ORNAMENTAL HORTICULTURE

HRT 102 (2+1)

Dipak Timalsina
Lecturer
Valley Krishi Campus
 Lecture 1
Importance and history of ornamental
horticulture
Floriculture industry in Nepal, it’s status,
prospects and constraints
 Ornamental horticulture
➢ The branch of horticulture which deals with cultivation and
management and marketing of ornamental plants which
create beauty and utility
➢ It involves the production and use of woody and herbaceous
plants such as flowers(cut or loose), shrubs, flowering trees,
foliage trees, palms, ferns, cacti, succulents, lawn, etc.
➢ Ornamental plants are either plants as such or their plant
parts used for both aesthetic and functional purposes
➢ They can be: flowering or non-flowering with decorative
nature
➢ Flowers have been considered as the symbol of grace and
elegance and a feast for our eyes
➢ Flowers have been part of the daily lives of people as they
have been used here in daily rituals and auspicious
ceremonies
➢ Floriculture and Landscape designing
➢ Floriculture is the area of ornamental horticulture
associated with the production and use of flowers,
potted plants, and annual bedding plants
➢ The production and use of plants to beautify the
outdoor environment is landscape designing
➢ Landscape design comprised of activities such as
growing , maintenance and design
➢ Plants grown for landscape and indoor designing are
prepared in nursery
➢ Use of trees and shrubs for beauty purpose falls under
arboriculture
➢ Ornamental horticulture is a comprehensive term and
floriculture is a part of it
➢ Turf industry is also part of it
• Importance /significance of floriculture
✓ Economic importance
➢ Cut flower and loose flower demand increasing
➢ Potted plants, Nursery plants, Bonsai, tools and
equipments, flower seeds etc.
➢ Export potential to India and other nation
➢ Employment opportunity (Landscape designers,
nursery business, grafting and budding
technician, tunnel making, farm management,
florist, consultant, researcher, ground keepers,
etc.)
➢ Use of some ornamental trees for furniture , crafts
➢ Total floral business during 2076/77: 2.15 arba
✓ Aesthetic importance
➢ Ornamental plants are used for beautification,
decoration , landscape designing, etc.
➢ Recreational value of ornamental plants
➢ Planting flower around house, office, institutions,
gardens
➢ Use of leisure time
➢ Avenue plantation
❖Horticulture therapy:
➢ Use of horticultural plants for mental freshness,
recreation
➢ utilized in psychiatric hospitals, general hospitals
and physical rehabilitation centers, homes for
elderly, schools, etc.
✓ Medicinal importance:
➢ For preventive and curative treatment
➢ Rhododendron for dysentry
➢ Aloevera for burning, rheumatism and pain
reliever
➢ Neem for skin disease, fungicide, insecticide
➢ Vitamin C is isolated from rose fruits (rose hips)
and is marketed as rose hip vitamin C used for the
cure of scurvy
➢ Catharanthin, Vincristine (from Catharanthus
roseus) used for cancer treatment
➢ Cynadon dactylon (dubo) for vomiting, wound
➢ Bryophyllum for gall bladder stone, wounds
➢ Chamomile as anti-inflammatory, antiseptic,
disinfectant (Also used in cosmetic products)
✓ Social and cultural importance
➢ Religious and cultural value
➢ No social function is completed without use of
flowers
➢ Used in birthday, parties, religious ceremonies,
temples
➢ Dashain, Tihar, marriage, worshipping
➢ Ficus religiosa, F. benghalensis, Ocimum sanctum
➢ Flower garlands, Loose flowers, bouquet
➢ Flowers are also used to convey human feelings
➢ Symbolize beauty, love, passion, peace, purity, etc
➢ Rose for love Pansy for Thoughts
➢ Amaryllis for pride Sweetpea for Departure
➢ Lily for purity Iris for message
➢ Stock for Luxury Narcissus for Self-Esteem
➢ African Marigold for Vulgar minds
➢ French marigold for jealousy and sorrow
• Flowers are also considered as national flower of
different nation
➢ Nepal- Rhododendron India- Lotus
➢ England/Iran- Rose Thailand- Gladiolus
➢ Netherland- Tulip France- Lily
✓Industrial importance
➢Oils, scents, perfumes, cosmetic products
➢Beverages, icecream, flavouring(Vanilla)
➢Rose oil, Rose water
➢Dyes, pigments, essential oils are extracted
➢Jam, marmalade prepared from rose, Gulkand
✓Environmental importance
➢Ornamental trees useful for reducing air
pollution
➢Provide shade and create better micro-climate
• Prospects / scope of floriculture in Nepal
➢ Agro-climatic diversity
➢ Higher plant diversity(451 species of orchid )
➢ High demand of ornamental plants and products
➢ Employment opportunities
➢ Export potential
➢ Availability of cheap labour
➢ Landscape designing for green park, institutions,
urban places
➢ Private sector involvement on industry
➢ Use of marginal and waste land
➢ Government policy, research and extension
• Constraints /Challenges of floriculture in
Nepal
➢Higher investment needed(Poor farmers)
➢Lack of skilled human resources or manpower
➢Lack of research activities on ornamental
plants
➢Lack of infrastructure for transport, storage,
collection center
➢Faulty marketing system
➢Low priority for ornamental commodities
➢Lack of quality planting materials and inputs
➢ Government and private sector investment low
• Floriculture in Nepal
➢ Nepal is rich in plant diversity
➢ About 5500 species of flowering plants found among
which 324 species are only found in Nepal(fanepal.org)
➢ Initiation of commercial flower farming at 2011 B.S. by
private nursery
➢ Institutionalized promotion of floriculture started after
establishment of FAN( Floriculture Association of
Nepal) at 2049 B.S.(15th Nov, 1992)
➢ FAN focus on promotional activities such as organizing
fairs and exhibition, workshops, research and market
analysis, human resource development, conducting
survey , mother plant distribution, training, dialogue
with Nepal government for policy formation, etc.
➢ Flower development centre , Godawari is also involved
in promotion of floriculture
➢ Flower Promotion Policy 2069 is also implemented
➢About 732 farms/nursery (upto 2076/77) in
about 44 districts ( 561 nurseries during
2072/73) in about 159 ha land
➢Direct/ indirect involvement of about 43500
persons
➢Total investment about 7 arba
➢About 18% increment in production and
consumption of flowers in about 8 months
before the pandemic covid-19 than previous
fiscal year(2075/76)
➢During the pandemic and lockdown,
floriculture business was highly affected
➢About 97% of cutflowers were destructed
➢ The main market for flower business is Kathmandu city
➢ Other cities are Pokhara, Narayanghat, Hetauda, Biratnagar,
Dharan, Butwal, Dhangadi, etc.
➢ Highest production and consumption in bagmati
Province(About 60%)
➢ The major cut flowers grown in Nepal are carnation,
gladiolus, rose, gerbera, tuberose, chrysanthemum, orchid,
etc. and loose flowers are marigold, dahlia, pansy, petunia,
zinnia, calendula, carnation, dianthus, etc.
➢ The demand for cut flowers per week is nearly 50,000 sticks
especially for decoration purpose in hotels and party places.
➢ Import about 9%
➢ Total business was about 2.42 arba during fiscal year 2075/76
and 2.15 arba (2076/77) due to Covid-19
➢ Business increment rate was about 10-15% in previous fiscal
years
• Total business: 2.15 arba (2076/77)
➢ Seasonal flower : 28.17 crore
➢ Ornamental plants: 57.74 crore
➢ Cut flower: 29.06 crore
➢ Loose flower: 9.08 crore
➢ Floriculture related tools and equipments: 21.45 crore
➢ Lawn(carpet grass), bulb, rhizome, tuber, tissue
culture etc : 11.27 crore
➢ Landscape and gardening: 22.15 crore
➢ Marigold , Globe amaranth garland: 36.40 crore
➢ Export : 0.54 crore
➢ Import: 26.89 crore
(Source: www.fanepal.org.np/)
• Practical No 1
• Herbarium preparation and identification of
ornamental plants
✓ Objectives
➢ To identify different ornamental plants with their
common name, Nepali name, scientific names and their
family
➢ To be able to prepare herbarium collection of
ornamental plants
✓ Theory SN Local Common Scientific Family
✓ Procedures name name name
✓ Observation table 1 Gulaf Rose Rosa spp Rosaceae
2 Sayapa Marigold Tagetes Asteraceae
tri erecta
✓ Conclusion
• Reference( Help for AG website,
www.fdcgodawari.gov.np)
THANK YOU