RAILWAYS RRB NTPC 2024

Transport Systems in India

PART-2
(Road Transport)
 Transport System in India
• Part 1 = Rail Transport
• Part 2 = Road Transport
 Road Transport
1) Roads in India are an important mode of transport in India

2) India has the second-largest road network in the world, after

the United States ( Dec 22)

3) According to the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, as of

March 2021, India had about 151,019 kilometers of national
highways and expressways, plus another 186,528 kilometers
of state highways.

4) Major projects are being implemented under the Bharatmala,

a Government of India initiative
 Bharatmala Project/Yojana
1) Centrally sponsored Scheme

2) Ministry of Road Transport and Highways

3) The Bharatmala project was announced in 2017 and was targetted to get
completed by 2022

4) This ambitious umbrella programme will subsume all existing Highway

Projects including the flagship National Highways Development
Project (NHDP), launched by the Atal Bihari Vajpayee government in
1998.

5) The Bharatmala Scheme is an ongoing project that will interconnect 550

District Headquarters through a minimum 4-lane highway
 National Highway Authority of India
1) In 1988, an autonomous entity called the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) was
established by an Act of Parliament and came into existence on 15 June 1989

2) It is a nodal agency of the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways

3) The Act empowered NHAI to develop, maintain and manage India's road network through
National Highways.

4) The NHAI is also responsible of the toll collection on several highways

5) Yogendra Narain was the first Chairman of NHAI in 1988.

6) NHAI has signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with the Indian Space Research
Organization (ISRO) for satellite mapping of highways.

7) In June 2022, the NHAI created a Guinness World record by building 75 km of highway
between Amravati and Akola in Maharashtra in a span of just 5 days
 Golden Quadrilateral
1) In 1998, National Highways Development Project (NHDP) was started by the then
Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee

2) The flagship project of the NHDP is the Golden Quadrilateral, a total of 5,846
kilometres of four-to-six-lane highways connecting the four major cities Delhi,
Mumbai, Kolkata,Chennai.

3) In January 2012, India announced that the four-lane GQ highway network was
complete.

4) The main objective of these super highways is to reduce the travel time between
the major cities of India, running roughly along the perimeter of the country.

5) The Golden Quadrilateral project is managed by the National Highways Authority

of India (NHAI) under the Ministry of Road, Transport and Highways
 Golden Quadrilateral
• The four legs use the following National
Highways (new numbering system):
a) Delhi – Kolkata: NH 44 from Delhi to Agra & NH
19 from Agra to Kolkata (1453 Km)
b) Delhi – Mumbai: NH 48 (1419 Km)
c) Mumbai- Chennai: NH 48 (1290 Km)
d) Kolkata – Chennai: NH 16 (1684 Km)
 North–South and East–West Corridor
1) Another important road project of the NHDP is 7142 Km four-to-
six-lane North–South and East–West Corridor, comprising national
highways connecting four extreme points of the country.

2) The project aims to connect Srinagar in the north

to Kanyakumari in the south and Silchar in the east
to Porbandar in the west.

3) As of 19 March 2024, 6875 of the 7142 kilometers project has

been finished.

4) The NS–EW project is managed by the National Highways

Authority of India under the Ministry of Road Transport and
Highways
North–South and East–West Corridor
S.NO CORRIDOR Length Remarks

1 North–South 4000 Km NH44 (Srinagar to Kanyakumari)

Corridor

2 East West Corridor 3300 Km NH27 (Porbandar to Silchar)

 NH 44
1) National Highway 44 (NH 44) is a major north–south National
Highway in India and is the longest in the country.

2) NH 44 covers the North-South Corridor of NHDP and it is officially listed as

running over 4,112 km from Srinagar to Kanyakumari.

3) It passes through the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir, in addition to the
states (11) of Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Madhya
Pradesh, Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu.

4) Srinagar-Udhampur-Jammu–Jalandhar–Delhi–Agra–Gwalior–Jhansi–Sagar–
Narsinghpur-Lakhnadon–Nagpur-Hyderabad-Chikkaballapur-Bengaluru-Salem–
Madurai-Kanyakumari

5) Approximately 82 km stretch of NH 44 between Bengaluru and Krishnagiri

(T.N) has been selected as a part of the Golden Quadrilateral also by the National
Highways Development Project
 NH 27
1) National Highway 27 (NH 27), an East - West National highway in
India that starts in Porbandar and ends in Silchar

2) The highway passes through the states (7)

of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West
Bengal, Assam.

3) It is the second longest National Highway (after NH 44) in India

and is a part of NS-EW Corridor of NHAI

4) (Porbandar–Rajkot-Samakhiali–Radhanpur–Kota–Jhansi–Kanpur-
Lucknow–Ayodhya-Gorakhpur-Muzaffarpur–Darbhanga-Supaul-
Purnia– Dalkhola-Kishanganj, Islampur–Sonapur- Ghoshpukur-
Jalpaiguri Alipurduar- Bongaigaon - Nalbari Bijni–Guwahati–
Nagaon–Dabaka–Silchar.
 Other Factors of N-E and E-W Corridor
• Jhansi is the junction of North–South and East–West
Corridors.
• The following stretches are common between
the Golden Quadrilateral and the NS-EW Corridors.
a) Delhi–Agra: Golden Quadrilateral & North–South
Corridor
b) Bengaluru–Krishnagiri: Golden Quadrilateral & North–
South Corridor
c) Akbarpur–Kanpur: Golden Quadrilateral & East–West
Corridor
d) Udaipur–Chittorgarh: Golden Quadrilateral & East West
Corridor
 National Highways and Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited
• It is a Public Sector Enterprise(PSE) created by the Ministry of Road Transport and
Highways (MoRTH in the year 2014

• To build highways in technical challenging and high altitude regions of the Northeast
India, Uttarakhand, Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh and the Andaman & Nicobar Islands.

• The NHIDCL (along with BRO) has the task to implement the Special Accelerated Road
Development Programme for North Eastern Region (SARDP-NE) in National Highways
portion.

• Zoji-la Tunnel = Project of NHIDCL to construct highway between Srinagar & Leh. This is
the highest tunnel project being taken up in India at a cost of more than Rs.8000 crores.
It will be the India's longest road tunnel

• Dhubri-Phulbari bridge: Project of NHIDCL to construct bridge across river Brahmaputra

on Assam-Meghalaya border. Once complete, It would be India’s second longest bridge
over water after the Mumbai Trans Harbour Link (Atal Setu), and would span more than
19 km
 Highest Motorable Road
• Currently, Umling La in Ladakh, at a height of 19,024 ft, holds the
record of being the highest motorable road in the world.

• The construction of this road has been achieved by the BRO (Border
Road Organization) as part of “Project Himank”.

• It is a 52-km road that connects Chishumle to Demchok villages.

Both these villages lie in close proximity to the Line of Actual
Control (LAC)

• In August 2023, the Border Roads Organisation, a statutory

body under the Ministry of Defence, began construction on the
Likaru-Mig La-Fukch road in Ladakh, which on its completion will be
the world's highest motorable road
 Express-Ways
• There are two types of Expressways
a) National Expressway
b) State Expressways
 Express-Ways
• The Delhi–Noida Direct Flyway or DND Flyway is India's first 8-
lane wide, 7.5 km long expressway in Delhi NCR.

• The Mumbai–Pune Expressway (2002) (officially Yashwantrao

Chavan Expressway) is India's first 6-lane wide
concrete tolled expressway. The expressway is not part
of NHAI highway network has been built, operated and maintained
wholly by the Government of Maharashtra via Maharashtra State
Road Development Corporation.

• Yamuna Expressway is a 6-lane wide (expandable to 8) and

165.5 km long expressway in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is
presently India's sixth longest expressway and connects Greater
Noida with Agra. The Expressway was developed by Yamuna
Expressway Industrial Development Authority (YEIDA)
 Express-Ways
• The Agra–Lucknow Expressway is a 302 km long, 6-lane wide (extendable
to 8-lanes) long expressway constructed by the Uttar Pradesh Expressways
Industrial Development Authority (UPEIDA). It is presently one of the 2nd
India's longest operational expressways.

• Purvanchal Expressway is a 340.8 km long, 6-lane wide (expandable to

8) expressway in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. The expressway
connects Lucknow district with Ghazipur district. It is developed by
the Uttar Pradesh Expressways Industrial Development Authority. It is
presently one of the 1st India's longest operational expressways.

• The Delhi–Mumbai Expressway is a 1,350 km long, 8-lane wide

(expandable to 12-lane) under-construction (partially
operational) expressway connecting India's national capital New Delhi to
its financial capital Mumbai. It will be the longest expressway in India. It is
expected to be completed by the end of 2025.
 National Highways
• National Highways are designated with NH, followed by the highway number.

• The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) and the National Highways and
Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited (NHIDCL) are the authorities
responsible for the development, maintenance and management of the National
Highways in India.

• Currently, the longest national highway in India is National Highway 44 at 4,112 km

connecting Srinagar to Kanyakumari.

• The shortest national highway is NH766EE, which spans 4.27 km

from Hettikeri to Belekeri port in Karnataka.

• The Leh–Manali Highway connecting Leh in Ladakh to Manali in Himachal

Pradesh is the world's second highest-altitude motorable highway after Umling-la
in Ladakh
National Highways numbering system
1) All north-south oriented highways will have even numbers
increasing from the east to the west.
2) All east-west oriented highways will have odd numbers increasing
from the north to the south.
3) All major Highways will be single digit or double digit in number.
4) Three-digit numbered highways are secondary routes or branches
of a main highway.

The first National Highway in India was the old NH-1. It linked the
National capital Delhi to Attari in Punjab near Indo-Pak Border.
Now as per the new numbering system, NH 1 runs between Union
Territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh.
 Important Tunnels
Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee Tunnel
1) It also known as Chenani-Nashri Tunnel is
a road tunnel in Jammu and Kashmir
2) It is India's longest road tunnel with a length
of 9.28 km
3) It reduces the distance between Jammu and
Kashmir by 30 Km and travel time by 2 hrs.
4) It is on NH44
 Important Tunnels
Atal Tunnel
1) Atal Tunnel (also known as Rohtang
Tunnel), named after former Prime Minister of
India, Atal Bihari Vajpayee is a highway tunnel
built under the Rohtang Pass
2) It on the National Highway 3 in Himachal
Pradesh, India
3) At a length of 9.02 km, it is the highest highway
single-tube tunnel above 10,000 feet (3,048 m)
in the world
 Important Tunnels
Banihal Qazigund Road Tunnel

1) Banihal Qazigund Road Tunnel is a road tunnel at

elevation of 1,790 m (5,870 ft) in the Union
Territory of Jammu and Kashmir in India, below
the Banihal Pass
2) On NH 44
3) The tunnel reduces the distance between the cities
of Srinagar and Jammu by 16 km
 Important Tunnels
Banihal-Qazigund Railway Tunnel

1) The Banihal-Qazigund Railway Tunnel or Pir Panjal

railway tunnel is an 11.215 kilometres long railway
tunnel located in Pir Panjal Range of
middle Himalayas in Jammu and Kashmir, India.
2) For a short time, Banihal-Qazigund Railway Tunnel was
India's longest railway tunnel
3) Once completed, the 11.55 km long rail tunnel
between Senapati and Imphal West districts on Jiribam–
Imphal line will surpass the Pir Panjal Railway Tunnel as
India's longest tunnel.
THANK YOU