A ASSIGNMENT ON
INDIA’S SPACE
MISSION
INDIAN SPACE MISSION
A COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW
INTRODUCTION:
T
he Indian space program began in19962, with the
establishment of the indian national committee for
Space Research (INCOSPAR). In 1969, INCOSPAR
was renamed as the indian space research
Organisation (ISRO). Since then, india has made
significant stttrides in space expploration,satellite
technology, and rocketry.
MILESTONES IN INDIAN SPACE
MISSION
1. ARYABHATA:(1975):I india’sfirst
satellite,launched on April 19,1975.
2. SLV-3(1980): India’s first launch vehicle,
successfully launched on July 18,1980.
3. INSAT(1983): India’s first gestationary satellite,
launches on April 10, 1980.
4. CHANDRAYAN-1(2008): India’s first lunar
mission, launched on October 22,2008.
5. MANGALYAAN(2013): India’s first mars
mission,launched on November 5,2013.
6. GSLV MK III(2017): India’s first heavy-lift launch
vehicle, successfully launched on JUNE 5, 2017.
7. ADITYA-L1: it is a coronagraphy spacecraft for
studying the scholar atmosphere.
8. ASTROSAT: India’s first dedicated astronomical
observatory, providing valuable scientific data.
IN BRIEF ABOUT INDIA’S SPACE
MISSIONS OF OUR INDIA
ARYABHATA
CHANDRYAN MISSIONS
o CHANDRAYAN-1
o CHANDRAYAN-2
o CHANDRAYAN-3
MANGALYAN
ASTRO SAT
GSLV MK,III-D1
ADITYA-1
GAJANYAAN
PSLV
ARYABHATA
Aryabhata (1975) – India’s first satellite, launched by
the Soviet Union, marked India’s entry into the space
age .
Purpose: The satellite was intended to conduct
experiments in X-ray astronomy, aeronomics, and solar
physics.
Design: It was a 26-sided
polyhedron, weighing 360
kg, and covered with solar
panels to generate power.
Outcome: The satellite operated for about five days
before a power failure ended the mission. Despite its
short lifespan, it was a significant milestone for India's
space program.
ABOUT CHANDRAYAN MISSIONS
CHANDRAYAN-1:
Launch Date: October
22, 2008
Purpose: India's first
lunar mission to map
the Moon's surface and
study its mineral
composition.
Key Details:
Launched using the PSLV-C11 rocket.
Carried 11 scientific instruments, including the
Moon Impact Probe (MIP) and the Moon
Mineralogy Mapper (M3).
Discovered evidence of water molecules on the
Moon's surface.
Operated for 312 days before losing
communication in August 2009.
CHANDRAYAN-2
- Included an orbiter, Lander (Vikram), & rover.
- Orbiter remains operational, studying the
moon’s surface &
atmosphere.
CHANDRAYAN-3
- Successfully landed near
the moon’s South Pole, making India the 1st
country to achieve this feat.
- The pragyan rover
conducted in-situ analysis
of lunar soil &
environment.
- MANGALYAAN:
- Launch Date: November 5, 2013
- Purpose: India's first interplanetary mission to
study Mars' surface, atmosphere, and mineral
composition.
- Key Details:
- Launched using the
PSLV-C25 rocket.
- Entered Mars' orbit on
September 24, 2014,
making India the first
country to succeed in
its maiden Mars mission.
- Carried five scientific instruments to study methane, dust
storms, and the Martian exosphere.
- Operated for over 7 years, far exceeding its planned
mission life of 6 months.
ASTRO SAT
Launch Date: September
28, 2015
Purpose: India's first
dedicated multi-
wavelength space
observatory to study
celestial objects in X-ray, ultraviolet, and visible light>
Key Details:
Launched using the PSLV-C30 rocket.
Equipped with five instruments, including the
Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) and Large
Area X-ray Proportional Counter (LAXPC).
Made significant discoveries, such as the
afterglow of gamma-ray bursts and the
structure of neutron stars.
GSLV MK,III-D1
Launch Date: June 5, 2017
Purpose: To launch heavy satellites into
geostationary orbit and support future human
spaceflight missions.
Key Details:
o Also known as LVM3
(Launch Vehicle Mark-3).
o Carried the GSAT-19
communication satellite
during its first operational flight.
o Has a payload capacity of 4,000 kg to
geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) and 8,000 kg
to low Earth orbit (LEO).
o Will be used for India's Gaganyaan human
spaceflight mission.
ADITYA-1
▪ Launch Date: September 2, 2023
Purpose: India's first solar
mission to study the Sun's
corona, solar emissions, and
space weather.
Key Details:
Launched using the PSLV-C57 rocket.
Placed in a halo orbit around the Lagrange
Point 1 (L1), 1.5 million km from Earth.
Carries seven payloads to observe the Sun's
photosphere, chromosphere, and corona.
Aims to improve understanding of solar
dynamics and their impact on Earth's climate
Gaganyaan (Human Spaceflight
mission):
Expected Launch: 2024-2025 (uncrewed test flights
in 2024)
Purpose: India's first human spaceflight mission to
send astronauts to low Earth orbit.
Key Details:
Will carry a crew of three astronauts for a 5-7
day mission.
Uses the GSLV Mk III rocket.
Includes an orbital
module with a
crew capsule and
service module.
Pre-mission tests,
including
uncrewed flights
and abort tests,
are underway.
Polar Satellite launch
vehicle (PSLV) :
Introduced in the 1990s, PSLV became the
workhorse of India’s space program>
▪ PSLV has been used for launching satellite for
navigation, communication, Earth
observation, and foreign payloads.
▪ Notable PSLV Missions:
PSLV-C37 (2017) – Launched a
record 104 satellite in a single
missions.
CONCLUSION:
India’s space program has evolved from modest
beginnings into a powerhouse of innovation and
scientific achievement. ISRO’s cost-effective
approach, combined with technological
advancements, has positioned India as a leader in
space exploration. The success of missions like
Chandrayaan-3, mangalyaan, & Aditya-L1 underscores
India’s growing capability in planetary exploration &
scientific research. With a strategy vision & strong
governmental support, India’s space program is
poised to make even greater contributions to global
space science & technology.
