UT-Ladakh Rooftop Solar for Commercial category Draft

Proposal for Grid-Connected Rooftop Solar Systems

for Commercial Consumers in Ladakh

Introduction
Ladakh, with its abundant solar irradiation and commitment to carbon neutrality, is poised to
lead India’s clean energy transition. As part of this vision, this proposal introduces a financial
and operational support scheme to encourage Grid-Connected Rooftop Solar PV Systems
for Commercial Category Consumers.

The Union Territory currently has over 10,800 commercial electricity consumers as on 31st
March-2025, with a combined sanctioned load of approximately 29.5 MW, distributed
across the districts of Leh and Kargil. This presents a substantial opportunity for decentralized
energy generation, leveraging vacant commercial rooftops.

Proposed Model
To promote sustainable energy and reduce dependence on conventional power sources, the
Union Territory of Ladakh proposes a targeted subsidy-driven initiative to install Grid-
Connected Rooftop Solar PV Systems for commercial consumers. With a commercial base
exceeding 10,800 consumers and a combined sanctioned load of nearly 29.5 MW, the region
offers substantial potential for solar adoption. The scheme encourages installations ranging
from 1 kW to 40 kW, with a UT-funded subsidy of ₹15,000 per kW or 1/3 rd of the total
project cost whichever is lower, capped at ₹6 lakh per consumer. A dual-phase energy
accounting mechanism ensures that excess energy initially offsets the subsidy, after which
LPDD will buy back power at regulated rates. The initiative includes integrated digital
processes for consumer registration, meter data synchronization—positioning Ladakh as a
leader in decentralized commercial solar deployment.

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Commercial Consumer profile in Ladakh

The table below represents the commercial electricity consumer base and their sanctioned
load across Leh and Kargil as on 1st April-2025:

Commercial Consumer Distribution

Sanctioned Load-wise
12000 10865

10000

8000
6351
6000

4000
1978
2000 727 786
391 57 374 78 41 17 12 7 46
0

Load Range Total Consumers

Total 10865
Less Than 1KW 391
1KW 6351
>1KW<2KW 57
>2KW<3KW 1978
>3KW<5KW 727
>5KW<10KW 786
>10KW<15KW 374
>15KW<20KW 78
>20KW<25KW 41
>25KW<30KW 17
>30KW<35KW 12
>35KW<40KW 7
>40KW 46
This consumer base constitutes the primary target for grid-connected rooftop solar
installations under the proposed subsidy scheme.

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Eligibility Criteria
To qualify for participation in the rooftop solar subsidy scheme, commercial consumers must
fulfil the following conditions:

1. The applicant must be registered under the Commercial Tariff Category as recognized
by the Ladakh Power Development Department (LPDD).

2. The rooftop premises where the system is to be installed must be owned by the
consumer or held under a valid lease agreement.

3. The proposed solar PV system must be grid-connected and compliant with the net
metering regulations of LPDD and JERC Ladakh.

4. Consumers having a sanctioned load of less than 1 kW shall be required to install a

minimum 1 kW rooftop solar plant. Consumers having a sanctioned load above 1 kW
may install rooftop solar capacity up to 80% of their sanctioned load, rounded off to the
nearest whole number (kW).
5. Consumers failing to meet these criteria shall not be eligible for subsidy benefits or
energy buyback provisions under this scheme.

Capacity Range and System Limitations

1. Solar Projects of capacity up to 500 kWp at one premise based on the technologies
approved by MNRE are eligible for connecting the project with the Grid under this
proposal. The capacity of the Solar Project to be installed under Group Net Metering or
Virtual Net Metering framework shall not be less than 5 kWp and more than 500
kWp.
2. Provided that the Solar Project of rating higher than 500 kWp can be considered by the
LPDD, if the distribution system remains stable with higher rating Solar Project getting
connected to the grid.

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3. However, to get the UT subsidy of ₹15,000 per kW or 1/3 rd of the total project cost
(whichever is lower) LPDD is proposing the higher cap for Solar rooftop subsidy to
Rs 6,00,000.
4. Sanctioned Load Constraint:
For commercial consumers, the installed rooftop solar capacity shall be governed as
follows:

Consumers having a sanctioned load of less than 1 kW shall be required to install a

minimum 1 kW rooftop solar plant.

Consumers having a sanctioned load above 1 kW may install rooftop solar capacity up
to 80% of their sanctioned load, rounded off to the nearest whole number (kW).

All installations must be in accordance with the approvals of LPDD and relevant technical
standards.
These limitations are intended to optimize grid integration, avoid back-feed issues, and ensure
proportional benefit utilization across consumer categories.

Financial Subsidy Structure

To encourage adoption of rooftop solar systems by commercial category consumers, the Union
Territory of Ladakh shall extend financial assistance as outlined below:

Subsidy Amount: ₹15,000 per kW of installed capacity.

Maximum Subsidy Cap: ₹6,00,000 per consumer. Disbursement: Subsidy shall be released post
successful installation, inspection, and commissioning certification by LPDD. The subsidy will
be directly disbursed from the UT Ladakh's Renewable Energy Fund.

Example:

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Capacity Subsidy at
Eligible Subsidy
(kW) ₹15,000/kW
₹ 75,000 or 1/3rd of
5 ₹ 75,000 Total Project Cost
whichever is lower
₹ 4,50,000 1/3rd of
30 ₹ 4,50,000 Total Project Cost
whichever is lower
40 ₹ 6,00,000 ₹6,00,000 (max)

Note: Installed capacity must not exceed the consumer’s sanctioned load. Subsidy is applicable
only to eligible commercial consumers as defined under LPDD’s guidelines.

Energy Offset and Buyback Mechanism

Offset Phase

• The excess solar energy exported by the consumer to the grid will be used to offset
the upfront subsidy received.

• Offset Rate: Levelized Tariff discovered (₹3.56 per kWh) (subject to revision by
LPDD and Hon’ble JERC-JKL).

Buyback Phase (Post-Offset Completion)

• Once the subsidy is fully offset, LPDD will purchase additional exported electricity
from the consumer.
• Buyback Rate: Levelized Tariff discovered (₹3.56 per kWh) (subject to revision by
LPDD and Hon’ble JERC-JKL). Detail calculation is attached in annexure.

Metering Mechanism
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Gross Energy Meter (Smart Solar Meter)

1. A Smart Solar Meter shall be installed by the Commercial Consumer, adhering to
specifications prescribed under the applicable rules and regulations issued by the
Central Electricity Authority (CEA), the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
(MNRE), and the Joint Electricity Regulatory Commission (JERC) for Ladakh.

2. The meter must include real-time communication capabilities for seamless integration
with the DISCOM’s IT systems, enabling efficient energy monitoring and automated
billing adjustments.

3. The metering system must also support data integration with the MNRE National
Portal, providing real-time visibility of generation data for subsidy processing and
national-level tracking.

4. LPDD shall be responsible for the testing and sealing of the installed meter. All
associated costs, including meter testing and related services, shall be borne by the
consumer.

5. All metering activities—including testing, inspection, calibration, and installation—

shall comply with the relevant CEA metering regulations and LPDD’s metering
guidelines.

Net Metering Arrangement (Bi-Directional Metering)

6. Consumers opting for net metering shall install a bi-directional meter that accurately
records both the energy imported from the grid and the surplus solar energy exported
to the grid.

7. The net metering system must be compliant with the latest standards and guidelines
issued by CEA, MNRE, and JERC for Ladakh, ensuring accurate measurement and
transparent billing.

8. The bi-directional meter shall support real-time communication, allowing seamless

integration with DISCOM’s IT systems for automated billing adjustments and
performance monitoring.
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9. LPDD shall oversee the testing, calibration, and sealing of the net metering system. The
associated costs shall be borne by the consumer.

10. The exported surplus energy shall be credited to the consumer’s account as per the
applicable tariff regulations.

Technical & Regulatory Compliance

To ensure safety, reliability, and performance consistency across all installations, the following
compliance measures shall be strictly enforced:
A Roof Top Solar (RTS) Photo Voltaic (PV) system shall be installed on
rooftops/terraces/balcony/Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) or on elevated structures.
In case of installation on an elevated structure, the structure must have a minimum ground
clearance of 8 feet at the lowest point, to be considered eligible for the CFA under the scheme.
The RTS system shall consist of the following:
1. Solar Photo Voltaic (SPV) modules consisting of required number of SPV modules
2. Inverter/PCU
3. Module Mounting structures
4. Net Meter/Smart Meter
5. Array Junction Boxes
6. DC Distribution Box
7. AC Distribution Box
8. Protections – Earthing, Lightning, Surge
9. Cables
10. Drawing & Manuals
11. Miscellaneous Components/Package of Grid Connected Rooftop Solar PV System: The
components of a Grid Connected Rooftop Solar PV System shall essentially comprise but not
be limited to solar PV Panels/modules of required number, Inverters/PCU, module mounting
structures of minimum 600mm ground clearance at the lowest point from the roof surface, total
Cable/wiring of suitable length, cable conduits, required array junction boxes, DC distribution
box, AC distribution box, various connectors, nut- bolts, civil and mechanical works,
Protection-Earthing, lightning, surges, drawling & manual, 05 years of comprehensive
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operation & maintenance of grid-connected rooftop solar PV plant and other miscellaneous
works.
1. Solar PV modules
1.1. Domestic Manufactured Solar PV modules using domestically manufactured Solar
cells shall be used in the Scheme.
1.2. The PV modules used must qualify to the latest edition of IEC standards or equivalent BIS
standards, i.e. IEC 61215/IS 14286, IEC 61853-Part I or IS 16170-Part I, IS/IEC 61730 Part-1
& Part 2 and IS 17210(part 1) or IEC 62804-1 (PID). For the PV modules to be used in a highly
corrosive atmosphere throughout their lifetime, they must qualify to IEC 61701/IS 61701. Thin
- Film terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules must qualify to IS 16077: 2013 / IEC 61646: 2008
1.3. The rated power of solar PV module shall have maximum tolerance up to +3%.
1.4. The peak-power point current of any supplied module string (series connected modules)
shall not vary by +1% from the respective arithmetic means for all modules and/or for all
module strings (connected to the same MPPT), as the case may be.
1.5. The peak-power point voltage of any supplied module string (series connected modules)
shall not vary by + 2% from the respective arithmetic means for all modules and/or for all
module strings (connected to the same MPPT), as the case may be.
1.6. The temperature co-efficient power of the PV module shall be equal to or better than -
0.4%/°C for crystalline modules and -0.3 %/°C for thin films modules.1.7. Solar PV modules
capacity to be used should adhere to the Approved List of Models and Manufacturers (ALMM)
of Solar Photovoltaic Modules (Requirement for Compulsory Registration) Order 2019 -
Implementation issued vide OM NO. 283/54/2018-GRID SOLAR -Part (I) Dated 10th March
2021 and subsequent amendments and latest regulations.
1.8. Solar PV modules of minimum fill factor 75%, to be used.
1.9. All PV modules should have a nominal power output of >90% at STC during the first 10
years, and >80% during the next 15 years. Further, module shall have nominal power output
of >97% during the first year of installation—degradation of the module below 0.5 % per
annum
1.10. The manufacturer should warrant the Solar Module(s) to be free from the defects and/or
failures specified below for a period not less than five (5) years from the date of commissioning.
i. Defects and/or failures due to manufacturing.
ii. Defects and/or failures due to quality of materials.
iii. Nonconformity to specifications due to faulty manufacturing and/or inspection processes.
If the solar Module(s) fails to conform to this warranty, the manufacturer will repair or replace
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the solar module(s), at the Owners sole option. The PV modules shall be replaced by
manufacturers, without charging any cost to the end consumer during the specified period of
warranty.
1.11. Modules deployed must use a RF identification tag laminated inside the glass. The
following information must be mentioned in the RFID used on each module:
i. Name of the manufacturer of the PV module
ii. Name of the manufacturer of Solar Cells.
iii. Month & year of the manufacture (separate for solar cells and modules)
iv. Country of origin (separately for solar cells and module)
v. I-V curve for the module Wattage, Im, Vm and FF for the module
vi. Unique Serial No and Model No of the module
vii. Date and year of obtaining IEC PV module qualification certificate.
viii. Name of the test lab issuing IEC certificate.ix. Other relevant information on traceability
of solar cells and module as per ISO 9001 and ISO 14001.
x. Nominal wattage +3%.
xi. Name, if applicable.
1.12. Other details as per IS/IEC 61730-1 clause 11 should be provided at appropriate place.
In addition to the above, the following information should also be provided:
i. The actual Power Output Pmax shall be mentioned on the label pasted on the back side of
PV Module.
ii. The Maximum system voltage for which the module is suitable to be provided on the back
sheet of the module.
iii. Polarity of terminals or leads (colour coding is permissible) on junction Box housing near
cable entry or cable and connector.
1.13. Unique Serial No, Model No, Name of Manufacturer, Manufacturing year, Make in India
logo and module wattage details should be displayed inside the laminated glass.
2. Inverter/PCU
2.1 The Solar Photovoltaic Inverters must comply with the Quality Control Order dated
30.08.2017 for Solar Photovoltaic Inverters and its amendments thereof.
2.2 Inverters/PCU should comply with applicable IEC/equivalent BIS standard for efficiency
measurements and environmental tests as per standard codes IEC 61683/IS 61683, IS 16221
(Part 2), IS 16169 and IEC 60068-2(1,2,14,30)
2.3 /Equivalent BIS Std.

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2.4 Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) shall be integrated in the inverter/PCU to
maximize energy drawn from the array. Charge controller (if any) / MPPT units environmental
testing should qualify IEC 60068-2(1, 2, 14, 30)/Equivalent BIS standard. The junction
boxes/enclosures should be IP 65 or better (for outdoor)/ IP 54or better (indoor) and as per IEC
529 Specifications.2.5 All inverters/PCUs shall be IEC 61000 compliant for electromagnetic
compatibility, harmonics, Surge, etc.
2.6 The PCU/ inverter shall have overloading capacity of minimum 20%.
2.7 Typical technical features of the inverter shall be as follows-
i. Nominal AC output voltage and frequency: as per CEA/State regulations
ii. Output frequency: 50 Hz
iii. Grid Frequency Synchronization range: as per CEA/State Regulations
iv. Ambient temperature considered: -20°C to 60°C
v. Protection of Enclosure: IP-54 (Minimum) for indoor and IP-65(Minimum) for outdoor.
vi. Grid Frequency Tolerance range: as per CEA/State regulations
vii. Grid Voltage tolerance: as per CEA/State Regulations
viii. No-load losses: Less than 1% of rated power
ix. Inverter efficiency (Min.): >90% (In case of 10 kW or below with in-built galvanic isolation)
x. The Minimum Overall Efficiency (ηt) as per IS 17980 for Solar Inverters should adhere to
the following:
xi. THD: < 3%
xii. PF: > 0.9 (lag or lead)
xiii. Should not inject DC power more than 0.5% of full rated output at the interconnection
point and comply to IEEE 519.
xiv. The inverter should have the inbuilt facility to communicate system related data through
SIM/dongle. The inverter may also be enabled for Wi-Fi based communication.
2.8 All the Inverters should contain the following clear and indelible Marking Label & Warning
Label as per IS16221 Part II, clause 5. The equipment shall, as a minimum, be permanently
marked with:
i. The name or trademark of the manufacturer or supplier;
ii. A model number, name or other means to identify the equipment,iii. A serial number, code
or other marking allowing identification of manufacturing location and the manufacturing
batch or date within a twelve- month time period.
iv. Input voltage, type of voltage (a.c. or d.c.), frequency, and maximum continuous current for
each input.
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v. The Ingress Protection (IP) rating

2.9 In case the consumer is having a 3-ϕ connection, 1-ϕ/3-ϕ inverter shall be provided by the
vendor as per the consumer’s requirement and regulations of the State.
2.10 Inverter/PCU shall be capable of complete automatic operation including wake-up,
synchronization & shutdown.
2.11 Integration of PV Power with Grid & Grid Islanding:
i. In the event of a power failure on the electric grid, it is required that any independent power-
producing inverters attached to the grid turn off in a short period of time. This prevents the DC-
to-AC inverters from continuing to feed power into small sections of the grid, known as
“islands.” Powered islands present a risk to workers who may expect the area to be unpowered,
and they may also damage grid-tied equipment. The Rooftop PV system shall be equipped with
islanding protection. In addition to disconnection from the grid (due to islanding protection)
disconnection due to under and over voltage conditions shall also be provided, if not available
in inverter.
3. Module Mounting Structure (MMS):
3.1 Supply, installation, erection and acceptance of module mounting structure (MMS) with all
necessary accessories, auxiliaries and spare part shall be in the scope of the work.
3.2 Module mounting structures can be made from three types of materials. They are Hot Dip
Galvanized Iron, Aluminium and Hot Dip Galvanized Mild Steel (MS). However, MS will be
preferred for raised structure.3.3 MMS Steel shall be as per latest IS 2062:2011 and
galvanization of the mounting structure shall be in compliance of latest IS 4759. MMS
Aluminium shall be as per AA6063 T6. For Aluminium structures, necessary protection
towards rusting need to be provided either by coating or anodization.
3.4 All bolts, nuts, fasteners shall be of stainless steel of grade SS 304 or hot dip galvanized,
panel mounting clamps shall be of aluminium and must sustain the adverse climatic conditions.
Structural material shall be corrosion resistant and electrolytically compatible with the
materials used in the module frame, its fasteners, nuts and bolts.
3.5 The module mounting structures should have angle of inclination as per the site conditions
to take maximum insolation and complete shadow-free operation during generation hours.
However, to accommodate more capacity the angle of inclination may be reduced until the
plant meets the specified performance ratio requirements.
3.6 The Mounting structure shall be so designed to withstand the speed for the wind zone of
the location where a PV system is proposed to be installed. The PV array structure design shall
be appropriate with a factor of safety of minimum 1.5.
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3.7 The upper edge of the module must be covered with wind shield so as to avoid build air
ingress below the module. Slight clearance must be provided on both edges (upper & lower) to
allow air for cooling.
3.8 Suitable fastening arrangement such as grouting and calming should be provided to secure
the installation against the specific wind speed. The Empanelled Agency shall be fully
responsible for any damages to SPV System caused due to high wind velocity within guarantee
period as per technical specification.
3.9 The structures shall be designed to allow easy replacement, repairing and cleaning of any
module. The array structure shall be so designed that it will occupy minimum space without
sacrificing the output from the SPV panels. Necessary testing provision for MMS to be made
available at site.
3.10 Adequate spacing shall be provided between two panel frames and rows of panels to
facilitate personnel protection, ease of installation, replacement, cleaning of panels and
electrical maintenance.
3.11 The structure shall be designed to withstand operating environmental conditions for a
period of minimum 25 years.3.12 The Rooftop Structures maybe classified in three broad
categories as follows:
i. Ballast structure
a. The mounting structure must be Non-invasive ballast type and any sort of penetration of roof
to be avoided.
b. The minimum clearance of the structure from the roof level should be in between 70-150
mm to allow ventilation for cooling, also ease of cleaning and maintenance of panels as well
as cleaning of terrace.
c. The structures should be suitably loaded with reinforced concrete blocks of appropriate
weight made out of M25 concrete mixture.
ii. Tin shed
a. The structure design should be as per the slope of the tin shed.
b. The inclination angle of structure can be done in two ways-
c. Parallel to the tin shed (flat keeping zero-degree tiling angle), if the slope of shed in Proper
south direction
d. With same tilt angle based on the slope of tin shed to get the maximum output.
e. The minimum clearance of the lowest point from the tin shade should be more then 100mm.
f. The base of structure should be connected on the Purlin of tin shed with the proper riveting.
g. All structure member should be of minimum 2 mm thickness.
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iii. RCC Elevated structure: It can be divided into further three categories:
A Minimum clearance from roof (upto 1000 MM) (for reference only)
a. The structure shall be designed to allow easy replacement of any module and shall be in line
with site requirement. The gap between module should be minimum 30MM.b. Base Plate –
Base plate thickness of the Structure should be 5MM for this segment.
c. Column – Structure Column should be minimum 2MM in Lip section / 3MM in C-Channel
section. The minimum section should be 70MM in Web side and 40 MM in flange side in Lip
section.
d. Rafter - Structure rafter should be minimum 2MM in Lip section / 3MM in C-Channel
section. The minimum section should be 70MM in Web side (y- axis) and 40 MM in flange
side (x-axis).
e. Purlin - Structure purlin should be minimum 2MM in Lip section. The minimum section
should be 60MM in Web side and 40MM in flange side in Lip section.
f. Front/back bracing – The section for bracing part should be minimum 2MM thickness.
g. Connection – The structure connection should be bolted completely. Leg to rafter should be
connected with minimum 12 diameter bolt. Rafter and purlin should be connected with
minimum 10 diameter bolt. Module mounting fasteners should be SS-304 only and remaining
fasteners either SS-304 or HDG 8.8 Grade.
h. For single portrait structure the minimum ground clearance should be 500MM.
B Medium clearance from roof (1000MM – 2000 MM) ( for reference only)
a. Base Plate – Base plate thickness of the Structure should be Minimum 6MM for this segment.
b. Column – Structure Column should be minimum 2MM in Lip section / 3MM in C-Channel
section. The minimum section should be 80MM in Web side and 50MM in flange side in Lip
section.
c. Rafter - Structure rafter should be minimum 2MM in Lip section / 3MM in C-Channel
section. The minimum section should be 70MM in Web side and 40MM in flange side in Lip
section.
d. Purlin - Structure purlin should be minimum 2MM in Lip section. The minimum section
should be 70MM in Web side and 40MM in flange side in Lip section.e. Front/back bracing –
The section for bracing part should be minimum 2MM thickness.
f. Connection – The structure connection should be bolted completely. Leg to rafter should be
connected with minimum 12 diameter bolt. Rafter and purlin should be connected with
minimum 10 diameter bolt. Module mounting fasteners should be SS-304 only and remaining
fasteners either SS-304 or HDG 8.8 Grade.
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C Maximum clearance from roof (2000MM – 3000 MM) (for reference only)
a. Base Plate – Base plate thickness of the Structure should be minimum 8 MM for this
segment.
b. Column – Structure Column thickness should be minimum 2.6MM in square hollow section
(minimum 50x50) or rectangular hollow section (minimum 60x40) or 3MM in C-Channel
section.
c. Rafter - Structure rafter should be minimum 2MM in Lip section / 3MM in Channel section.
The minimum section should be 80MM in Web side and 50MM in flange side in Lip section.
d. Purlin - Structure purlin should be minimum 2MM in Lip section. The minimum section
should be 80MM in Web side and 50MM in flange side in Lip section.
e. Front/back bracing – The section for bracing part should be minimum 3MM thickness.
f. Connection – The structure connection should be bolted completely. Leg to rafter should be
connected with minimum 12 diameter bolt. Rafter and purlin should be connected with
minimum 10 diameter bolt. Module mounting fasteners should be SS-304 only and remaining
fasteners either SS-304 or HDG 8.8 Grade.
D Super elevated structure (More than 3000 MM clearance from roof) (for reference only)
A. Base structure
a. Base Plate – Base plate thickness of the Structure should be 10MM for this segment.b.
Column – Structure Column minimum thickness should be minimum 2.9MM in square hollow
section (minimum 60x60) or rectangular hollow section (minimum 80x40).
c. Rafter - Structure Rafter minimum thickness should be minimum 2.9MM in square hollow
section (minimum 60x60) or rectangular hollow section (minimum 80x40).
d. Cross bracing – Bracing for the connection of rafter and column should be of minimum
thickness of 4mm L-angle with the help of minimum bolt diameter of 10mm.
B. Upper structure of super elevated structure –
a. Base Plate – Base plate thickness of the Structure should be minimum 5MM for this segment.
b. Column – Structure Column should be minimum 2MM in Lip section / 3MM in Channel
section. The minimum section should be 70MM in Web side and 40MM in flange side in Lip
section.
c. Rafter - Structure rafter should be minimum 2MM in Lip section / 3MM in Channel section.
The minimum section should be 70MM in Web side and 40MM in flange side in Lip section.
d. Purlin - Structure purlin should be minimum 2MM in Lip section. The minimum section
should be 60MM in Web side and 40MM in flange side in Lip section.
e. Front/back bracing – The section for bracing part should be minimum 2MM thickness.
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f. Connection – The structure connection should be bolted completely. Leg to rafter should be
connected with minimum 12 diameter bolt. Rafter and
g. purlin should be connected with minimum 10 diameter bolt. Module mounting fasteners
should be SS-304 only and remaining fasteners either SS-304 or HDG 8.8 Grade.
C. If distance between two legs in X-Direction is more than 3M than sag angle/Bar should be
provide for purlin to avoid deflection failure. The sag angle should be minimum 2MM thick,
and bar should be minimum 12Dia.
D. Degree - The Module alignment and tilt angle shell be calculated to provide the maximum
annual energy output. This shall be decided on the location of array installation.E. Foundation
– Foundation should be as per the roof condition; two types of the foundation can be done-
either penetrating the roof or without penetrating the roof.
a. If penetration on the roof is allowed (based on the client requirement) then minimum 12MM
diameter anchor fasteners with minimum length 100MM can be used with proper chipping.
The minimum RCC size should be 400x400x300 cubic mm. Material grade of foundation
should be minimum M20.
b. If penetration on roof is not allowed, then foundation can be done with the help of ‘J Bolt’
(refer IS 5624 for foundation hardware). Proper Neto bond solution should be used to adhere
the Foundation block with the RCC roof. Foundation J - bolt length should be minimum 12MM
diameter and length should be minimum 300MM.
E. Material standards:
a. Design of foundation for mounting the structure should be as per defined standards which
clearly states the Load Bearing Capacity & other relevant parameters for foundation design (As
per IS 6403 / 456 / 4091 / 875).
b. Grade of raw material to be used for mounting the structures so that it complies the defined
wind loading conditions (As per IS 875 - III) should be referred as follows (IS 2062 – for angles
and channels, IS 1079 – for sheet, IS 1161 & 1239 for round pipes, IS 4923 for rectangular and
square hollow section)
c. Test reports for the raw material should be as per IS 1852 / 808 / 2062 / 1079 / 811.
d. In process inspection report as per approved drawing & tolerance should be as per IS 7215.
e. For ascertaining proper welding of structure part following should be referred:
f. D.P. Test (Pin Hole / Crack) (IS 822)
g. Weld wire grade should be of grade (ER 70 S - 6)
h. For ascertaining hot dip galvanizing of fabricated structure following should be referred:-i.
Min coating required should be as per IS 4759 & EN 1461.
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j. Testing of galvanized material

a) Pierce Test (IS 2633)
b) Mass of Zinc (IS 6745)
c) Adhesion Test (IS 2629)
d) CuSO4 Test (IS 2633)
e) Superior High-Grade Zinc Ingot should be of 99.999% purity (IS 209) (Preferably Hindustan
Zinc Limited or Equivalent).
k. Foundation Hardware – If using foundation bolt in foundation then it should be as per IS
5624.
4. Metering
4.1 The specifications net meter/smart meter shall be as per the latest technical specifications
issued by the Central Electricity Authority (CEA) and its amendment thereof.
4.2 A Roof Top Solar (RTS) Photo Voltaic (PV) system shall consist of following energy
meters:
a) Net meter/ smart meter: To record import and export units.
b) Generation meter (if required as per the state regulations: To keep record for total generation
of the plant.
4.3 The installation of meters including CTs & PTs, wherever applicable, shall be carried out
by LPDD as per the terms, conditions and procedures laid down by the concerned JERC-
JKL/LPDD.
5. Array Junction Boxes
5.1 The junction boxes are to be provided in the PV array for termination of connecting cables.
The Junction Boxes (JBs) shall be made of GRP/FRP/Powder Coated aluminum /cast
aluminium alloy with full dust, water & vermin proof arrangement. All wires/cables must be
terminated through cable lugs. The JBs shall be such that input & output termination can be
made through suitable cable glands. Suitable markings shall be provided on the bus-bars for
easy identification and cable ferrules will be fitted at the cable termination points for
identification.5.2 Copper bus bars/terminal blocks housed in the junction box with suitable
termination threads Conforming to IP 65 or better standard and IEC 62208 Hinged door with
EPDM rubber gasket to prevent water entry, Single /double compression cable glands should
be provided.
5.3 Polyamide glands and MC4 Connectors may also be provided. The rating of the junction
box shall be suitable with adequate safety factor to interconnect the Solar PV array.

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5.4 Suitable markings shall be provided on the bus bar for easy identification and the cable
ferrules must be fitted at the cable termination points for identification.
5.5 Junction boxes shall be mounted on the MMS such that they are easily accessible and are
protected from direct sunlight and harsh weather.
6. DC Distribution Box (DCDB)
6.1 May is not required for small plants, if suitable arrangement is available in the inverter.
6.2 DC Distribution Box are to be provided to receive the DC output from the PV array field.
6.3 DCDBs shall be dust & vermin proof conform having IP 65 or better protection, as per site
conditions.
6.4 The bus bars are made of EC grade copper of required size. Suitable capacity MCBs/MCCB
shall be provided for controlling the DC power output to the inverter along with necessary
surge arrestors. MCB shall be used for currents up to 63 Amperes, and MCCB shall be used
for currents greater than 63 Amperes.
7. AC Distribution Box (ACDB)
7.1 AC Distribution Panel Board (DPB) shall control the AC power from inverter, and should
have necessary surge arrestors, if required. There is interconnection from ACDB to mains at
LT Bus bar while in grid tied mode.
7.2 All switches and the circuit breakers, connectors should conform to IEC 60947:2019, part
I, II and III/ IS 60947 part I, II and III.
7.3 The isolators, cabling work should be undertaken as part of the project.
7.4 All the Panel’s shall be metal clad, totally enclosed, rigid, floor mounted, air -insulated,
cubical type suitable for operation on 1-ϕ/3-ϕ, 415 or 230 volts, 50 Hz (or voltage levels as per
CEA/State regulations).7.5 The panels shall be designed for minimum expected ambient
temperature of 45 degree Celsius, 80 percent humidity and dusty weather.
7.6 All indoor panels will have protection of IP 54 or better, as per site conditions. All outdoor
panels will have protection of IP 65 or better, as per site conditions.
7.7 Should conform to Indian Electricity Act and CEA safety regulations (till last amendment).
7.8 All the 415 or 230 volts (or voltage levels as per CEA/State regulations) AC devices /
equipment like bus support insulators, circuit breakers, SPDs, Voltage Transformers (VTs) etc.,
mounted inside the switchgear shall be suitable for continuous operation and satisfactory
performance under the following supply conditions.
a. Variation in supply voltage: as per CEA/State regulations
b. Variation in supply frequency: as per CEA/State regulations

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7.9 The inverter output shall have the necessary rated AC surge arrestors, if required and MCB/
MCCB. RCCB shall be used for successful operation of the PV system, if inverter does not
have required earth fault/residual current protection.
8. Protections
The system should be provided with all necessary protections like earthing, Lightning, and
Surge Protection, as described below:
8.1 Earthing Protection
8.1.1 The earthing shall be done in accordance with latest Standards.
8.1.2 Each array structure of the PV yard, Low Tension (LT) power system, earthing grid for
switchyard, all electrical equipment, inverter, all junction boxes, etc. shall be grounded
properly as per IS 3043-2018.
8.1.3 All metal casing/ shielding of the plant shall be thoroughly grounded in accordance with
CEA Safety Regulation 2010. In addition, the lightning arrester/masts should also be earthed
inside the array field.
8.1.4 Earth resistance should be as low as possible and shall never be higher than 5 ohms.
8.1.5 For 10 KW and above systems, separate three earth pits shall be provided for individual
three earthing viz.: DC side earthing, AC side earthing and lightning arrestor earthing.8.2
Lightning Protection
8.2.1 The SPV power plants shall be provided with lightning & over voltage protection, if
required. The main aim in this protection shall be to reduce the overvoltage to a tolerable value
before it reaches the PV or other sub system components. The source of over voltage can be
lightning, atmosphere disturbances etc. Lightning arrestor shall not be installed on the
mounting structure.
8.2.2 The entire space occupying the SPV array shall be suitably protected against Lightning
by deploying required number of Lightning Arrestors (LAs). Lightning protection should be
provided as per NFC17-102:2011/IEC 62305 standard.
8.2.3 The protection against induced high voltages shall be provided by the use of Metal Oxide
Varistors (MOVs)/Franklin Rod type LA/Early streamer type LA.
8.2.4 The current carrying cable from lightning arrestor to the earth pit should have sufficient
current carrying capacity according to IEC 62305. According to standard, the minimum
requirement for a lightning protection system designed for class of LPS III is a 6 mm2 copper/
16 mm2 aluminium or GI strip bearing size 25*3 mm thick). Separate pipe for running earth
wires of Lightning Arrestor shall be used.
8.3 Surge Protection
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8.3.1 Internal surge protection, wherever required, shall be provided. It will consist of three
SPD type-II/MOV type surge arrestors connected from +ve and –ve terminals to earth.
9. Cables
9.1 All cables should conform to latest edition of IEC/equivalent BIS Standards along with IEC
60227/IS 694, IEC 60502/IS 1554 standards.
9.2 Cables should be flexible and should have good resistance to heat, cold, water, oil, abrasion
etc.
9.3 Armored cable should be used, and overall PVC type ‘A’ pressure extruded insulation or
XLPE insulation should be there for UV protection.9.4 Cables should have Multi Strand,
annealed high conductivity copper conductor on DC side and copper/FRLS type Aluminium
conductor on AC side. For DC cabling, multi- core cables shall not be used.
9.5 Cables should have operating temperature range of -10°C to +80°C and voltage rating of
660/1000 V.
9.6 Sizes of cables between array interconnections, array to junction boxes, junction boxes to
Inverter etc. shall be so selected to keep the voltage drop less than 2% (DC Cable losses).
9.7 The size of each type of AC cable selected shall be based on minimum voltage drop.
However, the maximum drop shall be limited to 2%.
9.8 The electric cables for DC systems for rated voltage of 1500 V shall conform to IS
17293:2020.
9.9 All cable/wires are to be routed in a RPVC pipe/ GI cable tray and suitably tagged and
marked with proper manner by good quality ferule or by other means so that the cable is easily
identified.
9.10 All cable trays including covers to be provided.
9.11 Thermo-plastic clamps to be used to clamp the cables and conduits, at intervals not
exceeding 50 cm.
9.12 Size of neutral wire shall be equal to the size of phase wires, in a three-phase system.
9.13 The Cable should be so selected that it should be compatible up to the life of the solar PV
panels i.e. 25 years.
10. Drawings & Manuals:
10.1 Operation & Maintenance manual/user manual, Engineering and Electrical Drawings shall
be supplied along with the power plant.
10.2 The manual shall include complete system details such as array lay out, schematic of the
system, inverter details, working principle etc.

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10.3 The Manual should also include all the Dos & Don’ts of Power Plant along with Graphical
Representation with indication of proper methodology for cleaning, Operation and
Maintenance etc.
10.4 Step by step maintenance and troubleshooting procedures shall also be given in the
manuals.
10.5 Vendors should also educate the consumers during their AMC period.
11. Miscellaneous:
11.1 Connectivity: The maximum capacity for interconnection with the grid at a specific
voltage level shall be as specified in the JERC-JKL regulation for Grid connectivity and norms
of LPDD and amended from time to time.
11.2 Safety measures: Electrical safety of the installation(s) including connectivity with the
grid must be considered and all the safety rules & regulations applicable as per Electricity Act,
2003 and CEA Safety Regulation 2010 etc. must be followed.
11.3 Shadow analysis: The shadow analysis report with the instrument such as Solar Pathfinder
or professional shadow analysis software of each site should be provided, and the consumer
should be educated to install the system only in shadow free space. Lower performance of the
system due to shadow effect shall be liable for penalty for lower performance.

Quality Certification, Standards and Testing for Grid-Connected Rooftop Solar PV

Systems/Power Plants
Solar PV Modules/Panels
Category Standard/Certification Details Purpose

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Solar PV IEC 61215 / IS 14286 Design Qualification and Ensures modules can
Modules/Panels Type Approval for withstand
Crystalline Silicon environmental
Terrestrial Photovoltaic conditions and remain
(PV) Modules durable.
IS/IEC 61701 Salt Mist Corrosion Tests resilience of PV
Testing of Photovoltaic modules in coastal and
(PV) Modules corrosive
environments.
IEC 61853-1 / IS 16170- Photovoltaic (PV) Module Measures irradiance
1 Performance Testing and and temperature
Energy Rating performance,
providing power
ratings for energy
efficiency.
IEC 62716 / IS 16664 Ammonia (NH3) Corrosion Tests PV modules for
Testing of Photovoltaic ammonia corrosion,
(PV) Modules particularly for
agricultural
environments.
IS 16077: 2013 / IEC Thin-Film Terrestrial Tests thin-film solar
61646: 2008 Photovoltaic (PV) modules for efficiency
Modules – Design and performance.
Qualification and Type
Approval
IS/IEC 61730-1,2 Photovoltaic (PV) Module Ensures modules meet
Safety Qualification – Part safety standards for
1: Requirements for construction and
Construction, Part 2: durability.
Requirements for Testing
IS 17210 (Part 1) / IEC Test Method for Detects potential-
TS 62804-1 Detection of Potential- induced degradation
Induced Degradation in (PID) in crystalline
Photovoltaic (PV) silicon modules to
Modules prevent efficiency loss.
Solar PV IEC 62109 or IS 16221 Safety of Power Establishes safety
Inverters Converters for Use in standards for inverters
Photovoltaic Power used in solar systems.
Systems – Part 1: General
Requirements, Part 2:
Requirements for
Inverters
IS/IEC 61683 (latest) Photovoltaic Systems – Measures efficiency of
Power Conditioners: PV inverters under
Procedure for Measuring various load
Efficiency conditions (10%, 25%,
50%, 75%, 90-100%).
IEC 60068-2 / IEC Environmental Testing of Ensures inverters
62093 PV System – Power perform reliably under

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Conditioners and diverse environmental

Inverters conditions.

FUSES
Category Standard/Certification Details Purpose
General safety
requirements for
connectors, switches,
and circuit breakers
(AC/DC):
1) Low-voltage
Switchgear and Control-
gear, Part 1: General
rules
2) Low-Voltage
Establishes the
Switchgear and Control-
safety rules for low-
IS/IEC 60947 (Part 1, 2 gear, Part 2: Circuit
Fuses voltage switchgear
& 3), EN 50521 Breakers
and connectors used
3) Low-voltage
in PV systems.
switchgear and Control-
gear, Part 3: Switches,
disconnectors switch-
disconnectors and fuse-
combination units
4) EN 50521:
Connectors for
photovoltaic system-
Safety requirements and
tests
Low-voltage fuses - Part
6: Supplementary
Specifies fuse-link
requirements for fuse-
IS/IEC 60269-6 standards to protect
links for the protection
PV energy systems.
of solar photovoltaic
energy systems
Material for the structure
mounting
1) IS 2062 - Steel for Ensures the material
Solar PV Structural Purpose strength and
Roof IS 2062/IS 4759/ durability for roof
2) IS 4759 - Aluminium
Mounting AA6063 T6 mounting structures
alloys for construction
Structure in solar
3) AA6063 T6 – installations.
Aluminum alloy for roof
mounting structures

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Provides guidelines
for protecting solar
Surge BFC 17-102:2011/ NFC Lightening Protection
systems from
Arrestors 102:2011/ IEC 62305 Standard
lightning and surge
damage.
Electrical installations of
buildings - Part 5-53:
Selection and erection of
electrical equipment -
Isolation, switching, and Ensures proper
control installation of surge
IEC 60364-5-53/ IS protection devices
15086-5 (SPD) Low-voltage surge (SPD) to safeguard
protective devices - Part electrical systems
11: Surge protective from power surges.
devices connected to
low-voltage power
systems - Requirements
and test methods

Cables
Category Standard/Certification Details Purpose
IEC 60227 / IS 694 General test and measuring Ensures safety and
methods for PVC insulated performance of PVC
Cables IEC 60502 / IS 1554 cables (working voltage ≤ insulated power and
(Part 1 & 2) 1100V); suitable for outdoor control cables in solar
IEC 69947 use systems.
Ensures reliability and
Electric cables for
safety in high-voltage DC
IS 17293:2020 photovoltaic systems rated
applications for solar PV
for 1500V DC
installations.
Chemical earthing standards
Ensures system grounding
(as applicable); specifies
Earthing / IEC 62561 Series / IEC and lightning protection is
requirements for
Lightning 60634 Series safe, effective, and
components of lightning
corrosion-resistant.
protection systems
Defines material and
construction standards for
LPSC Part 1: Requirements
IEC 62561-1 secure electrical
for connection components
connections in lightning
protection systems.
Ensures conductor and
LPSC Part 2: Requirements
electrode components
IEC 62561-2 for conductors and earth
meet lightning safety
electrodes
performance thresholds.

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Specifies standards for

LPSC Part 7: Requirements materials used to enhance
IEC 62561-7 for earthing enhancing conductivity of earthing
compounds systems in poor soil
conditions.
Specifies IP protection Ensures dust and water
levels: IP65 or better for ingress protection,
Junction
IEC 60529 outdoor and IP54 or better enhancing safety and
Boxes
for indoor junction and longevity of junction
terminal boxes boxes in solar systems.

Monitoring, Inspection & Disbursement

To maintain transparency, accountability, and quality across all solar rooftop installations, the
following protocol shall be followed:
1. The UT Subsidy shall be disbursed only after successful site inspection and issuance of
a Commissioning Certificate by the designated officials of Ladakh Power Development
Department (LPDD).
2. All installations are subject to random and scheduled third-party quality audits,
ensuring adherence to MNRE/CEA norms and system performance benchmarks.
3. The inspection process will include checks for installation quality, metering accuracy,
grid synchronization, and compliance with sanctioned load and capacity limits.
4. Any deviation or non-compliance identified during inspection shall be rectified by the
consumer prior to subsidy release.

Budgetary Allocation
To ensure the financial viability and long-term sustainability of the rooftop solar subsidy
scheme, the following budgetary framework shall be adopted:
1. The capital subsidy of ₹15,000 per kW (up to a maximum of ₹6 lakh per consumer)
shall be funded directly from the budgetary provisions of the Union Territory of
Ladakh.
2. An annual financial cap shall be determined by the UT Administration, based on
available funds, projected consumer demand, and capacity addition targets.
3. Budgetary allocation shall be reviewed at the end of each financial year, and adjusted
in accordance with actual uptake, subsidy disbursed, and scheme performance.

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4. Provision shall be made for mid-year revisions in case of higher-than-expected demand

or cost fluctuations, subject to administrative approval.

Digital Portal & MNRE Integration

To ensure seamless consumer engagement and transparency throughout the rooftop solar
process, a robust digital portal will be developed with the following features:

Consumer Registration & Tracking: The portal will allow for easy online registration of
commercial consumers, enabling real-time tracking of application status, subsidy approval, and
installation progress.

API Integration with MNRE: The portal will be integrated with the Ministry of New and
Renewable Energy (MNRE) system, allowing real-time data exchange. This will ensure timely
updates on system performance, subsidy processing, and compliance with national guidelines.

Technology Stack: The platform will be built using secure and scalable technologies such as
React for the front-end, Node.js for back-end development, and PostgreSQL for data
management. Additionally, it will be hosted on NIC or AWS Cloud to ensure high availability,
security, and scalability.

This digital infrastructure will enhance user experience, streamline approval processes, and
provide stakeholders with easy access to accurate, up-to-date information.

Generation Guarantee Clause

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To safeguard the UT Ladakh Subsidy and ensure that the solar installations meet the required
energy generation standards, the following conditions will be applied:

1. Minimum Generation Guarantee: The consumer (prosumers) shall guarantee a

minimum generation of 80% of the installed capacity over a 5-year period, starting
from the date of commissioning of the rooftop solar system.

2. Performance Monitoring: The system's performance will be monitored via real-time

data integration with the digital portal and the MNRE National Portal. The energy
generated will be tracked and cross-verified against the expected generation based on
the system’s size, local solar radiation, and other environmental factors.

3. Subsidy Recovery Clause: In case the system fails to meet the minimum generation
guarantee, the UT subsidy disbursed to the consumer will be proportionally
recovered by the Ladakh Power Development Department (LPDD) from the consumer,
in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth in the agreement.

4. Exception Criteria: Generation shortfalls due to uncontrollable circumstances (e.g.,

extreme weather events, grid outages, equipment failure etc.) will be reviewed on a
case-by-case basis, with the possibility of extending the guarantee period to account for
downtime.

This clause ensures that the subsidy is used effectively and that consumers maintain their
responsibility for the long-term operation and performance of their solar systems.

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Expected Outcomes
The implementation of this rooftop solar initiative for commercial consumers in Ladakh is
expected to deliver significant benefits, including:

Increase in Rooftop Solar Capacity: The scheme will foster a substantial increase in solar
capacity within Ladakh’s commercial sector, enabling businesses to adopt renewable energy
solutions at scale.

Grid Decongestion & Diesel Use Reduction: By encouraging solar energy adoption, the
program will help reduce grid dependence and alleviate pressure on local power infrastructure.
Additionally, it will contribute to reduction in diesel generator usage, which is currently
prevalent due to limited grid capacity in remote areas.

Digitally Integrated Deployment Model: The initiative will establish a digitally integrated
platform for seamless tracking, monitoring, and subsidy management. This will ensure
compliance with subsidy guidelines while enhancing operational efficiency.

Empowered Commercial Prosumers: The scheme will transform commercial consumers

into prosumers—individuals who both produce and consume energy—empowering them to
take a leading role in Ladakh's clean energy transition, contributing towards national renewable
energy goals and carbon neutrality.

The program will create a cleaner, more resilient energy ecosystem in Ladakh, improving the
region's energy security and supporting sustainable economic growth.

Consumer Awareness & Engagement:

To ensure informed participation and smooth implementation, awareness workshops will be
conducted with commercial consumers once the rooftop solar proposal is approved by the
competent authority. These workshops will aim to educate stakeholders on technical

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requirements, regulatory compliance, benefits of rooftop solar adoption, and the application
process.

Annexure-1

Solar Project Cost UT-Subsidy (in Total Debt Equity Return Levelized
Capacity (in Rs) Rs) Investment Amount (in Amount (in on Tariff
(in KW) (in Rs) Rs) Rs) Equity (Considering
(in %) 25 Years) (in
Rs/KWh)
₹ ₹ ₹ ₹ ₹
5 14% ₹ 3.56
3,00,000.00 75,000.00 2,25,000.00 1,57,500.00 67,500.00
₹ ₹ ₹ ₹ ₹
10 14% ₹ 3.56
6,00,000.00 1,50,000.00 4,50,000.00 3,15,000.00 1,35,000.00
₹ ₹ ₹ ₹ ₹
15 14% ₹ 3.56
9,00,000.00 2,25,000.00 6,75,000.00 4,72,500.00 2,02,500.00
₹ ₹ ₹ ₹ ₹
20 14% ₹ 3.56
12,00,000.00 3,00,000.00 9,00,000.00 6,30,000.00 2,70,000.00
₹ ₹ ₹ ₹ ₹
25 14% ₹ 3.56
15,00,000.00 3,75,000.00 11,25,000.00 7,87,500.00 3,37,500.00
₹ ₹ ₹ ₹ ₹
30 14% ₹ 3.56
18,00,000.00 4,50,000.00 13,50,000.00 9,45,000.00 4,05,000.00
₹ ₹ ₹ ₹ ₹
35 14% ₹ 3.56
21,00,000.00 5,25,000.00 15,75,000.00 11,02,500.00 4,72,500.00
₹ ₹ ₹ ₹ ₹
40 14% ₹ 3.56
24,00,000.00 6,00,000.00 18,00,000.00 12,60,000.00 5,40,000.00

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Annexure-II

Total Payback period of

Subsidy
Winter Total Total
Percentage Initial Payback
Total Duration Energy Amount
Total Subsidy of Energy Payback period
Load (in (In CUF Per per
Amount (In Cr) pushed-in Rate (In (In Year
MW) Month Year (In Year
to Grid Rs/KWh) Nos.)
Nos.) MWh) (In Cr)
23.84 ₹ 24.61 5 90% 21% 16219.09 ₹ 3.56 ₹ 5.77 4.3

Revenue Savings for LPDD

Energy
purchase
Total Energy Energy purchase Total
Amount
APPC Rate Available Per Amount @APPC Savings Per
@Levelized
Year Rate (In Cr) Year (In Cr)
Tariff rate (In
Cr)
₹ 4.25 16219.09 ₹ 6.89 ₹ 5.77 ₹ 1.12

Assumptions:
1. It is presumed during November to March 90% of the Solar Energy will be fed to grid.
2. The Solar CUF considered as
21%

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