>

Management of Sporting Events

> Functions of Sports Events Management

Planning: tis the process of creating a comprehensive

action plan to achleve organisational goal(s). Planning
is an ongoing step, and can be highly specialised based
on organisational goals, division goals, departmental
goals, and team goals.

Organising: This Includes distributing resources and

organising personnel in arder to achieve the goals
established In the planning Function.

Staffing: This refers to identifying key staff positions,

and to ensuring that the proper talent Is serving that
specific Job duty In order to achieve the alms and
objectives of an organisation.

Directing: Directing personnel Is a leadership quallty,

and Includes letting staff know what needs to be
done, and also by when. It includes supervision of
personnel while simultaneously motivating them.
Controlling: Controlling refers to all the processes
that leaders create to monitor success, It involves
establishing performance standards, measuring actual

Committee on
Entries and
Programmes

Sending entry forms to the various

institutions, arranging seats for
guests and spectators and preparing
Fixtures of teams participating In the
competition.

Committee For

Selecting officials, Judges, referees,

Officials starters, umpires, recorders, scorers,

etc. For the events.

Announcement Making several Important

Committee announcements during the conduct of

the event, eg., names of the players
during the presentation ceremony,
while substituting a player, etc.

First Ald Consisting of well-qualified doctors,

Committee physicians and health experts, it is

responsible for taking care of health of

the players, or officials during an Injury
or mishappening.

> Pre, During ond Post Tournament Rasponalbilitias of

Committees

> Technical Committee

ee

performance and comparing them Irregularities.

> Varlous Committees and their Responsibilities: The
various committees and thelr roles are described below:

Name of the Roles and Responsibilities

Committee
Publicity Announcement of date, venue, and
Committee advertising any other information

about the event to the public.

Boarding and
Lodging Committee

Arranging accommodation and Food for

the participating teams and Its players.

Reception Walcoming the chlef guests

Committee and Important personnel In the

inauguration or closing ceremony of
the event.

Oecoration Decorating the sports stadium or the

and Ceremony ceremony area during the Inauguration,

Committee or presentation.

Transportation

Providing transport to varlous national

Committee and International teams Involved In the

event,

Grounds and Preparing sultable ground/field for the

Equipment event, for example, a cricket pltch ora

Committee Football ground,

Committee for
Entertalnment and
Refreshments

Providing refreshment and snacks

to the chlef guests, officials and
competitors.
® Pre-sports Evont/Tournament: Before the event,
It ig the Job of the Technical Cammittee to put
forward a requisition to purchase equipment,
invitatlon and confirmation from officials to
conduct sports event, cleaning and layout of the
flalds arrangement af equipment and statlanery,
preparation of Fixtures, rules and regulation of the
sports event.

* During Sports Evont/Tournomont: While

the tournament Is In progress, the Technical
Committee is responsible for conducting matches,
presence of the jury, cleaning and layout of the
flelds, collection of score sheets and other related
papers from officials, preparation of merit list, etc,

* Post-Sports Event/Tournament: After the event

Is over, the Technical Committee arranges For the
cleaning and layout of the Fields, malntanance
of the Fleld, and placing of all equipment back to
store.

> Logistics Committee

© Pre-Sports Evont/Tournamant: It Is the duty of

the Logistics Committee to look after Placement/
Arrangement/Requisition of purchase of statlonery,
chalrs, tables souvenirs, light and sound
aquipmont, bouquets, sanding invitations to
stakeholders Including other schools/institutilons

i
and VIP quests, requisition of purchase of medals
and certificates, arrangement of refreshments,
arrangement of boarding and lodging, selection
of volunteers, preparation of first aid kit and
arrangement of medical Facilities.

e During Sports Event/Tournament: While the

event is in progress, the Logistics Committee
Is responsible For the conduct of the Opening
and Clasing Ceremonies, checking registration,
distribution of refreshment, management of
spectators, handing over of medals and certificates,
transportation of players/participants from place
of stay to the field and back.

e Post-Sports Event/Tournament: After the event,

the Logistics Committee supervises cleaning of
the venue and placing of the items back in thelr
appointed places.

>» Finance Committee

® Pra-Sports Event/Tournament: Before the event,

it Is the responsibility of Finance Committee to
prepare the budget, to purchase sports equipment,
stationery, medals, certificates, and other
requirements as desired by the other committees,
as well as preparing and Finalising the MoU with
sponsors.

e During Sports Event Tournament: During the

course of the event, the Finance Committee keeps
a check on the outflow and Inflow of finances
including payment and remuneration to officials.

© Post-Sports Event/Tournament: Once the

event Is over, the Finance Committee examines
all records related to settlement of the bills and
accounts, and prepares the Alnanclal report.

>» Marketing Committoo

e Pre-Sports Event/Tournament: The Marketing

Cammittee prepares a strategy For arranging For
sponsorships, publicity of the event, arranging
meetings or calling on sponsors, preparation of
MoUs For sponsorships, etc.

© During Sports Event/tournamant: The Marketing

Committee issues press release(s), work with
madia, manages methods of communication,
fulfils the requirements of sponsors as per MoUs,
arrangement For telecast of event, etc.

© Post-Sports Event/Tournament: Once the event

is over, the Committee issues a press release, and
may arrange For a re-telecast of the event.

> Tournament: Atournament|s a series of games or matches

played among players or teams to determine the winnar. It

provides an opportunity to demonstrate skills, evaluates

one's performance and motivate players to perform well,

attract people towards sports to make sports popular and

provide healthy entertainment.

Typas of Tournament: The various types of tournaments

are mentioned below:

> Knock-out or Eliminatlon Tournomant: In a knock

out tournament, winner of each match advances
In the tournament and the loser gets eliminated. It
means that the defeated team/player does not get a

>

second opportunity and opportunities are only given

to the winning teams/players.

>» League or Round Robin Tournament: In this type of

tournament, each team plays with every other team
once, iFit is a single league tournament. In a double
league tournament, each team plays twice with
every other team. In these types of tournaments,
every team plays with every other team irrespective
of victory or defeat. It can be called the best type
of tournament because it provides the maximum
number of opportunities to each team/player to
demonstrate its efficiency.

> Combination Tournament: Combination tournaments

are conducted when the matches are to be played on
group basis or zonal basis. As a matter of Fact, these
tournaments depend on the suitability of the activity,
the number of participating teams and the areas and
distance From which they come to participate. After
that, winner of each zone can participate at national
level. Depending upon the number of teams in each
zone and the availability of time, the tournament can
be organised on the basis of knock-out or league and
after that at national level, the tournament can also
be conducted elther on knock-out or league basis.

Main combinations of a tournament are:

>» Knock-out cum Knock-out

>» League cum League
>» Knock-out cum League
>» League cum Knock-out
Procedure to Draw Fixtures: Knock-out (Bye and
Seeding) and League (Staircase and Cyclic); The success of
a tournament depends upon suitable fixture. Tournaments
are played in various farms of fixture. Fixture is a process of
arranging the teams in a systematic order in various groups
for competitive fights for physical activity. In other words, It
is a set-up of various teams for competitive matches where
they play in the systematic order as per fixture schedule.

Fixtures In Knock-out Tournaments: In such tournaments,

some taams may be given a bye and soma are givan seeding

if the number of competitors or competing teams are nota

multiple of 2.

> Byo: When the number of entries In a knock-out

tournament is not a power of two, we have to give
byes to teams so that only Four teams are left In the
sembfinals. All the byes have to be given In the first
round because a rest In the beginning does not give
any advantage to a player or a team. The number of
byes should be such that the number of contestants
loft should be in the power of two, /.e., 2, 4, 8, 16
or 32 etc, To arrive at the number of byes required,
we subtract the number of contestants (say 11) from
the next higher power of two (In thls case 16), Byes
should be distributed equally or as equally as possible,
between the upper and the lower halves.

» Seeding: There may be situatlons In a tournament

that strong teams compete with weak teams or all
strong teams are grouped in one half. There may
also be a possibility that strong teams do not win
thelr preliminary matches which may be a stralght

i
elimination of the team. Seeding method is used
to avold such kind of situations. IF two teams need
seeding, then they are kept at the top of the upper
half and bottom of the lower half in the arrangement.
All top teams except seeded teams are kept in the
fixture by lots.

For the selection of strong teams, their previous

performances must also be kept in mind, to keep
them at thelr appropriate places.

> Fixtures in League Tournaments: The methods used for

drawing up fixtures in league tournaments are:

>» Staircase Method: In this method, Fixtures are made

exactly on the pattern of a staircase. This is the easiest
method as no byes are given in this method and there
is no problem of odd or even numbers of teams.

>» Cyclic Mathod: In this method, when the number of

the participating teams Is an even number, one team
is Fixed at top right hand position and the rest team
numbers follow In ascending order consecutively on
the right side downwards and left side upwards. But
when the total number of teams Is an odd number,
a bye is used at the right top place. Rest procedure
remains unchanged. Rotatlon ts done in clockwise
direction. If the number of teams Is an even number,
the number of rounds In this case will be (N-1). To the
contrary, iF is an odd number, the number of rounds
will remain equal to the number of taams, /e., N.

> Tabular Method

In this method, the fixtures are drawn in a tabular form.

The numbers of columns to be drawn horizontally as well
as vertically ara:

® For even number of teams, N +1 columns

® For odd number of teams, N +2 columns

Mathod of Daciding the Winner in 4 League Tournomont

> British Method

Total points obtained

Total possible points

Percentage of points =

The Following way is used to give the points,

Winner of the match = 2 points
Loser of the match = 0 point
Draw/Tle » 1 paint
>» American Method
Matches won
a x100
Pereeniage Total matches played

Intramural Tournaments:

The meaning of the word ‘Intramural’ Is ‘within the walls’.

In context of sports, it refers to o tournament conducted
within the walls of a single institution/school/communlity.

Intramural competitions/tournament are conducted

within players of one Institution,
>» Objectives and Significance of Intromural

Tournaments: Few Important objectives and

significance of Intramural tournaments are as Follows:

® To encourage mass participation In sports In an

Institutlon.

® To focus on all-round development of children.

® To develop values like Fair play, respect, Friendship
through sports.
* To provide First opportunity to compete in a
controlled environment.
© To Focus on fitness, wellness and health aspects of
children.
Extramural Tournaments: The word extramural means
“outside the boundary or walls.” Extramural tournaments
are conducted between two or more players/teams of
different schools/colleges/institutions. Few important
objectives and significance of extramural tournaments are
as Follows:
>» To achieve high performance at highest level of the

tournament.

>» To develop the feeling of Integration with other

institutions.

>» To provide opportunltles for choosing a career In

sports.

>» To promote social, cultural, economic develapment

through sports.

Community Sports Programme: Community sports

programme ls a soclety-based program of connecting

and engaging people with opportunities to participate in

sports, exercise and Fitness activities,

Some communlty sports programmes are as Follows:

> Sports Day: It is one of the Important programmes

that Feature in the annual calendar of most residential
areas, community schools. It is an event not only to
showcase abilities and prowess of children and youth
on the sports fleld but also a great oppartunity For
community members to meet, greet and Interact with
each other,
In recent times, Government of India is celebrating
National Sports Day on 29th August on the occasion
of birth anniversary of Major Dhyan Chand, a hockey
legand.

> Health Run: Such kind of run is generally conducted

far the purpose of improving the health standards in
society and creating awareness about the importance
of physical activities for malntalning good health ar
for ralsing charity.

>» Run for Fun: The purpose of this run Is to spread

the message of staying Fit and healthy among the
masses. In schools, such races attract children and
their parents. Examples of such races are lemon and
spoon race, sack race, three legged race, parant and
child race, teacher and child race, banana race, road
running, etc,

>» Run For Spocifle Cause: This event Is generally

conducted to spread awareness about social Issues
like cleanliness, promoting green environment, etc,
Examples of this run are cancer, AIDS, gander
Inequality, etc.

> Run for Unity: In such a type of run the purpose |s to

promote the Feeling of Integrity and brotherhood In
communlky, state, nation or among different religions.

i
ok Practice Exercise
-) Multiple Choice Questions Q

Q1. Match List-! with List-ll and select the correct answer

Q6. Consider the following tournaments:

|. Single league

from the codes given below:

Il. Knock-out cum knock-out

Ill. League cum knock-out

List-I List-Il IV. Ladder

(Committee) (Function) Out of these, the types of combination tournaments
A. Boarding and (i) Welcoming the chief —
Lodging guest a. |. land Ill b. IL land IV
8. Publicity (il) Making several eae d hang v
announcements during, Q7. Knock-out tournament is also known as ......... :

the game

(CBSE 2023)

C. Announcement | (lil) Providing accommodation a. Emination tournament

and serving meals b. Rounc-robin tournament
O. Reception (iv) Announcement of date, League TOUIrSMment
venue to the public d. Challenge tournament
A BC oD A 8B C OD Q8. How many total matches will be played in a knock-
3. (i) O Ww W ba avy) WWW out fixture of 19 teams? (CBSE 2023)
c(i) (vy) (i) ay) oe Balt ae uh
Q 2. Match the following: Q9. How many byes will be given if 21 teams are
° ‘ participating in a knock-out tournament?
List-l Listell a. ll b. 12 c.10 d. 13
A. Technical () To provide shifting Q 10. How many byes will be given if there are
17 teams?
committee facility (CBSE SQP 2022-23)
B. Finance committee | (ll) To resalve dispute a.) b.8 C15 bie
Transport (ll) To deals with money QU. Archana a PE, Teacher of ABC School sent
invitations
committee and expenditure to 26 teams to play Kho-Kho under Khelo India
programme. All terms accepted the _ invitation.
D. First aid (iv) To provide medical Now, help Archana and suggest her which type
committee facilities of tournament she should organise to make the
(COSE SQP 2021 Torim-1) competition successfuL (CBSE 202] Torin-1)
A B Cc oO a. Knock-out tournament
b. League tournament
a. (ll) (ill) () (lv) é. RDLiceabin tournament
b. (lll) i) iv) d. Berper tournament
c. (il) (ii), (lv) i) Q 12. How many matches will be played in the knockout
d.(iv) (i) WW) tournaments first round ff there are 15 teams?
Q 3. Logistics committee deals with: (COSE 2021 Tari-1) 2.8 b.7 (ABE ERE a0ee eS)
a. Accommodation b. Transportation ci dé
c. Medical Staff d. All of these Q13, How many matches will be played In 2nd round,
if
Q 4. Which fixture Is also known as ‘Berger system'? 14 teams are participating In
a knock-out tournament?
(COSE SQP 2021 Torm-1) (CBSE 2021 Torin1)
a. Knockout fixture a.3 b.2
b. Round-rabin fixture c.4 d.6
c. Cambination fixture Q 14. Inalknock-out tournamant, if byes aro in odd numbers

d. Challenge tournament

Q6.

In a double league tournament, a total of how

then numbor of byes in lower half Is calculated by:

(CBSE 2021 Torin+1)

many matches are played during the league phase q, NB+1 p, N@=1
if 7 teams participate? 2
aie BAe pee d. NB -1
c. 21 d. 32 2
i

Q15.

Q 16.

Qu.

Q 18.

Q19.

Q 20.

Qel.

Q 22,

Q 23.

Q 24.

In a knock-out tournament, if 9 teams are

participating then number of byes in upper half will
be: (CBSE 2021 Term-1)

a.3 b.4 c, 5 d2

In a knock-out tournament, 4th Bye will given to:

(CBSE 2021 Term-1)

a. Last team of Lower half

b. Last team af Upper half

c. First team of Upper half

d. First team of Lower half

What is the formula to divide an odd number of

teams in the upper half for a knock-out fixture?

(CBSE 2021 ferm-1)

aN+V/2 = V2

c. N(N » 1)/2 d. N(N + 1)/2

Rohan and Satish organised a Volleyball tournament

on Knock-out basis. They found that the spectators
were losing interest In the tournament because two
good teams were out of the tournament as they
were defeated in the beginning.

Which provision could have avoided this kind of

situation? (CBSE SQP 202] Term-1)

a. Bye b. Seeding
c. Pools d. Halves
How many rounds will be played if the number of
teams are 29 In the knock-out fixture?
(CBSE SQP 2021 Yerm-1)

a5 b.6 c.7 d.4

Which of the following procedures is not used for
drawing up fixtures in a league tournament?

(CBSE SQP 202] Teri-])

b. Seeding method
d, Cyclic method

The formula for determining the number of rounds

in a single leaque fixture when the number of teams
is even? (CBSE SQP 2021 Term))
a.N -V2 caN-l d, N(N = 1)/2

How many byes will be given if there are 8 teams In

the league tournament? (COSE SQP 2021 Term-1)
a. 7 b.5 a4 d.O

If odd numbers of teams are participating In a

Round-robln tournament then the formula for
calculating numbor of rounds Is: (C8SESQP 2021 Yorm-1)

a.N=1 b. N(N - 1),

c.N d.N+1

Mr Gopti, Physical Education Teacher of a reputed

CBSE school has decided to conduct an Inter
School Kabaddi tournament in his school premises
after proper drawing of fixtures. He consulted the
Management and the Principal to conduct the
Tournament of Inter School Kabaddi pattern but the
Physical Education Teacher was not aware of Inter
School Kabaddi Tournament. So he discussed with
the Natlonal Kabaddi Referee Associatlon.

a. Tabular method
c. Staircase method

Which of the following Is the best method to organise

this kind of tournament? (CBSE SQP 2023-24)

a. Knock-out
c. Ladder

b. League
d. Pyramid

Q 25. Which of the following Is not an objective of

Extramural tournaments?

a. To develap spartsmanship

b. To provide recreation
c. To provide knowledge of new rules
d. To provide experience to students

-@) Assertion & Reason type Questions

Directions (Q, Nos. 26-29): There are two statements

marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements
and choese the appropriate aptian from the aptions given
below:

a. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and

Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).

b. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true. but Reason

(R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).

c. Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.

d. Assertion (A) Is false, but Reason (R) Is true.

Q 26. Assertion (A): The knock-out tournament is an

Q 27.

Q 28.

Q 29.

—
=

DwMInaMEPWwna

(
(
(
(
(
. (c) land Ill
(
(
(
(
(

elimination tournament.

Reason (R): In knock-out tournament, winner of each

match advances in the tournament and the loser
gets eliminated.

Assertion (A): League tournaments are considered

the best type of toumaments.

Reason (R): It provides maximum number of

opportunities to teams and the true winner Is picked
up easily at the end.
Assertion (A): There will be no byes in a single
knock-out tournament having 32 teams.

Reason (R): The third bya Is givan to tha uppermost

team of the upper half.

Assertion (A): In cyclic method, one team will be

fixed in position and the other will be placed In
rotation to complete the cycle.

Reason (R): To draw fixture for odd number of terms

one bye will be given to one team in one round and
in next round another team will get a bye.

| Answers
Vv

c) A-(Ill), _C-(il), O-()

a) A " te a C-(|), D-(Iv)
d) All of these

b) Round-robin fixture

b) 42

a) Elimination tournament
a) 18

a) 11

c) 15

a) Knock-out tournament

i
12. (b)7
13. (c)4
14 (a) NB+1
2

15. (a) 3

NB=16-9=7

NB-1 7-1 6

No. of byes In upper half = ee é|

16. (b) Last team of Upper half
17. (a) N+ 1/2
18. (b) Seeding
19. (a) 5
20. (b) Seeding method
21. (c) N-
22. (d)O
23. (c)N
24. (b) League
25. (b) To provide recreation
26. (a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and

Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion

(A).

27. (a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and
Reason (R) Is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).

28. (c) Assertion (A) Is true, but Reason (R) Is false.

Reason Is false because third bye Is given to the
first team of the lower half.

29. (b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but
Reason (R) Is not the correct explanation of
Assertion (A).

-@) Case Study Based Questions y

Case Study 1

Read the following passage and answer the following

questions.

While organising sports events for the Annual Sports

Day, Arjuna and Ravi being the captuin and vice-
captain of sports, formed various committees as
shown below: (CBSE SQP 2023-24)

Administrative
Director

Bogcubve
Committeo

‘
Organising Committwe
or gamog/sporu

Boarding and lodging |

Committoe |

Publicity Committae J

Racoplloncomminte | Decoration and caremony |

| TransportavonCommitteo |

| Grounds ond Equipment

Committed
Committee for antertalnmont Committag on ontrias, fixturas|
and rafrashmant and programmas
Committoo for officials |. —— >| Announcemont Committe

Based on the above given picture, answer the following

questions:
Q1. The members of this committee are responsible
for welcoming guests and spectators... e
Q 2. The Committee responsible for Uaison ‘witli Print
Media Is the ......csecseesenes Committee.
Q 3. Purchase of sports equipment is a work of the
sesanisnevauvennneente Committee.
Q4. Publication of rules and regulations should be

Or To prepare a proper score sheet for record Is

comaemnnandte responsibllity.

° Answers .
1. Logistic Committee
2. Marketing
3. Finance
4, pre-event
Or during tournament
Case Study 2

Read the following passage and answer the following

questions.

Competing in physical activities has been the

natural tendency of humans. The competitions or
tournaments are held according to the set rules and
regulations. The success of the tournament depends

upon suitable fixture, (CBSE Qyiastlon Bank)

A
B I
C N
N
D
E
0 E R

E ——- &
Based on the above given fixture, answer the following
questions:
Q 1. The advantage of thls tournament Is:
a. economical b. less time
c. Both a. and b. d. None of these

Q2. A privilege given to a team to play at a higher

round Is called:

a. fixture b. bye
c. reward d. All of these
Q 3. In this type of tournament, a team once defeated
gats:
a, eUminated b. wild card entry
c. another chance d. bye

| First Ald Commilteo

Answers
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (a)

i
Case Study 3
Toams IR OR WR WR VR
me! oye
: aC)
Rd
Qu aT)
{Lio @|—
(- 6
a ; @—
baa |
Q2 _ Bye ®
-10 Bye OI — Winnor
ms Bye
2 eat
Q3 3 —_
ue 14 @
= me @|—
v 16 Bye
4 17 Bye _@ (©)
Q4) 8 Bye
L.19 Bye

Based on the above given fixture, answer the following

questions: (CBSE SQP 2022.23)

Q1. Total number of matches in 2nd round are...

Q2. What is the formula for calculating the total number

of matches?
Q 3. The fourth round In this case can also bo called as
Q4. What is the formula for calculating the number of
byes?
Or The formula for calculating number of rounds is

Answers
1 8 2. N-] 3. Semi final 4, 2'—-N
Or n
Case Study 4
1-2,
1-3} 2-3,
1-41 2-41 3-4,
168} 2-51 3251405,
1-6! 2-61 3-6} 4-61 5-6,
1-7 | 2-7| 3-714-71 5-71 6-7,
1-B | 2-84 3-81.4-84 5-84 6-84 7-8

Based on the above given fixture, answer the following

questions: (CBSE 2023)

Q1. Which method is shown in the pictura to draw fixture

in league tournament?

Q 2. What Is the formula to calculate number of matches?

Q 3. In league or round-robin tournament, winner will be

decided on the basis of ........0600+

Q4. If 7 teams participate in a league tournament,

saseanveneneantaueed number of matches will be played.
- Answers —
1. Staircase method
2 Number of matches i
3. Gritish method
4. Number of matches ~ SG) -4x7=28

Case Study 5

Read the following passage and answer the following

questions.
Mr Kiren Rijuju, Sports Minister has ordered to
popularise the game of Kabaddi among school
students to develop their physical ability, Mr Tyagi,
Physical Education Teacher of a reputed CBSE
school has decided to conduct an Inter School
Kabaddi tournament in his school premises after
proper drawing of fixtures.
Q1. Which of the following is the best mathod to
organise this kind of tournament?
a. Knock-out b. League
c. Ladder d. Seeding
Q 2. The league tournament Is also known as:
a. combinatlan tournament
b. elmination tournament
c. round-robin tournament
d. league cum knock-out tournament
Q 3. What is the formula to determine number of rounds
in league fixture for even number of teams?

aN b. N-1/2
c N(N-1)/2 d. (N-1)
° Answers
1. (b) 2 (c) 3. (d)

“GY Very Short Answer type Questions

Q1. What do you understand by ‘Planning in Sports’?

(COSE 2019)

Ans, Planning |s a process of Identifying a goal. gathering

information about it through analysis and research,
developing, Implementing and executing the plans to
meet the desired goals efficiently in the field of sports.

Q 2. What do you mean by league tournament?

Ans. League tournament is also called round robin-

tournament. The league tournaments have fixed
schedules, where every team plays with every other
team Irrespective of victary or defeat.

Q 3. Round-robin tournament is of two types. Name

them and glve one major difference between them.
(CBSE 2017)

Ans. The two types of league or round-robin tournament are:

(i) Single League Tournament: In this, every team

plays against every other team once.

N(N—-1)

=>

Number of matches =

whore N Is the number of teams.

Gee eae

(il) Double League Tournament: In this, every team

plays against every other team twice.
Number of matches = N(N — 1). where N is
the number of teams.

Q 4. Fixtures are the schedule, fixed for the matches.

What is a bye? (CBSE 2017)

. A bye is a privilege given to a team by exempting it

from playing the first round, but plays the second
round.

Q5. What do you mean by Seeding’?

Ans, Seeding is the procedure by which good teams

are placed in fixtures in such a way that stronger

teams do not meet each other at the very start of

the tournament It can be done only if the previous
performances of the teams are known.

a) Short Answer Type-! Questions YQ

Q1. Discuss any two importance of tournaments.

Ans. The importance of tournaments is:

(i) Source of Recreation: Sports tournaments

provide ample recreation to the spectators.

(ll) Development of Skills: By participating in

tournaments, varlous sportsman skills and
tactical skills are developed In sportspersans.

(iii) Development of Social Qualities: Social qualities

such as cooperation, tolerance, honesty, fair
play. sympathy, brotherhood and discipline are
developed among participants through sports
tournaments.

[COMMONJERR()R +

Though students are able to define tournament, most

af the students are not aware about the importance of
tournaments.

Q2. What are the advantages of knock-out tournaments?

Ans. The advantages of knock-out tournaments are:
(|) Tournament Anishes in a shart time.
(ll) They are less expensive.
(Ill) Minimum number of officials are required.
(iv) The competition will be intense due to fear of
eUmination of a team, when defeated.

Q3. Glve the disadvantages

tournament.
Ans, The disadvantages of round-robin tournament are:
(i) It takes more time.
(li) It is more expensive.
(Ill) It requires a lot of facilities.

(iv) Moral of most of the teams becames low due to

thelr defeat agaln and again.

TIP:
The students must learn the advantages and
disadvantages of all the types of tournaments.

Q 4. Draw a fixture of 5 teams on league basic following

the cyclic method.
Ans. N=5

No. of matches = me 1), 36-1)

No. of rounds = 5 (N Is add)

Rd.1 Rd. II Rd.lll = Rh IV RAV

5. Bye 4. Bye| $3. Bye) #2, Bye| Pl. Bye

[os [Jos [Ja [Js [JMS |
3 2¥/2 1¥l1 s¥ls a¥l4e 3
—_—_—_— ———, +___—— —_ a SD

Q 5. How many byes will be given in total in the upper

half and the lower half if the total number of
teams is 21?

Total number of teams (N) = 21

Next highest power of 2 = 32

Difference (NB) - 32 - 21= 1 byes

Ans.

Number of byes in upper half = = ws —

= 5 byes

Number of byes In lower half = oe = =

= & byes

Q 6. Explain the staircase method of league tournament

with its disadvantages.
In the stalrcase method, the Axture resemble a
staircase or ladder. In this method, no byes are given
and there is no ambiguity of odd and even number
of teams.

Disadvantages

(I) It does nat indicate the number of rounds to be

played.

(il) It is not easy to Ax the matches of rounds.

Q7. Explain the mathods of deciding the winner In
league tournament.
There are two methods of deciding a winner:

(i) American Method

Ans,

Ans.

Matches won
Percentage of points = 100
8 e Total matches played

(Ii) British Method

Total points obtalned
Tatal possible points

Parcantaga of palnta =

ef 8! reund-robin <) Short Answer Type-ll Questions Q

Q1. Briefly explain the functions of Directing and

Controlling to organise sports event. (CSE 2023)
Functions of Directing: Directing Is the process of
pulding and supervising peaple ta achleve the goals
of the sports event. In organising a sports event.
directing Involves assigning roles and responsibilities
ta each team member, communicating the abjective
of the event and providing guldance and feedback
throughout the planning process. This function
ensures that everyone Involved In the event
understands thelr roles and responsibilities and

Ans.

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=
Q 2. Describe

Ans.

works together effectively to achleve the desired

outcome.

Functions of Controlling: Controlling is the process

of monitoring and measuring progress against the
plan. identifying any deviations from the plan and
taking corrective actions to ensure that the goals
of the sports event are met. In organising a sports
event. controlling involves setting performance
standards. measuring progress against these
standards and taking corrective action if necessary
to keep the event on track. This functlan ensures that
the event is running smoothly and that any issue
that arise are addressed quickly and effectively.

the responsibilities
committees before a tournament.
The following are the respansibluties of camimittees
before a tournament

(i) Technical Committee: Before the event, it Is the

lob of the Technical Committee to put forward
a requisition to purchase equipment, Invitation
and confirmation fram officials ta conduct
sports event. cleaning and layout of the Aelds,
arrangement of equipment and stationery
preparation of fixtures. rules and regulation of
the sports event

(ll) Logistics Committee: It is the duty of the

Logistics Cammittee to look after placement/
arrangement/requisition of purchase of

of any three

Q3.

stationery, chairs. tables, souvenirs, Ught

and sound equipment bouquets, sending
Invitations to stakeholders including other
schools/institutlons and VIP guests. requisition
of purchase of medals and certificates,
arrangement of refreshments, arrangement of
boarding and lodging, selection of volunteers,
preparation of first ald kit and arrangement of
medical facilities.

(iii) Marketing Committee: The Marketing Committee

prepares a strategy for arranging for
sponsorships, publicity of the event arranging
meetings or calling an sponsors, preparation of
MoUs for sponsorships, etc.

What should be the roles of technical and

marketing committee while organising the event?

(CBSE SQP 2023-24)

Ans. Technical Committee: While the event/tournament

is in progress, the technical committee is responsible

for conducting matches, presence of the |ury,
cleaning and layout of the fields. collection of score
sheets and other related papers from officials,
preparation of merit list etc.

Marketing Committee: The marketing committee

Issues press release. works with media, manages
methods of communication, fulfils the requirements
of sponsors as per MoUs, arrangement for telecast
of event etc.

Q4. How various committees are formed for tournaments? Write briefly.
(CBSE 2016)

Ans,

| Adminiatwive Director Sporta |

Working Committe

| Sports Organising Committss}

4 4 ) + }
Publicity Boarding ond Reoppuon Dacoration Trungportation
Commitlee Lodging Commitiaa Commillea and Ceramany Commillee
Commillae
} } t +
Grounds and Commilleo for Commiltoo on Enrica = Committoo
Equipmant Enlartinmant ond Prograrmmads for Official
Commiltoo and Refrouhments
q
Announcomont Firot Ald
Commillog Commilloo

Q§. Your school Is organising ‘Run for Unity, explain

Ans.

the responsibllities of accreditation, technical and

finance committee. (CBSE 2016)
Responsibilities of Accreditation Committee
(i) Accreditation Committee: It Is overall
responsible for organising the ‘Run for Unity’
event It makes sure that ethics. rules and
regulations are followed throughout the
event. It Is also responsible for repistering the
participants and managing the production and
distribution of the validation passes.

Q6.

Ans,
(li) Technical Committee: This committee Is
responsible for ensuring that the field of play
Is safe for competitors and officials. It also
ensures the qualty of equipment's.

(Ili) Financa Committed: This committee |s assigned

to make the budpet for the event and handle
the expenses.

Define bye. Explain the rules of giving bye with

help of an example. (CBSE SQP 2022-23)

Bye refers toa dummy team that does not playin the

first round but participates In the second round. The

i
number of byes In a Axture is the actual difference
between the number of teams participating in the
tournament and the next higher number which Is
the power of 2.

Allotment of byes in the fixture should be given in

following order:

First bye will be given to Last team of Lower Half.

Second bye will be given to first team of Upper Half.
Third bye will be given to first team of Lower Half.
Fourth bye will be given to last team of Upper Half.
Same pattern will be followed after fourth bye till
the remaining byes have been given.

Q7. Leaque tournament is a better way to judge the

best team of the tournament. Comment.

Ans. League tournamentis a better way to judge the best

team of the tournament because of the following
reasons:

(i) The deserving team wins the tournament, Le. it

decides the true winner.

(ll) Every team or player gets maximum

opportunity to demonstrate its efficiency.

(iii) A team or a player needs not to win each and

every match.

(iv) The spectators get ample amount of time to

enjoy the full tournament.

(v) Selection of players for future tournaments

is done at an optimum level and with full
satisfaction.

Students should write about the advantages of league

tournaments.

Q 4. Drawa fixture of 11 football teams participating In

a tournament on the basis of knock-out.

(CBSE 2016)

Ans. Total number of teams (n) «11

Number of team In upper half

nel +l 12...
aE ty 7S teams

Number af teams In lower half

n-1. i-1_ WW
2 2 8

Total number of byes (nb) « Next highest power af 2

= 5 teams

— Number of teams participating

2 16-1125 byes

Number of byes In upper half = ee = ao = 2byes

Number of byes In lower half = lal a a J byes

Upper
Half

Fixture

Teams IR OR WR WR
r—1 Bys IInd

2 ME Winner @p Winner

3
: QL winner o

—6 Bye [Vth

(@}—Winner—

Winner

1 Gd Winner

Lower
Half

Qo.

(—7 Bye Drd

8 ©) winner Q_1
9

Of} wine

f— Winner

Winner

10 Bye Vth
L— 11 Byo Ist

Draw a fixture of 6 teams on league basis following

the cyclic method. (CBSE 2016)

Ans. Total number of teams (n) = 6

Rd. |
4
<;—_————_

Total number of matches

_n(n—1)

2 = = a |5 matches

Number of rounds =n -1«6—-1% 5 rounds

Fixture

Rd. Il Rd. Ill Rd. IV Rd. V

3v¥!/3 2¥/2 #Gy|6 Sy¥iS 4

—_ +S + +

Q10. Draw a fixture of 12 teams on league basis according

to the staircase method.

Ans. Number of rounds » n- 1 12-14 11 rounds

12(12-1)

Number of matches = 5

n(n—1)
2

e6x*1
w 66 matches

Fixture

1-2
43
1-4
4-5
1-6
1-7
1-8
19

4-10 2-10 3-10 4-10 5.10 6-10 7-10 g-lO 9-10

2-3
2-4 3-4
2-5 3-5 4-5
2-6 3-6 4-6
2-7 37 4:7) G.7) 6-7

2-8 3-8 4-8 5-9 6-8 7-9

2-9 3-9 4-9 5.9 6-9

7-9 8-9

4-11 2-11 3-11 4-11 5.1] 6-11 7-11 8-11 9-11 10-11
1-12 2-12 3-12 4-12 5-12 6-12 7-12 8-12 9-12 10-12 11-12

SISSIES

i
Ql. Draw a fixture of 7 teams on league basis according

to the tabular method. A|B]C]OV}E F | G | Bye

A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Ans. Total no. of teams (n) = 7 B —~J3f4af[sf/eé6flf7i{z2
(a1 Cc “S55 [| 6 | 7 | 1 [4
{biel ne obmetcies RY D 7 1 [2 Te
2 E | 2 3 1
F oS 4 3
_ 77 =!) _ 42 5 G a

2 2 ; Bye —~]

Fixture of 7 Teams

-) Long Answer Type Questions y

Q 1. What are the functions of sports event management?

Ans. The function of sports event management are as follows:

(I) Planning: It Is the process of creating a comprehensive action plan to achleve

organisational goal(s). Planning
is an ongoing step, and can be highly specialised based on organisational goals.
division goals. departmental
goals, and term goals.

(li) Organising: This Includes distributing resources and organising personnel In

order to achieve the goals
estabUshed In the planning function.

(iii) Staffing: This refers to identifying key staff positions. and to ensuring
that the proper talent Is serving that
specific jab duty In order to achieve the alms and objectives of an organisation.

(lv) Directing: Directing personnel is a leadership quallty and Includes letting

staff know what needs to be dane. and
also by when. It Includes supervision of personnel while simultaneously motivating
them.

(v) Controlling: Controlling refers to all the processes that leaders create to
monitor success. It Involves establishing
performance standards, measuring actual performance and comparing them
Irregularities.

Q2. Being sports captain of the school, prepare five important committees with
their responsibilities to conduct one
day run for health race.
Ans. To conduct one day run for health. five Important committees and thelr
responsibilities are as follows:

(COSE 2015)

No.

Namo of the Committao

Roles and Rasponsibllity

(I)

(vil)

Transport Committee

(ll) |Grounds and Equipments

Committee

Boarding and Lodging

Committee

Official Committees

(v) | Refreshments Committee

Announcement
Committee

First Ald Committee

Providing transport to various national and International teams Involved In the

event

Preparing sultable ground/feld for the event for example, a cricket pitch or 4
football
ground.

Arranging accommodation and food for the participating teams and Its players.

Selecting officials, judges. referees, starters, umpires, recorders, scorers, etc.

for the events.

Providing refreshment and snacks to the chief guests, officials and competitors.

Making several Important announcements during the conduct of the event. e.g.. names
of the players during the presentation ceremony, while substituting a player, etc.

Consisting of well-qualified doctors, physicians and health experts. it is

responsible for taking
care of health of the players. or officials during an Injury or mishappening. (Any
five)

TIP:

Students should be sure about the name of the

committee and their roles and responsibility.

Q 8. Draw a knock-out fixture of 21 teams mentioning

[EOMMONJERR(I)R + ‘

Students just mention names of the committee without

mentioning thelr roles and responsibilities.

all the steps involved, (COSE 2015)

Ans. Total number of teams (n) = 21
Total number of matches #n-J= 21-1420
Number of teams In upper half
| = At 2 = nteams

ee

ee |

i
Number of teams in lower half = — = — a 10 teams
Total number of byes (nb) = Next highest power of 2
— Number of teams
« 32 = 21 11 byes
Total no. of byes in upper half

Total no. of byes In lower half

nb+1 = 11+1
z meee = HD
5 5 yes

Number of rounds = 5
Fixture
ist Round 2nd Round

A Byo—) 3rd Round

8 8 —

a
y
C Bye 4
K Byo —

4th Round
Ce

5th Round
K —,

Upper Half
wo ao —~ a um b w NO _

_
oO
N

o
|

a
-
iw]

Zz
fr]
|

=_ K Is the
winner of the
tournnmont

ee
lw RO
FO
ao oe
= <<
a @
a

a
wn
4 <
LJ
=<
|
DOD

Lower Half
=
m
rm
2
<
ao.

_
‘9 oO
oa
LJ
oO
|
uw

NM
Oo

H Bye —
21 P Bye _]

qq —

Q4. Drawa knock-out fixture of 25 teams with all steps

involved. (CBSE 2020)

Ans. Total number of teams (n) = 25

Total number of matches a n=] 25-1 a 24

n+1 25+1
2 2

Number of teams In upper half — = a a

Number of teams In upper half = 13

al2

Total number of byes (nb) « Next highest number that

ig the power of 2 - Number of teams

«1 32-25 = 7 byes

Total number of byes In upper half = mS 4

Total number of byes In lower half = a 4

Number of rounds = 5
G TIP.

I 0 m Iv Vv
Toams Round Round Round Round Round

1 Bye
2 Bye _ &|—
(3) —y

Upper Half

|
|

@a+ Winner

16
17
1B
19

a
a
nO)
_ 9

Lower Half

2l
22
23

@
24 bye

el Lel bl

25 Bye _O)_
TiP:

Practice a number of examples for drawing a knock-out

fixture.

[COMMONJERR(I)R & ,
Students often draw incorrect fixtures.

Q5. What is league tournament? Draw a fixture of nine

(9) teams on the basis of league tournament using
cyclic method. Explain British method to declare
the winner. (CBSE 2019)

Ans, League tournament. also known as round-robin

tournament Is a tournament In which each team
plays apalnst each other team irrespective of
victory or defeat. It provides maximum number
of opportunities to the teams to display thelr best
performance.

Fixture: No. of taams (n) = 9

No. of teams x (No, of teams 1)
2

No. of matches »

n(n—-1) . 9(9 —1)

2 z
No. of round «9

= 36

(.: no. of teams (n) Is odd)

Practice drawing fixtures of different teams, as per cyclic

or staircase method.

i
Round I Round 0 Round OI RoundIV- Round V
9. Bye Bye 7. Bye 6._ Bye Sx Byo
3 1 ™ 9 5 8 ss 7 :™ 6
7 2 d 5 9 4 8 7

6
6 3 5 2 4 1 3 9] ]}2 8
5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 9

——- ————————-. S/F +

Round VI Round VI Round VII Round IX

4 Bye 3 Bye 2. Bye 1. Bye
_ S 3% 4 :™ 3 g™ 2
z 6 1 5 9 4 8 3
2: 7 9 6 8 5 7 4
9 8 B 7 Z 6 6 5

“ 4 < #
British Method to Declare Winner
Divide the total paints obtalned by each team by the

maximum possible points. whole multiplied by 100.

le.,

Total points obtained r

Maximum possible polnts

Percentage “

The point distribution Is as follows:

(i) Winner of the match = 2 points
(ii) Loser of the match = O point
(lil) Tle/Draw » 1 point
The team having the highest percentage Is declared
the winner.
Q 6. Define combination tournament. Draw a fixture of
16 teams using knock-out cum league method.
(CBSE 2018)

Ans, Combination tournaments are conducted when the

matches are to played on group basis or zonal basis.

In thls tournament, the Initial raunds are played an
particular bal (knock-out ar league) and rest of
the tournament is played on another basis (knock-
out or league).
Usually, the follawing combinations of tournaments
are used:
(I) Knock-out cum knock-out
(Ii) League cum League
(Ill) Knock-out cum league
(iv) League cum knock-out
Fixture using Knock-out Cum league Method
No. of teams » 16
Hera, all the teams are divided Into four aqual groups.
Group A: First four teams
Group 8: Second four teams
Group C: Third four teams
Group D: Last four teams

Group Knock-out

2
A 5 fone of Group A
L_

[5
B a -} Winnor of Group B
7
Li ad

Inter-group League

No. of matches for league tournament = ane D as

= 6 matches.

Fixture of league tournament by staircase method:

Winner of each group will participate in a league
tournament.

A-B
A-C 68+C
A-D B-D c-O

[EOMMONJERR()R )

Most students are able to define different types of

tournaments but are unable to draw thelr fixtures.

G TiP-—

Q7. Explain the meaning of community sports

programmes. Briefly explain any four.

Ans.

Community sports programmes are sports

proprammes which are not related to competitions.

but are orpanised for various other objectives such

as charity, health awareness, ralsing funds for noble

Causes elc.

Varlous community sports programmes are:

(i) Sports Day: Sports day is organised by each

and every school on a specific day In a year. in
which children take part In competitive sporting
activitles, often with the alm of winning prizes.
These activities Instill various soclal quautles
such as leadership, brotherhood, unity, discipUne
and respect In children.

(li) Heatth Run: Health run is organised by social

organisations or sports departments for
the purpose of ralsing funds for charity and
standards of health in a particular regjon
or country. There la no competition In It but
registration of participants. date and time are
fixed In advance.

(li) Run for Fun: This event Is organised to spread

the message among the masses to exercise
on a regular basis and keep thelr bady fit and
pear It Is community organised for raising

nds for charity. in which people participate to

enjoy and not to compete.

(iv) Run for Unity: This [s to Inculcate peace and

harmony among the people of different
reUpions. It Is a great way of Invoking the splrit
of unity, togetherness, Love and harmony
towards the country and Its peaple.

Each type of community programmes should be

discussed briefly In at least three-four lines.

i
Multiple Choice Questions

Q1. Which of the following committee is headed by a

qualified doctor?

a. Reception
b. Finance
c. First Ald
d. Grounds and Equipment

Q2. In a knock-out tournament, how many byes will be

allocated to upper half if 21 teams are participating?
a. 7 b.6 GS d.4

Q 3. How many teams will be placed in 3rd quarter if 30

teams are participating in knock-out tournament?
a. 6 b.7 c.g d.9

Q4. What Is the formula to determine number of matches

in League fixture for evan number of teams?
(CBSE SQP 2023-24)

a.N+V/2 b. N-/2
c. N(N=1)/2 d.N(N+1)/2
Q5. Which method of league tournament is shown below?
IstR lIndR IlirdR
4<—@ 3<—> 2<— >)
3<—> 2 2<— > 4 4— > 3

a. Cyclic method b. Staircase method

c.Randrobin method d. None of these

Assertion and Reason Type Questions

Directions (Q, Nos. 6-7): There are two statements marked

as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and
choose the appropriate option from the options given below:
a, Both Assertlan (A) and Reason (R) are true and
Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
b. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason
(R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
c. Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
d. Assertion (A) Is false, but Reason (R) Is true.

Q6. Assertion (A): League tournaments are less

expensive.

Reason (R): Only strong or desarving team gats victory

in thls toumament.

Q7. Assertion (A): A bye refars to a dummy team that

does not play in the first round but participates In

the second round.
Reason (R): The number of byes in a fixture Is the
difference between the number of teams participating
In the toumament and the next highest number which
Is the powor of 2.
Case Study Based Question

Q8. Read the following passage and answer the

following questions.
ABC School is one of the reputed school in
their location for the number of sports facilities
it provides to its stakeholders. Keeping that in
consideration CBSE Sports cell has given them the
responsibility of conducting CBSE Football cluster.
35 teams have sent their entry for participation in
the tournament.
(i) Due to Large number of teams willing to
participate, the school Is conducting the

competition by... Aiture,

a. league b. knock-out
c. stalrcase d. challenge
(ii) Total number of matches WiLL be...
a. 34 b. 30
c..28 d. 24
(iii) Total number of rounds WiILl be ........ceceeeeee ‘
a. 4 b.5
6 di if

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Q9. Explain procedure for giving byes.

Q 10. List the various types of tournaments.

Short Answer Type-I Questions

QU. Describe the role of any two committees during

tournament.

Q 12. What is a knock-out tournament? Mention any two

disadvantages of knock-out tournament.

Q 13. Draw a fixture of 7 football teams participating in a

tournament on the basis of knock-out.

Short Answer Type-I Questions

Q 1A. Briefly explain the types of league toumaments. Also,

describe the advantages of league tournaments.

Q15. Explain the staircase method of a league tournament

for 7 teams.

Q16. Enlist the committees for organising sports events

and explain any five of them In detall.

Long Answer Type Questions

Q 17. What is the meaning of tournament? Draw knock-

out fixture for 27 teams.

Q18. Draw a fixture of 9 teams on the basis of league

tournament using cyclic method. Explain British
method to declare the winner. m