Persons or People with disabilities (PWDs), according to the UN

Convention on the Rights

of Persons With Disabilities (cited by The Republic of the
Philippines Department of Health,
2015) include those who have long-term physical, mental,
intellectual or sensory impairments
which in interaction with various barriers may hinder their full and
effective participation in
society on an equal basis with others.
The rapid assessment of disability in The Philippines according to
the study of Marella et al.
(2016). A population-based survey was undertaken in District 2 of
Quezon City and in Ligao
City. 60 clusters of 50 people aged 18 years and older were
selected with probability proportion
to size sampling from both locations. The Rapid Assessment of
Disability (RAD) survey was
used to identify people with disabilities based on their responses
to activity limitations.
The results of their study show the prevalence of disability was
6.8 (95 % CI: 5.9, 7.9) and
13.6 % (95 % CI: 11.4, 16.2) in Quezon City and Ligao City
respectively. Psychological distress
was the most commonly reported condition in both locations,
although it was often reported with
a co-morbid condition related to sensory, physical, cognitive, and
communication difficulties.
The prevalence of disability was associated with age and no
schooling, but not associated with
poverty. People with disabilities had significantly lower well-being
scores and reduced access to
health services, work, rehabilitation, education,
government social welfare, and disaster
management than people without disability. Having a disability
and negative family attitudes
Persons or People with disabilities (PWDs), according to the UN
Convention on the Rights
of Persons With Disabilities (cited by The Republic of the
Philippines Department of Health,
2015) include those who have long-term physical, mental,
intellectual or sensory impairments
which in interaction with various barriers may hinder their full and
effective participation in
society on an equal basis with others.
The rapid assessment of disability in The Philippines according to
the study of Marella et al.
(2016). A population-based survey was undertaken in District 2 of
Quezon City and in Ligao
City. 60 clusters of 50 people aged 18 years and older were
selected with probability proportion
to size sampling from both locations. The Rapid Assessment of
Disability (RAD) survey was
used to identify people with disabilities based on their responses
to activity limitations.
The results of their study show the prevalence of disability was
6.8 (95 % CI: 5.9, 7.9) and
13.6 % (95 % CI: 11.4, 16.2) in Quezon City and Ligao City
respectively. Psychological distress
was the most commonly reported condition in both locations,
although it was often reported with
a co-morbid condition related to sensory, physical, cognitive, and
communication difficulties.
The prevalence of disability was associated with age and no
schooling, but not associated with
poverty. People with disabilities had significantly lower well-being
scores and reduced access to
health services, work, rehabilitation, education,
government social welfare, and disaster
management than people without disability. Having a disability
and negative family attitudes
Persons or People with disabilities (PWDs), according to the UN
Convention on the Rights
of Persons With Disabilities (cited by The Republic of the
Philippines Department of Health,
2015) include those who have long-term physical, mental,
intellectual or sensory impairments
which in interaction with various barriers may hinder their full and
effective participation in
society on an equal basis with others.
The rapid assessment of disability in The Philippines according to
the study of Marella et al.
(2016). A population-based survey was undertaken in District 2 of
Quezon City and in Ligao
City. 60 clusters of 50 people aged 18 years and older were
selected with probability proportion
to size sampling from both locations. The Rapid Assessment of
Disability (RAD) survey was
used to identify people with disabilities based on their responses
to activity limitations.
The results of their study show the prevalence of disability was
6.8 (95 % CI: 5.9, 7.9) and
13.6 % (95 % CI: 11.4, 16.2) in Quezon City and Ligao City
respectively. Psychological distress
was the most commonly reported condition in both locations,
although it was often reported with
a co-morbid condition related to sensory, physical, cognitive, and
communication difficulties.
The prevalence of disability was associated with age and no
schooling, but not associated with
poverty. People with disabilities had significantly lower well-being
scores and reduced access to
health services, work, rehabilitation, education,
government social welfare, and disaster
management than people without disability. Having a disability
and negative family attitudes
Chapter l

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

 Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) are among the most vulnerable
sectors of society, often facing systemic barriers that hinder their full
participation in community life. While various government programs and
support services exist to aid individuals with disabilities, access to these
services remains limited due to fragmented data management, inefficient
service delivery, and a lack of centralized information systems. These
challenges highlight the need for an integrated, inclusive, and technology-
driven solution to improve the overall welfare and empowerment of the PWD
community.

To address these concerns, this study introduces EMPOWER: A

Comprehensive Information Management System for PWD—a web-
based platform designed to centralize and streamline the management of
PWD-related data and services. The system aims to serve as a digital hub for
registration, records management, benefit tracking, and communication
between PWDs, service providers, and government agencies. With a strong
emphasis on accessibility, usability, and data security, EMPOWER is built to
support inclusive digital transformation while promoting autonomy and equal
access for PWDs.

This research focuses on the analysis, design, and development of the

EMPOWER system, guided by the principles of inclusivity, efficiency, and
social impact. It also seeks to evaluate the system’s effectiveness in
improving service delivery, enhancing data accuracy, and empowering PWDs
to take an active role in managing their own information. By leveraging
technology to bridge service gaps, this study contributes to ongoing efforts
toward a more inclusive, responsive, and equitable society.

ponsive, and equitable society.

1.2 Theoretical Framework

In the study of French (1988) the widespread discrimination against disabled
people in most types of employment is well known. In a qualitative research by
means of semi-structured interviews French’s study aimed to gain insight into the
experiences of people who had been accepted into the health and caring
professions despite having a substantial disability. Although most respondents
reported either positive or neutral attitudes from colleagues, a size able
minority had experienced negative attitudes, especially when trying to gain access
to training and during training itself. Negative attitudes from patients and clients
were, in contrast, exceptionally rare. Most respondents viewed their disability as
an advantage rather than a disadvantage in the work context, and although some
people were restricted in the specialties they could follow, most could fulfil their
work obligations.
Researchers have suggested that the examination of psychosocial issues of
people with disabilities who have recovered from an acute, unstable medical
condition should adopt a long-term perspective (Krause & Bozard, 2012; Pers
house et al., 2012; Rose, 2012), because adjustment to an acquired
disability is an ongoing process. Even when people with disabilities have
“accepted” their disabilities, they may still encounter new problems in everyday
life. These problems include bodily functions, including secondary worsening of
difficulties (Kumakura et l., 2002), aging (Rose, 2012), and psychological issues
(Rose, 2012) such as mild depression(Nagumo, 2000), along with family life
(Weitzenkamp et al., 2000), and social participation such as re-employment,
social life (Krause & Bozard, 2012) as cited by Tagaki (2016) in his
qualitative study.
According to Tagaki (2016) in his study of Narratives of Ambivalent
Meanings of Acquired Physical Disability in Japan, experiences of people with
disabilities cannot be simply examined from positive aspects or negative ones;
both aspects are required. His study examines the ambivalent meanings of
acquired disability through a qualitative analysis of the life stories of Japanese
men with spinal cord injuries. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10
men who had sustained the injury over 10 years ago, at around the age of 20. The
participants valued job and welfare or social activities, by managing their
impairments. They regarded their personal disability issues as social ones and
actively promoted social awareness. However, some of them recounted
ambivalent experiences; they maintained the vision that they would become able-
bodied people again, or were reluctant to participate in social activities, because
they felt inferior to more socially active peers. Examination of ambivalent
meanings of acquired disability is necessary for an understanding of the actual
situation of people with disabilities

1.3 Conceptual Framework

Input Process Output

 Register PWD EMPOWER: A

 Admin Info  Encode/Update comprehensive
(Username, PWD Information
Password) Information Management System
 PWD  Generate ID for Persons with
Information  Manage and Disabilities (PWD)
Print Reports

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework

The illustration shows the input, process and output of the study. This
study intends to collect personal attributes from the people with disabilities and
convert it into an automated system. It receives input like personal information,
and administrative details. The system then processes this data by registering new
users, updating information, generating IDs, manage, and print reports. The
overall output is to manage information about people with disabilities, improve
service efficiency, and make services more accessible for PWD beneficiaries.
1.4 Statement of the Problem

Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) often face numerous challenges in

accessing government services, benefits, and support programs due to
fragmented data systems, manual processes, and the lack of a centralized
information platform. Existing methods of managing PWD records are
frequently paper-based, inconsistent across agencies, and prone to delays,
errors, and data loss. As a result, both PWDs and service providers
experience inefficiencies that hinder the timely and accurate delivery of
services.

Moreover, the absence of an accessible and unified digital system

makes it difficult for PWDs to monitor their benefits, update personal
information, or communicate with relevant agencies. These issues not only
affect service delivery but also limit the empowerment and autonomy of
individuals with disabilities.

This study aims to address the following primary problem:

How can an integrated web-based information management system improve

the accessibility, efficiency, and accuracy of services for Persons with
Disabilities?

To support this, the study will answer the following specific sub-problems:

1. What are the current limitations and challenges in the existing systems
used for managing PWD data and services?
2. How can the proposed system be designed to ensure inclusivity,
accessibility, and ease of use for PWDs with various types of
disabilities?
 3. What features and functionalities should be included in the EMPOWER
system to meet the needs of PWDs and service providers?
4. How effective is the EMPOWER system in improving data management,
service delivery, and user satisfaction among its intended users?

1.5 Hypothesis

1.6 Significance of the Study

This proposed study intended to establish a centralized and structured
system for managing comprehensive data on PWDs, including personal, medical,
and service-related information. This study was conducted for the benefits of the
following;

Persons with Disabilities (PWD): They benefit from streamlined access to

services, resources, and assistance programs.
Government: By having accurate, real-time data on PWDs
Researchers: They can use the data for studies related to disabilities, helping to
understand trends, needs, and areas for improvement.
Future Researchers: This study will serve as reference for future researchers. It
will serve as a guide on how to conduct such study to do better of necessary.

1.7 Scope and Limitation of the study

 This study focused on the development of Information for the Persons
with Disability at the Municipality of Batad, Iloilo. It focuses on the
development of a web-based system that will serve as a centralized platform
for managing PWD-related information. The system includes core modules
such as user registration, profile management, benefit and service tracking,
and communication tools for users and service providers. Target users
include PWDs, local government units (LGUs), and organizations or agencies
that provide assistance to PWDs. The system will be designed with built-in
accessibility features to support users with visual, auditory, and mobility
impairments. The initial implementation and testing will be conducted within
a selected community or organization as a pilot area.

The system will initially focus only on web-based access; mobile

application development is beyond the current scope. Internet connectivity
is required to access the platform; offline functionality will not be available.
The pilot testing will be limited to a small sample size due to time and
resource constraints. Integration with national databases or third-party
systems may be simulated if real-time access is not permitted during
development.

1.8 Definition of termss

Persons with Disability (PWD) – include those who have long term physical,
mental, intellectual or sensory impairments which in interaction with various
barriers may hinder their full and effective participation in society in equal basis
with others.

Information – facts or details about a subject. They're working to collect/gather

information about the early settlers in the region.
Management (or managing) – is the administration of organizations, whether
businesses, nonprofit organizations, or a government bodies through business
administration, nonprofit management, or the political science sub-field of public
administration respectively.
 Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter describe the research methodology, project design, and building method.

1.9 Related Literature and Studies

According to (Elfrid Måløy; Maria Therese Aasen- Stensvold; Solfrid
Vatne; Signe Gunn Julnes, 2024-Sep) entitled (Intellectual Disability Nurses'
Challenges in Medication Management in Primary Health Care: A Qualitative
Study). This study examines how intellectual disability nurses employed in
residential living services for persons with intellectual disabilities, in Norway, deal
with medication management for these individuals. Using a qualitative study, a
total of 18 intellectual disability nurses were interviewed as part of four focus
groups. The results demonstrate six main challenges: First, Being alone with the
responsibility of medication management - a challenge; Second, The need for
further competence development; Third, Teaching and supervising unskilled
colleagues in safe medication management; Fourth, Interpreting residents with
little or only nonverbal communication; Fifth, The need to act as advocates when
residents require hospitalization; Sixth, Deficient systems for medication
management on several levels. The findings point to several major flaws in the
system of medication management, which necessitates the need for highly
qualified intellectual disability nurses. Managers must ensure that there is a
secure system to mitigate errors and promote patient safety. This study is related
(EMPOWER:A comprehensive Information Management System for Persons with
Disabilities), for it helps us identify each PWDs and keep count of how many they
are in a municipality through our system.
According to (Ohio Department of Education, 2023-Jan) entitled
(Implementation of Special Education and Related Services for Children with
Disabilities. 2021-2022 School Year). State law requires that Ohio's
superintendent of public instruction annually report on the status of
implementation of special education and related services for children with
disabilities. This includes the number of children identified with disabilities and
the number of identified children receiving services. The Ohio Department of
Education collects these data from districts and schools through the Education
Management Information System (EMIS). This report is primarily based on data
gathered from EMIS for special education and related services for the 2021-2022
school year. This study is related (EMPOWER:A comprehensive Information
Management System for Persons with Disabilities), considering it provides
information about the PWDs in order for them to get their benefits from the
municipality easily.
According to (Kadijevich, Djordje M.; Maslikovic, Dejan; Tomic, Bojan M.,
2022) entitled (Familiarity with State Regulations Regarding Access to Information
for Persons with Disabilities in Serbia). The quality of life of people with
disabilities is largely influenced by their access to information. Good
communication with state authorities is the key to knowing state regulations
regarding this access, proposing their improvement, and monitoring their
application in society. By using a convenient sample of 89 persons with
disabilities, this study examined the extent to which the participants were familiar
with these regulations, and whether this familiarity could be explained in terms of
the quality of the participants' communication with state authorities concerning
their access to information, as well as several background variables regarding the
participants, including their gender, age, and educational level completed. It was
found that the majority of participants were not familiar with these regulations.
Path analysis evidenced the positive and significant direct influence of
communication quality on familiarity with regulations (0.356, p < 0.01), with the
former positively influenced by age (40-49) and educational level completed
(upper-secondary) to a significant degree (corresponding regression weights were
0.432, p < 0.01, and 0.171, p < 0.05, respectively). The path model applied could
explain 12.7% of the variability of the familiarity in question. Implications for
research and practice are included. This study us related (EMPOWER:A
comprehensive Information Management System for Persons with Disabilities),
for it provides us information about a PWD which provides them their benefits
and needs.
According to (Fridah Gatwiri Kiambati, Samuel Wanyonyi Juma, Brenda
Aromu Wawire, 2024) entitled (Accessibility of digital systems in information
retrieval by users with visual impairment). This study contributes to the existing
literature on accessibility of digital information systems for users with visual
impairments. Further research is needed to explore other factors that may
influence the accessibility of digital systems, such as the design of user interfaces
as well as an evaluation of accessibility of digital systems for other categories of
disabilities such as hearing impairment, physical impairment, autism and
intellectual disability, among others. The findings of this study have practical
implications for the design and development of digital systems such as digital
libraries. Developers can leverage findings of this study to enhance compatibility
of digital platforms with screen readers and provide alternative formats and
accessible content. User-centered design principles can be used to create
interfaces that are easy to navigate and friendly to users with visual impairments.
Training programmers on assistive technology should be provided to users to
enhance their skills and confidence in using digital system. This study contributes
towards design and creation of navigable systems that are compatible with screen
readers. The study also points out the importance of creating more inclusive and
usable digital environments for persons with visual impairments. This study is
related (EMPOWER:A comprehensive Information Management System for
Persons with Disabilities), for it helps us form a system that could help PWDs and
not just people with visual impairments. With the help of our system PWDs are
able to avail their benefits from the government and for us to have information
about them and their needs.
According to (Nemesio Regidor, Mark Dennis Cabrera, Queenelyn Salibio,
Aina Shane Bugarin, Jairus Ceasar Mateo, Arianne Mae Gallardo, 2024) entitled
(Enhancing Service Efficiency and Accessibility for Persons with Disabilities: An
Information Management System with SMS Notification in Libertad, Antique). This
research evaluates the effectiveness of a Persons with Disabilities (PWD)
Information Management System with SMS notification implemented in Libertad,
Antique, Philippines. The system aims to improve service accessibility and
efficiency for PWD by providing a centralized platform for information
dissemination and service delivery. The study utilizes the ISO/IEC 25010 Software
Quality Model and McCall's Software Quality Model to assess the system's user
experience and technical aspects, respectively. The findings reveal a generally
positive assessment of the system's quality, with high ratings for functional
suitability, performance efficiency, compatibility, usability, and reliability.
However, areas for improvement include security, maintainability, and portability.
The paper concludes by discussing the benefits of the system for both the PWD
population and the PWD office, highlighting the need for further development to
enhance user profiling, real-time support, and data-driven enhancements. The
study demonstrates the transformative potential of technology in promoting
inclusion and improving the lives of individuals with disabilities.This study us
related (EMPOWER:A comprehensive Information Management System for
Persons with Disabilities), for it uses user profiling, real-time support, and data-
driven enhancements, which is part of our system that gives us information about
the PWDs. As well as adding information and more people in the system.
According to (Edda Tandi Lwoga, Raphael Zozimus Sangeda, Restituta
Mushi, 2021) entitled (Predictors of electronic health management information
system for improving the quality of care for women and people with disabilities).
This study assessed the use of HMIS and factors influencing the usage and
behavioral intentions to use the eHMIS at the Comprehensive Community Based
Rehabilitation in Tanzania (CCBRT). We investigated both clinical and non-clinical
staff (n=69) using tablets and online surveys, with a rate of return of 71.9%. The
ICT staff were also interviewed to supplement data from the survey. The survey
questionnaire was guided by the updated Information System Success (ISS)
model. Most health workers (81.2%) used the eHMIS several times a day to
support different decision-making activities. The better educated personnel were
more likely to enter data more effectively into eHMIS as compared to their
counterparts. Among six predictors, self-efficacy positively influenced self-
reported use and user satisfaction of HMIS, while service quality negatively
affected self-reported use of eHMIS. The system quality positively influenced
health workers to be satisfied with the eHMIS, and user satisfaction positively
influenced continued usage intention of the eHMIS. Both user satisfaction and
continued usage intention were positively related to individual impact of eHMIS.
Individual impact had positive effects on organizational impact of eHMIS. This is a
comprehensive study conducted in Tanzania regarding the implementation of
eHMIS, and factors influencing post-adoptive use of HMIS to improve quality of
care of women and people with disabilities. This study us related (EMPOWER: A
comprehensive Information Management System for Persons with Disabilities), as
it also tackles the need to collect important disability and maternal health data,
and improve our system's overall data management.
 Chapter III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter describe the research methodology, project design, and building
method.

2.0 Research Design:

The study will follow a developmental research design, which

involves system analysis, design, development, testing, and evaluation.

This approach helps in understanding the research topic. by collecting

and analyzing data systematically. Instrument A survey
questionnaire/interview guide/experiment setup. was used as the main tool
for data collection. It was designed to gather accurate and relevant
information from the participants.

2.1 Instrument
The researchers conduct a One-on-One Interview in collecting data
regarding the challenges and experiences of the People With Disabilities have to
face in society in terms of social and physical barriers Bhat (2020) stated that a
One-on-One Interview conducts in-depth information and is one of the most
common qualitative research methods. This method is a personal interview that is
carried out with one respondent at a time. It is purely a conversational method
and invites opportunities to get details in depth from the respondent.The
researchers decide to use this method for this study because one of its advantage
is: it provides a great opportunity to gather precise data about what people
believe and what their motivations are according to Bhat (2020). He further
added that if the researcher(s) should need more information, they could ask
follow-up questions that will help them collect more information.
These interviews can be performed face-to-face or on phone and usually
can last between half an hour to two hours or even more. During the time when
the in-depth interview is conducted face to face it gives a better opportunity to
read the body language of the respondents and match the responses (Bhat,
2020).

2.2 Sampling Technique

The researchers use a purposive approach in sampling. According to
Statistics Solutions(2017). Purposive sampling is also known as selective sampling
in which the participants are expected to provide in-depth and detailed
information about a certain phenomenon under investigation. It is highly
subjective and determined by the researchers generating qualifications or criteria
for each participant and is required to meet these qualifications. There are only
two qualifications for the participants to meet for this study. First, the participants
should be physically disabled. Second, the participants’ disability should be
physically acquired and not congenital in kind.

2.3 Data Gathering Techniques:

 Interviews and Surveys: Conducted with PWDs, local officials, and
service providers to gather insights into their current experiences and
needs.
 Observation: Observing current workflows and data management
practices in PWD service offices.
 Document Analysis: Reviewing existing forms, records, and digital
systems used for PWD services.

3.0 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC):

The study will use the Agile Development Methodology, involving
iterative planning, design, development, and testing to ensure continuous
feedback and improvement.

4.0 Ethical Considerations

 The study followed ethical guidelines to ensure the rights and privacy
of participants. Informed consent was obtained, and all collected data were
kept confidential and used only for research purposes.

5.0 Reliability Test

To ensure the accuracy and consistency of the research, a reliability

test was conducted. This helps verify that the instrument produces reliable
results when repeated under similar conditions.

6.0 Statistical Tools

The data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, regression

analysis, etc. These statistical tools helped in interpreting the results
accurately and drawing meaningful conclusions.

This chapter ensures that the research is conducted systematically,

ethically, and with reliable methods to achieve valid results.
Reference
https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/cebu-doctors-university/shs-research-2
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•http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1034912X.2020.1802646
RRL:•https://innocon.innotcs.org/index.php/jitc/article/view/127
•https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0266666920947147
•https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/qae-11-2023-
0190/full/html