Materials
1. PRINCIPLE FOR CHOICE OF MATERIALS
- long time little choice of materials
- Industrialization - more materials available
1.1. PERCEPTION OF MATERIALS
- defined by senses
- visual sense (sight) - olfactory sense (smell)
- tactile touch (touch) - auditory sense (hearing)
- thermal sense (feeling)
- Humidiy particularly ef fects thermal comfort
VISUAL: TACTILE: - if rises the perceived temperature rises as well
- Surface - Speed of air moving - materials with sorptive properties can regulate
perception - Air temperature humidity (e.g. plaster, clay, solid building materials =
- Transparency - Radiation from pleasant indoor climate)
- Color adjacent surfaces - SORPTION: enables materials to draw moisture out of
- Scale - Air humidity air and store it on surface; moisture is absorbed/
- Association released in relation to humidity
= Senses working together - Agreements vs. Contrast
1.2. MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS
Comfort Requirements Environmental Protection Maintaining Function Environmental Pollution
- safe for health - hygiene - light - abrasion - embodied energy
- provide comfort - air - maintenance need - material cycle (reuse, alternate
- temperature - damp-proof - durability use, extended use; down cycling,
- acoustics - thermal expansion - ageing recycling, upcycling)
- life-cycle assessment
1.3. TECHNICAL PROPERTIES
2. MATERIAL CLASSIFICATION
2..1. WOOD
- almost universally available as renewable building material
- used in variety of ways & readably priced
- easy to work & individual smell (according to species)
- natural color and texture - can become lighter or darker
- draws little heat when touched - is pleasant, sensual, warm
Advantages:
- thermal insulation
- sound insulation
- speed of building - structure - properties = low
- environmental impact weight - high strength
- cost ef ficiencies
- timber species
- coniferus/ decideous
- soft/hard
- look at Janka Chart Classification
- swelling & shrinking
- timber protection
- brush applied or dipped treatments
- Vacuum, high pressure treatment
- double vacuum, low pressure treatment
- building materials/products
- solid wood
- boards / planks / shingles
- Veneers
- thinner than 3mm
- glued onto core panels
- used in marquetry, doors, parquet floor, furniture parts
2.2. TIMBER-BASED MATERIALS
- Heat
- Production
- Pressure
- bonding processes/agents
- Resins (natural/artificial)
- PARTICLE BOARD: CHIP BOARD
- engineered wood product manufactured from
wood chips, sawmill shavings or saw dust and a
synthetic resin or suitable binder, which is
pressed and extruded
- very porous
- should not be exposed to water at least without
protection/sealant
- usually provided as veneered product with 1mm
plastic finish, imitating wood or any other finish
- PARTICLE BOARD : OSB BOARD
- „Oriented Strand Board“
- developed in North America as low-cost by-product from veneer and plywood
industries
- mainly used as planking material in timber and wood construction
- composition: 72mm particles about 5 to 50 mm and 0.6 mm thick, oriented in
same direction for high bending strength levels
- particles overlap so surface is rough and must be sanded for high quality
appearance
- high mechanical properties = suitable for load-bearing applications
- use: heating walls, flooring, rood decking
- exterior wall application: radiant-barrier layer pre-laminated to one side - eases
installation and increases energy performance
- FIBER BOARD: MDF BOARD
- „Medium Density Fiberboard“
- wood fibers glued together under heat and pressure
- composition and manufacture make it very stable - with comparatively hard and very smooth surfaces
- thickness range: 3mm to 19mm
- no true grain = cut and machined with great accuracy and
without surface damage
- sharp precise angle cuts
- heavier than other wood-based building boards
- greater workability and stability than plywood, chipboard
and OSB
- good base for paint but core is more absorbent and
should be filled, sealed or lipped
Disadvantages:
- Pre-drill screw holes
- dif ficult nailing
- nails and screws should be at least 25 mm from the edge
= toxic emission by machining and sanding due to content of formaldehyde
PLYWOOD
