INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 2247
Third edition
2000-03-01
Packaging — Complete, filled transport
packages and unit loads — Vibration tests
at fixed low frequency
Emballages — Emballages d'expédition complets et pleins et charges
unitaires — Essais de vibration à basse fréquence fixe
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Reference number
ISO 2247:2000(E)
© ISO 2000
ISO 2247:2000(E)
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ISO 2247:2000(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard ISO 2247 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 122, Packaging, Subcommittee
SC 3, Performance requirements and tests for means of packaging, packages and unit loads (as required by
ISO/TC 122).
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This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 2247:1985), which has been technically revised.
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Annex A forms a normative part of this International Standard.
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ISO 2247:2000(E)
Introduction
It is the responsibility of the user of this International Standard to establish appropriate health and safety practice in
accordance with relevant legislation.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 2247:2000(E)
Packaging — Complete, filled transport packages and unit
loads — Vibration tests at fixed low frequency
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies methods to carry out vibration tests on complete, filled transport packages or
unit loads using sinusoidal excitation at fixed frequency. These tests may be used to assess the performance of
packages and unit loads in terms of the strength or the protection that they offer to their contents when subjected to
low frequency vibration. These tests may be performed either as a single test to investigate the effects of low
frequency vibration or as a part of a sequence of tests designed to measure the ability of a package or unit load to
withstand a distribution system that includes a vibration hazard at low frequency or repetitive shocks.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
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this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these
publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to
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investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For
undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC
maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.
ISO 2247:2000
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ISO 2206, Packaging — Complete, filled transport packages — Identification of parts when testing.
38f32e1a345e/iso-2247-2000
ISO 2233, Packaging — Complete, filled transport packages and unit loads — Conditioning for testing.
ISO 2234, Packaging — Complete, filled transport packages and unit loads — Stacking tests using static load.
3 Term and definition
For the purposes of this International Standard, the following term and definition applies.
3.1
test specimen
a complete, filled transport package or unit load
4 Principle
The test specimen is placed on a vibration table and subjected to a vibration using an approximately sinusoidal
excitation at a fixed low frequency. The atmospheric conditions, the duration of the test, the peak acceleration, the
attitude of the test specimen and any method of restraint are predetermined.
NOTE When required, a load may be superimposed on the test specimen to simulate conditions at the bottom of a stack.
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ISO 2247:2000(E)
5 Apparatus
5.1 Vibration equipment, meeting the following requirements:
a) capable of operating at a fixed peak to peak vertical component displacement and operational frequency within
the range selected from Figure A.1 (see normative annex A). A rotary movement of the table is allowed;
b) of sufficient size and performance, in terms of power, displacement, frequency range and stiffness. Its lowest
resonant frequency shall be higher than the highest test frequency. It shall be horizontal within a maximum
angular deviation of 0,3°.
NOTE The table may be equipped with:
1) low fences to restrict sideways and endways movements during testing;
2) high fences or other means of maintaining a superimposed load in position on the test specimen during testing;
3) means to simulate the method of restraining the test specimen during transit.
5.2 Instrumentation, if required, meeting the following requirements:
a) comprising accelerometers, signal conditioners and data display or storage devices to measure and control the
accelerations at the test surface;
b) having an acceleration response accurate to within ± 5 % over the frequency range specified for the test.
6
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Test specimen preparation and conditioning
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6.1 Preparation
ISO 2247:2000
Fill the test specimen with itshttps://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/bee0c09d-0647-4dc2-94e0-
intended contents and ensure that the test specimen is closed normally, as if ready for
distribution. 38f32e1a345e/iso-2247-2000
NOTE Simulated or substitute contents may be used provided that the dimensions and physical properties of such
contents are as close as possible to those of the intended contents. The normal method of closure should still be used.
6.2 Conditioning
The test specimen shall be conditioned in accordance with one of the conditions described in ISO 2233.
7 Procedure
7.1 Common procedure for methods A and B
7.1.1 Wherever possible, the test shall be carried out in atmospheric conditions identical to those used for
conditioning, particularly where this is critical to the materials or application of the test specimen. In other
circumstances, the test shall be carried out in atmospheric conditions which approximate those used for
conditioning as closely as is practicable.
7.1.2 Place the test specimen in the predetermined attitude on the vibration table (see 5.1), with the centre of its
lowest face or its centre of gravity placed as near as practicable to the centre of the table; if the test specimen is not
secured to the table it may be fenced.
7.1.3 If a superimposed load is required, the loading procedure shall comply with ISO 2234.
7.1.4 Subject the test specimen to vibration according to either method A (see 7.2) or method B (see 7.3).
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ISO 2247:2000(E)
7.2 Method A
7.2.1 Operate the vibration table to give an acceleration at a selected level between 0,5 g and 1,0 g with the test
specimen not separating from the table.
7.2.2 Perform the test at a peak to peak displacement selected from Figure A.1 of annex A, at a fixed frequency
within the appropriate frequency range, to produce a test acceleration between 0,5 g and 1,0 g.
7.3 Method B
7.3.1 Operate the vibration table to give an acceleration at a selected level such that the test specimen separates
from the table causing repetitive shocks.
7.3.2 Select the desired vibration amplitude, start vibration of the test specimen at a frequency of 2 Hz and slowly
increase it until the test specimen repeatedly separates from the vibration table.
NOTE 1 Separation of the test specimen from the vibration table may be determined by inserting a 1,5 mm to 3,0 mm thick
spacer, with a minimum width of 50 mm, under at least 1/3 of the base area of the test specimen. This may be done by moving
the spacer along the base of the test specimen during the test.
NOTE 2 The results of the test may be influenced by the thickness of the spacer.
8 Test report
The test report shall include:
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a)
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a reference to this International Standard;
b) ISO
the name and address of the testing laboratory 2247:2000
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d) the date of receipt of the test specimens and the date(s) of performance of the test;
e) the name, title and signature of persons accepting test responsibility for the test report;
f) a statement to the effect that the test results relate only to the specimens tested;
g) a statement that the report shall not be reproduced except in full without the written approval of the testing
laboratory;
h) the number of replicate test specimens tested;
i) a full description, including dimensions, structural and material specifications of the test specimen and its
fittings, cushioning, blocking, closure and reinforcing arrangements, gross mass of the test specimen and mass
of the contents in kilograms;
j) a description of the contents and if simulated or substituted contents were used, full details shall be given;
k) the relative humidity, the temperature and time of conditioning, the temperature and relative humidity of the test
area at the time of the test, whether these values comply with the requirements of ISO 2233;
l) the method used (A and/or B);
m) the attitudes in which the test specimen was tested, using the method of identification specified in ISO 2206;
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ISO 2247:2000(E)
n) the vertical motion of the table, whether linear, linear inclined, circular, elliptical or other, the vertical and
horizontal peak to peak displacement, the fixed frequency and the duration of the test;
o) whether a superimposed load was used and if so, the mass, in kilograms, of the superimposed load and the
period of time during which the test specimen was under load;
p) the method of restraint, and whether low or high fences were used;
q) any deviations from the test method described in this International Standard;
r) a record of the result, including any observations which assist in the correct interpretation of the results.
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Annex A
(normative)
Peak acceleration
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C (g) = peak acceleration in terms of acceleration due to gravity g
a = peak to peak amplitude, expressed in millimetres
f = frequency, expressed in hertz
Figure A.1 — Peak acceleration
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