1898 - Public toilet sheds were built in
Spanish american war, congested nipa districts
USA_CUBA vs spain and mock war - Banned the use of “esteros” for
manila- american war in august 12, 1898, bathing & washing
end and fall of spanish empire - Establish new type of communal
Treaty of paris 1913
Dec 10, 1898, end of the spanish First public bath & laundry made of
empire in the philippines concrete was built
February 1899- april 1902
The republic declared war on Sanitary Barrios
united states
1908,
AMERICAN COLNIAL ARCHITECTURE American introduced the
neighborhood concept
Late 18th century,
- Rebuilding of war-torn archipelago - Permitted nipa houses to be built
- Imperial image of well ordered, on blocks of subdivided lots
healthful & beautiful tropical city
- Deployment to facilitate public
health and sanitation
- Ermergece of filipino architects
PUBLIC ARCHITECTURE & SANITARY
FACILITIES
● Cubeta Tsalet
● Sanitary barrios
● Tsalet - Constructed either entirely of wood
● Ideal sanitary house or combination ferroconcrete &
wood
- Living areas were elevated a
Cubeta
meter above the ground
- 1902, use of toilet introduced
- Use of steps leading in every
through the pail conservancy
parts of the house
system
1912,
- In the absence of metropolitan
Bureau of health drew up the schemes for
sewer, each household were
sanitary urban house
provided with wooden bucket
which collected daily by the
- “The health housing alternative”
municipal excrement wagon
Ideal Sanitary House Daniel burnham, 1893
Columbian world expo made him
1903, “great fire of Manila” known as the “father of city beautiful
movement”
1917, experiment of materials
1904
- refinement of tsalet introduced the Burnhan and anderson surveyed
fire resistive roofing material manila and baguio aiming to reconfigure
the cities as a testimony
Modular components:
- Cement floor
- Wall slab implanted with “sawali” or
woven bamboo
FOREIGN STYLES & INFLUENCES
● Spanish mission revival
● City beautiful movement
● Neoclassicism
MASTER PLAN OF MANILA
Spanish mission Revival
MASTER PLAN OF MANILA
- Transitional style - Development of waterfronts and
- Insular architect, EDGAR K location of parks, playfields and
BOURNE parkways
- Establishing of street system
Insular ice plant & cold storage - Zoning of build sites for various
1st large building erected by the functions
americans, features massive brick - Development of waterway or
masonry fashioned in the revivalist style “esteros” for transportation
with low relief false arches, pediment
portals & a series of mirador towers Central civic core
Designed with radials emanating
from its, laid over a grid irons patterns
Radiating tree-lined boulevards
Divided the city into 5 sections &
produce a street systems
BAGUIO MASTER PLAN
- Summer CApital of the Philippines
City beautiful movement
The mansion
- Master plan for manila Became the official residence pf the
- Installed a sense of cosmopolitan american governor- general
arrangement to manila
Session Road IMPROVEMENT IN CONSTRUCTION
Where the philippines commission Importing american architecture and
held its first session in baguio city building technology
WILLIAM PARSONS NEW MATERIALS AND SYSTEMS
Responsible for the design of all
public buildings and parks for the entire ● Reinforced concrete
colony (ferroconcrete)
● Concrete hollow block
NEOCLASSICISM ● Khan truss system
● Use of steel-framed skeletons
- Adoption of “Beaux arts” as an construction
officials style of the colony for the ● Prefabricated and precast
next 3 decades components such as concrete
ornaments
Neoclassical capitol building ● Adoption of standardized plans and
The embodiment of the american modular systems for building types
republic ideals rose in every provincials
urban center
GABALDON MODEL SCHOOLHOUSES
GEORGE FENHAGEN
Best remembered for designing
the unbuilt capitol building of manila
RALPH DOANE
Drafted the plans for the
pangasinan provincial capitol, malacanang
executives building, & preliminary plans for
the legislatives building
- Most pervasive legacy of William
Parsons
- Materials, forms, doors, windows,
were stadarized to bring down cost
and maximize construction
efficiency
The unbuilt capitol of the philippines
FEATURES:
- Elevated above ground,
- capiz, windows
- Classrooms opening to a hallways
CAPITOL & MUNICIPAL COMPLEXES FIRST GENERATION OF ARCHITECTS
● CARLOS BARETTO
● ANTONIO TOLEDO
● TOMAS MAPUA
● ARCADIO ARELLANO
● TOMAS ARGUELLES
● JUAN ARELLANO
CARLOS BARRETO
- First pensionado,
- Like schoolhouse, plans of - First filipino to have architect
municipal building of later years degree abroad
were also standarized - One of the pioneer staff of division
of architecture
- Parsons situated the municipal
building in a park like settings ANTONIO TOLEDO
- Master of neoclassicist style
SANITARY MARKETS AND TIENDAS - First architect educators
- Design the grand edifices of the
twin corinthian building
TOMAS MAPUA
- First registered architect
- 1925, establish the first
architectural school;
ARCADIO ARELLANO
1912 - First filipino to be employed by
- Stadarize begins the american
- Pioneered in the establishment of
- Parsons recommend concrete an architectural and surveying
floors and steel truss roofs offices
- Provide with maximums light and - Brother of juan arellano
iars and located whenever possible
near an estero TOMAS ARGUELLES
- Advocated the enforcement of the
building code of the manila
EMERGENCE OF FILIPINO ARCHITECT - Heacock’s building
- One of the major department
PENSIONADO SYSTEMS, 1903 stores of the periods
- The government launched a
scholarship program for the JUAN ARELLANO
deserving filipinos aspiring to be a - Promoted the shift to
architects to pursue academic proto-modern
training in the united states - Project: metropolitan museum,
legislative building and post office
building
ART DECO ART DECO + CHINESE ELEMENT:
- Originated in 1925, exposition in ● Cathay theater
paris
- Stepped or zigzag silhouette STREAMLINED ART DECO
STREAMLINED DECO ● Times theater
Evoke the imagery of machine and ● Pines theater
mass production
- Rounded corner SECOND GENERATION ARCHITECT
ART DECO BUILDING ● ANDRES LUNA DE SAN PEDRO
● PABLO ANTONIO
FACADE: exuberant exoticism and ● FERNANDO OCAMPO
ornamentation ● JUAN NAKPIL
● Elpo building
● Bautista- nakpil pylon ANDRES LUNA DE SAN PEDRO
● Metropolitan theatre - Introduce new architectural forms
● Santos house in the philippines
● Mapua house - Regina building ,manila
DEMONSTRATED THE TRANSITION PABLO ANTONIO
FROM CLASSICAL TO ART DECO: - National artist for architecture
- His building was characterized by
● Bulacan capitol clean lines, plain surfaces, and
● Cebu capitol bold rectangular masses
● Sariyaya municipal building - President of the philippines
institute of architects
ZIGZAG SILHOUETTE: - Feu main building, manila
● insular life building FERNANDO OCAMPO
● bauan municipal building - Designed with straight forward
● quezon bridge pylons simplicity, synthesizing traditional
- Design with art deco ornaments
STREAMLINED MARITIME IMAGERY: - Co -founded UST school of fine
arts and architecture 1930
● Rizal memorial stadium - Manila cathedral, neo-romanesque
● Jai alai building
● Marsman building JUAN NAKPIL
● Lopez house - National artist for architecture
● Feu main building - Worked in art deco style, combined
stylized flora and angular forms
ISLAMIC &MUDEJAR ART DECO: - Gonzalez hall, UP Diliman. Main
library
● Lyric theater
● Bellevue theater
