Sample Question Paper

Introduction to Law (338)

Time 3 hrs Maximum Marks : 100

Note:
I) This question paper consists of 49 questions in all
II) All questions are compulsory
III) Marks are given against each question
IV) Attempt all questions either from Optional Module A or Optional Module B in all sections
V) Section A consists of

Q.No. 1 to 20 Multiple Choice type questions (MCQs) carrying 01 mark each. Select and write the most
appropriate option out of the four options given in each of these questions.

Q.No. 21 to 35 Objective type questions. Q.No. 21 to 35 carrying 02 marks each (with 2 sub-parts of I
mark each) and Attempt these questions as per the instructions given for each of the questions 21-35.

VI) Section B consists of

Q.No. 36 to 41 Very Short questions carrying 02 marks each to be answered in the range of 30 to 50
words:

Q.No. 42 to 46 Short Answer type questions carrying 04 marks each to be answered in the range of 50 to
80 words.

Q. No. 47 to 49-Long Answer type questions carrying 06 marks each to be answered in the range of 80 to
120 words.

Section-A

S. No. Marks
1. Canonic Principles applied by Christians were modernised by codifying. The 1
Law applicable for Christian Marriage is known as
a) Christian Marriage and Divorce Act of 1869
b) Christian Marriage Act of 1891
c) The Indian Christian Marriage Act of 1872
d) Divorce/Marriage Enactment Act 1869.

2. According to customary practices of Christians marriage ceremonies in India 1

can be performed only by a person who has received.
a) Archbishop blessing
b) Episcopal ordination

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 c) Gospel Ministry ordination
d) Seacons
3 Divorce by Mutual consent has been granted to Christian Community in 1
which year.
a) 1870
b) 1980
c) 2001
d) 2018
a)
4 Ceremony performed to initiate the child into the Zoroastrian religion is 1
termed as
a) Navjote
b) Avesta
c) Dastoorji
d) Hathevaro
a)
5 „Palak‟ Adoption is 1
a) Confers all civil rights on the adopted son or daughter
b) Child is taken in a family with all the rights, social, religions or civil
of the adoptive father.
c) It is not by way of conferring any right on the „adopted‟ son, but it is
the imposition of a duty ceremonies of the „adoptive‟ of other for the
progress and onward journey of Puran (Soul) in the next world.
d) There is no mention of adoption.

6 The Indian Parliament regulated Parsi Marriage and divorces by ......... 1

a) Parsi Marriage Act 1946
b) Parsi Divorce Art 1946
c) The Parsi Marriage and Divorce Act, 1936
d) None of these

7. The standard common Law of Criminal liability is expressed in Latin Phrase 1

„that‟ actus non – facit – reum nisi mens sit rea”. This principle was first cited
as a principle by
a) Edward Coke
b) Lord Gray
c) Lord Baker
d) Lord Bakewell

8. Supreme Court decisions shall be binding on all the courts within the territory 1
of India. Here all courts means:
a) All Courts except the Supreme Court of India

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 b) All Courts including the Supreme Court except a Bench of the
Supreme Court which consists of all the Judges of the Supreme Court.
c) All Courts including the Supreme Court except such branches of the
Supreme Court which consists of seven judges or more
d) All Courts including the Supreme Court of India.
9. One of the „Defence‟ in Criminal law where there must have been a total 1
destruction of voluntary control is known as
a) Intoxication
b) Insanity
c) Automatism
d) d. Self Defence
10. Suggest whether the following acts in given cases constitute „actus reus‟ 1
a) „a‟ pushes „b‟ in pond
b) „a‟ and „b‟ while walking near the pond and „a‟ accidently falls into
the pond.
c) Act does not comprise of „actus reus‟
d) None of the above
11. The concept of „Mens Rea‟ developed in 1
a) Russia
b) India
c) England
d) France

12. „Treatise on Jurisprudence‟ is written by 1

a) Benthem
b) Austin
c) Kelson
d) Holland

13. Who said “Procedural Law is concerned with affairs inside the courts of 1
justice” white “substantive Law deals with matters in the world outside.”
a) Salmond
b) Austin
c) Bentham
d) d. Holland
14. Professor Cook in, “Substance and Procedure” in the conflict of Laws talks 1
about “apenumbra” which means.
a) Process
b) twilight zone
c) Substance
d) d. procedure

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15. Indian Contract Act, 1872; Transfer of Property Act 1882 Specific Relief Act; 1
are examples of
a) Substantive Law
b) Procedural Law
c) Surficial Law
d) Administrative Law
16. Decide whether right to appeal is substantive Law or procedural law 1
a) Substantive Law
b) Procedural Law
c) Both of above
d) None of above
17. “The Nature of Judicial Process” is famous compilation of lectures written by 1
a) Justice Senning
b) Justice Benjamin N. Cardozo
c) Justice Anderson
d) Justice Thomas
18. Unless legislature specifies, procedural Laws are 1
a) Prospective
b) As on date rule applicable
c) Retrospective
d) d. As law better suits.
19. Which Article under the constitution of India provides for free legal Aid. 1
a) Article 14
b) Article 12
c) Article 39-A
d) Article 46

20. Name the Act enacted to give a statutory base to legal aid programmes 1
throughout the country on a uniform manner
a) The National Judicial Appointments Commission Act.
b) Legal Services Authorities Act 1987
c) Legal Awareness for people Act 1957
d) The Indian Institute of Information Technology Act 2017.

21. Lok Adalats are intended to arrive at _________ and settlements. Settlements 1x2
reached under Lok Adalats are deemed as________ of a civil court.

22. __________ Bargaining involves the agreement to a plea of guilty in return 1x2
for a lighter sentence. While ________ Bargaining is the least used in a
prosecution in which the Prosecutor agrees not to reveal any aggravating
factual circumstances to the court because that would lead to a mandatory
4
 minimum sentence or to a more severe sentence under sentencing guidelines.

23. Match the following: 1x2

Column A Column B
a) Taluk Legal Services (1) District Judge
Committee
b) District Legal Services (2) Senior Civil Judge
Authority.
(3) Chief Justice of India
(4) Chief Justice of state High Court

24. Write True (T) or False (F) 1x2

a) The Constituent Assembly was partly elected and partly nominated body
b) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee of
Constitution.
25. Write True (T) or False (F) 1x2
a) The term of Rajya Sabha is six years.
b) The Money Bill can be introduced only in Lok Sabha.
26. In ___________case the Supreme Court held the Preamble to the Constitution 1x2
is the basic structure of the Constitution. In__________ case the Supreme
Court held that the Preamble to the Constitution is not the basic structure of
the Constitution.
27. In a ________system, the executive which runs the administration must enjoy 1x2
the confidence of the Parliament, especially in the ________which represents
the people.
28. The upper house of the bicameral State Legislature of a State is 1x2
called_________. ________ is the final authority to abolish or create
Legislative Council in a State.
29. In Madhu Kishwar V. The State of ______ Court made a case of the _______ 1x2
Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against women
(CEDAW) to uphold the right of succession for tribal women.
30. The Joint sitting of the two houses of __________ is presided over 1x2
by_____________.
31. Match the following: 1x2
Column A Column B
a. Half hour Discussion (1) Draw attention of the Government
on urgent matters related to public
importance.
b. Calling Attention (2) Provides opportunity to the members
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 Motion to express their views on a particular
topic.
(3) Has an element of censure against
the Govt. Motion allowed only in Lok
Sabha
(4) Opposition Members try to bring out
lapses and weaknesses of the
government or to bring it down in the
eyes of people.

Attempt either question from Module A or Module B

Optional Module A
32. Write True (T) or False (F) 1x2
a) The Supreme Court of India interpreted “polluter Pays Principle” as the
absolute liability for harm to the environment extending not only to
compensate the victims of pollution but also the cost of restoring the
environmental degradation.
b) „polluter Pays Principle‟ is also known „Extended No fault
Responsibility‟ (EFR)

33. Match the following 1x2

Column A Column B
a. Vellore Citizens‟ (1)Two-Fold Liability
Forum union of
India
b. Public Trust (2) Precautionary principle is a part of the
Doctrine environmental law of the country.
(3) The state as 6 Trustee‟ is under a legal
duty to protect the natural resources
(4) A person guilty of causing pollution has
to compensate for the restoration of damage
caused to the environment and ecology.
34. Write True (T) or False (F) 1x2
a) Pollution is a civil wrong, a tort committed against the community as a
whole.
b) Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment
that causes adverse changes.

35. Write True (T) or False (F) 1x2

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 a) Public Trust Doctrine implies that the state is the „Trustee‟ of all natural
resources which are privately owned.
b) „Precautionary Principle‟ implies that where there are threats of serious
and irreversible damage, lack of scientific certainty should not be used as
a reason for postponing measures to prevent environmental degradation.

Optional Module B
32. Write True (T) or False (F) 1x2
a) The consumer Protection Act, 1986 protects the interests of consumers in
India.
b) The Consumer protection Act, 1986 has provision for establishing
Redressed Agencies.

33. Write True (T) or False (F) 1x2

a) Any practice that permits the hoarding or destruction of goods, or refusal
to sell the goods or provide any services, with an intention to raise the
cost of those or other similar goods or services, shall be an „Unfair Trade
Practice‟.
b) Offering any gifts, prizes or other items along with the goods when the
real intention is different and is not an „Unfair Trade Practice‟.
34. The Consumers Protection Act, 1986 enacted by_________, protects the 1x2
interests of consumers in India. It makes provisions for the establishment of
consumer ________and other authorities for the settlement of consumers‟
disputes and matters connected therewith.

35. Match the following 1x2

Column A Column B
a. Consumer Court (1) Airtel directed to pay compensation
Tripura for providing faulty Internet
Connection.
b. The East District (2) „Mercedes Benz‟ fined for selling a
Consumer Disputes used demo car.
Redressal forum
(3) Cadbury India Ltd. To pay
compensation for an iron pin found
inside a chocolate box.
(4) Quasi Judicial Consumer disputes
Redressal bodies.

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 Section B

36. „A‟ visits the police station for the filing of an FIR. The Police Officer refers 2
to it. What suitable action can be taken by „A‟.
37. A) What does „Sapinda‟ under Hindu Marriage mean? 2
Or
B) Write a short note on Testamentary Succession.
38. Explain T. Poole claims on judicial review by judges. 2
39. Write down a few provisions for entailing free legal aid in civil and criminal 2
matters where people cannot afford service of a lawyer for the conduct of a
case.
40 A) Write a short note on Budget. 2
Or
B) Write a short note on No Confidence Motion.

Attempt either question from Module A or Module B

Optional Module A
41. Give two examples to ensure sustainable Development. 2
Optional Module B
41. Explain the necessity of legal monopoly. 2
42. A) What are the four kinds of divorce recognized by the old Rabbinical law 4
under Jewish community?
Or
B) Write about the role of custom in Christian law.
43. A) Distinguish between Public Law and Private Law, according to theories 4
determining the distinction.
Or
B) Write about the meaning and nature of Administrative law.
44. Cite relevant examples/case laws to justify the statement “The maximum 4
punishment prescribed may not always be the determinative factor for
repairing the crippled psyche of the offender. “It is necessary to balance the
scale of retributive justice and restorative justice.
45. The framers of the Indian Constitution were strongly committed to various 4
fundamental freedoms which are absolutely necessary in a free democracy,
however all such freedoms cannot be absolute. Write down reasonable
restrictions imposed on Article 19. Any two.
46. A) What do you understand by „Locus standi‟ . Cite relevant case law where 4
court has done away with orthodox bar of „Locus standi‟.
Or
A) Write about Legislative powers and functions of Indian Parliament.
47. A) Chief Justice of India N.V. Ramana has expressed that Mediation can 6
8
 change the landscape of justice in India. Elaborate your thoughts on the
usefulness of ADR mechanisms.
Or
B) Evaluate various stages of Civil suits.
48. A) Article 18 of the constitution of India prohibits the State from awarding 6
any title then why does it award National Honours. Cite relevant case law.
Or
B) Write in detail about salient features of the Indian Constitution.

Attempt either question from Module A or Module B

Optional Module A

49. Sunita lives near a beautiful public Garden soon. She learns that there is going 6
to be construction of a shopping complex in place of Public Park. Explain the
Environmental Principles and the Fundamental Right through which such
construction can be stopped. Cites relevant Case law.

Optional Module B

49. Evaluate the role of „Consumer Activism‟ in protecting the rights of the 6
consumers in India

9
 Marking Scheme

Section A

S.no Marks

1. b Christian Marriage and Divorce Act of 1869 1

2. b Episcopal ordination 1

3. c 2001 1

4. a Navjote 1

5. c It is not by way of conferring any right on the „adopted‟ son, but it is the 1
imposition of a duty ceremonies of the „adoptive‟ of others for the progress and
onward journey of Puran (Soul) in the next world.

6. c The Parsi Marriage and Divorce Act, 1936 1

7. a Edward Coke 1

8. b All Courts including the Supreme Court except a Bench of the Supreme Court 1
which consists of all the Judges of the Supreme Court.

9. c Automatism 1

10. a “a” pushes “b” in pond 1

11. c England 1

12. d Holland 1

13. a Salmond 1

14 b twilight zone 1

10
15. a Substantive Law 1

16. a Substantive Law 1

17. b Justice Benjamin N. Cardozo 1

18. c retrospective 1

19. c Article 39-A 1

20. b Legal Services Authorities Act 1987 1

21. A. Compromise ; Decree 1x2

22. A. Sentence; Fact 1x2

23. (a) 2 1x2

(b) 1

24. (a) T 1x2

(b) T

25. (a) T 1x2

(b) T

26. Kesavananda Bharati ; Berubari 1x2

27. Parliamentary ; Lok Sabha 1x2

28. Vidhan Parishad; Parliament 1x2

29. Bihar; Vienna 1x2

30. Parliament; Speaker 1x2

31. (a) 1 1x2

(b) 2

Optional Module A

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32. (a) T 1x2

(b) F

33. (a) 2 1x2

(b) 3

34. (a) T 1x2

(b) T

35. (a) F 1x2

(b) T

Optional Module B

32. (a) T 1x2

(b) T

33. (a) T 1x2

(b) F

34. A. Parliament; Councils 1x2

35. (a) 3 1x2

(b) 1

Section B

36. „A‟ can file a complaint

Writ of „Mandamus issued by an order of a superior Court would ensure 2

that a person holding public office/authority does his Public Duty.

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37. Sapinda means particles of the same body.

-Sapinda is prohibited because marriage relationship with one‟s mother 2

or one‟s sister or one‟s daughter or one‟s son‟s wife is considered as sin
in Hindu Law .The Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 provides the extent of
Sapinda relationship to five degree in line of ascent through the father
and three degrees in the line of ascent through the mother.

Or

Testamentary succession governs law of immovable property of

Christians and Parsis

38.

According to T. Poole judicial review‟ by judges cannot legally replace 2

political debate in the legislature as the principal forum for debates.

39. Provisions of free legal aid includes:

Representation by an Advocate in legal proceedings. 2

Drafting of legal documents, special learn petition.

Giving advice on any legal matter. (Any two points)

40. The Budget is an annual financial statement showing annual expected 2

revenue and expenditure of public money. It is not a Bill. It is presented
in the Parliament (Lok Sabha) . The presentation of the Budget is the
responsibility of the Finance Minister.

Or

This motion can be used by Lok Sabha members only. Any member of
Lok Sabha may move a resolution after the required formalities to
express lack of confidence in the Council of Ministers. It is here that
most of the opposition members try to bring out the lapses and the
weaknesses of the government to censor it or to bring it down in the eyes
of the people. The ruling party replies to the points raised and defends
itself.

13
 Optional Module A

41. Examples to ensure sustainable Development. 2

If we use groundwater, then we also have a responsibility of recharging

it through various techniques like rain water harvesting.

If we use cars then we have to make sure that we use eco-friendly fuel
and technology that minimizes air pollution.

Optional Module B

41. A government grants monopoly to provide an incentive to invest in a 2

risky venture.

Sometimes the government may also reserve the venture to regulate, thus
forming a government monopoly.

42. Jewish customary law recognizes four kinds of divorce 4

Divorce by mutual agreement.

Divorce enforced upon the wife on the petition of the husband.

Divorce enforced upon the husband on the petition of the wife.

Divorce enforced by the Jewish court without the petition of either of the
parties.

Or

„Custom‟ plays an important role in the lives and legal system of the
Christians in India. During British rule, these canonic customary laws
were practiced by the Christians all over the Churches in India and were
modernized by the passing of two specific legislations, namely Indian
Divorce Act of 1869 and Indian Christian Marriage Act of 1872.
Christians did not recognize divorce in their customary practices and
their marriages are regarded as sacramental. The Law of Christian
divorce is codified by the name of 'The Divorce Act, 1869. This Act has
been amended in 2001 whereby divorce by internal consent is allowed.

14
43. Distinction between public and private law 4

The Interest Theory – This theory has been developed by the Roman
jurist Ulpian. According to this theory Public law is that which concerns
the Roman state while private law is concerned with the interest of
citizens.

The „Subordinate Theory‟ – This theory differentiates according to the

relationship between the participants.

Public law is characterized by a Superior – Subordinate relationship

whereas private law creates a relationship of coordination.

The Subject Theory -According to this theory if a person deals with

Sovereign Authority such a State or a Municipality, the Public Law
applies, otherwise it is Private law.

Or

As per Holland, Administrative Law provides for the manner of

activities or the various organs of the Sovereign Power as provided by
the Constitution. In this sense Administration has been defined as „the
exercise of political powers within the limits of the Constitution as the
total concrete and manifoldly changing activity of the State in particular
cases as the functions, or the activity, of the Sovereign Power‟. It may
fairly be said to include the making and promulgation of laws; the action
of the government in guiding the State in its foreign relations; the
administration of justice; the management of the property and business
transactions of the State; and the working in detail, by means of
subordinates entrusted with a certain amount of discretion, of the
complex machinery by which the State provides at once for its own
existence and for the general welfare. It deals with the collection of the
revenue, the collection of statistics, international trade, manufacturing,
pollution, taxation, and the like. This is sometimes seen as a sub-
category of Civil Law and sometimes seen as Public Law as it deals with
regulation and public institutions

15
44. The relevant examples/case laws to justify the statement “The maximum
punishment prescribed may not always be the determinative factor for
repairing the crippled psyche of the offender. “It is necessary to balance 4
the scale of retributive justice and restorative justice.

In case of Bachan Singh V. State of Punjab

The Constitution Bench while upholding the Constitutional validity of

the death sentence held inter alia that the imposition of death penalty is
to be guided (via sections 354 (3) and 235 (2) of the (CrPC) such that

The extreme penalty can be inflicted only in the gravest cases of extreme
culpability.

In making the choice of the sentence; in addition to the circumstances of

the offence, due regard must be paid to the circumstances of the offender
also.

2) In Rajiv Gandhi Assassination Case AG Perarivalan, a supporter of

rebel group fighting for separate Tamil State in Sri Lanka was of 19
years when he was convicted of procuring batteries that were used in the
bomb to kill Rajiv Gandhi. (The Ex-PM).

The Supreme Court in 1998 gave him a death sentence, which was
in 2000 commuted. In 2022 he was set free by Supreme Court invoking
Article 142.

16
45. The State is empowered to impose reasonable restrictions in the interest 4
of the security of the state, friendly relations with foreign-countries,
public order or decency or morality or in relation to contempt to court,
defamation or incitement to an offence and maintenance of sovereignty
and integrity of the country.

The freedom under 19 (b) (Freedom to assemble peacefully and without

arms) is subject to two reasonable restrictions

Meetings, rallies and procession should be peaceful.

The participants should not carry any weapon.

The freedom under Article 19(c) (to form association or union) in case
of illegal, immoral or conspirational associations, where integrity and
sovereignty may face danger, the state can disallow such formations.

17
46. According to the traditional Anglo-Saxon concept of locus-standi, only 4
the person whose rights were violated could seek judicial redress.

Case Law

S.P. Gupta vs. Union of India

In this Case, Justice P.M. Bhagwati said that a major impediment in

bringing the problems of the under-privileged before the courts was the
traditional rule of locus-standi.

It was held that any public spirited individual can move the court
provided that the person is acting in the interest of the public and not for
personal gain, private profit, political motivation or other considerations.

Thus the court outed the orthodox bar of locus standi and cleared the
path for providing justice. In fact even a letter could be treated by the
court as a writ petition.

Or

Law making is the primary function of the State Legislature. It makes

laws on 66 subjects included in the State List. It also has the right to
make laws on the subjects mentioned in the Concurrent List but it should
not contradict any law made by the Parliament on the same subject. In
case of contradiction, the law made by the Central Government prevails.
The procedure of law making is the same as in Parliament both in the
case of Ordinary Bills (Non-money bills) and the Money bills. Every bill
passed by the State Legislature (One House if unicameral and both the
Houses if bicameral) is sent to the Governor for his/her assent after
which it becomes a law.

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47. Usefulness of ADR mechanisms.

ADR can emerge as a tool of social justice in the country. In fact, CJI 6
speaking at India's two day conference on Mediation and Information
Technology organized at the Statue of Unity in Gujarat in April 2022
stressed that active effort must be taken by court to make negotiations
and mediations mandatory as part of case management.

ADR through Lok Adalats, Gram Nyayalayas, Mediation and

Arbitration centuries, has the potential to transform the legal landscape
of India by providing millions of people grievances.

Among many benefits of mediation, major being that it can reduce

pendency, same judicial resources and time and allow litigants a degree
of control over the dispute resolution process and its outcome.

Or

In civil matters the party which files the case is known as „plaintiff‟ and
the party against whom the case is filed is known as „defendant‟. In legal
terminology, a civil case is known as a suit. Civil suit or case passes
through following stages: 1. Filing of plaint („plaint‟ is a legal term for
the case filed by the plaintiff) –

2. Issuing summons to the opposite party –

3. Appearance of defendant

4. Framing of issues

5. Recording of

6. Arguments

7. Judgment

The Dissatisfied party has the right to approach the higher Court by way
of appeal or any other remedy.

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48. In democracy titles go against the realization of social equality under
Article 14 . However under Article 18 conferment of „Bharat Ratna”,
“Padma Vibhuties”, “Padma Shri” are not prohibited as they merely 6
denote state recognition of good work by citizens in the various fields of
activity. The President of India can award National honors to eminent
citizens in any field such as public, social, academic or sports. Similarly,
military and bravery awards are also given for service or sacrifice by the
military paramilitary forces.

Article 18 does not secure any fundamental right but imposes a

restriction on executive and legislative power.

Bharat Ratna and Padma awards are not titles and cannot be used as
prefix or suffix to names of the recipient. The awards can be withdrawn
in case of misuse.

3)In Balaji Raghavan vs. UOI, the supreme court upheld the validity of
civilian honors. Justice Ahmadi observed that restraint is necessary to
safeguard the importance of conferment of awards. The court suggested
a high level committee may be appointed by the PM in consultation with
the President who will ensure that only describing persons are bestowed
an award to enhance its respect.

Or

Salient features of the Indian Constitution are

Written Constitution

Partly Rigid and Partly Flexible

Federal System with Unitary Bias

(Explain all above points in detail )

Optional Module A

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49. Relevant Case law. 6

People have the right to question one use of natural resources. In fact,
many years before Romain king Distinction stated that “The Air, the
water, and the sea are all common to the public and are entitled to be
used by anyone due to the law of nature‟. This concept is known as
Public Trust Doctrine.

In India, the court observed that we follow the Common law system and
thus our Constitution includes public trust doctrine in its jurisprudence.
The court applied this doctrine for the protection of Environment. The
court referred to various Articles of the Indian Constitution such as 48 A
which made a way though Article 21 by including the rights to clean
environment and Article 39 of the Directive Principle) which states
proper distribution of the resources.

Sunita can assert the public trust doctrine under the right to life Article
21 of the Constitution as allowing the construction will deprive the
public of the quality of life as stated under Article 21 of the Constitution.
Also under the public trust doctrine the government is under the
obligation to maintain the public park for the citizens‟ – Relevant case
M-I. Builders Pvt. Ltd. Versus Radhey Shyam Sehra (1999) S.C. (464.)

Optional Module B

49. The „Consume Activism‟ has succeeded in bringing pressure and in 6

applying a check on the unfair trade practices in India.

It has also been successful in protecting and promoting the interest of

consumers against unethical and unfair trade practices.

„Consumer Activism‟ has also helped in creating an awareness about

consumer goods and services.

It has also succeeded in bringing the unscrupulous tradesman to books.

It has also helped the consumer movement in achieving its goals

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