QUOTES FOR DIFFERENT SUBJECTS

Compiled By: CSS With Fazal Abbas Baloch

CSS WITH FAZAL ABBAS BALOCH

WhatsApp: 0310 6017734
 QUOTES of Key Authors
Compiled by: CSS With Fazal Abbas Baloch
When seen in the perspective of history, whether accepted by Sufis or not, it is in
the rejection of monism that Sheikh’s claim for being the Mujadad of his age.
(I.H.Qureshi)
Sheikh Ahmad, an individual from Sirhind, rich in knowledge and vigorous in
action. I associated with him for few days and found marvelous things in his
spiritual life. He will turn into a light which will illuminate the world. (Khwaja
Qutb ud din Bakhtiar Kaki as quoted by S.M.Ikram)
Sufis played a major role in converting people to Islam in regions: Africa, South
and Central Asia. (Malcolm Clark, Islam for Dummies) There were indeed Sufis
and saints who saved Islam, and not rulers, ulema and politicians (Iftikhar ahmad,
Men of Light)
It was informed through Ilham that I would have to undertake this responsibility.
The time has come when every injunction of the Sharia and instruction of Islam
should be presented to the world in a rational manner. (Shah Waliullah as Quoted
by S.M Ikram)
Aligarh Movement
Syed’s services to his community may be summarized in three terse phrases; loyalty
to the British, devotion to education, aloofness from politics. (K.K Aziz, The
making of Pakistan)
He bases his pro-British attitude on three strong foundations. First, the only way of
wiping off the stigma of Muslim instigation of the mutiny was to make friends with
the British and thus to make them disabuse their minds of the idea that Muslim were
their traditional enemies. He was sagacious enough to realize that British control
would not cease in any foreseeable future. It was ordinary common sense to be on
good terms with the rulers. (K.K. Aziz TMOP)
I.H.Qureshi on Acquisition of Western Knowledge: “ The Muslims were inimical to
Western education for three reasons: they considered it inferior to traditional
Islamic learning it was being forced upon them by foreign people and they saw no
of it for themselves. To learn English and acquire Western Knowledge went against
their pride, their memory of bygone superiority and their attachment to the learning
of Islam. They thought that an education saturated with Christianity might corrupt
their beliefs.”
“They (Muslims) came to respect themselves. The pessimism of the post-mutiny
days gave way to what was almost a feeling of buoyancy. No longer was their
loyalty questioned in British quarters. No longer did the Hindus dismiss them with a
shake of the head. They were catching up in education. The Aligarh college was
producing graduates who could fill the vacancies in government offices reserved for
Muslims.”
(K.K Aziz) Gandhi described Sir Syed as “the prophet of education”.
William Hunter wrote in The Indian Musalmans that the “British attitude changed
with Syed’s efforts.”
V.A. smith on Two-Nation Theory by Sir Syed: “Sir Syed was not concerned with
material things only. His Movement was one of general reforms. It was inspired by
the thought that the Muslims of India were a separate people and nation who must
not be absorbed within Hinduism.”
Dar-ul-Uloom produced mullahs who were skillful in theological hair splitting,
competent in expounding the orthodoxies of their particular sects, but completely
ignorant of modern movements and development and developments even in Islam.”
(K.K.Aziz)
V.A. Smith: they (deoband movement) started with the good objective, but most of
them chosen wrong path when it came to separate nationhood.”

Political Situation at the advent of 20th century

Sir Syed said that ‘establishment of Congress shows that different castes and creeds
living in India form one nation, which is impossible.”
Importance of Simla Deputation – I.H. Qureshi “The Simla Deputation occupies a
crucially important place in the history of Muslim-India. For the first time the
Hindu-Muslim conflict was lifted to the constitutional plan. The rift in the society
was now to be reflected in legal and political institutions. The Muslims made it
clear that they had no confidence in the Hindu majority that they were not prepared
to put their future in the hands of assemblies elected on the assumed basis of a
homogenous Indian nation. By implication the Muslims rejected the idea of a single
Indian nation on the ground of that the Muslim majority had an entity and could not
be merged into Hindu majority.”
The Muslim League was thus a child of four factors: Firstly, the old belief uttered
by Syed Ahmed Khan that the Muslims were somehow a separate entity. Secondly,
the Hindu character of the Indian National Congress which did not allow the
Muslims to associate themselves with other Indians. Thirdly, the agitation against
the partition of Bengal which conveyed to the Muslims the Hindu designs of
domination. And, finally, the Muslim desire to have their own exclusive electorates
for all representative institutions. (K.K. Aziz)
Loyalty was rewarded with treachery. (KK Aziz)
I.H.Qureshi on Annulment in 1911: Muslim reaction to these decisions was
naturally bitter. For years the government of India and Home government had been
telling the Muslims that the decision regarding the partition of Bengal was final and
would not be reopened. Such flagrant disregard for solemn promises created a
feeling of distrust among the Muslims. They lost all faith in British pledges. They
were convinced that the Government listened only to sedition and clamour, that
constitutional approaches did not pay, that loyalty was rewarded with treachery.”
K.B.Sayeed, Pakistan: The Formative Phase “Congress accepted Separate electorate
for the first and last time.”
Accepted means Congress wasn’t representative of Muslims. (KK Aziz)
It was culmination of Quaid’s persistent efforts for Hindu-Muslim Unity. Sarojini
naidu rightly titled him as ‘Ambassador of Hindu-Muslim Unity”. KK AZIZ
Quaid: ‘Self Government is not possible, until both join hands together’.
KK Aziz: Khilafat Movement trained the Muslims in political action and agitation.
Post Partition brief
Bhutto tried to divide, balance and supplant the army. His goal was to bring it under
his own control and to whittle away its claim to be the sole defender of Pakistan.”
Stephen P. Cohen
Bhutto thus managed to alienate a powerful political force without actually reaping
the benefits of the reforms. Stephen Cohen
Basic Principles of democratic governance are popular sovereignty – authority of
people who exercise good judgment, Autonomy – personal freedoms, and equality –
including equal opportunities. James Kloppenberg
Initial obstacles to democratic governance: The initial focus remained on security
institutions, under a fear of collapse and aggressive India, rather than democratic
institutions.
Pakistan is a prisoner of its geography and history. Maleeha Lodhi, Pakistan beyond
the crisis state
Indian attack on Kashmir accentuated the fear that India is bent upon engulfing the
smaller neighbours. Lawrence Ziring
Militarily the country was defenceless and Indian policies were calculated to stifle
the new state. IH Qureshi
Cabinet and other high political appointments reflected a paucity of talent among
the politicians. Hamid Yusuf, Pakistan: A study of political developments
The civil-military bureaucracy has dominated governance owing to the inherent
weakness of political parties and their incompetent leadership, resulting in the
derailment of democracy thrice, in 1958, 1977 and 1999. Dr. Noor-ul-Haq
Leading a movement and organizing a political party are two different things.
Hamid Khan
For any healthy constitutional and political system to function smoothly, strong and
well-entrenched political parties are essential … Unfortunately, political parties in
Pakistan have failed to develop into strong vehicles of national political will. Hamid
Khan
Pakistan will be a vase to bring up Muslim intellectuals, economists, educationists,
doctors, engineers. They will spread in the Middle East. This entire belt would
become a third block. Quaid-e-azam as seen by contemporaries, Jamil-ud-din
Ahmad
Persistent challenges to the democratic governance
Chronic instability and an oligarchic-dominated political order impeded the
evolution of modern governance. Maleeha Lodhi, Pakistan Beyond
Power, Privilege and Patronage are basis and fault lines of Pakistan’s democracy.
Anatol Lieven
America wasn’t a pro-western, stable, prosperous and democratic Pakistan, but in
that order. Stephen C
Corruption by elected governments within a fragile democratic structure can be not
only a factor in undermining the economy, and intensifying the deprivation of the
poor, but it also erodes the very legitimacy of the political system. Akmal Hussain
Bengal Dismemberment
The fact of physical separation has always meant economic separation at least in the
sense that there was no easy and free mobility of capital and labour. KB Sayeed
The underdeveloped countries must consciously accept a philosophy of growth and
shelve for the distant future all ideas of equitable distribution and welfare state.
Mahbub ul haq
Instead of opting for a looser confederal form of government and consociations type
of executive, the power elites decided in favour of a highly centralized presidential
system. KB Sayeed
It seems that attempts to impose certain Unitarian cultural –religious concepts and a
centralized constitution brought Pakistan to the verge of disintegration. KB Sayeed
The Pakistan army was almost entirely recruited from four districts of northern
Punjab (Rawalpindi, Campbellpur, Jhelum and Gujrat) and two districts of the
Frontier Province (Peshawar and Kohat)
The delay in producing a constitutional framework made the reconciliation of these
two dialectically different inheritances a far more difficult and almost hopeless task.
Lawrence Ziring
Our History of dysfunctional democracy has caused us great grief, most hauntingly
in the separation of East Pakistan in 1971. Gen. Pervez Musharaf
The integration of the nation, split at its birth into two segments separated from one
another by a thousand miles of India territory, was a daunting exercise. Lawrence
Ziring
Operation Searchlight: “The violence was totally counterproductive. The Bengali
Population’s desire for self-determination was reinforced rather than diminish. The
likelihood of an independent Bangladesh was increased as around 7 million people
fled to India, thereby internationalizing the crisis in East Pakistan” KB Sayeed
Pakistan’s failure to strengthen her political institutions and her political frailty
were an invitation to disaster. If the politicians blundered…the military harmed the
country, no less with its repeated intervention in civil affairs. Both are at fault, and
both cause each other for causing greater disservice to the state. Gen. KM Arif
ISLAMIZATION OF PAKISTAN:
Jinnah’s resort to religion was not an ideology to which he was ever committed… it
was simply a way of giving a semblance of unity and solidity to his divided Muslim
Constituents. Ayesha Jalal
General Zia’s decade in power was a setback for a faltering democratic process and
ushered in an era of religious obscurantism that affected every facet of domestic life
and foreign policy. Ziad Haider
Pakistan, which was created in the name of Islam, will continue to survive only if it
sticks to Islam. That is why I consider the introduction of Islamic system as an
essential prerequisite for the country. Zia’s first speech as Chief Martial Law
Administrator.
‘The hadd punishment did not deter robbery, rape, murder, theft or drug abuse, if
anything they encouraged the brutalization of society.” Ian Talbot
Zia-ul-Haq’s prescription for Pakistan’s political ills was a hefty dose of
depoliticisation and Islamization. Such medicine, rather than acting as a palliative
exacerbated the underlying malady. Ian Talbot
Gen. Zia cleverly used Islam to consolidate his power and legitimize his military
rule. He expanded military’s role from defenders of territorial integrity to the
protectors of ideological frontiers. Zahid H
To defy the US would have meant grave consequences. Pakistan lacked the means
and resources to chart an independent path. In this atmosphere of overwhelming
coercion and fear, the only rational choice was total and complete cooperation. Dr.
Tughral Yamin
National Security:
National security is an inter-disciplinary concept including the traditional military
security as well as non-traditional security objectives such as economic security,
energy security, food security, ecological and environmental security and socio-
political security.
Pakistan’s Security Dilemma: Originating from, unfinished agenda of partition
Kashmir, a hostile neigbourhood coupled with its geographical placement in a
highly volatile region (Wars in Afghanistan, Iranian ideological aspirations.
Pakistan was the target of hybrid or indirect war in 1971. New Delhi’s hybrid
strategy (promotion of Mujib’s six-point plan, the genocide and refugees narrative,
training the Mukti Bahini, the Indo-Soviet Friendship Treaty) all laid the ground for
the coup de grace of Indian military intervention in East Pakistan. Munir Akram
The unholy alliance between military and mullah had been a major factor in the
country’s drift to Islamic fundamentalism. Zahid Hussain
Tribalism, feudalism, weak governance, corruption and poor socio-economic
governance are threat enablers; sectarianism, sub-nationalism and extremism are
threat multipliers. M Ali Babakhel
Sovereignty : The supreme power in the state ( Aristotle). It is the supreme power
over citizens and subjects unrestrained by law ( Jean Bodin)
You have carved out a territory, a vast territory. It is all yours: it does not belong to
a Punjabi or a sindhi or a pathan or a Bengali. It is all yours. You have got your
central government where several units are represented. Therefore, if you want to
build yourself up into a nation, for God’s sake give up this provincialism. Quaid e
Azam
The migratory elite, urban middle class, bureaucracy and the army believed in the
centralization of power and mono-ethnic tendencies. Rehana Saeed Hashmi
Demands for complete independence, confederation with only residual powers for
the centre, greater autonomy within the federal structure, creation of new provinces
for the groups not having their own province, and altering the provincial boundaries
to create ethnically more homogenous provinces have been voiced from time to
time. Feroz Ahmad
Sallust a great philosopher states ‘ by union the smallest states thrive, by discord the
greatest destroyed’
Pakistan’s lack of national cohesion on the one hand and its location in a tough
neighbourhood dictates that it should maintain a strong defence establishment.
Shuja Nawaz
The Pakistan Army is seen by many as a corporate entity that functions as the most
effective political party in the country, protecting its interests, sometimes at the
expense of national interests. Shuja Nawaz
A troubled political system like ours cannot be effectively managed singlehandedly
by either the civilian or the military elite alone. They need to work in harmony,
pursuing cooperation where they need to work together and, at the same time
respecting each other’s institutional autonomy. The shared policymaking areas
include internal and external security affairs and the interaction between the
demands of national security on internal political and economic matters as well as
the financial implications of security. Dr. Hassan Askari
Since its independence, Pakistan’s foreign policy has been determined primarily by
its geopolitical environment and concomitant compulsions of national security and
territorial integrity. Shamshad A
Pakistan’s alignment policy was shaped by its acute sense of insecurity within the
regional context, primarily with India and secondly with Afghanistan and for
revival of economy. Jamal Shah
Pakistan was under tremendous pressure to comply with the US. Through UN
resolutions, Washington had already built an international consensus on combating
terrorism which Pakistan could not ignore. Given the prevailing mood in
Washington, any reservation or reluctance on Pakistan’s part would have been seen
as ‘defiance’ and triggered grave consequences including economic sanctions and
possibly military reprisal. Shamshad Ahmad
Kashmir had the greatest strategic value, perhaps, in all India. Gandhi
Due to the strategic position that the state holds, if this state joins the Indian
dominion, Pakistan would be completely encircled. Sheikh Abdullah
The faint hope for a reasonable settlement based on optimum self-governance for
Kashmiris and protection of vital interests of the two countries is extinguished. And
so is gone the possibility of any workable joint arrangement for Siachen and Sir
Creek to underpin a new cooperative paradigm for bilateral relations. Riaz
Mohammad Khan

Quotation Book
 In the words of Richard Crawley, “the strong do what they can and the weak
suffer what they must”.
 According to UNDP report, the youth bulge is Pakistan’s window of
opportunity to embark on a path of sustainable development.
 The world today acknowledges that all women can choose whichever
occupation they fancy. “Gender equality is not a women’s issue but should
concern and fully engage men as well as women. Equality between women
and men is seen both as a human rights issue and as a precondition for, and
indicator of, sustainable people-centered development.” (UN Women)
 Harris proposes four lessons from his examination of these revolutions. First,
“when imbalances develop in a society – at any level, local, national, or global
– a point will be reached when that society will become unstable” Second, “no
one can predict when and how a tipping point will occur. In each of the
 revolutions described, conditions had been building for decades” – a quotation
attributed to Aristotle in the time of the ancient Greeks states: “Revolutions
are not about trifles.” Third, “not every uprising becomes a fully-fledged
revolution straight away”. Fourth, “when revolutions became more than
uprisings, when the structures of societies were overturned, the consequences
were rarely predictable, but always far-reaching.” American revolutionaries in
the eighteenth century could hardly have imagined the enormous ramifications
of their civil war.
 “The worst form of inequality is to try to make unequal things equal”-
Aristotle
US History
 SHUJA Nawaz in his latest book “Battle for Pakistan” equates the US-
Pakistan relationship to “an estranged couple that shares the same bed but
dreams different dreams.
 DS Markey writes in an article “Behind China’s Gambit in Pakistan” that
“new geopolitical nexus between Pakistan and China was seen a threat by
Washington which did not want to lose leverage over its long-term South
Asian ally.”
 Another problem is India’s security cooperation with the US. It may be
difficult for Pakistan to establish relationship with a country that feeds the
very source of instability in the region.
Despite the fact that the US supports human rights, self-determination, fundamental
freedom and democracy across the world, it has brushed aside India’s flagrant
human rights abuse and its denial of inalienable rights of self-determination to
Kashmiris.India violated the UN Security Council resolutions on Kashmir by
absorbing IIOJK, yet the US neither criticizes it nor does it coerce India to cease its
systemic repression in Kashmir.Thus, it has created an unbridgeable chasm between
Pakistan and the US. Moreover, the US has established relations with Pakistan
through the prism of Afghanistan.
What drives Pakistan to establish relations with great powers are its economic and
strategic compulsions.
Given the chronic economic instability of the country, Pakistan has been in quest of
an economic benefactor that may help it in the time of economic crunch. The US
has either directly granted economic aids, grants and loans to Pakistan or through
leveraging global economic institutions such as the World Bank or the IMF. But the
economic help has not been bereft of strings. In this regard, Shuja Nawaz writes
that the “US foreign aid became primarily a tool for foreign policy, not
development policy in recipient nations.” Equally important, seeking the support of
great powers to resolve the Kashmir dispute has been a central plank of Pakistan’s
foreign policy.
 Zahid Hussain in his book “No-Win War: The Paradox of US-Pakistan
Relations in Afghanistan’s Shadow” mentions that the US administration
often “saw relations with Pakistan from a purely Afghan prism.
 What do we mean by the Revolution? The War? That was no part of the
Revolution; it was only an effect and consequence of it. The Revolution was
in the minds of the people and this was effected, from 1760 to 1775, in the
course of fifteen years before a drop of blood was shed at Lexington. The
records of thirteen legislatures, the pamphlets, newspapers in all the colonies,
ought to be consulted during that period to ascertain the steps by which the
public opinion was enlightened and informed concerning the authority of
Parliament over the colonies.
-^John Adams to Jefferson, 1815
 British statesman Lord Palmerston once said: “We have no eternal allies, and
we have no perpetual enemies. Our interests are eternal and perpetual, and
those interests it is our duty to follow.”