EXPRERIMENT NO: -05
AIM: Uses of AutoCAD in survey.
APPRATUS: 1. AutoCAD Software.
THEORY:
Definition: -
AutoCAD is a software program built to design and shape the 2-D & 3-D images.
It provides the tools by which a detail design of product can be done. It also has the
opinion to create detailed design layout, which can be automatically drawn by using
source model.
USES of AutoCAD: -
➢ AutoCAD can be used by the designer to visualize the imaginary view of the
product on a computer system.
➢ In AutoCAD, it is possible to make the changes in the product before it gets
finalised for design by the drafter.
➢ It also gives the freedom for the designer to implement their various ideas and
represent them to the suppliers or their clients.
➢ It is more popular among the architects, engineers and builders for developing
their project layouts.
Features Under AutoCAD 2D:
DRAFTING –
• Drawing simple sketches
• Line & Line type, Arc, Circle, Polygon, Draw & redraw & Modify
• Co-ordinates system
• Limits, Units
• Dimension, Layer
• Text, block, Import & Export
• Complete 2D CAD Drawings
• Overview of Plotting etc.
PRODUCTIVITY TOOLS –
• Group, Block & W-block, Insert, M-slide, V-slide, Run
• Script filter, external reference, view port & layout
• M-insert, OLE object, Plots, DB-connect, e-transmit public to web attribute.
Detail study of AutoCAD
CLASSIFICATION
Drafting &
Annotation
2D Designing
Dimensioning
AutoCAD
Isometric
3D Modelling
Views
AutoCAD Screen: -
Way to Provide command: -
Co-ordinate system: -
How AutoCAD works?
The UCS & WCS
Following image shows two very basic tool bars, those will be heavily used as
you progress towards the end of your drawing.
You can access these toll bars under Home Tab.
• As we move cursor over any tool in the tool bar a tooltip appears stating the name
of that tool.
• And if we further wait for about 3 seconds, it turns into a brief description about
the particular tool as shown by following image.
• For more details we can press F1 key.
• Now, I am going to draw a simple object. My purpose is to introduce you with the
Line, Circle, Offset, Erase, Move, Fillet and Chamfer commands.
• But first, let us decide about the unit system those are to be used.
Dimensions Toolbar: -
AutoCAD provides a whole range of dimensioning tools which can be used to
quickly dimension any drawing without the need of measurement.
• Dimensioning in AutoCAD is automatic; lines, arrows and text are all taken care
of by the dimension commands.
• AutoCAD dimensions special blocks which can easily be edited or erased as
necessary.
• AutoCAD provides lots of control over the way dimensions look.
• Using a system similar to text styles, dimension styles allow you to design
dimensions so that they look just the way you want them to do.
• We can use the following dimensional commands like: -
a) Linear Dimension,
b) Continue Dimension,
c) Base Line etc.
Some 2D Commands: -
Hatching in AutoCAD: -
▪ Hatching is used to add shaded patterns to objects and shapes within an
AutoCAD drawing. Hatch patterns can be used to indicate a material to be used,
such as a concrete hatch.
▪ You will pick:
➢ Pattern
➢ Scale
➢ Angle
➢ Points
Insertion of Blocks –
To insert a saved block, go to the insert menu, then blocks and select the name
of the saved block you want to include; it will appear at the point that you last clicked
with the mouse.
• When the Block Definition window is opened, you can click the button by the
wards “Base Point” and define the default position in the drawing for inserted
block to appear, which can be a real time saver.
• You should also make sure that the units selected from the drop-down menu
match the units you are doing your drawing in; it is generally going to match by
default, but it’s first place to look when you are tweaking something that’s not
working.
Basic Shortcut of AutoCAD:
➢ F3 for Object Snap – When set on, an O. Snap icon appears at the cursor pick
box.
➢ F6 for Allow/Disallow Dynamic UCS – Used when constructing 3D solid
models.
➢ F7 for Grid Display – When set on, a series of grid points appear in the drawing
area.
➢ F8 for Ortho Mode - When set on, lines etc. can only be drawn vertically or
horizontally.
➢ F9 for Snap Mode - When snap is on, the cursor under mouse control can only
be moved in jumps from one snap point to another.
➢ F10 for Polar Tracking - When set on, a small tip appears showing the direction
and length of lines etc. in degrees and units.
➢ F12 for Dynamic Input - When set on, the x, y coordinates and prompts show
when the cursor hairs are moved.
➢ Show / Hide Line weight – When set is on, line weights show on the screen.
When set is off, line weights only show in plotted / printed drawings.
SHORTCUT KEYS
Some 2D Drawings made by Use of Different Commands: -
3D Modelling: -
▪ Solids contain the “mass properties” of 3D objects.
▪ You can use the Solids toolbar for readily accessible objects-
➢ Box
➢ Cylinder
➢ Wedge
➢ Torus
➢ Cone
➢ Sphere
▪ You can use the Boolean operations of more complicated shapes.
a) Union (join two solids)
b) Subtract (carve out the second solid from the first)
c) Intersection (only the common area)
Some 3D Objects: -
3D Commands: -
EXTRUDE – Extrusions can extend in the Z direction or be set to taper or follow a
path. You can extrude an open or closed object to create a 3D surface or solid.
VSCURRENT – it is used for setting of view style of the diagram, which may be …
a) 2D Wireframe
b) Realistic
c) 3D Hidden
SWEEP
▪ Creates a solid or surface by sweeping an open or closed, planar or non-planar
curve (profile) along an open closed path. Open curves create surfaces and
closed curves create solids or surfaces.
REVOLVE
▪ Creates a 3D solid or surface by REVOLVE an object around an axis.
Use of Extrude Commands: -
▪ If you “Extrude” a surface into the third dimension, you simply add a thickness
in section. This basically is same as creating a “solid” object.
Benefits of Using AutoCAD -
AutoCAD has replaced the traditional methods of drafting and designing which
was made by pencil, drafting boards, triangles and compass with just a set of a
computer program.
The benefits are immense like:
• Saves time and helps to increase the productivity.
• It helps to streamline your design documentation workflow.
• Physical ‘3D’ prototype of design can be quickly created by using AutoCAD.
• Tedious work of drafting can be done easily; you can design and re-design the
product in short span of time.
Conclusion: -
We have thoroughly studied about AutoCAD and it’s use.
EXPRERIMENT NO: -06
AIM: Working with SURPAC and preparation of mining plan.
APPRATUS:
1. SURPAC Software.
THEORY:
GEOVIA Surpac™ is the world’s most popular geology and mine planning
software, supporting open pit and underground operations and exploration projects in
more than 120 countries. The software delivers efficiency and accuracy through ease-
of-use, powerful 3D graphics and workflow automation that can be aligned to
company-specific processes and data flows.
Surpac addresses all the requirements of geologists, surveyors, and mining
engineers in the resource sector and is flexible enough to be suitable for every
commodity, ore body and mining method. Its multilingual capabilities allow global
companies to support a common solution across their operations.
PROCEDURE:
Surpac delivers all the tools engineers need to create designs and plans for
open pit and underground operations. In the system's integrated mine engineering
environment, you can create design that maximise ore recovery, while complying with
project constraints such as cut-off grade, economic limits and ground stability.
• Data from various sources can be viewed and incorporated into plans to support
feasibility projects.
• Different pieces of information can be viewed simultaneously to ensure designs
are within the physical constraints of the mining area and to maximise the
economic extraction of a resource.
• Data can be used directly from other software package formats with Surpac’s
sophisticated Data Plug-ins.
• Interact with all mine design data: drill holes; existing ore body and surface
models; optimized pit shells; block and grid models, coloured by grade
distribution; stope designs, and many more.
Conclusion: -
We have studied about the “SURPAC” and preparation of mining plan.
