Ensures implementation of automated medical The specific functions of this section include but are
systems. not limited to the following:
• Informs the COSCOM surgeon (and DISCOM Assists the brigade surgeon in staff estimate
surgeon if operating as part of a division) on the preparation.
brigade’s medical support situation. Assists the battalion S2/S3 in determining require-
• Monitors the health of the command and advises ments for medical intelligence collection, par-
the commander on measures to counter disease ticularly with respect to disease prevalence. See
and nonbattle injury. FM 8-10-8 for more information on medical intel-
• Assumes operational control of augmentation ligence collection.
medical units when directed. Deploys PVTMED teams in support of specific
• Exercises technical supervision of subordinate units and operations.
battalion or squadron surgeons. Monitors water supplies.
• Assumes technical supervision of the physician MENTAL HEALTH SECTION
assistants organic to subordinate units in the ab- The HSB mental health section (for the SIB/TDB –
sence of their assigned physicians. mental health team) provides staff supervision for the
• Provides the medical estimate (FM 8-55) and medi- command preventive psychiatry/combat stress control
cal threat input for inclusion in the commander’s program in accordance with AR 40-216. The section
estimate. collocates with the brigade clearing station in the BSA.
BRIGADE MEDICAL SUPPLY SECTION Acting for the brigade surgeon, this section establishes
policy and guidance for the prevention, diagnosis,
The BMSS plans, supervises, and controls medical management, and RTD of battle fatigue casualties. It has
supply and medical equipment support for the brigade. technical responsibility for the diagnosis, treatment, and
The BMSS provides Class VIII resupply, medical equip- disposition of neuropsychiatric disorders and disease
ment repair parts, and medical equipment maintenance cases. It also has responsibility for the psychological
support to brigade and attached units on an area basis. aspect of nuclear surety programs.
The BMSS develops and maintains prescribed loads of

10-9
FM 63-1

During tactical operations, mental health personnel up the new clearing station while remaining ele-
ensure a 24-hour NP diagnostic and evaluation capability ments close out operations at the old site. The area
at the clearing station. The brigade psychiatrist or his support squad consists of the dental and diagnostic
authorized representative evaluates the BF and NP support elements of the clearing station. The patient-
patients before they are evacuated out of the brigade. If holding squad operates a 40-bed facility for patients
patients will RTD within 72 hours, mental health person- awaiting evacuation and patients expected to be RTD
nel hold them for treatment at the BSA patient-holding within 72 hours.
facility. In cases where patients require longer than the The surgical squad in the HSB and SIB/TDB
holding policy at brigade level allows, HSS personnel provides lifesaving or initial surgical service to
transfer them to the corps-level CFRP facility. brigade units. It performs early surgery whenever a
For all BF and NP patients being RTD, the mental likely delay in the evacuation of a patient threatens
health personnel work actively through the personnel life or the quality of recovery. The squad performs
system. They also work through contact with each initial surgery for up to 40 wounded/injured patients
soldier’s unit to ensure successful reintegration into his with its organic medical equipment set. The squad
original unit or into a new unit. collocates with the patient-holding squad to provide
OPTOMETRY SECTION pre/postoperative care.
The optometry section provides treatment within the Each of the medical companies has four treatment
capabilities of its equipment. It focuses on prevention of squads in the treatment platoon. (In the separate brigade,
eye problems and support of the treatment squads. The one of the squads is included in the area support section.
optometry section also provides: In the ACR, two are.) Each squad employs treatment
vehicles with medical equipment sets — two trauma sets
• Routine eye examinations and refraction. and two general sick call sets. These squads provide
• Spectacle frame assembly using presurfaced single- troop clinic services and trauma treatment. The treat-
vision lens. ment platoon reinforces supported units medical
• Optical repair services. elements and alleviates mass casualty situations. Each
treatment squad may be split into two treatment teams.
TREATMENT PLATOON The treatment squads are not track mounted. They
The treatment platoon operates the brigade clearing carry the equipment and supplies necessary to treat
station in the BSA. It also provides assets to reinforce chemical agent casualties, to include the M51 shelter
supported unit medical elements. Platoon elements system.
receive, triage, treat, and determine disposition of patients. AMBULANCE PLATOON
The treatment platoon in each medical company has a
headquarters, treatment squads, and an area support The ambulance platoon performs ground evacua-
section. tion from units in the brigade area requiring
brigade-level medical treatment. It provides am-
The platoon headquarters is the command and con- bulance reinforcement to the battalion aid stations. It
trol element of the platoon. It determines and directs the also provides ambulance support from designated col-
disposition of patients and coordinates their further lection points to the clearing station. The platoon has a
evacuation. headquarters and ambulance squads. Refer to Figures
The area support section operates the brigade clear- 10-1, 10-2, 10-3, and 10-4 for the number and type of
ing station. The area support section consists of several ambulance squads for each separate brigade. The
squads that operate as a single medical unit and are not headquarters provides command and control and plans
normally used to reinforce other units. The area treat- for the employment of the platoon. It coordinates sup-
ment squad is the base treatment element of the port with the medical platoons of the supported
clearing station. The squad consists of two teams which maneuver battalions. It also plans ambulance routes
provide troop clinic service, trauma treatment, and tail- and establishes AXPs for ground and air ambulances
gate medical support. When the clearing station moves, as required. Each squad splits into two ambulance
one of the treatment squads along with elements of teams and provides evacuation from forward areas.
the holding squad serves as a jump element. They set

10-10
 FM 63-1

OPERATIONS
The company commander/brigade surgeon has • The anticipated patient load.
direct access to the brigade commander. He advises the • Expected areas of casualty density.
brigade commander on medical aspects of brigade • Medical treatment and evacuation resources avail-
operations and on the health of brigade personnel. The able.
company XO (the field medical assistant) is the prin-
cipal assistant to the company commander on the Within their limits, HSS personnel may have to
tactical employment of the company assets. Figure 10-6 defend themselves against a Level I threat. Planners
shows a sample medical company layout. The basic include HSS in rear operations and area damage control
considerations which influence the employment of planning.
medical assets within the brigade are — Having a single manager of HSS in an area of opera-
• The brigade commander’s plan. tions enables shifting scarce medical resources. The

10-11
FM 63-1

medical company commander ensures that the medical support to units in the BSA without organic medical
annex of the OPLAN includes – assets. The clearing station also serves as the backup for
• Procedures to handle and treat NBC casualties the BAS. During static situations, ambulance teams are
and provision for chemical protective shelter sys- also stationed at the clearing station. They provide
tems and decontamination augmentation. routine sick call runs and emergency standby support to
units operating in and around the BSA. A suggested
• Provision for A2C2 for supporting air ambulances layout of a typical clearing station with surgical squad
and for road clearances and MSR priorities for capability is shown in Figure 10-7.
ground ambulances.
• Augmentation of medical support assets for con- The clearing station performs the functions dis-
tingency operations. This may include ground and cussed for the area support section of the treatment
air evacuation assets, modular trauma treatment platoon. HSS personnel give necessary treatment to
squads/teams, and combat stress control augmen- seriously ill or wounded patients arriving at the station.
tation. They also stabilize the patients for movements. Medical
and dental officers treat patients with minor injuries and
• Provision for medical representation on casualty illnesses within their capability. They hold these patients
damage assessment elements. for continued treatment or observation for up to 72
Several provisions of the Geneva Conventions affect hours. They treat and immediately RTD or they
HSS operations in the brigade sector. HSS personnel evacuate them to the appropriate MTF for further treat-
treat and evacuate the sick, injured, and wounded ment or evaluation. Other functions of the clearing
prisoners through normal channels. Medical personnel station include –
do not guard prisoners. The echelon commander Providing consultation and clinical laboratory and
provides the guards. However, personnel physically X-ray diagnostics for unit physicians and physician
segregate prisoners from US and allied patients. Medi- assistants.
cal personnel evacuate EPW patients from the combat Recording all patients seen or treated at the clear-
zone as soon as possible. HSS personnel retain only
those EPWs whose medical condition renders them ing station and notifying the brigade S1.
nontransportable. They retain them temporarily in the Verifying the information contained on the field
combat zone until their condition permits further medical card of all patients received at the MTF.
evacuation. Medical personnel are required to treat Monitoring casualties when necessary for NBC
civilian casualties. These patients are transferred to contamination before medical treatment. Details
civilian facilities at the earliest possible time. The are in FMs 8-9 and 8-10-4 and TM 8-215.
Geneva Convention protects properly identified per- Ensuring NBC casualties are properly handled
sonnel performing medical duties in medical units. according to the guidance in Chapter 2 of this
Details are in DA Pamphlet 27-1 and FMs 8-10 and manual.
27-10.
After an attack on the BSA, a treatment team of the
The medical company, in coordination with the sup- treatment section and an ambulance team may be
port battalion S2/S3, also develops a combat lifesaver OPCON to the BCOC as part of the ADC element.
program for support battalion personnel. Training is Units are responsible for collecting casualties. They
most critical for elements which deploy separately such provide first aid and get casualties to a medical facility.
as MSTs, contact teams, and truck drivers. However, the
program covers all elements of the support battalion. The preventive medicine section and unit field
sanitation teams use preventive medicine measures to
CLEARING STATION OPERATIONS protect against food- and water-borne diseases. They
The treatment platoon of the medical company use such measures to protect against arthropod-borne
operates the clearing station. It collocates with the men- diseases and environmental injuries (such as heat and
tal health, preventive medicine, and optometry sections. cold injuries). The section emphasizes preventive
Also operating at the clearing station are any elements measures. In past conflicts, more soldiers have become
of the FSMC treatment section not deployed forward. ineffective from DNBI than as a direct result of combat.
In addition to providing Level II support for units in the The section cannot wait until problems appear to take
brigade area, the clearing station provides unit-level action. For example, it cannot wait for the first case of
10-12
FM 63-1

malaria or sandfly fever to suppress mosquito or sandfly fatigue” unless a specific neuropsychiatric disor-
populations in troop assembly areas. The section may der has been formally established.
coordinate with the designated civil-military officer and EVACUATION
the local population. See AR 40-5 for more on preven-
tive medicine. The ambulance platoon of the support battalion
medical company provides evacuation. This platoon’s
In the mental health team, the brigade combat stress ground ambulance assets normally provide evacuation
control coordinator advises the brigade surgeon on to the FSMC clearing station from forward sites. Figure
mental health considerations. He keeps abreast of the 10-8 shows the flow of patient evacuation.
tactical situation and plans for BF/NP care when
maneuver units are pulled back for rest and recupera- The FSMC ambulance platoon and a forward air
tion. He assists in patient triage and ensures BF/NP ambulance team of the supporting corps air ambulance
patients are handled properly. Normal treatment fol- company normally provide evacuation from the BAS.
these guidelines: These assets also support other units in the brigade area
on an area basis. Typically, the FSMC field sites one
HSS personnel give mild (duty) cases a brief team from the ambulance platoon at each BAS. The
respite of one to six hours of comfort and reas- ambulance platoon locates the other ambulances at
surance and return them to their units. AXPs. They also locate them at designated patient col-
HSS personnel may assign moderate (rest) cases lecting points or at the clearing station. Within the BSA,
to work at a logistics facility in the BSA for one to units are responsible for getting wounded, injured, and
two days. During this time, however, they are under sick soldiers to the clearing station.
medical supervision. The medical company
remains responsible for such services as feeding An ambulance exchange point is a point where
the patients. Moderate cases may also be held at patients are exchanged from one ambulance to another.
the holding facility if space is available. Planners normally designate these points as a part of the
HSS plan. Support battalion tracked and wheeled
HSS personnel hold serious (hold) cases in the vehicles carry patients from the BAS to an AXP where
clearing station holding facility for up to 72 hours wheeled or tracked ambulances take over for the trip to
if behavior is not too disruptive. The brigade CSCC the brigade rear. Use of AXPs returns evacuation assets
provides guidance to clearing station personnel on to their support positions faster because the crews are
treating BF/NP patients. Treatment consists of familiar with the road net and the supported unit’s
sleep, hydration, quality food, hygiene, general tactical situation.
health measures, and restoration of confidence. It
also includes soldierly work details and individual Another form of ambulance shuttle system involves
counseling. The attending physician prescribes the use of ambulance loading points and relay points. In
medication only to briefly aid in sleep or to control this type of system, ambulance loading points are sta-
disruptive behavior. The CSCC also helps the at- tioned ready to receive patients. Medical personnel
tending physician to coordinate RTD of patients station ambulances at relay points ready to replace am-
fit to perform normal duties. bulances leaving loading points to evacuate patients.
HSS personnel evacuate more serious (refer) They also require control points at crossroads or junc-
cases beyond the ability of the clearing station to tions to direct empty ambulances from relay points to
manage to the supporting division MSB medical loading points.
company. If the brigade is not operating with a An air ambulance team of the corps air ambulance
division, HSS personnel evacuate the soldier to the company is normally field sited at the BSA. Administra-
corps. Ambulance aides use physical restraints tive and logistics responsibilities, discipline, internal
during transportation when necessary. HSS per- organization, and training are the responsibility of the
sonnel do not use air ambulance unless no other parent air ambulance company. The team leader knows
alternative is feasible. The physician, in coordina- the tactical planning process well enough to ensure
tion with the brigade CSCC, transfers soldiers who appropriate employment of the air evacuation assets.
cannot RTD in three days directly to a corps recon- He also obtains the required airspace management in-
ditioning facility. In such cases, the physician an- formation. He coordinates aviation support requirements
notates the patient’s field medical card as “battle and airspace C2 matters with the brigade S3 (air). When
10-14
FM 63-1

air superiority exists, the team evacuates urgent patients Once the routine supply system is established, the
from battalion aid stations to the BSA clearing station. BMSS issues from stocks on hand or sends the requisi-
The treatment platoon sets up and marks the helicopter tion to the MEDLOG battalion. The BMSS coordinates
landing zone at the forward triage site. shipment of materiel from the corps to the forward area
In determining which of the available means of with the brigade transportation office. Returning
evacuation (air or ground) is the most appropriate, the evacuation assets also carry supplies forward.
treating physician specifies the mode of transportation Trauma and sick call sets make up most of the sets in
which best supports the clinical condition of the patient. the brigade. The commonality of these sets allows the
As a minimum, he considers the following factors: supply system to satisfy the brigade’s major medical
• The clinical condition of the patient, with the prin- resupply need through a simple resupply process. Corps
cipal consideration being which mode of transpor- medical logistics units prepackage supplies to
tation contributes least to the patient’s morbidity. reconstitute the sets. Each set has three to five days of
supplies for the brigade. The bulk of the BMSS stocks
• The current tactical situation as it impacts upon consist of these sets.
the safety of the patient and the evacuation means.
• The geographical and climatic conditions. UNIT MEDICAL MAINTENANCE AND
OPTICAL SUPPORT
• The time and distance to a supporting treatment
facility as these relate to a patient’s condition. The biomedical equipment specialist provides medical
maintenance. The corps MEDLOG battalion provides
Patients’ units normally keep ammunition and in- higher level support.
dividual weapons belonging to patients to be evacuated
out of the brigade. If they do not and patients arrive with The medical company provides single-vision lens opti-
weapons or ammunition, the clearing station collects cal fabrication support. The corps MEDLOG battalion
and disposes of them according to command SOP. Op- provides multivision lens fabrication support.
tions include giving them to the brigade S4, the support SUPPORT IN SPECIFIC TACTICAL SITUATIONS
battalion S4, or the supported unit’s designated repre- Offense
sentative.
The basic characteristics of HSS in offensive opera-
CLASS VIII SUPPLY tions are –
Medical logistics systems provide medical supplies, • As areas of casualty density move forward, the
equipment, and repair parts. The brigade medical sup- routes of evacuation lengthen, requiring forward
ply section manages Class VIII items. This function movement of medical assets.
includes the management of medical maintenance for
the brigade. • Heaviest patient loads occur during disruption of
enemy main defenses, at terrain or tactical bar-
The brigade’s mission, its location, and guidance from riers. They also occur during assaults on final ob-
the brigade surgeon and the COSCOM surgeon determine jectives.
the number of days of supply and additional items for the • Initially, the medical company locates as far for-
BMSS to maintain. Brigade units normally stock two days
of medical supplies. The BMSS maintains five days of ward as combat operations permit. This tactic al-
supplies. During the initial deployment, lodgment, and lows maximum use of facilities at the initial
early buildup phases each FSMC receives preconfigured location, thus enhancing overall effectiveness of
push-packages of medical supplies. The LOGPLAN support.
defines preconfigured medical supply packages tailored to Two basic problems confront the medical company
meet the mission. Supply personnel normally send these in the offense. First, communications contact with sup-
packages directly to the brigade until the MEDLOG bat- ported units must be continuous. Also, the medical company
talion sets up line item requisitioning. While preconfigured must maintain the mobility of treatment elements. It main-
packages are intended for use during the initial phase, tains contact through evacuation elements operating
operational needs may dictate continued use in exception- between the unit-level facilities and the clearing station.
al cases. Brigade planners coordinate such support with Treatment elements are minimally staffed consistent
the MEDLOG battalion. with the patient work load. Medical personnel evacuate

10-16
 FM 63-1

patients as promptly as possible. Therefore, the medical carefully evaluates the capability to collect, treat,
company positions available ambulance assets forward. and evacuate all patients.
The BMSS issues treatment elements maximum al- • The enemy disrupts command, control, and com-
lowable loads of medical supplies before the start of the munications. SOPs delineate measures to counteract
attack. From the clearing station, supplies move forward factors impeding evacuation.
via ambulances in response to informal requests from • Sorting of patients is critical. Planners consider
supported medical elements and through exchange of the type of transportation available for evacuation.
medical equipment received from BASS. The ambulance platoon evacuates seriously
Defense wounded patients as quickly and comfortably as
possible. Proper sorting and rapid evacuation of
HSS of defensive operations is more difficult than patients lessen the need to setup complete medical
of offensive operations. Casualty rates are lower, but clearing stations.
forward acquisition is complicated by enemy action • When a patient’s condition precludes movement
and the initial direction of maneuver to the rear. In- or when the patient load exceeds the means to
creased casualties among HSS personnel reduce move them, the tactical commander decides
treatment and evacuation capabilities. HSS person- whether or not to leave patients behind. The sur-
nel expect the heaviest casualties, including those geon ensures that the tactical commander under-
produced by enemy artillery and NBC weapons, stands the need to reach a timely decision in this
during the initial enemy attack and in the counterat- regard. HSS personnel and supplies stay with
tack. Insecure ground routes permit evacuation only patients left behind.
periodically. The enemy attack disrupts ground and
air communications routes and delays evacuation of • Planners identify locations for successive posi-
patients to and from aid stations. tions. Generally, movement is toward existing
medical elements. Initial locations are farther to
The probability of enemy penetration requires locat- the rear than in other types of operations. For
ing treatment elements farther to the rear than in the continuity of support, medical personnel occupy
offense. However, their locations should not interfere and prepare the next rearward location before
with the maneuver of reserve forces. closing the forward facility.
The depth and dispersion of the mobile defense cre- • The rate of movement, the distance involved, and
ate significant time and distance problems in evacuation the tactical situation determine the frequency of
support to security and fixing forces. Security forces are displacement. Support battalion medical elements
forced to withdraw while simultaneously carrying their move before there is danger of involvement in the
patients to the rear. action of forces conducting the retrograde.
Retrograde A rearward passage of lines requires detailed plan-
HSS in retrograde movements varies widely. It ning between surgeons of the units concerned. Planning
depends upon the operations, the enemy reaction, and covers patient collection points and AXPs with corps
the situation. Firm rules for all retrograde operations assets. It also covers Class VIII resupply. Medical ele-
are difficult to set, but planners consider certain fac- ments remain mobile. This permits their rapid
tors: movement without the need to abandon patients. The
medical planner helps maintain mobility by keeping the
• Time is extremely important in retrograde opera- patient load low by coordinating evacuation with sup-
tions. With less time available, the brigade surgeon porting medical elements.

10-17
 FM 63-1
Cl

* Appendix A
Sample Tactical SOP for the Support Battalion and
Support Squadron Command Post
This appendix contains a sample annex to a support battalion/squadron
SOP. The purpose of this appendix is to provide a guide for a format and
level of detail. It is not intended to be prescriptive.

ANNEX_ (LOC/TOC ELEMENT) TO CP OPS, Tactical SOP, Support

Battalion/Squadron
1. Purpose: T o p r e s c r i b e t h e t a c t i c a l s t a n d i n g o p e r a t i n g
procedures of the LOC/TOC element of the support
battalion/squadron.
2. Scope: Applicable to the HHC/BMMC, support battalion
(separate brigades) and HHT/RMMC, support squadron (ACR).
3. Responsibility: Support battalion/squadron S2/S3 section.
4. Organization:
a . The LOC/TOC will operate in a two-shift configuration to
provide 24-hour-a-day operations.
b . The LOC/TOC consists of the personnel and equipment
assets organic to the command section (less the S1, S4, and
chaplain) and the materiel management office.
c . Figures A-1 and A-2 depict the layout of the LOC/TOC for
t h e s u p p o r t b a t t a l i o n / s q u a d r o n . In the HSB and SIB/TDB the S2/S3
section operates out of a 5-ton expandable van. The command
section works in and through the van. However, t h i s s e c t i o n a l s o
works out of the command briefing tent set up in the support
battalion LOC/TOC area. The BMMC works out of a tent. I n t h e
ACR, the S2/S3 section and RMMC each operate out of a 5-ton
expandable van. These two vans are backed up to a common
platform/trailer.
5. Duties:
a. Commander and XO:
(1) Perform the specific duties of the commander and
the personnel of the command section as detailed in FM 63-1.

A-1
 FM 63-1

(2) Provide command and control of the support

battalion/squadron CP and subordinate units.
(3) Supervise activities of subordinate units.
(4) Coordinate brigade logistics and HSS operations.
(5) E n s u r e t h a t t h e s u p p o r t b a t t a l i o n / s q u a d r o n m i s s i o n
is working IAW the brigade commander’s intent.
(6) Provide staff liaison.
(7) Maintain coordination with the brigade rear CP.
Ensure also that the base cluster layout is established IAW the
overall brigade plan.
(8) Serve as base cluster commander for BSA/RSA.
b. S2/S3 Section:
(1) Prepare the staff estimates.
(2) Prepare OPLAN/OPORD.
(3) Monitor the location and movement of subordinate
units.
(4) Establish LOC/TOC security.
(5) Maintain daily log of significant events.
(6) Provide intelligence support.
(7) Plan and implement OPSEC for current and future
operations.
(8) Determine status of OPSEC program.
(9) Develop and direct preparation for NBC defense
plan.
(10) Coordinate all logistics and HSS functions. In the
case of the ACR, the support operations branch has the
responsibility.
(11) Direct all NBC operations to include preparation
for friendly NBC strikes, radiological/chemical surveys, and all
decontamination operations.

A-4
 FM 63-1

(12) Analyze spot reports.

(13) Determine the support battalion/squadron tactical
support requirements.
(14) Direct reconnaissance and movement activities and
prepare road movement orders.
(15) Organize, b r i e f , a n d c o o r d i n a t e t h e a c t i v i t i e s o f
the advance/quartering parties.
(16) Brief march column commander.
(17) Coordinate subordinate units crossing contaminated
areas.
(18) Select and provide layout plan for all new or
proposed locations for the section.
(19) Operate the LOC/TOC.
(20) Coordinate establishment of defense for support
battalion/squadron elements in the brigade rear.
(21) Identify corps CSS assets and requirements. In the
case of the ACR, t h e s u p p o r t o p e r a t i o n s b r a n c h h a s
responsibility.
c . CSS Automation Management Office: (ACR, Support
Squadron) :
(1) Receive, d i s t r i b u t e , i m p l e m e n t , r e t r i e v e , a n d
dispose of all STAMIS software for the regiment.
(2) C o o r d i n a t e s i g n a l s u p p o r t a c t i o n s / r e q u i r e m e n t s w i t h
the corps signal office.
(3) Assist units with CSS automation COOP planning and
execution.
(4) Maintain the master library of CSS software and
STAMIS user manuals for the ACR.
d. BMMO/RMMO:
(1) Receive from the battalion/squadron commander for
implementation or help S2/S3 section develop logistics plans,

A-5
FM 63-1

e s t i m a t e s , and directives relating to supply and maintenance

support operations.
(2) Manage Class I (includes emergency water
d i s t r i b u t i o n ) , II (includes unclassified map supply), III, IV, V,
VII, and IX supplies and water.
(3) Maintain property book accountability for brigade
units.
(4) Develop and control the brigade ASL.
6. Internal LOC/TOC Procedures:
a. Plans and orders:
(1) The support battalion/squadron staff prepares all
battalion/squadron plans and orders; the S2/S3 section publishes
the plans and orders.
(2) The S2/S3 section publishes OPLANs/OPORDs, FRAGOs,
and warning orders in hard copy and distributes them as follows
(one each):
• Commander, s u p p o r t b a t t a l i o n / s q u a d r o n .
• HHC/HHT.
• BMMO/RMMO.
• S2/S3.
• Each subordinate company.
• Brigade S3.
• Brigade S4.
• BCOC.
• Others as needed.
(3) The S2/S3 section prepares FRAGOs in written format
and issues (in priority of methods) by messenger\LO, FAX, FM, or
RATT.
(4) The S2/S3 section issues warning orders as soon as
a brigade order is received and analyzed.
b. Maps and overlays:
(1) Maps:
(a) The S2/S3 orders and stocks a basic load of
four sets of contingency maps. Two sets of terrain analysis maps
are also stocked.

A-6
 FM 63-1

(b) The LOC/TOC operates with a minimum of four

sets of maps, each mounted on a map board. O n e s e t i s f o r
o p e r a t i o n s , one for intelligence data, one for the BMMO/RMMO, and
o n e f o r b r i e f i n g s . Personnel assemble the fourth set for use on
jumps.
(c) P e r s o n n e l h i g h l i g h t v e r t i c a l a n d h o r i z o n t a l
grid numbers in yellow.
(d) A l l d r o p s d i s p l a y t h r e e g r i d r e f e r e n c e
c r o s s e s : o n e i n t h e u p p e r l e f t , one in the lower center, and one
i n t h e u p p e r r i g h t . All drops use the same locations. P e r s o n n e l
prepare the following drops for each operation:
1. Operations. Includes tactical boundaries
and locations of all battalions, separate companies, and command
posts . Personnel post the date/time group of the most recent
update in the top middle of the drop. The S2/S3 section
maintains the drop which hangs at all times on the operations
map.
2. S u p p o r t o p e r a t i o n s . Includes the MSRs and
the current and projected locations of all logistics units down
to company/troop level and all logistics facilities. Personnel
label logistics facilities with the date/time group of the
opening and projected closing (if appropriate) above the symbol.
They use 0/0 to indicate an on-order opening or closing. The
S2/S3 section maintains the drop with input from the BMMO. It
hangs at all times over the operations drop on the operations
map. P e r s o n n e l n o r m a l l y r o l l i t a b o v e t h e o p e r a t i o n s d r o p .
3. Intelligence. Includes all significant
intelligence data to include all identified and suspected
locations of enemy units. Personnel outline all enemy positions
with a red border. The S2/S3 section maintains it and hangs it
at all times on the intelligence map.
4. Rear operations. Includes all rear
operations boundaries, base clusters, and the locations of all
units down to company size within the BSA/RSA. T h e b a s e c l u s t e r
operations center maintains it with the same procedures used for
the operations drops.
(2) Overlays:
(a) P e r s o n n e l n o r m a l l y p r e p a r e o v e r l a y s f o r
OPORDs/OPLANs on opaque overlay paper or, if necessary, on a
drop.

A-7
 FM 63-1

(b) All overlays have the standard OPORD/OPLAN

heading in the upper right corner.
c. Charts:
(1) At a minimum, p e r s o n n e l m a i n t a i n t h e f o l l o w i n g
charts:
(a) S i g n i f i c a n t a c t i v i t i e s . Maintained by the on-
duty S2/S3 personnel. I t s h o w s c r i t i c a l t a c t i c a l a n d l o g i s t i c s
events.
(b) Enemy order of battle. Maintained by the
S2/S3 section. It indicates in list form the identified opposing
enemy units and their estimated strength in percentages.
(c) I n t e l l i g e n c e i n c i d e n t s . Maintained by the
S2/S3 section. It is number coded to the location of incidents
posted on the intelligence drop and provides a one-line
description of each incident.
(d) LOC/TOC security sketch. Maintained by the
S 2 / S 3 s e c t i o n . This chart shows the setup and security plan for
the support battalion/squadron CP base.
(2) The S2/S3 ensures that these charts are maintained
in the LOC/TOC at all times. A d d i t i o n a l l y , t h e r e a r e f i v e b l a n k
acetate covered charts for use as needed.
d. Warnings:
(1) All warnings are by secure land line or RATT and
passed with flash precedence.
(2) Immediate dissemination of STRIKEWARN or CHEMWARN
with or without encoded desired ground zero coordinates
(depending on the time sensitivity for safety to US forces) is
required.
e. Briefings:
(1) Daily update briefing for the support battalion
commander:
(a) It is held at 1700 or as the commander
determines.

A-8
 FM 63-1

(b) The XO controls the briefing.

(c) The sequence is as follows: XO, S2/S3, S1, S4,
transportation officer, BMMO, o t h e r i s s u e s o r u n i t
representatives.
(2) Operations order briefing:
(a) Each new OPORD or service support order is
briefed to the support battalion/squadron commander and the
subordinate commanders as soon as possible after completion.
(b) T h e S 3 i n i t i a t e s t h e b r i e f i n g u s i n g t h e
following sequence: analysis of the AO, enemy situation and
capabilities, weather, friendly situation, mission, and
execution.
(3) Situation update:
(a) When the support battalion/squadron commander
enters the LOC/TOC, the duty officer updates him on the current
friendly situation, the current logistics capabilities, and the
current enemy situation to include a summary of recent
intelligence incidents.
(b) The duty officer provides the same briefing to
the S2/S3 and XO after returning from a long absence and to
subordinate LOS.
f. Operations:
(1) Shift Changes:
(a) Personnel man shifts in accordance with the
schedule published by the S2/S3.
(b) Outgoing duty personnel thoroughly brief
incoming replacements to completely familiarize them with all
activities within their area during the last shift. This
briefing includes a physical review of the log, the log file, and
the current operations and intelligence drops.
(c) T h e o n - d u t y s h i f t i s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r a w a k e n i n g
the replacement shift. The replacement shift is present in the
LOC/TOC no later than 30 minutes prior to the start of their
shift.

A-9
FM 63-1

(d) The current shift duty officer releases

outgoing personnel when he is satisfied that the incoming
personnel are properly briefed.
(2) Communications:
(a) The LOC/TOC is the NCS for the support
battalion/squadron command net.
(b) The LOC/TOC duty officer/NCO monitors the
brigade command/operations net and maintains a log.
(c) The S2/S3 section monitors the brigade 1/0 net
and maintains a log.
(d) The LOC/TOC duty officer/NCO ensures that the
support battalion command net is audible throughout the LOC/TOC
and that personnel maintain a log.
(e) Personnel log incoming and outgoing messages,
mark them with the date/time group and log entry number, and file
them in the log support file.
(3) Guidance for the LOC/TOC duty officer:
(a) Keep the maps current and accurate.
(b) Be prepared to brief the commander or visitors
on current tactical operations and the logistics situation.
(c) Maintain all communications systems.
(d) Ensure all required reports are timely.
(e) Pursue subordinate unit's reports.
(f) Keep the duty log updated.
(4) Security:
(a) The HHC/HHT commander is responsible for the
security of the LOC/TOC.
(b) Three rolls of concertina wire surround the
LOC/TOC if available. I f n o t , n o l e s s t h a n o n e r o l l i s u s e d .
(c) An armed guard equipped with an access roster
mans the entrance through the wire.

A-10
 FM 63-1

(d) All personnel entering receive a permanent or

temporary LOC/TOC pass.
(e) The guard does not admit anyone to the LOC/TOC
unless their name is on the access roster.
(5) Uniform:
(a) The commander determines the uniform for all
personnel in the support battalion/squadron CP area. P r o t e c t i v e
mask and appropriate MOPP gear may be required.
(b) Personnel wear or carry the protective mask at
all times.
(c) All soldiers have their individual weapon with
them at all times.
(6) Administration:
(a) LOC/TOC duty NCO conducts a sensitive items
check at the beginning and end of each shift. Personnel check
weapons physically by serial number.
(b) Personnel tactically park all vehicles when
not in use.
(c) Personnel strictly maintain noise and light
discipline.
(d) A l l p e r s o n n e l m a i n t a i n a p p r o p r i a t e d a i l y
hygiene and appearance.
7. LOC/TOC Establishment and Layout:
a . The S2/S3 selects the general location of the LOC/TOC
based on guidance from the support battalion/squadron commander.
The S2/S3 selects the specific location and plans the internal
arrangement of the LOC/TOC under the supervision of the XO in
coordination with the HHC commander and the brigade rear CP.
b . The LOC\TOC SICP tents and vehicles take maximum
advantage of natural cover and concealment. P e r s o n n e l
continually improve concealment by camouflage with natural
material and nets.

A-11
FM 63-1

The HHC/HHT commander provides traffic control in and

around the LOC/TOC.
d. Sequence of movement is:
(1) Phase I - A quartering party conducts a survey of
the proposed CP site. The XO controls the quartering party which
consists of: the XO, communications officer, S2/S3 NCO, movement
o f f i c e r , S 1 r e p r e s e n t a t i v e , HHC/HHT representative, three
personnel from the HHC/HHT (NBC team), and three BMMC
representatives. The duties of the quartering party in order of
priority are--
(a) Secure the area.
(b) Establish communications with the LOC/TOC.
(c) Establish jump CP
(d) Designate sites for the elements of the
support battalion/squadron headquarters.
(e) Serve as guides upon arrival of main body.
(2) Phase II - Once control passes to the jump CP, the
LOC/TOC prepares and conducts convoy movement to the new CP
l o c a t i o n . The quartering party arrives approximately two hours
before the main body.
(3) P h a s e I I I - When the LOC/TOC completes its
r e e s t a b l i s h m e n t , control is passed back to it from the jump CP.

A-12
 FM 63-1
C1

* Appendix B
Support Squadron 2d Armored Cavalry Regiment
Contents
Page
GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-1
BACKGROUND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-1
MISSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-1
SUPPORT SQUADRON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-1
SUPPORT CONCEPTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-9
SECURITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-12

GENERAL
This appendix contains information pertinent to the Support Squadron of the Armored Cavalry Regiment,
support squadron, 2d ACR. The appendix addresses found in the text of FM 63-1.
information that differs from the information on the

BACKGROUND
Changes in the Soviet Union and Europe have across the range of military operations become the first
reduced the possibility of direct confrontation. The response. This contingency force requires alight, rapid-
reduction of this direct threat in Europe has shifted ly deployable force with organic CSS for reconnaissance
emphasis to power projection in support of contingency and/or security. The light armored cavalry regiment
missions throughout the world. As the potential for meets that need.
regional threats increases, contingency force operations

MISSION
The 2d ACR mission, in support of the contingency • Conduct counter-reconnaissance.
force, is to – • Conduct combat operations in an economy of
• Provide reconnaissance and security. force role.
• Confirm or deny intelligence. The 2d ACR is organized as shown in Figure B-1.
• Direct or control deep fires.

SUPPORT SQUADRON
The 2d ACR is supported by a support squadron that provide security in close operations. These primary
is its primary source of logistics. The leadership of the tasks are shown in Table B-1. The support squadron
support squadron must anticipate support requirements commander must plan and be prepared to support these
and provide real-time support. The COSCOM or support type of operations.
element of a Joint Task Force provides GS supply support, The support squadron ensures the 2d ACR has suffi-
reinforcing maintenance support, HSS, field services cient CSS support, permitting it to operate independently
and transportation support to the ACR. When an ACR is for limited periods of time. Readiness support of the
the forerunner of a corps size force, elements of a forward maneuver force across the nonlinear battlefield requires
CSG may deploy to provide support. the CSS system to man, arm, fuel, fix, move, and sustain
The 2d ACR commander organizes the combat ele- soldiers and their systems. This support is provided across
ments in his force to best perform reconnaissance and the range of military operations. The support squadron
B-1
 FM 63-1
Cl

provides this support by adhering to the logistics char- • Maintenance.

acteristics of continuity, responsiveness, improvisation, • Medical.
integration, and anticipation.
Each has a specific role in providing designated logis-
The support squadron is the primary supply, transpor- tics assets in the squadron.
tation, maintenance, and health services managing
element in the 2d ACR. The squadron commander HEADQUARTERS AND
plans, directs, and supervises direct-support level HEADQUARTERS TROOP
supply, maintenance, transportation, and HSS for the The HHT consists of the support squadron head-
regiment commander. The support squadron provides quarters and the headquarters troop as shown in
centralized and integrated materiel management for Figure B-3. The squadron headquarters is responsible
Class I, II, III, I, V, VII, VIII, and IX supplies and water. for the effective command and control of organic and
It serves as the single, responsive, multifunctional CSS attached units. It is also responsible for materiel
organization to support the regiment. The squadron is management for the entire regiment. The headquarters
capable of supporting a variety of light and heavy troop provides the internal administrative, disciplinary,
attachments and task organizations. It is capable of training, and security support functions for the
detaching a single squadron support slice without squadron headquarters.
degrading support to the regiment. This capability S&T TROOP
allows units to be tailored, augmented, or reinforced
where the need is most critical. To ensure mobility Figure B-4 depicts the S&T troop organization. The
equals that of the supported units, the support squadron S&T troop supports as follows:
is C-141 transportable. The support squadron requires • The arming function through its Class IV (barrier
100 percent mobility in order to keep pace with the material) and V resupply operations.
supported units in the regiment. • The fueling—function through Class III operations.
Figure B-2 depicts the organization of the support • The fixing function with Class IX in the RSA.
squadron. The support squadron consists of the follow-
ing four troops: • The moving function by transporting personnel,
supplies, and equipment with organic transporta-
• Headquarters and headquarters. tion assets.
• Supply and transportation.
FM 63-1
C1

It also sustains the soldier by providing rations and regimental-level expands services by adding the fol-
water, clothing, and individual equipment. lowing capabilities:
MAINTENANCE TROOP • Surgical.
The maintenance troop, as shown in Figure B-5, • Dcntal.
supports the fix function with a DS maintenance and • Limited x-ray, laboratory, preventive medicine.
Class IX supply capability. DS maintenance support • Patient-holding capabilities.
(less AVIM) is provided to all units assigned or attached
to the 2d ACR. It provides on-shop and in-shop repair. Figure B-6 depicts the organization of the medical
In addition, each forward support platoon supports a troop.
cavalry squadron through a habitual relationship. The The medical troop headquarters provides com-
forward support platoons provide essential maintenance mand, control, administrative, and logistics functions
support to the combat critical equipment of the supported necessary to perform the troop’s medical mission. At
squadron. When combined with a forward supply section this level, the troop commander advises the regimen-
from the technical supply platoon (Class IX), the platoon tal commander on all medical matters affecting the
can provide semiindependent support for an extended regiment to include –
period. Work load, parts requirements, and production • Preventive medicine.
are passed to the maintenance control section using
automated means. Reinforcing support may be • Medical supply.
provided by task organization. Those support assets are • Medical effects of NBC agents on personnel,
found within the automotive/ground support platoon or rations, and water.
armament/missile/electronics platoon. The technical The troop deploys with a 5-day resupply stock for
supply platoon receives, stores, and issues repair parts medical elements in the regiment. Advice is also
and reparable exchange to the units assigned or at- provided on the status of organic vehicles, signal, and
tached to the regiment. The main supply section medical equipment. The medical troop commander
operates the central support facility. The forward sup- also serves as the regimental surgeon.
port sections maintain detachable, mobile facilities
tailored to meet the requirements of the supported The RMSS manages and distributes Class VIII
cavalry squadron. supplies and provides unit-level medical maintenance
MEDICAL TROOP for all medical elements of the regiment. It also
procures and maintains a blood supply (group O
HSS for the 2d ACR is delivered at unit-level packed red blood cells) for the regimental clearing
(Echelon I) and regimental-level (Echelon II). Unit- station.
level HSS consists of –
The treatment platoon operates the regimental clear-
• Disease prevention. ing station that is located in the RSA. It receives, triages,
• Medical treatment or advanced trauma manage- and performs resuscitation for nontransportable
ment. patients. It treats and determines the disposition of
• Patient collection. all categories of patients based upon their condition.
This platoon provides professional services in the area
• Patient evacuation. of resuscitative surgery, internal medicine, general
It is provided by the medical platoons that operate medicine, and general dentistry. In addition, it provides
squadron aid stations and are organic to maneuver basic diagnostic laboratory and radiological services and
squadrons. Combat medics of a maneuver squadron’s patient-holding support. The treatment platoon is com-
medical platoon are routinely attached to maneuver posed of a platoon headquarters, two forward supporting
troops for direct support. The squadron medical treatment squads, and an area support section.
platoon also positions ambulances with maneuver The two forward supporting treatment squads provide
troops for DS. Unit-level HSS is enhanced by first sick call services, emergency medical treatment, and ad-
aid in the form of self-aid and buddy-aid. Regimental- vanced trauma management support. The primary
level HSS includes Echelon I and Echelon II missions of these squads are to—
capabilities and is provided by the medical troop. The
• Reinforce maneuver squadron medical platoons.
B-6
 FM 63-1
C1

• Provide direct support for regimental task force Generated post-surgical patients are held by the
operations. patient-holding squad with intensive nursing care
• Provide support for area damage control operations. provided by surgical squads’ nursing staff. The patient-
holding squad operates the holding ward facility of the
Each squad has the capability to split and operate as regimental clearing station. The holding ward is staffed
separate treatment teams (Teams A and B) for limited and equipped to provide care for up to 40 patients. It
periods of time. They deploy with a 3-day supply capability provides care for those patients awaiting immediate
estimated for the supported unit. evacuation and those who entered with minor injuries
The area support section of the treatment platoon is and illnesses and are expected to be returned to duty
composed of an area support squad, an area treatment within 72 hours. It also serves as the intensive nursing care
squad two surgical squads, and a patient-holding squad. area for the surgical squads.
These squads form the regimental clearing station. Ele- Medical evacuation within the regimental operational
ments of this section are not used to reinforce other area is provided by ground ambulances organic to
medical elements. maneuver squadron medical platoons and ground am-
The area support squad comprises the dental and diag- bulances of the medical troop’s ambulance platoon.
nostic support element of the regimental clearing station. Medical evacuation of patients out of the regimental
The dental element provides emergency dental care (to operational area is provided by corps or joint task force
include treatment of minor maxillofacial injuries), sustain- direct support air and ground ambulances.
ing dental care (designed to prevent potential dental Maneuver squadron medical platoons normally posi-
emergencies), and limited preventive dentistry and con- tion ambulance teams with supported maneuver troops to
sultation services. The diagnostic element is composed of evacuate patients to the squadron aid station. From this
a medical laboratory and a field x-ray capability. It provides point, patients are evacuated out of the squadron area
for basic services commensurate with Echelon II medical either by ground ambulances from the supporting medical
treatment. troop or supporting corps air ambulances. The squadron
The area treatment squad is the base treatment element medical platoon does not evacuate patients beyond its
of the regimental clearing station. It provides sick call squadron aid station.
services, initial resuscitation (advanced trauma manage- The ambulance platoon of the medical troop performs
ment), and emergency medical treatment for supported ground evacuation and en route care for supported units.
units. The ambulance platoon consists of a platoon headquarters
The two surgical squads provide resuscitative surgery. and 6 ambulance squads (or 12 ambulance teams). To
They treat only those patients whose physical conditions ensure contact is maintained with supported maneuver
could deteriorate significantly if they were moved any squadrons, the platoon collocates ambulance teams with
substantial distance without the immediate interven- squadron aid stations. Based on the METT-T, the platoon
tion of surgically stabilizing procedures. These conditions may establish an air/ground AXP midway between the
include — supported maneuver squadrons and the regimental
• Continuing hemorrhage. clearing station to ensure timely and uninterrupted
evacuation and patient care. The platoon also provides
• Severe shock. medical evacuation support for all units located in the
• Severe thigh wound. RSA (inclusive of regimental artilley, aviation, engineer,
• Cardiac wounds. and CSS forces).
• Wounds causing airway compromise or respiratory Corps or joint task force air and ground ambulance
distress. elements are normally collocated with the medical troop
• Deteriorating closed head wounds. to provide for the evacuation of patients to supporting
hospitals.

SUPPORT CONCEPTS
The support squadron of the 2d ACR provides sup- possible. This support forward doctrine is critical to
port for all elements of the regiment as far forward as maximize combat time by minimizing resupply, repair,
B-9
FM 63-1
C1

and evacuation times. This support covers the CSS delivered in bulk. Every effort will be made to use JP-8
functions outlined below. as the single fuel on the bulkfield. This eliminates
ARM THE FORCE storage and distribution problems for all the other
fuels. Fuel requiremcnts will increase significantly if
The ammunition support structure provides the am- operating under NBC conditions.
munition needed by the units under the 2d ACR
commander and those units assigned or attached to the Corps or joint task force delivers Class III bulk
2d ACR. Units begin operations with only a basic load. products to the 2d ACR Class III supply point based on
Follow-on supply consists of specific amounts of all forecasted requirements. Because of limited on-the-
types of ammunition to support continuity of combat ground storage in the RSA, resupplying tank semitrailers
operations. The amounts and types of ammunition either transfer bulk products directly to support squadron
needed depend on the type of operation and strength of vehicles or drop off bulk semitrailers in exchange for
the enemy. However, whenever possible, preplanned empty ones. (This second method is time saving, but
packages are designated. Arming relates to ammuni- requires additional record keeping.) Normally units
tion, barrier material, mines, and demolition munitions. pick up fuel at the refuel site in the RSA. If that is not
possible, organic TPUs and 500-gallon drums maybe
In the regimental support area, the S&T troop trailer mounted or sling loaded by helicopter to provide
operates an ATP. The 2d ACR units draw all their emergency resupply.
Class V supplies from this rearm site. The 2d ACR
depends upon a nondivisional ASP and CSA for resupp- FIX THE FORCE
ly of Class V. The ground and air cavalry squadrons and This area includes maintenance and Class VII and
howitzer batteries need to have their Class V as far IX supplies.
forward as tactically possible. Class V operations are Maintenance
MHE intensive, requiring that the rearm site or cus-
tomer vehicles have materials-handling capability. As DS maintenance from the maintenance troop in-
much a spossible, transloaded ammunition is made up cludes base shop repair capability, forward support,
as combat configured loads. Combat-configured loads are battle damage assessment and repair, controlled ex-
predetermined ammunition packs based upon mission change, cannibalization, and evacuation. See Chapter 9
requirements. The combat-configured loads are usually of FM 63-1 for additional information. Maintenance
configured at the corps storage area and shipped to assets in the corps or joint task force provide reinfore-
the support squadron. ing support to the maintenance troop.
Units carry a limited amount of Class IV on combat Forward Support. The maintenance troop of the sup-
vehicles. Use of airdrop and airlanding can minimize the port squadron works as far forward as possible. This
need to carry a significant amount of Class IV into battle. reduces repair time, thereby maximizing combat
The 2d ACR commander determines the Class IV power. Forward support platoons working at unit main-
stockage in the 2d ACR and the support squadron tenance collection points become the key operational
manages that stockage. Class IV supplies are limited element for maintenance. The forward support
and supply points stock them only when required to platoons have the mobility to move with the supported
support a specific operation. The largest user of unique unit, working to return the maximum number of
Class IV (wire, lumber, or nails) and Class V (demoli- weapon systems to combat. They must also be able to
tion or mines) will probably be the regiment engineer communicate with the maintenance control section so
troop to install and/or breach obstacles in both the it can control maintenance operations across the
offense and defense. Units use local resources whenever regimental area.
possible. Other Principles. The maintenance troop’s role in com-
FUEL THE FORCE bat is one of making repairs as far forward as possible.
However, repairs cannot always be made on site. Troop
Class III supplies include bulk fuels (motor gasoline, maintainers make battle damage assessments, perform
diesel fuel, aviation fuel, and JP-8) and packaged mission-essential maintenance, and determine recovery
products (greases, oils, and lubricants). Early in any and evacuation priorities. The maintenance troop may
operation, fuel and lubricant resupply arrive as a use other procedures to return equipment to combat,
prepackaged delivery. As the operation matures, fuel is such as controlled exchange or cannibalization.
B-10
 FM 63-1
C1

Class VII transportation officer coordinates with the corps MCC

The corps or designated higher headquarters delivers or higher headquarters movements control agency to
Class VII items (such as weapon systems, vehicles and ensure that movement priorities and evacuation of un-
generators) to a Class VII supply point operated in the serviceable are set up to match CSS requirements.
RSA or directly to the receiving unit. These items should SUSTAIN THE SOLDIERS
be ready-for-issue whenever possible. The S&T troop AND THEIR SYSTEMS
maintains a temporary storage area for those items not Personnel Service Support
throughput directly to a unit. Class VII items are inten-
sively managed at the RMMC, using combat loss reports The S1/PAC section of the HHT processes combat-
and coordination with the corps or designated higher essential personnel information. They provide direct
headquarters G3, G4, and MMC. Close management military personnel support to strength managers and
permits the 2d ACR commander to know the operation- commanders. They perform or process the following
al status of subordinate units and to direct items to military personnel support functions or documents:
tactical units most critical to success of the mission. Personnel data base management.
Class IX Personnel accounting and strength reporting.
The maintenance troop maintains a combined ASL Personnel information management.
to receive and distribute common repair parts required Enlisted and officer evaluations.
by its maintenance personnel. It receives, stores, main- Identification documents.
tains, and manages reparable. It issues all Class IX
items to supported units. The combat elements of the 2d Casualty reports.
ACR carry selected parts on their vehicles. These are Enlisted promotions and reductions.
parts that can be changed quickly, making the vehicle Officer promotions.
combat ready. The forward support sections may be
attached to the forward support platoons to provide Health Service Support
limited on-site repair parts support in the squadron HSS conserves the trained manpower of the 2d ACR,
UMCP. Requirements for additional parts will be providing the combat commander with the maximum
passed by the section to the main supply platoon using force to pursue his objectives. EMS planners make as-
the most readily available means. sessments of medical support required before any
MOVE THE FORCE operation begins. Anticipated casualty rates and an
analysis of disease threats shape the extent of initial and
Transportation covers the transport of troops, sup- follow-on HSS required by the 2d ACR. During the
plies, and equipment where they are needed when they planning process, the HSS planners also consider the
are needed. Once on the ground, 2d ACR units have limits on the number of tactical and strategic airframes
sufficient organic transportation for ground mobility of available, the planned duration of the operation, and the
personnel and equipment. Ground transportation nature of the operation.
beyond organic unit capabilities is provided by the S&T
troop. It provides – Deployment of Health Service Support. Medical
troop personnel and equipment are deployed into the
• Truck transportation for distribution of Class I, II, operational area with the 2d ACR. Medical units ac-
III (package), IV, VII, and IX supplies. company soldiers at all times to provide prompt and
• Limited transport of personnel in support of efficient medical care and evacuation.
regimental operations. Class VIII. HSS planners have to consider that resupp-
• Supplemental transportation for emergency dis- ly of the 2d ACR can be difficult when it is operating
tribution of Class V and water. well forward. Following deployment, resupply is made
The regimental aviation squadron can provide very by preconfigured push packages. The air and ground
limited transportation for personnel, supplies, and ambulance backhaul system will be used in the delivery
equipment. Airdrop is also considered a function of of supplies in the forward areas. Also, corps or joint task
moving supplies. The 2d ACR relies on corps or joint force air ambulances may be used to deliver urgently
task force airdrop units for this support. The regimental required Class VIII supplies from the supporting corps
medical logistics element to the regiment.
B-11
FM 63-1
C1

Field Services Support of the force. These classes of supply include all the
In the early stages of a contingency environment, field systems that support the soldier. The quality and accept-
services are limited to those considered mission-essential. ability of rations, clothing, and sundry packages are
The corps or joint task force has the responsibility to critical in sustaining the morale of soldiers. This enhan-
augment the support squadron to provide field services ces their ability to perform effectively.
or to ensure such services are available at the ap- Water. Personnel in the 2d ACR carry filled canteens
propriate time and place to support the 2d ACR. and enough full water containers to reach the AO and
Food. Units in the 2d ACR carry MREs when initially move forward from there. CSS planners determine the
deploying. They use follow-on supply for Class I. The location of possible water points. The S&T troop water
Army Field Feeding System concept provides for three section can produce 72,000 gallons of potable water per
quality meals per day. The commander selects these day from a fresh water source or 48,000 gallons of
meals from the family of rations, in accordance with potable water per day from a salt water source. The
tactical and logistics situations. The family of rations corps logistics system is responsible for providing addi-
includes group rations (A, B, or T) and individual ra- tional water support in arid environments. Water maybe
tions. Ration requests are based on feeder reports of provided through contracting or HNS until units with
unit daily strengths and the commander’s specification purification, storage, and issue responsibilities are
of the types of rations consistent with tactical and logis- operational.
tics constraints. Clothing. Class II supplies are limited to essential items
Mortuary Affairs. Mortuary affairs services are an or- since clothing and individual equipment are bulky and
ganic unit function. However, the corps provides sup- impede mobility. The S&T troop maintains a limited
port at levels above unit support. Otherwise, personnel amount of mission-essential, expendable items re-
may be pulled from other duties to perform recovery, quired to support combat operations. Combat in an
identification, and evacuation tasks. NBC environment increases demand for Class II items.
If necessary, supply personnel should arrange for
General Supply Support resupply of protective overgarments and other Class II
General supply support encompasses the provision NBC-related gear.
of clothing, water, arms, and major end items in support

SECURITY
Support squadron units are normally grouped into squadron CP collocates with the 2d ACR rear CP, and
bases and base clusters to enhance their defense. the staffs work closely to coordinate execution of rear
Security operations center on those active and passive operations. Each base is responsible for its own local
measures taken to protect the support structure. The security and must be capable of protecting itself against
makeup and location of bases and base clusters are the Level I attacks and delaying a Level II threat until a
responsibility of the support squadron commander. The reaction force arrives. If the base faces a Level III threat,
nature of reconnaissance and security operations it takes action to prevent critical supplies and equipment
keeps most of the regiment far forward on the battlefield. from falling into enemy hands, to defend itself as long as
The support squadron commander is designated as possible, and to avoid capture.
the regimental support area commander. The support

B-12 *U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1994 - 528-027/2001

 FM 63-1

References
Army Regulations (ARs)
40-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Preventative Medicine
40-216 . . . . . . . . . . . Neuropsychiatry and Mental Health
710-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . Supply Policy Below the Wholesale Level
710-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . Assets Transaction Reporting System
Automated Information Systems Manual (AISM)
18-L21-AHN-BUR-EM* End User Manual for Standard Army Maintenance System (SAMS-l)
Department of the Army Forms (DA Forms)
581 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Request for Issue and Turn-in of Ammunition
2028 . . . . . . . . . . . . Recommended Changes to Publications and Blank Forms
Department of the Army Pamphlets (DA Pams)
27-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Treaties Governing Land Warfare
738-750 ... ... . . . . The Army Maintenance Management System (TAMMS)
Department of Defense Forms (DD Forms)
565 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Statement of Recognition of Deceased
1380 . . . . . . . . . . . . Field Medical Card
Field Manuals (FMs)
1-114 . . . . . . . . . . . . Regimental Aviation Squadron
1-116 . . . . . . . . . . . . Air Cavalry Troop
1-513 . . . . . . . . . . . . Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Aerial Recovery of Aircraft
3-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NBC Contamination Avoidance
3-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . .. NBC Protection
3-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NBC Decontamination
3-100. . . . . . . . . . . . NBC Operations
5-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Camouflage
5-103 . . . . . . . . . . . . Survivability
6-20-1 . . . . . . . . . . . Field Artillery Cannon Battery
7-30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Infantry, Airborne, and Air Assault Brigade Operations
8-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NATO Handbook on Medical Aspects of NBC Defensive Operations
8-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Health Service Support in a Theater of Operations
8-10-4 . . . . . . . . . . . Medical Platoon Leaders’ Handbook-TTP
8-10-8 . . . . . . . . . . . Medical Intelligence in a Theater of Operations
8-42 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Medical Operations in Low Intensity Conflict
References-1
FM 63-1

8-55........... . . . . . Planning for Health Service Support

8-285 . . . . . . . . . . . . Treatment of Chemical Agent Casualties and Conventional Military Chemical Injuries
9-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ammunition Service in the Theater of Operations
10-14 . . . . . . . . . . . . Unit Supply Operations
10-27 . . . . . . . . . . . . General Supply in a Theater of Operations
10-52 . . . . . . . . . . . . Field Water Supply
10-63 . . . . . . . . . . . . Handling of Deceased Personnel inTheaters of Operations
10-63-1 . . . . . . . . . . Graves Registration Handbook
10-67 . . . . . . . . . . . . Petroleum Supply in Theaters of Operations
10-69 . . . . . . . . . . . . Petroleum Supply Point Equipment and Operations
10-71 . . . . . . . . . . . . Petroleum Tank Vehicle Operations
10-72 . . . . . . . . . . . . Petroleum Surveillance: Laboratories and Kits
10-280 . . . . . . . . . . . Mobile Field Laundry, Clothing Exchange, and Bath Operations
10-500-1 . . . . . . . . . Airdrop Support Operations in a Theater of Operations
16-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Religious Support Doctrine: The Chaplain and Chaplain Assistant
17-95 . . . . . . . . . . . . Calvary Operations
17-98 . . . . . . . . . . .. Scout Platoon
19-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Military Police Team, Squad, and Platoon Combat Operations
20-22 . . . . . . . . . . . . Vehicle Recovery Operations
21-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . First Aid for Soldiers
24-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Combat Communications
24-24 . . . . . . . . . . . . Signal Data References: Communications-Electronics Equipment
27-10 .... ... ........ The Law of Land Warfare
34-10 . . . . .. . . . . . Division Intelligence and Electronics Warfare Operations
34-130 .............. Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield
43-5 .................. Unit Maintenance Operations
43-12 . . . . . . . . . . . . Division Maintenance Operations
44-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Air Defense Artillery Employment: Chaparral/Vulcan/Stinger
54-30 . . . . . . . . . . . . Corps Support Groups
55-30 . . . . . . . . . . . . Army Motor Transport Units and Operations
63-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Combat Service Support in Low-Intensity Conflicts
71-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Tank and Mechanized Infantry Battalion Task Force
71-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Armored and Mechanized Infantry Brigade
100-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . Operations
100-10 . . . . . . . . . . . Combat Service Support
100-15 . . . . . . . . . . . Corps Operations

References-2
 FM 63-1

100-27 . . . . . . . . . . . US Army/US Air Force Doctrine for Joint Airborne and Tactical Airlift Operations
101-5 . . .. . . . . . . . Staff Organization and Operations
101-10-1/2 . . . . . . . Staff Officers Field Manual-Organizational, Technical, and Logistical Data,
Planning Factors (Volume 2)
Supply Bulletin (SB)
700-20 . . . . . . . . . . . Army Adopted/Other Items Selected for Authorization/List of Reportable Items
Technical Manual (TM)
8-215 . . . . . . . . . . Nuclear Handbook for Medical Service Personnel
Projected Publication
Projected publications are sources of additional information that were scheduled for printing but not
yet available at the time this manual went to print. When these publications are printed, they are
distributed automatically via pinpoint distribution.
Field Manual (FM)
63-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Corps Support Command

*Source of Procurement Commander, CASCOM, ATTN:ATCL-SRR, Fort Lee, VA 23801-6000

References-3
PIN: 054085-001