Summary

1. A mother of a two-day-old neonate reports concern that her breastmilk supply is insufficient because her baby feeds briefly, fusses at breast, and appears
restless after latching. The nurse assesses latch and transfer, observes feeding technique, and explains that exclusive breastfeeding should occur on demand
about 8–12 times daily, alternating both breasts to stimulate supply. Which maternal statement indicates understanding?

Your Answer: B. I should wait until the baby cries and then feed every 4–6 hours.

Correct Answer: A. I will feed 8–12 times per 24 hours, ensuring both breasts are emptied each session.

Rationale: Exclusive on-demand breastfeeding 8–12 times daily with effective breast emptying supports adequate milk production and infant intake.

2. A caregiver of a premature infant prescribed fortified formula demonstrates mixing 1 scoop per 2 ounces of tap water heated to 60°C to prepare feedings.
The nurse reviews formula preparation to minimize bacterial contamination and ensure nutrient accuracy. Which instruction should the nurse reinforce?

Your Answer: A. Use water heated to at least 70°C to kill bacteria, then cool to feeding temperature.

Correct Answer: A. Use water heated to at least 70°C to kill bacteria, then cool to feeding temperature.

Rationale: Using water ≥70°C ensures bacterial contaminants are eliminated; formula should be cooled safely before feeding.

3. A six-week-old infant on formula feeding presents with excessive gas, spitting up, and irritability during and after feeds. The nurse observes feeding
position and technique and notes the bottle nipple allows air entry. Which recommendation should nurse provide to reduce feeding intolerance and reflux?

Your Answer: B. Hold bottle at angle to keep nipple filled with formula and burp infant every 1–2 ounces.

Correct Answer: B. Hold bottle at angle to keep nipple filled with formula and burp infant every 1–2 ounces.

Rationale: Maintaining nipple filled with formula minimizes air ingestion; proper positioning and frequent burping reduce gas and reflux.

4. A community nurse teaches parents about initiating solid foods in a 5-month-old showing readiness by sitting with support, showing interest in food, and
losing extrusion reflex. She advises introducing iron-fortified rice cereal mixed with breastmilk first, then pureed vegetables, fruits, and meats over several
weeks. Which progression best reflects appropriate timing and texture advancement?

Your Answer: A. Start rice cereal at 5 months, then pureed veggies and fruits, progressing to mashed solids by 7–8 months.

Correct Answer: A. Start rice cereal at 5 months, then pureed veggies and fruits, progressing to mashed solids by 7–8 months.

Rationale: Introducing iron-fortified cereals at 5–6 months, then progressing from purees to mashed textures over several months aligns with
developmental readiness and nutrition needs.

5. During a home visit, nurse evaluates a 7-month-old infant’s feeding progression. The infant sits unsupported, uses pincer grasp, and transfers food from
spoon to mouth. The mother wonders when to introduce soft finger foods. Which guideline should nurse provide regarding introduction of finger foods and
self-feeding?

Your Answer: A. Introduce soft finger foods now to encourage self-feeding and oral motor skills.

Correct Answer: A. Introduce soft finger foods now to encourage self-feeding and oral motor skills.

Rationale: Developmental skills at 7 months, including pincer grasp and sitting, indicate readiness for soft finger foods to promote autonomy and oral
motor development.

6. A pediatric dietitian outlines nutritional requirements for varying age groups. For a 4-year-old child, recommended daily intake includes 1,200–1,400 kcal,
45–65% carbohydrates, 5–20% protein, 30–40% fat, plus 600 IU vitamin D and 1,000 mg calcium. Which rationale supports providing these macronutrient
and micronutrient recommendations?

Your Answer: A. Supports rapid growth and bone mineralization during early childhood.

Correct Answer: A. Supports rapid growth and bone mineralization during early childhood.

Rationale: Balanced macronutrients and essential micronutrients like vitamin D and calcium support healthy growth, skeletal development, and overall
metabolic needs in preschoolers.

7. A clinic screens Filipino school-aged children for common nutritional deficiencies and discovers high prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia. A nurse
teaches parents about iron-rich local foods and enhancing absorption. Which pair of dietary recommendations should be included to improve iron intake
and bioavailability?

Your Answer: A. Offer liver, beans, and leafy greens with citrus fruits or tomatoes.

Correct Answer: A. Offer liver, beans, and leafy greens with citrus fruits or tomatoes.

Rationale: Combining iron-rich foods with vitamin C sources enhances non-heme iron absorption, reducing risk of deficiency.

8. In a community screening, a 3-year-old child’s mid-upper arm circumference measures 120 mm, and weight-for-height is between the 70th and 85th
percentiles, suggesting moderate acute malnutrition. Which management step should nurse implement first to address moderate acute malnutrition?

Your Answer: B. Initiate supplementary feeding with nutrient-dense snacks and monitor weekly.

Correct Answer: B. Initiate supplementary feeding with nutrient-dense snacks and monitor weekly.

Rationale: Moderate acute malnutrition is managed with community-based supplementary feeding, nutrition counseling, and regular monitoring before
considering inpatient care.

9. A public health nurse designs a prevention program for underweight preschoolers in a rural barangay, including growth monitoring, micronutrient
supplementation, and caregiver education. After six months, which outcome measure best reflects program success in reducing underweight prevalence?

Your Answer: A. Increase in average weight-for-age z-scores above -2 SD cutoff.

Correct Answer: A. Increase in average weight-for-age z-scores above -2 SD cutoff.

Rationale: Weight-for-age z-scores above -2 SD indicates reduction in underweight prevalence, demonstrating program effectiveness in improving
 nutritional status.

10. A toddler presents with persistent food refusal, gagging, and pocketing of pureed foods without chewing. The nurse conducts a feeding assessment and
identifies oral hypersensitivity. Which specialist referral and intervention should the nurse prioritize to address feeding aversion and oral motor delays?

Your Answer: A. Refer to occupational therapy for oral motor desensitization and feeding therapy sessions.

Correct Answer: A. Refer to occupational therapy for oral motor desensitization and feeding therapy sessions.

Rationale: Occupational therapy focusing on oral motor desensitization addresses feeding aversion and supports transition to varied food textures.

Score: 9/10 (90.00%)