Listening Practice Test 23----

SECTION 1
Questions 1-3
Complete the notes below.
Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
Complaint to the airport
Example Answer
Name: Jack Dawson
Address: 1………….. Road, Exeter
Postcode: 2…………..
Telephone: work: 3………….. home: 798662

Questions 4-6
Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.
4 What aspect of the flight does the man complain about?
A punctuality
B legroom
C temperature
5 What does the man think about the food served during the flight?
A It is not enough to eat.
B It is expensive.
C It has a bad taste.
6 What does the man think of the service of the staff?
A satisfied
B long wait
C bad attitude
Questions 7-10
Complete the sentences below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.
The man felt satisfied with 7………….. because it was quick.
During the flight, 8………….. facilities helped him distract from other poor quality of the service.
As a gift, a 20% discount on the 9………….. fees will be offered.
The flight company also offers the man a 10………….. worth £20.
READING PASSAGE 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1
below.
Education Philosophy
A
Although we lack accurate statistics about child mortality in the pre-industrial period, we do have
evidence that in the 1660s, the mortality rate for children who died within 14 days of birth was as
much as 30 per cent. Nearly all families suffered some premature death. Since all parents expected
to bury some of their children, they found it difficult to invest in their newborn children. Moreover,
to protect themselves from the emotional consequences of children’s death, parents avoided making
any emotional commitment to an infant. It is no wonder that we find mothers leave their babies in
gutters or refer to the death in the same paragraph with reference to pickles.
B
The 18th century witnessed the transformation from an agrarian economy to an industrial one, one
of the vital social changes taking place in the Western world. An increasing number of people
moved from their villages and small towns to big cities where life was quite different. Social
supports which had previously existed in smaller communities were replaced by ruthless problems
such as poverty, crime, substandard housing and disease. Due to the need for additional income to
support the family, young children from the poorest families were forced into early employment and
thus their childhood became painfully short. Children as young as 7 might be required to work full-
time, subjected to unpleasant and unhealthy circumstances, from factories to prostitution. Although
such a role has disappeared in most wealthy countries, the practice of childhood employment still
remains a staple in underdeveloped countries and rarely disappeared entirely.
C
The lives of children underwent a drastic change during the 1800s in the United States. Previously,
children from both rural and urban families were expected to participate in everyday labour due to
the bulk of manual hard working. Nevertheless, thanks to the technological advances of the mid-
1800s, coupled with the rise of the middle class and redefinition of roles of family members, work
and home became less synonymous over time. People began to purchase toys and books for their
children. When the country depended more upon machines, children in rural and urban areas, were
less likely to be required to work at home. Beginning from the Industrial Revolution and rising
slowly over the course of the 19th century, this trend increased exponentially after civil war. John
Locke, one of the most influential writers of his period, created the first clear and comprehensive
statement of the ‘environmental position’ that family education determines a child’s life, and via
this, he became the father of modem learning theory. During the colonial period, his teachings about
child care gained a lot of recognition in America.
D
According to Jean Jacques Rousseau, who lived in an era of the American and French Revolution,
people were ‘noble savages’ in the original state of nature, meaning they are innocent, free and
uncorrupted. In 1762, Rousseau wrote a famous novel Emile to convey his educational philosophy
through a story of a boy’s education from infancy to adult-hood. This work was based on his
extensive observation of children and adolescents, their individuality, his developmental theory and
on the memories of his own childhood. He contrasts children with adults and describes their age-
specific characteristics in terms of historical perspective and developmental psychology. Johan
Heinrich Pestalozzi, living during the early stages of the Industrial Revolution, sought to develop
schools to nurture children’s all-round development. He agreed with Rousseau that humans are
naturally good but were spoiled by a corrupt society. His approach to teaching consists of the
general and special methods, and his theory was based upon establishing an emotionally healthy
homelike learning environment, which had to be in place before more specific instructions occurred.
E
One of the best-documented cases of Pestalozzi’s theory concerned a so-called feral child named
Victor, who was captured in a small town in the south of France in 1800. Prepubescent, mute,
naked, and perhaps 11 or 12 years old, Victor had been seen foraging for food in the gardens of the
locals in the area and sometimes accepted people’s direct offers of food before his final capture.
Eventually, he was brought to Paris and expected to answer some profound questions about the
nature of human, but that goal was quashed very soon. A young physician Jean Marc Gaspard Itard
was optimistic about the future of Victor and initiated a five-year education plan to civilise him and
teach him to speak. With a subsidy from the government, Itard recruited a local woman Madame
Guerin to assist him to provide a semblance of a home for Victor, and he spent an enormous amount
of time and effort working with Victor. Itard’s goal to teach Victor the basics of speech could never
be fully achieved, but Victor had learnt some elementary forms of communication.
F
Although other educators were beginning to recognise the simple truth embedded in Rousseau’s
philosophy, it is not enough to identify the stages of children’s development alone. There must be
certain education which had to be geared towards those stages. One of the early examples was the
invention of kindergarten, which was a word and a movement created by a German-born educator,
Friedrich Froebel in 1840. Froebel placed a high value on the importance of play in children’s
learning. His invention would spread around the world eventually in a verity of forms. Froebel’s
ideas were inspired through his cooperation with Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi. Froebel didn’t
introduce the notion of kindergarten until 58 years old, and he had been a teacher for four decades.
The notion was a haven and a preparation for children who were about to enter the regimented
educational system. The use of guided or structured play was a cornerstone of his kindergarten
education because he believed that play was the most significant aspect of development at this time
of life. Play served as a mechanism for a child to grow emotionally and to achieve a sense of self-
worth. Meanwhile, teachers served to organise materials and a structured environment in which
each child, as an individual, could achieve these goals. When Froebel died in 1852, dozens of
kindergartens had been created in Germany. Kindergartens began to increase in Europe, and the
movement eventually reached and flourished in the United States in the 20th century.
Questions 1-4
Reading Passage 1 has six paragraphs, A-F.
Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A and C-E from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number, i-vii, in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet.
List of Headings
i The inheritance and development of educational concepts of different thinkers
ii Why children had to work to alleviate the burden on family
iii Why children are not highly valued
iv The explanation for children dying in hospital at their early age
v The first appearance of modem educational philosophy
vi The application of a creative learning method on a wild kid
vii The emergence and spread of the notion of kindergarten
1 Paragraph A
Example Answer
Paragraph B ii
2 Paragraph C
3 Paragraph D
4 Paragraph E
Questions 5-8
Look at the following events (Questions 5-8) and the list of dates below.
Match each event with the correct date, A, B or C.
Write the correct letter, A, B or C, in boxes 5-8 on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once.
List of Dates
A the 18th century (1700-1799)
B the 19th century (1800-1899)
C the 20th century (1900-1999)
5 the need for children to work
6 the rise of the middle class
7 the emergence of a kindergarten
8 the spread of kindergartens around the U.S.
Questions 9-13
Look at the following opinions or deeds (Questions 9-13) and the list of people below.
Match each opinion or deed with the correct person, A, B, C or D.
Write the correct letter, A, B, C or D, in boxes 9-13 on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once.
List of People
A Jean Jacques Rousseau
B Johan Heinrich Pestalozzi
C Jean Marc Gaspard Itard
D Friedrich Froebel
9 was not successful to prove the theory
10 observed a child’s record
11 requested a study setting with emotional comfort firstly
12 proposed that corruption was not a characteristic in people’s nature
13 was responsible for an increase in the number of a type of school

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