1. Lamina (leaf blade): Green and flat part of a leaf. It carries out photosynthesis.
2. Parallel venation: The veins in a leaf run parallel to each other.
3. Petiole: A short stalk by which a leaf is attached to the stem.
4. Photosynthesis: Process of preparing food by the green leaves by using sunlight, carbon dioxide and
water with the help of chlorophyll.
5. Tendrils: Thin, wiry and spiral structures that help a plant to climb up by taking support.
6. Transpiration: Loss of water in the form of water vapours, through the stomata of leaves.
7. Venation: Arrangement of veins in a leaf.
8. Insectivorous plant: Plant that traps and digests insects.
9. Reticulate venation: The veins form a network in a leaf.
10. Here is the information in a clear table format with examples:
Exercise Solution
A Multiple Choice question
As a result of photosynthesis, leaves prepare food in the form of
✅ (b) Sugar
Part of leaf modified to prepare food is
✅ (b) Lamina
Transpiration in a plant occurs through the
✅ (c) Leaves
The pitcher in a pitcher plant is a modified
✅ (c) Leaf
Tendrils help a plant in
✅ (b) Climbing
B. True or False
Statement Answer
1. Lamina is green in colour and helps in photosynthesis. True (T)
2. Peepal plant has parallel venation. False (F)
3. Veins form an irregular pattern in reticulate venation. True (T)
4. Cactus has spines which are stiff hair present on the stem. False (F)
C. Fill in the Blanks
Question Answer
1. A thick vein in the middle of a leaf is called _______. Midrib
2. Exchange of gases occur through _______ on leaves. Stomata
3. Starch gives _______ colour with iodine solution. Blue-black
4. A compound leaf has _______ leaf blade. Divided
5. In onion, leaves get modified into _______ to store food. Scale leaves
Section D: Give one word for the following from the image:
Question Answer
1. Structures on leaves through which transpiration occurs. Stomata
2. Part of the leaf that carries out photosynthesis. Lamina
3. Kind of venation found in mango leaf. Reticulate
4. Process by which plants prepare their food. Photosynthesis
5. The pigment needed for photosynthesis. Chlorophyll
E. Diagram based questions:
1. Label parts (i), (ii), and (iii):
Label Part Name
(i) Lamina
(ii) Vein
(iii) Petiole
2. Which type of venation is shown in the given leaf?
Answer: Reticulate venation
3. Name the part of leaf by which it is attached to the stem.
Answer: Petiole
F Give the difference
S.No. Topic Difference Example
Parallel vs Reticulate Parallel venation: Veins run parallel to each other. Parallel: Grass
1
Venation Reticulate venation: Veins form a network. Reticulate: Mango
Simple leaf: Has a single undivided blade. Simple: Guava
2 Simple vs Compound Leaf
Compound leaf: Leaf blade is divided into leaflets. Compound: Neem
Tendrils: Help the plant climb by coiling around Tendrils: Pea
3 Tendrils vs Spines support. plant
Spines: Protect the plant from animals. Spines: Cactu
G Very Short Question
Where does photosynthesis occur in a plant?
➤ Photosynthesis occurs in the leaves, specifically in the chloroplasts containing chlorophyll.
How are leaves modified in a cactus plant?
➤ In cactus, the leaves are modified into spines to reduce water loss through transpiration.
Name the structure that helps a pea plant to climb.
➤ The tendril helps a pea plant to climb.
Name an insectivorous plant and how are its leaves modified?
➤ Venus Flytrap is an insectivorous plant. Its leaves are modified into trap-like structures that close
when an insect touches them.
Why is China rose leaf called a simple leaf but rose leaf a compound leaf?
➤ China rose has a single, undivided lamina, so it's a simple leaf.
➤ Rose has a lamina divided into leaflets, so it's a compound leaf.
What is venation?
➤ Venation is the arrangement of veins and veinlets in the leaf blade (lamina).
Give an example each of parallel and reticulate venation.
➤ Parallel venation – Banana
➤ Reticulate venation – Mango
Give the special modification that occurs in Bryophyllum leaf.
➤ In Bryophyllum, adventitious buds grow on the leaf margins and develop into new plants.
If you cover the leaves of a plant with a polythene bag and keep it in sunlight and water it
regularly, what do you think will happen? Will the leaves be able to carry out photosynthesis?
Explain.
➤ The leaves will not be able to carry out photosynthesis properly because the exchange of gases
(carbon dioxide and oxygen) is blocked by the polythene bag.
➤ Photosynthesis requires carbon dioxide, sunlight, water, and chlorophyll. Even if sunlight and water are
present, the lack of air circulation prevents carbon dioxide from reaching the leaf.
➤ As a result, photosynthesis will be reduced or stop, and the plant may eventually show signs of poor
growth.
Why do leaves wilt during afternoon in bright sunlight? What is needed to revive them?
➤ Leaves wilt in the afternoon due to excess water loss through transpiration in bright sunlight.
➤ This causes a temporary shortage of water in leaf cells, making them lose turgidity.
➤ To revive them, the plant needs adequate water so that the cells regain turgor pressure, and the leaves
become firm again.
1. Plant Observation and Classification
Task:
Make a list of plants that you see in your neighbourhood or nearby garden. Categorise them into:
Herbs
Shrubs
Trees
Example Format:
Plant Name Category
Tulsi Herb
Hibiscus Shrub
Mango Tree Tree
2. Leaf Collection and Identification
Task:
Collect leaves from different plants. Follow these steps:
Dry them by placing between sheets of newspaper.
Put a heavy object (like books) on top for a few days.
Paste them in a scrapbook.
Write the name of each plant (if known) and identify as many as possible.
Assertion–Reason Questions: Answer Key
Instructions Recap:
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
1.
Assertion: If a potted plant is covered with a polythene bag and kept in sunlight for 3–4 hours, water
droplets can be seen on the inner side of the bag.
Reason: Water that evaporates due to transpiration from a plant, gets condensed as water droplets inside
the bag.
✅ Answer: (a) — Both A and R are true, and R correctly explains A.
2.
Assertion: When veins in a leaf are irregularly distributed without a definite pattern, it is called reticulate
venation.
Reason: Reticulate venation can be seen in a peepal leaf.
✅ Answer: (b) — Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3.
Assertion: When Coleus leaf is tested for starch, only the green part of the leaf shows the blue-black colour
with iodine solution.
Reason: Green part of the leaf carries out photosynthesis and produces sugar which is stored as starch in the
leaf.
✅ Answer: (a) — Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
4.
Assertion: Leaves of a pitcher plant are modified to trap insects.
Reason: The pitcher plant has hair-like spines to trap the insects.
✅ Answer: (c) — A is true, but R is false.
🔍 Explanation: Pitcher plants trap insects with a pitcher-like structure, not with hair-like spines.
