prevalent - Something that is prevalent or most common can be described as

prevailing.

Intellectual - involving a person's ability to think and to understand ideas and

information.

skepticism - doubt, not believing

emphasize-- to put emphasis on something

profound--(adj)-- very great; that you feel very strongly

dominant--(adj)-- more powerful, important or noticeable than others

bereft--(adj)-- completely lacking something; having lost something

liberal--(adj)-- .accepting different opinions or kinds of behaviour; tolerant

(in politics) believing in or based on principles of commercial freedom, freedom of

choice, and avoiding extreme social and political change

pervade-(verb)--to spread through and be noticeable in every part of something

tremendous-(adj)-- very large or great

embody-(verb)--to be very good example of something

feudal-(adj)-- Feudalism was a system in which people were given land and
protection by people of higher rank, and worked and fought for them in return

sacrosanct-(adj)--most sacred, holy, or respected : inviolable

crystalised-- giving a definite form or expression such as ideas or argument

demarcate- (verb)-- to show or mark the limits of something

socioeconomic background-- Socioeconomic background, or socioeconomic status (SES),

is a way to describe a person's or group's position in society based on their
access to resources and opportunities. It's usually described as low, medium, or
high.
SES is a complex concept that includes:
Income
Education
Occupation
Financial security
Living conditions
Subjective perceptions of social status and class
People with a lower SES often have less access to resources and opportunities than
those with a higher SES. This can lead to a number of negative outcomes, including:
poor health, chronic health conditions, disabilities, lower educational
achievement, and poverty.
SES can also affect a person's psychological outcomes. For example, children from
low-SES households may develop academic skills more slowly than children from
higher SES households.

notions --(noun)--something that you have in your mind; an idea

societies-(noun)--the aggregate of people living together in a more or less ordered

community.
"drugs, crime, and other dangers to society"
the community of people living in a particular country or region and having shared
customs, laws, and organizations.
plural noun: societies

custom--(noun)--a traditional and widely accepted way of behaving or doing

something that is specific to a particular society, place, or time.
culture--(noun)--the customs, ideas, beliefs, etc. of a particular society,
country, etc.
art, literature, music, etc.

social norms--Social norms are the informal, mostly unwritten rules that define
what is considered acceptable behavior within a group or community. They are a
combination of our actions, beliefs, and expectations.
Social norms can be learned early in life, often in infancy. They are maintained
through social sanctions, such as punishments for non-compliance, and social
benefits, such as rewards for compliance.
Social norms are important because they provide order and certainty in society.
They can also help people negotiate their daily lives within a given culture.

sanction -a threatened penalty for disobeying a law or rule.

unravel--(noun)--
to remove the knots from a piece of string, thread, etc.; to come unfastened in
this way

social esteem--Social esteem is the value that people place on others. It's similar
to self-esteem, which is a person's evaluation of their own worth and competence.
Social esteem can be a reward for behaviors that follow collective norms and
maintain the integrity of social functions. It can also be a way for people to
encourage others to act in ways that they approve of, and discourage actions that
they disapprove of.

community--(noun)- all the people who live in a particular place, area, etc. when
considered as a group

transcend-- to go further than the usual limits of something.

liquidate-(verb)-to close a business because it has no money left.

contemporary-(adj)--of the present time; modern

amidst---among

linguistic-(adj) --the study of human speech including the units, nature,

structure, and modification of language.

ethnic-(adj)-connected with or typical of a particular race or religion

bewildering- making you feel confused because there are too many things to choose
from or because something is difficult to understand

thatch roof - a house roof made with a plant material (as straw)

conspicuously--noticeable

acquainted--(ad)-knowing something or somebody but not very closely

constrained-(verb)-to limit somebody/something; to force somebody/something to do

something

legislators - a member of an elected group of people who have the power to make or
change laws.

epochs- a long period of time, especially one in which there are new developments
and great change

Empirical-- originating in or based on observation or experience

theology- study of religion,Theology is the activity of thinking and speaking about

God.

philosophy -the study of ideas and beliefs about the meaning of life,
a set of beliefs that tries to explain the meaning of life or give rules about how
to behave

spectacular--very impressive to see

cherished--(verb)--to love somebody/something and look after him/her/it carefully

shiftlessness.(noun)--a lack of activity due to a lack of ambition or initiative.

It can also mean inactivity as a result of a dislike of work.

anticipated(verb)-to expect something to happen

unintended-- not planned, not expected

consequence-(noun)--something that happens or follows as a result of something else

deceased--someone who is no longer living

Colonial administrators-- are people who work to govern a colony, or a country that
is a colony. Colonial administration is the government of a country that is a
colony, or relates to colonialism.

Social anthropology --is the study of human society and cultures through a
comparative lens. Social anthropologists seek to understand how people live in
societies and how they make their lives meaningful. Anthropologists are concerned
with such questions as: Why do people do what they do? How are societies organised

Anthropology-- is the systematic study of humanity, with the goal of understanding

our evolutionary origins, our distinctiveness as a species, and the great diversity
in our forms of social existence across the world and through time.

pastoral-(adj)-pastoral means a group of people who live a nomadic or semi-nomadic

lifestyle and primarily care for and herd agricultural animals

agrarian- relating to a society where the majority of productive work is focused on

agriculture and household self-provisioning:

barbaric- A stage of cultural development: A stage where a culture is perceived as

inferior and needs outside influence to become more civilized .

conviction--a formal declaration by the verdict of a jury or the decision of a

judge in a court of law that someone is guilty of a criminal offence.
a firmly held belief or opinion.

capitalism--Capitalism is an economic and political system where trade and industry

are controlled by private owners for profit. Its core principles are accumulation,
ownership, and profiting from capital.

commodities--raw material
shepherd--A shepherd is a person who tends, herds, feeds, or guards flocks of sheep
brewer-- person who make things

degradation--the condition or process of degrading or being degraded.

wrenching-(verb)--
pull or twist suddenly and violently.

appalled-(adj)-struck with fear, dread, or consternation. ,Shock

squalor-the condition of being extremely dirty and unpleasant, often because of

lack of money.

influx--an arrival or entry of large numbers of people or things.

deliberate(adj)--done consciously and intentionally.

perceived(verb)--come to realize or understand.

archetype--(noun)-the original pattern or model of which all things of the same

type are representations or copies : prototype.

regimentation--the act of forcing strict discipline and/or organization on

somebody/something

hitherto--until now, or until the point in time under discussion. ,so far

barracks- group of buildings

Liberating --freeing a place or people from enemy occupation.

tempo-speed of an activity or an event

tumultuous-- very noisy because people are excited

advent-- the fact of something/somebody arriving

industrialisation--industrialization is the process of a society transitioning from

an agrarian economy to one that's based on manufacturing:Industrialization is a
qualitative economic change that involves the establishment of new industrial
plants, which shifts the economy towards manufacturing and industry.

pertinent--closely connected with the subject being discussed

entailed(v)-to make something necessary,to involve something

enslaved(v)-make slave

indentured -relating to an official agreement that someone will work for someone
else for a length of time, especially in order to learn a job

Colonilisation-colonialism is the practice of a foreign power controlling another

group of people for an extended period of time through political, social, economic,
and cultural means.

relevant -useful,important
inundated-to give or send somebody so many things that he/she cannot deal with them
all

contemporary--belonging to the same time as somebody/something else

remnant--a piece of something that is left after the rest has gone

arbitrary--not seeming to be based on any reason or plan and sometimes seeming

unfair

exaggerate--to make something seem larger, better, worse, etc. than it really is

envy--the feeling that you have when somebody else has something that you want

tranquilisers--a drug that is used for making people feel calm or to help them
sleep