Test 1

SECTION 1
Questions 1-6
Complete the form below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
Moving Company Service Report
Example Answer
Full Name: Jane Bond
Phone Number: 1…………..

509 2…………..
USA Address:
1137 3………….., Seattle

Packing Day: 4…………..

Date: 11th March
Clean-up by: 5:00 p.m.
Day: 5………….. 14th
About the Price: Rather expensive
Storage Time: 6…………..

Questions 7-10
Where does the speaker decide to put items in?
Write the correct letter, A, B, or C, next to questions 7-10.
A in emergency pack
B in personal package
C in storage with the furniture
Items
7 cutlery and dishes
8 kettle
9 alarm clock
10 CD player
SECTION 2
Questions 11-16
Complete the table below.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
ANNUAL WULLABALLOO CONFERENCE
TIME CONTENT LOCATION
9:00 a.m. Title of the lecture: Main Hall
11………….
Lecturer: John Smith from
 the 12………….
Garden Room on the
10:30 a.m. Presentation of papers
ground floor
11:15 a.m. Coffee break Main Hall
Sea View Restaurant on the
1:00 p.m. Lunch 13………….
The lift on the 14………….
Presentation of further
2:00 p.m. Ballroom
papers
15………….
Afternoon tea Ballroom
p.m.
Conference will be
5:00 p.m. Main Hall
finished
5:10-6:10
Informal reception 16………….
p.m.

Questions 17-20
Choose the correct letter, A, B, or C.
17 Tickets are available
A only at the reception desk.
B tomorrow evening.
C at any time before the reception.
18 The delegates will be charged……..
A $6.50
B $15.00
C $25.00
19 The restaurant is famous for
A steak.
B fish.
C barbecue.
20 The trip on Sunday costs
A $35 in total.
B $35 plus entrance fees.
C $35 plus lunch.
SECTION 3
Questions 21-26 Choose the correct letter, A, B, or C.
GENERAL COURSE DETAILS
21 What is the defining characteristic of a specialised course?
A Taking a proficiency exam
B Attending the class frequently
C Compulsory and regular
22 The Microbiology courses are available for
A full-time and flexible-time students.
B Microbiology students only.
C students on a flexible schedule.
23 The Biology courses are available for
A all students.
B full-time students only.
C freshmen only.
24 Who are interested in Microbiology courses?
A People who need work experience
B People from off-campus
C People who work at hospital
25 A Medical Science course will be opened next year because
A there are no experimental facilities.
B the lab equipment is too expensive.
C the building is damaged.
26 Which is the quickest increasing subject in enrolment?
A Medical Science
B Statistics
C Environmental Science
Questions 27-29
Choose THREE letters, A-G, and write each next to questions 27-29.
Which THREE compulsory courses must be taken?
A Medical Science
B Computing
C Mathematics
D Laboratory Techniques
E Statistics
F Medicine
G Environmental Science
Question 30
Complete the sentence below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for the answer.
There are three full scholarships that cover tuition and provide $1,500 cash as a 30………….
SECTION 4
Questions 31-37
Complete the notes below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.
How to Choose Flooring Materials
Source
There are some man-made materials like 31………….
Before being used, material undergoes 32………….
Wood should be cut and 33………….
Stone should be cut and 34………….
Selection
Aside from environmental factors, one should take 35…………. into account during
construction.
Some properties of materials affect mood, such as 36…………., texture, and colour.
Use a mathematical formula to choose the type of wood, because 37…………. Are subjective,
which are ambiguous in verbal description.
Questions 38-40
Complete the table below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
MATERIAL REFLECTANCE RATE
Polished silver Almost 1.0
White-painted plastic Approximately 38………….
Quarry tile Approximately 39………….
40…………. Almost 0.0
Test 1
Reading Passage 1
William Gilbert and Magnetism
A The 16th and 17th centuries saw two great pioneers of modern science: Galileo
and Gilbert. The impact of their findings is eminent. Gilbert was the first modern
scientist, also the accredited father of the science of electricity and magnetism, an
Englishman of learning and a physician at the court of Elizabeth. Prior to him, all
that was known of electricity and magnetism was what the ancients knew, nothing
more than that the lodestone possessed magnetic properties and that amber and jet,
when rubbed, would attract bits of paper or other substances of small specific
gravity. However, he is less well known than he deserves.
B Gilbert’s birth pre-dated Galileo. Born in an eminent local family in Colchester
County in the UK, on May 24, 1544, he went to grammar school, and then studied
medicine at St John’s College, Cambridge, graduating in 1573. Later he travelled
in the continent and eventually settled down in London.
C He was a very successful and eminent doctor. All this culminated in his election
to the president of the Royal Science Society. He was also appointed personal
physician to the Queen (Elizabeth I), and later knighted by the Queen. He faithfully
served her until her death. However, he didn’t outlive the Queen for long and died
on November 30, 1603, only a few months after his appointment as personal
physician to King James.
D Gilbert was first interested in chemistry but later changed his focus due to the
large portion of mysticism of alchemy involved (such as the transmutation of
metal). He gradually developed his interest in physics after the great minds of the
ancient, particularly about the knowledge the ancient Greeks had about lodestones,
strange minerals with the power to attract iron. In the meantime, Britain became a
major seafaring nation in 1588 when the Spanish Armada was defeated, opening
the way to British settlement of America. British ships depended on the magnetic
compass, yet no one understood why it worked. Did the Pole Star attract it, as
Columbus once speculated; or was there a magnetic mountain at the pole, as
described in Odyssey, which ships would never approach, because the sailors
thought its pull would yank out all their iron nails and fittings? For nearly 20 years,
William Gilbert conducted ingenious experiments to understand magnetism. His
works include On the Magnet, Magnetic Bodies, and the Great Magnet of the
Earth.
E Gilbert’s discovery was so important to modern physics. He investigated the
nature of magnetism and electricity. He even coined the word “electric”. Though
the early beliefs of magnetism were also largely entangled with superstitions such
as that rubbing garlic on lodestone can neutralise its magnetism, one example
being that sailors even believed the smell of garlic would even interfere with the
action of compass, which is why helmsmen were forbidden to eat it near a ship’s
compass. Gilbert also found that metals can be magnetised by rubbing materials
such as fur, plastic or the like on them. He named the ends of a magnet “north
pole” and “south pole”. The magnetic poles can attract or repel, depending on
polarity. In addition, however, ordinary iron is always attracted to a magnet.
Though he started to study the relationship between magnetism and electricity,
sadly he didn’t complete it. His research of static electricity using amber and jet
only demonstrated that objects with electrical charges can work like magnets
attracting small pieces of paper and stuff. It is a French guy named du Fay that
discovered that there are actually two electrical charges, positive and negative.
F He also questioned the traditional astronomical beliefs. Though a Copernican, he
didn’t express in his quintessential beliefs whether the earth is at the centre of the
universe or in orbit around the sun. However, he believed that stars are not
equidistant from the earth but have their own earth-like planets orbiting around
them. The earth itself is like a giant magnet, which is also why compasses always
point north. They spin on an axis that is aligned with the earth’s polarity. He even
likened the polarity of the magnet to the polarity of the earth and built an entire
magnetic philosophy on this analogy. In his explanation, magnetism is the soul of
the earth. Thus a perfectly spherical lodestone, when aligned with the earth’s poles,
would wobble all by itself in 24 hours. Further, he also believed that the sun and
other stars wobble just like the earth does around a crystal core, and speculated that
the moon might also be a magnet caused to orbit by its magnetic attraction to the
earth. This was perhaps the first proposal that a force might cause a heavenly orbit.
G His research method was revolutionary in that he used experiments rather than
pure logic and reasoning like the ancient Greek philosophers did. It was a new
attitude towards the scientific investigation. Until then, scientific experiments were
not in fashion. It was because of this scientific attitude, together with his contri-
bution to our knowledge of magnetism, that a unit of magneto motive force, also
known as magnetic potential, was named Gilbert in his honour. His approach of
careful observation and experimentation rather than the authoritative opinion or
deductive philosophy of others had laid the very foundation for modern science.

Questions 1-7
Reading Passage 244 has seven paragraphs A-G. Choose the correct heading for
each paragraph from the list of headings below.Write the correct number i-x in
boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.
List of headings
i Early years of Gilbert
ii What was new about his scientific research method
iii The development of chemistry
iv Questioning traditional astronomy
v Pioneers of the early science
vi Professional and social recognition
vii Becoming the president of the Royal Science Society
viii The great works of Gilbert
ix His discovery about magnetism
x His change of focus
1. Paragraph A – Pioneers of the early science
2. Paragraph B - i Early years of Gilbert
3. Paragraph C- viii The great works of Gilbert
4. Paragraph D- x His change of focus
5. Paragraph E- iii The development of chemistry
6. Paragraph F- ix His discovery about magnetism
7. Paragraph G- ii What was new about his scientific research method

Questions 8-10
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage
1? In boxes 8-10 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
8. He is less famous than he should be. True
9. He was famous as a doctor before he was employed by the Queen. true
10. He lost faith in the medical theories of his time. Not given
Questions 11-13
Choose THREE letters A-F. Write your answers in boxes 11-13 on your answer
sheet.
Which THREE of the following are parts of Gilbert’s discovery?
A. Metal can be transformed into another.
B. Garlic can remove magnetism,
C. Metals can be magnetised.
D. Stars are at different distances from the earth.
E. The earth wobbles on its axis.
F. There are two charges of electricity.

READING PASSAGE 2
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-27 which are based on
Reading Passage 2 below.
European Heat Wave
A IT WAS the summer, scientists now realise, when felt. We knew that summer
2003 was remarkable; global warming, at last, made itself unmistakably Britain
experienced its record high temperature and continental Europe saw forest fires
raging out of control, great rivers drying of a trickle and thousands of heat-related
deaths. But just how remarkable is only now becoming clear?
B The three months of June, July and August were the warmest ever recorded in
western and central Europe, with record national highs in Portugal, Germany and
Switzerland as well as Britain. And they were the warmest by a very long way
Over a great rectangular block of the earth stretching from west of Paris to
northern Italy, taking in Switzerland and southern Germany, the average
temperature for the summer months was 3.78 oC above the long-term norm, said
the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) of the University of East Anglia in Norwich,
which is one of the world’s leading institutions for the monitoring and analysis of
temperature records.
C That excess might not seem a lot until you are aware of the context – but then
you realise it is enormous. There is nothing like this in previous data, anywhere. It
is considered so exceptional that Professor Phil Jones, the CRU’s director, is
prepared to say openly – in a way few scientists have done before – that the 2003
extreme may be directly attributed, not to natural climate variability, but to global
warming caused by human actions.
D Meteorologists have hitherto contented themselves with the formula that recent
high temperatures are consistent with predictions of climate. For the great block of
the map – that stretching between 35-50N and 0-20E – the CRU has reliable
temperature records dating back to 1781. Using as a baseline the average summer
temperature recorded between 1961 and 1990, departures from the temperature
norm, or ‘anomalies’: over the area as a whole can easily be plotted. As the graph
shows, such as the variability of our climate that over the past 200 years, there
have been at least half a dozen anomalies, in terms of excess temperature – the
peaks on the graph denoting very hot years – approaching, or even exceeding, 20
oC. But there has been nothing remotely like 2003 when the anomaly is nearly four
degrees.
E “This is quite remarkable,” Professor Jones told The Independent. “It’s very
unusual in a statistical sense. If this series had a normal statistical distribution, you
wouldn’t get this number. There turn period “how often it could be expected to
recur” would be something like one in a thousand years. If we look at an excess
above the average of nearly four degrees, then perhaps nearly three degrees of that
is natural variability, because we’ve seen that in past summers. But the final degree
of it is likely to be due to global warming, caused by human actions.
F The summer of 2003 has, in a sense, been one that climate scientists have long
been expecting. Until now, the warming has been manifesting itself mainly in
winters that have been less cold than in summers that have been much hotter. Last
week, the United Nations predicted that winters were warming so quickly that
winter sports would die out in Europe’s lower-level ski resorts. But sooner or later
the unprecedentedly hot summer was bound to come, and this year it did.
G One of the most dramatic features of the summer was the hot nights, especially
in the first half of August. In Paris, the temperature never dropped below 230 oC
(73.40 oF) at all between 7 and 14 August, and the city recorded its warmest-ever
night on 11-12 August, when the mercury did not drop below 25.50 oC (77.90 oF).
Germany recorded its warmest-ever night at Weinbiet in the Rhine valley with the
lowest figure of 27.60 oC (80.60 oF) on 13 August, and similar record-breaking
night-time temperatures were recorded in Switzerland and Italy.
H The 15,000 excess deaths in France during August, compared with previous
years, have been related to the high night-time temperatures. The number gradually
increased during the first 12 days of the month, peaking at about 2,000 per day on
the night of 12-13 August, the fell off dramatically after 14 August when the
minimum temperatures fell by about 50C. The elderly were most affected, with a
70 per cent increase in mortality rate in those aged 75-94.
I For Britain, the year as a whole is likely to be the warmest ever recorded, but
despite the high-temperature record on 10 August, the summer itself – defined as
the June, July and August period – still comes behind 1976 and 1955, when there
were long periods of intense heat. At the moment, the year is on course to be the
third-hottest ever in the global temperature record, which goes back to 1856,
behind 1988 and 2002 but when all the records for October, November and
December are collated, it might move into second place, Professor Jones said. The
10 hottest years in the record have all now occurred since 1990. Professor Jones is
in no doubt about the astonishing nature of the European summer of 2003. “The
temperatures recorded were out of all proportion to the previous record,” he said.
“It was the warmest summer in the past 500 years and probably way beyond what
it was enormously exceptional.”
J His colleagues at the University of East Anglia’s Tyndall Centre for Climate
Change Research are now planning a special study of it. “It was a summer that has
not: been experienced before, either in terms of the temperature extremes that were
reached, or the range and diversity of the impacts of the extreme heat,” said the
centre’s executive director, Professor Mike Hulme. “It will certainly have left its
mark on a number of countries, as to how they think and plan for climate change in
the future, much as the 2000 floods have revolutionised the way the Government is
thinking about flooding in the UK. “The 2003 heatwave will have similar
repercussions across Europe.”

Questions 14-19
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage
2?
In boxes 14-19 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement is true
FALSE if the statement is false
NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage
14 The average summer temperature in 2003 is approximately four degrees higher
than that of the past. true
15 Global warming is caused by human activities. true
16 John believes the temperature variation is within normal range.
17 In a large city, people usually measure temperature twice a day. not given
18 There were milder winters rather than hotter summers before 2003. true
19 New ski resorts are to be built on a high-altitude spot. not given

Questions 20-21
Answer the questions below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS
AND/OR NUMBERS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in
boxes 20-21 on your answer sheet.
20 What are the two hottest years in Britain besides 2003? 1976, 1995

21 What will affect UK government policies besides climate change according to

Hulme? 2000 floods
Questions 22-26
Complete the summary below using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the
passage.
Write your answers in boxes 22-25 on your answer sheet
The other two hottest years around the globe were 22 1998 and 2002 The ten
hottest years on record all come after the year 23 1990 This temperature data has
been gathered since 24 1856 Thousands of people died in the country of
25………..
Question 26
Choose the correct letter A, B, C or D
Write your answer in box 27 on your answer sheet.
26 Which one can be best served as the title of this passage in the following
options?
A Global Warming effect
B What caused Global Warming in Europe
C The Effects of hot temperature
D Hottest summer in Europe
Reading Passage 3
Amateur Naturalists
From the results of an annual Alaskan betting contest to sightings of migratory
birds, ecologists are using a wealth of unusual data to predict the impact of
climate change.
A Tim Sparks slides a small leather-bound notebook out of an envelope. The
book's yellowing pages contain bee-keeping notes made between 1941 and 1969
by the late Walter Coates of Kilworth, Leicestershire. He adds it to his growing
pile of local journals, birdwatchers' lists and gardening diaries. "We're uncovering
about one major new record each month," he says, "I still get surprised." Around
two centuries before Coates, Robert Marsham, a landowner from Norfolk in the
east of England, began recording the life cycles of plants and animals on his estate
- when the first wood anemones flowered, the dates on which the oaks burst into
leaf and the rooks began nesting. Successive Marshams continued compiling these
notes for 211 years.
B Today, such records are being put to uses that their authors could not possibly
have expected. These data sets, and others like them, are proving invaluable to
ecologists interested in the timing of biological events, or phenology. By
combining the records with climate data, researchers can reveal how, for example,
changes in temperature affect the arrival of spring, allowing ecologists to make
improved predictions about the impact of climate change. A small band of
researchers is combing through hundreds of years of records taken by thousands of
amateur naturalists. And more systematic projects have also started up, producing
an overwhelming response. "The amount of interest is almost frightening," says
Sparks, a climate researcher at the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology in Monks
Wood, Cambridgeshire.
C Sparks first became aware of the army of "closet phenologists”, as he describes
them, when a retiring colleague gave him the Marsham records. He now spends
much of his time following leads from one historical data set to another. As news
of his quest spreads, people tip him off to other historical records, and more
amateur phenologists come out of their closets. The British devotion to recording
and collecting makes his job easier - one man from Kent sent him 30 years' worth
of kitchen calendars, on which he had noted the date that his neighbour's magnolia
tree flowered.
D Other researchers have unearthed data from equally odd sources. Rafe Sagarin,
an ecologist at Stanford University in California, recently studied records of a
betting contest in which participants attempt to guess the exact time at which a
specially erected wooden tripod will fall through the surface of a thawing river.
The competition has taken place annually on the Tanana River in Alaska since
1917, and analysis of the results showed that the thaw now arrives five days earlier
than it did when the contest began.
E Overall, such records have helped to show that, compared with 20 years ago, a
raft of natural events now occur earlier across much of the northern hemisphere,
from the opening of leaves to the return of birds from migration and the emergence
of butterflies from hibernation. The data can also hint at how nature will change in
the future. Together with models of climate change, amateurs' records could help
guide conservation. Terry Root, an ecologist at the University of Michigan in Ann
Arbor, has collected birdwatchers' counts of wildfowl taken between 1955 and
1996 on seasonal ponds in the American Midwest and combined them with climate
data and models of future warming. Her analysis shows that the increased droughts
that the models predict could halve the breeding populations at the ponds. "The
number of waterfowl in North America will most probably drop significantly with
global warming," she says.
F But not all professionals are happy to use amateur data. "A lot of scientists won't
touch them, they say they're too full of problems," says Root. Because different
observers can have different ideas of what constitutes, for example, an open
snowdrop. "The biggest concern with ad hoc observations is how carefully and
systematically they were taken," says Mark Schwartz of the University of
Wisconsin, Milwaukee, who studies the interactions between plants and climate.
"We need to know pretty precisely what a person's been observing - if they just say
'I noted when the leaves came out', it might not be that useful." Measuring the
onset of autumn can be particularly problematic because deciding when leaves
change colour is a more subjective process than noting when they appear.
G Overall, most phenologists are positive about the contribution that amateurs can
make. "They get at the raw power of science: careful observation of the natural
world," says Sagarin. But the professionals also acknowledge the need for careful
quality control. Root, for example, tries to gauge the quality of an amateur archive
by interviewing its collector. "You always have to worry - things as trivial as
vacations can affect measurement. I disregard a lot of records because they're not
rigorous enough," she says. Others suggest that the right statistics can iron out
some of the problems with amateur data. Together with colleagues at Wageningen
University in the Netherlands, environmental scientist Arnold van Vliet is
developing statistical techniques to account for the uncertainty in amateur
phenological data. With the enthusiasm of amateur phenologists evident from past
records, professional researchers are now trying to create standardised recording
schemes for future efforts. They hope that well-designed studies will generate a
volume of observations large enough to drown out the idiosyncrasies of individual
recorders. The data are cheap to collect, and can provide breadth in space, time and
range of species. "It's very difficult to collect data on a large geographical scale
without enlisting an army of observers," says Root.
H Phenology also helps to drive home messages about climate change. "Because
the public understands these records, they accept them," says Sparks. It can also
illustrate potentially unpleasant consequences, he adds, such as the finding that
more rat infestations are reported to local councils in warmer years. And getting
people involved is great for public relations. "People are thrilled to think that the
data they've been collecting as a hobby can be used for something scientific - it
empowers them," says Root.

Questions 27-33
Reading Passage 246 has eight paragraphs A-H. Which paragraph contains the
following information? Write the correct letter A-H in boxes 27-33 on your answer
sheet.
27. The definition of phenology B
28. How Sparks first became aware of amateur records C
29. How people reacted to their involvement in data collection H
30. The necessity to encourage amateur data collection G
31. A description of using amateur records to make predictions E
32. Records of a competition providing clues to climate change D
33. A description of a very old record compiled by generations of amateur
naturalists A

Questions 34-36
Complete the sentences below with NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the
passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 34-36 on your answer sheet.
34. Walter Coates’s records largely contain the information of bee-keeping
35. Robert Marsham is famous for recording the life cycles. of animals and plants
on his land.
36. According to some phenologists, global warming may cause the number of
waterfowl in North America to drop significantly due to increased droughts

Questions 37- 40
Choose the correct letter A, B, C or D. Write your answers in boxes 37- 40 on your
answer sheet.
37. Why do a lot of scientists discredit the data collected by amateurs?
A. Scientific methods were not used in data collection.
B. Amateur observers are not careful in recording their data.
C. Amateur data is not reliable.
D. Amateur data is produced by wrong candidates.
38. Mark Schwartz used the example of leaves to illustrate that
A. amateur records can’t be used.
B. amateur records are always unsystematic.
C. the colour change of leaves is hard to observe.
D. valuable information is often precise.
39. How do the scientists suggest amateur data should be used?
A. Using improved methods
B. Being more careful in observation
C. Using raw materials
D. Applying statistical techniques in data collection
40. What’s the implication of phenology for ordinary people?
A. It empowers the public.
B. It promotes public relations.
C. It warns people of animal infestation.
D. It raises awareness about climate change in the public.