TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTE TITLE PAGE
R NO.
NO.
ABSTRACT iii
LIST OF TABLES vii
LIST OF FIGURES viii
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 INTRODUCTION 3
1.2 HISTORY 4
1.3 WORKING PRINCIPLE 7
1.4 APPLICATIONS 8
1.5 ADVANTAGES 11
2 LITERATURE REVIEW 13
3 ELEMENTS OF THE SYSTEM 17
3.1 ELEMENTS 17
3.1.1 ENERGY STORAGE UNIT 17
3.1.2 BATTERY 18
3.1.3 FLY WHEEL 19
3.1.4 SPRING 19
3.1.5 HYDRAULIC 20
3.1.6 ELECTROMAGNETIC FLY WHEEL 21
3.1.7 CONVENTIONAL VARIABLE 21
TRANSMISSION
3.1.8 REGENERATIVE BRAKE 21
iv
CONTROLLER
3.1.9 CONTROLLER 22
3.2 REGENERATIVE BRAKING ASSISTED 22
WITH
FRICTIONAL BRAKING
4 METHODOLOGY 24
4.1 FABRICATION 25
4.1.1 DC MOTOR 26
4.1.2 BRAKE WHEEL 26
4.1.3 BREAK SPINDLE 27
4.1.4 LED 27
4.1.5 ELECTRIC WIRES 27
4.1.6 WOOD 27
4.1.7 SCREWS 27
4.1.8 CLAMPS 28
4.2 EQUIPMENTS USED IN FABRICATION 28
4.2.1 DRILLING 28
4.2.2 CUTTING 29
4.3 PROCEDURE 30
4.4 PRECAUTIONS 30
5 RESULT AND DISCUSSION 31
5.1 RESULT 31
5.2 DISCUSSION 31
6 EQUATIONS FOR REGENERATIVE 33
BRAKING SYSTEM
6.1 REGENERATIVE BRAKES 33
6.2 KERS FLYWHEEL 34
6.3 CARS 35
7 CONCLUSION 37
7.1 CONCLUSION 37
v
7.2 RECOMMENDATIONS 38
REFERENCES 39
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE LIST OF TABLE PAGE
NO TITLE NO
4.1 LIST OF MATERIALS 25
vi
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE LIST OF FIGURES PAGE
NO TITLE NO
1.1 A BICYCLE WITH A DYNAMO 2
THE FIRST CAR PATENTED FOR
1.2
REGENERATIVE BRAKING 3
AN ARTICLE IN ENGLAND ABOUT
1.3
RBS IN TRAINS 4
THE KIRUNA - NARVIK TRAIN
1.4
EQUIPPED WITH RBS 5
1.5 AMC AMITRON CAR WITH RBS 6
1.6 DELHI METRO EQUIPPED WITH RBS 7
1.7 NORMAL FORWARD DRIVING 7
REGENERATIVE ACTION DURING
1.8
BRAKING 7
1.9 A SIMPLE REPRESENTATION OF 8
vii
REGENERATIVE BRAKING SYSTEM
1.1 AUDI E- TRON 9
1.11 HYUNDAI KONA 9
1.12 DELHI METRO 9
1.13 LONDON METRO 9
1.14 SKODA TRAMS 9
REGENERATIVE BRAKING
1.15 INTEGRATED MACK TRUCKS AND E-
CATERPILLAR 10
REGENERATIVE BRAKING
1.16 INTEGRATED MITSUBISHI
ELEVATORS 10
REGENERATIVE BRAKING SYSTEM
1.17
INTEGRATED IN DANIELI CRANES 11
THE BATTERY PACK USED IN TESLA
3.1
CARS 18
A KERS FLYWHEEL USED IN
3.2
FORMULA CAR 19
A BIKE EQUIPPED WITH TORSIONAL
3.3
SPRING FOR RBS 20
A HYDRAULIC STORAGE SYSTEM
3.4
USED IN TRUCKS 20
3.5 A CVT TRANSMISSION 21
3.6 A RBS CONTROLLER 22
3.7 A TRADITIONAL DISC BRAKE 23
4.1 BREAK WHEEL 26
4.2 LED 27
4.3 SCREWS 28
4.4 CLAMPS 28
viii
4.5 DRILLING MACHINE 29
4.5 CUTTING MACHINE 29
5.1 REGENERATIVE BRAKING SYSTEM 31
ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF CARS IN
5.1
TOWNS AND ON MOTORWAY 36
ix