DEVELOPMENT: ECONOMICSCHAPTER 1
CLASS X
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Synopsis
1. Development and its features.
2. Income and other goals
3. National Development
4. Comparison among different countries or states
5. Other criteria for comparing countries
6. Public Facilities
7. Educational achievement of Rural Population of U.P.
8. Body Mass Index (BMI)
9. Human Development Index (HDI)
10. Sustainable Development
Development & its Features
• Development refers to increase in per capita income
of the nation and decrease in inequalities, poverty,
illiteracy and diseases.
• It also refers to economic development and rise in
standard of living of the people of a particular
country.
• Different persons have different developmental goals.
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• Income is the major component of development, besides this, people also seek equal
treatment, good health, peace, literacy, etc.
• Development for one can be destruction for the other.
Income and other goals
• Common material goals of people besides income are desire for regular work, better wages, decent
price for their crops, etc.
• People also seek non material things which money cannot buy like equal treatment, freedom,
security, respect, etc.
• For development, people look at a mix of goals.
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Income and other goals
If you get three job offers which one will you choose?
JOB A: JOB B: JOB C:
Far off place Less pay High pay
Facilities for your family Job security No job security
HealthyWorking Hectic schedule
Family time
atmosphere
No family time
Opportunity to learn
More freedom
Less freedom
National Development
• National development refers to
the ability of a nation to improve
the lives of its citizens.
Political Economic
• Measures of improvement may be
material, such as an increase in National
the gross domestic product, or Development
social factors, such as literacy
rates, proper sanitation facilities Social Infrastructure
and availability of healthcare.
• Economic factors includes job
opportunities.
Comparison among different countries or states
• Countries are compared on the basis of there income; higher income indicates more
developed country. But it is not an accurate measure.
• Total income do not highlight the income earned by an average person, as different
countries have different level of population.
• Average income (Per capita income) is the total income of the country divided by its
total population.
• World Development Reports by the World Bank, uses average income to classify
different countries.
• Average income are useful for comparison because they hide disparities.
Comparison among different countries or states
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Other Criteria for comparing countries
• Infant Mortality rate(IMR):It indicates the number of children that die before the
age of one year as a proportion of 100 live children born in that particular year.
• Literacy Rate: It measures the proportion of literate population in the 7 and above
age group.
• Net Attendance Ratio: It is the total number of children of age group 14 and 15
years attending school as a percentage of total number of children in the same age
group.
Other Criteria for comparing countries
Public Facilities
• These are the services provided by the government to its citizens.
• Public facilities includes infrastructure, sanitation, public transport, health care,
water, etc.
• Income alone is not an adequate indicator of material goods and services, as
income cannot buy pollution-free environment, unadulterated medicines, etc.
• Income cannot protect from infectious diseases like COVID-19.
Educational Achievement of Uttar Pradesh
Body Mass Index (BMI)
• BMI is a way to find nourishment level
in adults.
• If BMI is less than 18.5 then a person is
undernourished.
• If BMI is more than 25 then a person is
overweight.
• This criteria is not applied to growing
children.
Human Development Index (HDI)
• The Human Development Index (HDI) is a statistical tool used to measure a country's
overall achievement in its social and economic dimensions.
• The social and economic dimensions of a country are based on the health of people, their
level of education attainment and their standard of living
• HDI is published annually by United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
Sustainable Development
• The development that meet the needs of the present without compromising the
ability of future generations to meet their needs.
• Resources are of two types: Renewable and Non- Renewable resources.
• Renewable resources are those which are replenished by nature but they can be
overused, like groundwater.
• Non-renewable resources are those which will get exhausted after years of use, like
crude oil.
• At present, consequences of environmental degradation is a global concern.
