Human

Reproduction

JI
Female Reproductive System
Male ReproductiveSystem
J
L I ~

a
pair of Accesory Accessory external *
Ovary Primary Sex Organ produce ovum &
-

>
,

testis ducts gland genitalia ovarian 2-4 hormones, cn in

~

length.
Paired testes-enclosed Connect to
S

* -
-
scrotum,
in it
pelvic wall Uterus by ligament
Maintain 2-2 5 lauer covered
by thin epithilium which encloses
.

temp. for Spermatogenexis Ovarian Stroma It has outer Cortex E

.
,

8
Width 2-3
Length medulla
: 4-5cm : am
· Oval
shaped .

, Inner .

=> Testes
Each testis
*
Ducts-ovary >
-

fimbriae > -

infundibulum
>250 testicular
· ~

Produce Collect tu unel

Contains lobules ovum ovum
Shaped

each lobule
>
-

contain
1-3 coiled
Seminiferous tubules (lined from >
-

Ampulla >
-
isthmus > Uterus > Cervix
Join uterus
-
-

wider part
inside
by type of cell)
2
X
Vagina
F
>
-

male cell Sertoli cell

germ I provide nutrition to
(Sperm formation)
*

uterus
* (Womb) -

enverted pear shaped

germCelleule Called
,

attached to pelvic wall

by ligaments
·

Region Outside
Seminiferous Wall--external-Perimetrium
interstitial spaces contain 3
small blood
layers of Uterine

middlemyometria
Vesple, interstitial Cells or
leydig Cells .

exhibity strong
Contractions X
·
leydig Cell Secrete
Androgens
&

. birth.
FSH
during child

leydig
LH Sertoli Cells
acty on acts
·

. on .

@Simpli5yre Cyclical change

Undergo menstrual
*
Accesory Ducts-Rete testis Vasa ,
during Cycle
@Simpli5yre efferentic Epididymis, External,

Vaja
deferens .

genitalia-
cushion tixgue
mons pubis- of fatty
Pathway of Sperm-
·

=> hair.
covered
by Skin & pubic
ST - R T .

Reference > epididymis

.
. . >
-
-
·
labia
majora-fleshy fold of tixone .

deferens- ejaculatory duct > labia minora-paired

> V
fold of tis
↓

-
. > , - ·
Sue

urethra. under labie

majora .

lies
*
esory glands clitoria-highly sensitive O
rgan
·

2 labia Minora.
↓ ↓ Bulbourethral
at
upper junc of
· Seminal Vesicle (2) These Secretion
8
Secretion
rich in fructose, helps &

*
gland-tissue
en
·
Prostate (1)
Bulbourethral (2)
Calcium & Other
enzyme
lubrication
Penis.
Manemary Contain
glandular
of I fat
·

made has

genetalia of glanduler tissue

8

Externalectile mammary lobes 15-20

⑧
>
*
- -
S

join to
tissue. Entain Alveolier tubule-
,
into form
>
ducts
Connected
·

enlarged end >

-
glans penix covered Ampulla-Y lactiferous ductto
.

by fore Skin .

*
-
Spermatogenesis
S
-
permogenesix
Spermaid transform into
:

Spermatozoa (Sperm).
Spermiation : Release of sperm from Seminif-
-

erous tubule .

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 @Simpli5yre

↓
Spermatogonia
↓ mitosis
122) -

=> Shematic
presentation

Primary Spermatocyte-12n)
↓ meiosis-1 Oogoniefoetal Stage)
Secondary
↓
Spermatocyte
meiosis-11
- (n) Primary Oocyte-(22)
1st Polar
body / meiosix-1 (prior to ovulation)
Spermatio (2)
Secondary (2)
↓ Differentiation
2nd Polar oocyte
body/
Spermatozoa (n) meiosix-11
(during fertilisation)
@Simpli5yre
control Ovum
Formonal of ematogeness
> Structure
of Ovum-3 membranes
-

get Anterior Pitintary

Hypothalamus Secrete GuRH
FSH
(a) Plasma membrane-innermost
Secrete 2
gondotrophins -
- (b) zona Pellucida-outer to plasma membrane .
>
-

LH
(C) Corona Radiata-outer
layer formed of follicle Cell
FSH Sertoli Cell- factors >
-

Spermio- -

Menstruale
-genesi

LH Leydig Cell-androgens
th
1 Menstrual
Spermato Phase-1-5 day
.

>
-

-genes · menstrual occur if released ovum is not

=> Structure of Spermatozoa (Sperm) fertilized , results in breakdown

of endometrial

that comes out

lining & Uterine
.
blood vessels ,

In
rough Vagina
-

Head-Acrosome + Nucleus Contains

lytic
·
.

which
helps in
fertilization 2 Follicular phase-5-13
Enzyme day
.

- -

·
Middle piece-have Mitochondria which
produce
&

Primary follide
grom fully to become a

energy for sperm motility . mature

graffian follic Simultaneously
E
Tail
for motility Mhe endometrium
regenerates through proliferation
· -
-

.
.

level of FSHELH*
gradually which stimulates
·

Human
ejaculate 200-300 million
>
the secration
of estrogen
-

man .

Sperms during coitus Both attain middle

↑

LHEFSH peak level

.
a ·
in

>
for normal
fertility at least 60%Sperms
of Cycle
day) (about 14th
-

, ,
,

must have normal

shape a size
motility
.
40%
of 3
Dulatory Phase-14th day
them must show
vigorous . ·
LHEFSH attains attain a peak level in

*
Oogenesis middle
Cycle
of Called LH Surge
.

Oogonia
mitosis
primary cyte I unde
a Pri follicle
LH
surge induce rupture of graffian follice
·

>
- or ·

sa
Cell
thereby & release Ovum .

more
layer
4 luteal Phase-15-28h
> Sec
follic-tert follicle day
-

>
of granulosa
.
-

a there Cells &·

Antrumis present ,

·
Theca internat
externa
After ovulation
·

follicle is
graffianendocrine ,

=> Zonapellucida l
Graffian follicle ransformed into yellow
-

Surround 2 "oocyte-2ocyte
Docyte
@Simpli5yre mass called Corpus luteum . It Secrete

progesterone .

menstruation
=>Menarche-first
Cycle
=> Menopause-Menstrual
Ceases .

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I
Fertilisation Pregnancy & embryonic development
insemination After implantation finger-like projections (chorionic villi)
Sperm
⑧

>
Vagina Cervical Canal
· -
>
appear on trophoblast.
-

>
-

Uterux > isthmus > Ampullary Iunch

- -

They are surrounded by uterine tissue & maternal blood.

]
4 · The chorionic villi & uterine tissue are interdigitated
Ovum > fimbriae > infundibulum
-

· -

to form placenta. It is a structural & functional unit

@Simpli5yre Fertilisation b/w embryo & maternal body.
&
Placenta is connected to embryo by an umbilical cord.
It transports substances to & from placenta.
During Fertilisation ,
a
sperm comes in Contact

with zona
pellucida layer of ovum . => Placenta-supply O2 & nutrients and remove

↓ @Simpli5yre CO Waste.

This induce change in membrane that

-

Act as endocrine
gland I produce hCG, UPL .

block - also from

entry of additional sperms
↓
Oestrogen progesteroneI relaxin
,
.
. ovary

hCG hiLe relaxin

only during pregnancy.
* -
,

it ensures that ,

only one
sperm can
fertilise *
During pregnancy estrogen progesterone, ,

the Cortisol prolactin

ovum .
@Simpli5yre
,
thyroxine also increased .
,

↓
=> Eyonic development
The Secretions of acrosome help the
Sperm
enter into the
Cytoplasm of Ovum In
rough After one month : Heart is
formed
- ·

the Zona
pellucida & Plasma membrane. ⑧
End
of second month : limbs &
digits .

↓ End 12 weeks (1 trim) :

of Major Organ System
O
.

This induc completion of During

ofmonthFirstmovementironHeaeyelid
meiotic division the
of
·

End
Secondary oocyte leads to
formation of
·
second
polar body
& haploid Ovum Lootid). Separate & eyelashes formed.
End
of 9 month : Ready for delivery
⑧

.
Sperm
@Simpli5yre
Paturition & Letation
fully developed foetus E placente >
-
mild uterine

mitotic Contractions
foetal ejection reflex - release of
>
-

Ovum
division
Oxytocin from maternal pitintary Stronger Uterine >
-

Contractions > Expulsion

of baby out of
-
Uterus
through
isthmus birth Canal it is called Partition
inner (el)
,
, Soon
placenta is >
-

also expelled out, of Uterux

mas
·

= lactatiOh-mammary gland produce milk

Trophoblast towards the
> end
of pregnancy.
Blastocyst => Colostrum-yellowish produced during
milk
Trophoblast gives nourishment to inner cell mass. Also initial
few day of lactation
&
.

it gets attached to endometrium. Stem cell I Contain Several

it antibodies essential to
⑨
After attachment, uterine cells divide rapidly & cover
blastocyst. Thus, the blastocyst becomes embedded in
develope resistance for the newborn babies.

endometrium. This is called implantation.

r

b The inner cell mass get differentiated to 3 germ layers

.

(outer ectoderm,middle mesoderm & inner endoderm).

This 3-layered structure (gastrula) forms the embryo.

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