# Topic 1: User-Defined Functions
# Q1. Write a function to calculate the factorial of a number.
def factorial(n):
if n == 0:
return 1
return n * factorial(n - 1)
print(factorial(5)) # Output: 120
# Q2. Write a function to check if a number is prime.
def is_prime(n):
if n <= 1:
return False
for i in range(2, int(n**0.5) + 1):
if n % i == 0:
return False
return True
print(is_prime(7)) # Output: True
# Q3. Write a function to find the maximum of three numbers.
def find_max(a, b, c):
return max(a, b, c)
print(find_max(10, 20, 15)) # Output: 20
# Q4. Write a function to reverse a string.
def reverse_string(s):
return s[::-1]
print(reverse_string("hello")) # Output: "olleh"
# Q5. Write a function to sum all numbers in a list.
def sum_list(lst):
return sum(lst)
print(sum_list([1, 2, 3, 4])) # Output: 10
# Topic 2: If, For, While, Range
# Q6. Write a program that prints "Even" if a number is even, "Odd" otherwise.
num = 4
if num % 2 == 0:
print("Even") # Output: Even
else:
print("Odd")
# Q7. Write a for loop to print numbers from 1 to 10.
for i in range(1, 11):
print(i) # Output: 1 2 3 ... 10
# Q8. Write a while loop to find the sum of the first 10 natural numbers.
n = 10
total = 0
i = 1
while i <= n:
total += i
i += 1
print(total) # Output: 55
# Q9. Write a for loop to iterate over a list of names and print each one.
names = ["Alice", "Bob", "Charlie"]
for name in names:
print(name)
# Output: Alice Bob Charlie
# Q10. Use range() to generate a list of even numbers from 2 to 20.
even_numbers = list(range(2, 21, 2))
print(even_numbers) # Output: [2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20]
# Topic 3: Built-in Functions
# Q11. Use the `len()` function to find the length of a list.
lst = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
print(len(lst)) # Output: 5
# Q12. Use the `sorted()` function to sort a list in ascending order.
numbers = [5, 1, 4, 2, 3]
print(sorted(numbers)) # Output: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
# Q13. Use `min()` and `max()` to find the smallest and largest elements in a list.
print(min(numbers)) # Output: 1
print(max(numbers)) # Output: 5
# Q14. Use `sum()` to calculate the total sum of a list.
print(sum(numbers)) # Output: 15
# Q15. Use `map()` to square each element in a list.
squares = list(map(lambda x: x**2, numbers))
print(squares) # Output: [25, 1, 16, 4, 9]
# Topic 4: List, Set, Dictionary
# Q16. Write a program to find the length of a list.
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
print(len(fruits)) # Output: 3
# Q17. Write a program to add an element to a set.
my_set = {1, 2, 3}
my_set.add(4)
print(my_set) # Output: {1, 2, 3, 4}
# Q18. Write a program to remove duplicates from a list using a set.
dup_list = [1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4]
unique_list = list(set(dup_list))
print(unique_list) # Output: [1, 2, 3, 4]
# Q19. Write a program to iterate through a dictionary and print its keys and
values.
my_dict = {"name": "Alice", "age": 25, "city": "New York"}
for key, value in my_dict.items():
print(key, value)
# Output: name Alice, age 25, city New York
# Q20. Write a program to check if a key exists in a dictionary.
if "name" in my_dict:
print("Key exists") # Output: Key exists
# Topic 5: Class and Objects Basics
# Q21. Define a class `Person` with attributes name and age. Write a method to
print the person's details.
class Person:
def __init__(self, name, age):
self.name = name
self.age = age
def display(self):
print(f"Name: {self.name}, Age: {self.age}")
p1 = Person("Alice", 30)
p1.display() # Output: Name: Alice, Age: 30
# Q22. Create a class `Rectangle` with attributes length and width. Write a method
to calculate area.
class Rectangle:
def __init__(self, length, width):
self.length = length
self.width = width
def area(self):
return self.length * self.width
rect = Rectangle(5, 3)
print(rect.area()) # Output: 15
# Q23. Define a class `Circle` with an attribute radius. Write a method to
calculate the circumference.
class Circle:
def __init__(self, radius):
self.radius = radius
def circumference(self):
return 2 * 3.14159 * self.radius
c = Circle(4)
print(c.circumference()) # Output: 25.13272
# Q24. Create a class `Student` with attributes name and marks. Write a method to
determine if the student has passed (marks >= 50).
class Student:
def __init__(self, name, marks):
self.name = name
self.marks = marks
def has_passed(self):
return self.marks >= 50
s1 = Student("Bob", 45)
print(s1.has_passed()) # Output: False
# Q25. Define a class `Book` with attributes title and author. Write a method to
display book details.
class Book:
def __init__(self, title, author):
self.title = title
self.author = author
def details(self):
print(f"Title: {self.title}, Author: {self.author}")
b = Book("1984", "George Orwell")
b.details() # Output: Title: 1984, Author: George Orwell
# Extra Questions for Practice
# Q26. Write a function that takes a string and returns its uppercase version.
def to_uppercase(s):
return s.upper()
print(to_uppercase("hello")) # Output: HELLO
# Q27. Write a program to find the second largest number in a list.
def second_largest(lst):
lst = list(set(lst)) # Remove duplicates
lst.sort()
return lst[-2]
print(second_largest([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])) # Output: 4
# Q28. Write a function to count the vowels in a string.
def count_vowels(s):
vowels = "aeiou"
count = 0
for char in s:
if char.lower() in vowels:
count += 1
return count
print(count_vowels("hello world")) # Output: 3
# Q29. Write a program to check if a string is a palindrome.
def is_palindrome(s):
return s == s[::-1]
print(is_palindrome("madam")) # Output: True
# Q30. Write a class `Car` with attributes make and model. Write a method to print
car details.
class Car:
def __init__(self, make, model):
self.make = make
self.model = model
def display(self):
print(f"Make: {self.make}, Model: {self.model}")
car = Car("Toyota", "Camry")
car.display() # Output: Make: Toyota, Model: Camry
