Class 2 related to files and folder
(8-5-2025)
1. Drive (or Disk Drive)
A drive is a physical or virtual storage device where data is stored.
It can be:
o Local drives (e.g., C:, D:) – Hard Disk Drive (HDD), Solid State Drive (SSD),
USB flash drive.
o Network drives – Shared storage over a network.
o Optical drives – CD/DVD/Blu-ray drives.
o Cloud drives – Google Drive, OneDrive, Dropbox (virtual storage).
Example:
o C:\ → Usually the main drive where Windows is installed.
3. Folder (or Directory)
A folder is a container used to organize files and other folders.
Helps in structuring data logically (e.g., Pictures, Downloads, Work).
Folders can have:
o Subfolders (folders inside folders, e.g., C:\Users\YourName\Pictures\Vacation)
o Files stored inside them.
Example:
o Documents folder → Contains files like Resume.docx, Notes.txt.
Creating and Managing Files
a) Creating Files Using File Explorer
Creating files in File Explorer is simple and efficient. Follow these steps:
Steps to Create a File:
1. Open File Explorer (Win + E).
2. Navigate to the desired location (e.g., Documents, Desktop).
3. Right-click in an empty space → New.
4. Select the file type (e.g., Text Document, Word File, Excel Spreadsheet).
5. A new file will appear with a default name (e.g., "New Text Document.txt").
6. Rename the file (press F2 or right-click → Rename) and press Enter.
Common File Types You Can Create:
Text File (.txt) – Basic text document.
Microsoft Word (.docx) – For formatted documents.
Excel Spreadsheet (.xlsx) – For data and calculations.
PowerPoint (.pptx) – For presentations.
Folder – To organize multiple files.
c) File Extensions and Naming Conventions
What is a File Extension?
A file extension (e.g., .txt, .docx, .mp3) tells the computer which program should open
the file.
Example:
o .pdf → Opens in Adobe Reader.
o .mp4 → Opens in a media player.
Common File Extensions:
Examples of Common File Extensions and Their Programs
File File Type Programs to Open
Extension
.txt Plain Text File Notepad, WordPad, TextEdit
.docx Microsoft Word Document Microsoft Word, LibreOffice Writer
.xlsx Excel Spreadsheet Microsoft Excel, LibreOffice Calc
.jpg / .jpeg Image File Photos, Paint, Adobe Photoshop
.png Image File (Portable Network Graphics) Photos, Paint, Adobe Photoshop
.mp3 Audio File Windows Media Player, VLC, iTunes
.mp4 Video File VLC, Windows Media Player,
QuickTime
.pdf Portable Document Format Adobe Acrobat Reader, Web Browsers
.zip Compressed File WinZip, 7-Zip, Windows File Explorer
.exe Executable File Operating System (runs the program)
d) Copying, Moving, and Deleting Files
1. Copying Files (Duplicating)
Method 1 (Drag & Drop):
o Hold Ctrl + Drag file to another folder (creates a copy).
Method 2 (Copy-Paste):
o Select file → Ctrl + C (Copy) → Go to new location → Ctrl + V (Paste).
Method 3 (Right-Click Menu):
o Right-click file → Copy → Go to destination → Right-click → Paste.
2. Moving Files (Cut-Paste)
Method 1 (Drag & Drop):
o Drag file to another folder (moves it).
Method 2 (Cut-Paste):
o Select file → Ctrl + X (Cut) → Go to new folder → Ctrl + V (Paste).
Method 3 (Right-Click Menu):
o Right-click file → Cut → Go to destination → Right-click → Paste.
3. Deleting Files
Send to Recycle Bin (Temporary Delete):
o Select file → Press Delete key (or right-click → Delete).
oRecoverable from Recycle Bin.
Permanent Delete (No Recovery):
o Select file → Shift + Delete → Confirm.
o Warning: This cannot be undone!
Creating and Managing ZIP Folders & File Encryption in Windows
1. Create a ZIP Folder in Windows
A ZIP folder compresses files/folders into a single archive, saving space and making sharing
easier.
a) Select the Files or Folder
1. Open File Explorer (Win + E).
2. Navigate to the files/folders you want to compress.
3. Select them (Hold Ctrl to select multiple files).
b) Right-click and Compress
1. Right-click on the selected files/folders.
2. Choose "Send to" → "Compressed (zipped) folder".
c) Name the ZIP Folder
A new ZIP file appears with the same name as the first selected file.
Rename it (Press F2 or right-click → Rename).
d) Accessing the ZIP Folder
To Open: Double-click the ZIP file (opens like a regular folder).
To Extract Files:
o Right-click the ZIP file → "Extract All".
o Choose a destination → Click "Extract".
2. Using Windows EFS (Encrypting File System) for Encryption (Pro/Enterprise Editions)
EFS encrypts files/folders so only authorized users can access them.
a) Right-click the Folder
1. Locate the folder you want to encrypt.
2. Right-click → "Properties".
b) Go to Advanced Attributes
1. In the Properties window, click "Advanced".
2. Check the box: "Encrypt contents to secure data".
3. Click OK → Apply.
Method 2:
1) Go to folder in which you want to create private folder
2) Create a text file with name (folderlock.txt)
3) Open the text file and enter code. enter your favorite password here. and save your file
with name (lock.bat)
4) This creates a new folder automatically. Place your file in your new folder
5) Now click .bat file and type “Y”. press enters
6) Now click on your private file to see it work or not.
Method 3
1) Right-click the Folder
2) Go to properties
3) Click security => go to administrative option => click edit
4) Again, click on administrative option NOW click deny checks. Apply and ok
Method 4 (Zip method)
1. Right click the folder
2. To archive => click ZIP and delete after making archive
3. Set password for your file
4. Click on and try
