Pronouns 1er-AÑO

La función principal de los pronombres es sustituir al sujeto de una oración, por lo que sirven para designar
personas, animales o cosas.
Existen diferentes tipos de pronombres en inglés

Pronombres personales (sujeto) I, You, They, We, She, He, It

Son aquellos pronombres encargados de sustituir
al sujeto de la oración y son aquellos que realizan
la acción.
Pronombres personales (objeto) Me, you, him, her, it, us, them
Se utilizan para representar en la persona que
recae la acción
Pronombres posesivos Mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs
Como su nombre lo indica, los pronombres
posesivos son aquellos que responden a la
pregunta ¿De quién es?
Adjetivos posesivos My, your, his, her, its, our, their
Los adjetivos posesivos son aquellas palabras que
acompañan a los sustantivos y expresan la
pertenencia o posesión de dicho nombre por parte
de un poseedor y también relación. Este tipo de
adjetivos van delante del sustantivo siempre
Pronombres reflexivos Myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves,
Son aquellos en los que la acción recae en el themselves
mismo sujeto

Exercises. Pronouns.
Write the correct personal pronoun in each sentence (I, You, They, We, She, He, It)
1. ____ (Maria) is my best friend.
2. ____ (John and I) are going to the park.
3. ____ (The book) is on the table.
4. ____ (The students) are studying for their exams.
5. ____ (My brother) loves playing soccer.
6. ____ (Anna and you) should finish the project together.
7. ____ (The cat) is sleeping on the sofa.
8. ____ (My parents and I) are traveling next week.
9. ____ (The teacher) is explaining the lesson.
10.____ (My friends) are coming to my party.
Write the correct personal pronoun in each sentence (object) (Me, you, him, her, it, us,
them)

1. Can you help ____ (I) with my homework?

2. I saw ____ (John) at the store yesterday.
3. The gift is for ____ (Anna).
4. Please give ____ (the book) to ____ (I).
5. We will meet ____ (our friends) at the park.
6. She always takes care of ____ (her brother).
7. Can you pass ____ (the salt) to ____ (we)?
8. I will call ____ (you) later.
9. They invited ____ (John and me) to their wedding.
10.He bought ____ (flowers) for ____ (his mother).
Write the correct possessive pronoun in each sentence (Mine, yours, his, hers, ours,
theirs)

1. The book is ____. (John)

2. I think we should go in ____. (The boy's car)
3. That house is ____. (Kathy)
4. Do you hear the telephone? I think it's ____. (my telephone)
5. I'm sure it's ____. (the computer that belongs to my sister and me)
6. Look at that car. It's ____. (Mary and Peter)
7. That dog over there is ____. (Henry)
8. Those bicycles are ____. (Jack and Peter)
9. No, that one is ____. (you)
10.Yes, that one is ____. (I)
Write the correct possessive adjective in each sentence (My, your, his, her, its, our, their)
1. That's ____ bike in the garage. (I)
2. Michael invited ____ friend to the party. (Sophie)
3. We read ____ novel last month. (Emily Bronte)
4. ____ roof is blue. (The house)
5. Would you like to join ____ study group? (Tom and I)
6. Lisa picked up ____ bag and went to the gym. (Lisa)
7. David asked ____ advice about the project. (Kevin and Rachel)
8. I believe ____ suggestion is interesting. (You)
9. I'm curious about ____ thoughts on this matter. (Maria)
10. He sent an email to ____ supervisor. (Jack)
Write the correct reflexive pronoun in each sentence (Myself, yourself, himself, herself,
itself, ourselves, themselves)
1. She looked at ____ (she) in the mirror.
2. They enjoyed ____ (they) at the party.
3. I made this cake ____ (I).
4. He taught ____ (he) to play the guitar.
5. We prepared ____ (we) for the trip.
6. Did you hurt ____ (you)?
7. The cat cleaned ____ (it) after eating.
8. She prides ____ (she) on her achievements.
9. They took a picture of ____ (they) at the beach.
10. He introduced ____ (he) to the new neighbors.
Articles
Los artículos preceden a los sustantivos. En inglés hay dos tipos de artículos. Unos son los artículos
indefinidos o “indefinite articles” y el otro es el articulo definido o “definite article”.
Los artículos definidos son aquellos que acompañan a los sustantivos que ya han sido mencionados,
mientras que los artículos indefinidos introducen un sustantivo quw aún no ha sido mencionado.
Los artículos indefinidos: a, an
Los artículos indefinidos son “a” y “an”. Ambos tienen el mismo significado, sin embargo, se utilizan en
diferentes momentos.
Uso de “a” o “an”
Si el sustantivo comienza por vocal o “h” muda, se usa el articulo indefinido an, por ejemplo:
 An apple
 An hour
 An elephant
 An umbrella
Si el sustantivo inicia con una consonante visual o consonante prosódica, se utiliza el articulo a
 A hospital
 A lamp
 A house
 A bag
 A university
Uso de “the”
El articulo definido “the” se utiliza para referirse a algo especifico o mencionar algo de nuevo o que se da
por conocido.
 I flew the kite (la oración refiere un papalote en específico)
 The kids helped me fly it. (la oración refiere a personas especificas)
 The moon
 The sun
 The North
No se usan artículos cuando
- Los sustantivos son plurales pero no son específicos, por ejemplo:
Bussinesswomen travel a lot (non specific)
The businesswomen that I know travel a lot (specific)
- Nombres de ciudades, calles, plazas o parques
- Nombres de países, a menos que contienen en su nombre Kingdom, Republic, State, Union
- Nombres de contienentes y lagos
- Nombres de los meses y días de la semana
- Adverbios temporales como next o last
- Comidas
- Idiomas
- Instituciones no especificas
- Materiales (cuando se habla de ellos en general)

Exercises. Articles.
Write the correct article in each sentence (A – an - the)
1. I have ____ apple in my bag.
2. She wants to buy ____ new car.
3. ____ Eiffel Tower is in Paris.
4. Can you give me ____ pencil, please?
5. I saw ____ elephant at the zoo.
6. He is ____ best player on the team.
7. They live in ____ big house near the beach.
8. She is reading ____ interesting book.
9. ____ sun rises in the east.
10. Do you have ____ umbrella?
11. ____ moon looks beautiful tonight.
12. I bought ____ shirt yesterday.
13. They are staying at ____ hotel in the city center.
14. ____ cat is sleeping on the sofa.
15. He ate ____ orange for breakfast.
Write the missing articles

In ________ quaint village nestled in ________lush green valleys, there stood ________ small cottage
with ________ thatched roof. Inside, there lived ________ elderly woman known for her kindness
and wisdom. Every morning, she would stroll down ________ narrow cobblestone streets, greeting
________ villagers with warmth and cheer. One day, as she was tending to her garden, ________
young traveler approached her, seeking directions to ________ nearby forest. With ________ smile,
she offered him ________ hand-drawn map, pointing out ________ best route to take. Grateful for
her help, ________ traveler set off on his journey, guided by ________ wisdom of ________ kind old
woman.

Verb to be
El verbo “to be” es una de las palabras clave del idioma inglés. Su uso correcto es la clave para entender
el contexto de lo que lees, escuchas y escribes.
Para entender los significados que puede tener el verbo to be, es necesario aprender que todo depende
del contexto en el que se encuentre, es decir, que según la forma en la que se usa será el significado que
tiene.
El verbo to be lo podemos encontrar en los siguientes conceptos

Ser Estar Haber

I am beautiful. I am at home. There is a hospital
He is an actor. She is sick. Are there bathrooms?
She is tall. He is here.

El verbo to be en presente es representado por 3 palabras (conjugación): am, is, are

Cada una de estas palabras es utilizada dependiendo de la persona de la que vamos a hablar. Ejemplo

Se usa el verbo to Se usa el verbo to

Se usa el verbo to
be “is” cuando be “are” cuando
AM be “am” cuando IS ARE
hablamos de “She, hablamos de
hablamos de “I”
He, It” “They, We, You”
El verbo to be puede ser utilizado de manera afirmativa, negativa o interrogativa.

Afirmativa Negativa Interrogativa

Contraction Contraction
I am I´m I am not I´m not Am I?
You are You´re You are not You aren´t Are you?
They are They´re They are not They aren´t Are they?
We are We´re We are not We aren´t Are we?
She is She´s She is not She isn´t Is she?
He is He´s He is not He isn´t Is he?
It is It´s It is not It isn´t Is it?

Exercises. Verb to be
Complete the chart with the correct sentence. Use verb to be in present form.
 Affirmative Negative Interrogative
1. She is a teenager She is not a teenager Is she a teenager?
2. Are you an actor?
3. I am handsome.
4. Argelia isn´t a nurse.
5. Are Pablo and Mario friends?
6. The camera is new.
7. My kitchen isn´t dirty
8. Is she here?
9. Guzman is my last
name
10. My cat is not black.

Circle the correct verb to be in each sentence

1. I am/is/ are happy 6. Mary am/is/ are tall and thin
2. She am/is/ are teacher 7. Angela and Irving am/is/ are siblings
3. We am/is/ are students 8. London am/is/ are in England
4. You am/is/ are my grandson 9. Carlos am/is/ are a comedian
5. He am/is/ are from Italy 10.Azucena and I am/is/ are actresses

Read the text and underline all the examples of verb to be

Hello! My name is Sarah, and I am twelve years old. I want to introduce you to my family. We are
a close-knit group, and everyone is special in their own
way.
My father is John. He is an engineer and loves to build
things. He is very smart and always helps me with my
homework. My mother is Emma. She is a teacher at the
local school. She is kind and patient, and she loves to
read books. She is my role model.
I have a brother and a sister. My brother’s name is Tom.
He is ten years old. He is very energetic and loves to
play soccer. He is always running around the house. My
sister is Lily. She is only five years old. She is very cute
and loves to draw pictures. She is always smiling and
makes everyone happy.
My grandfather is James. He is retired, but he used to be a doctor. He is very wise and tells us
many interesting stories about his life. My grandmother is Mary. She is an excellent cook and
always makes delicious meals for us. She is very caring and looks after all of us.
We have a dog and a cat. Our dog’s name is Max. He is very playful and loves to go for walks.
Our cat is named Bella. She is very calm and loves to sit on our laps.
Together, we are a happy family. We love spending time together, whether we are playing
games, watching movies, or going on trips. Family is very important to me, and I am grateful for
each one of them.
Read the statements about the text. Are they true or false? Write a T if the statement
is true or an F if the statement is false
1. Sarah is twelve years old. ______ 7. Mary, Sarah's grandmother, is a great
2. Sarah's father is a teacher. ______ cook. ______
3. Sarah's mother loves to read books. 8. The family has a dog named Max and a
______ cat named Bella. ______
4. Tom, Sarah's brother, is five years old. 9. Bella, the cat, is very playful and loves
______ to go for walks. ______
5. Lily, Sarah's sister, enjoys drawing 10.The family dislikes spending time
pictures. ______ together. ______
6. Sarah's grandfather is still working as a
doctor. ______

Complete the sentences with WAS or WERE

1. John _________ at home last week.
2. We _________ at the cinema yesterday.
3. Michael _________ in the hospital last week. He _________ sick.
4. We _________ in China,
5. Alejandro and Selene _________ at school this morning.
Read the next sentences and detect the error, if there is one and circle it.
1. She is very happy today. 6. He were absent from school last week.
2. They was at the park yesterday. 7. The children was playing in the garden.
3. I am not sure if he are coming. 8. She are always on time.
4. My friends are going to the party 9. I were very excited about the trip.
tonight. 10.They is not going to the concert.
5. The book were on the table last night.

The hour
Dar la hora en inglés es un aspecto básico del idioma que se puede aprender fácilmente con un
poco de práctica.

1. Ejemplos de distintas horas

 1:00 a.m. → "One o'clock in the morning"

 7:45 a.m. → "Quarter to eight in the morning"
 12:00 p.m. → "Twelve o'clock" (o "Noon")
 5:30 p.m. → "Half past five in the afternoon" (o "Five thirty in the evening")
 10:15 p.m. → "Quarter past ten at night"

2. Otros términos útiles

 Midnight: Medianoche (12:00 a.m.)

 Noon: Mediodía (12:00 p.m.)

3.Resumen de estructuras básicas

1. Horas en punto:
 o1:00 → "One o'clock"
o2:00 → "Two o'clock"
2. Minutos después de la hora:
o 2:05 → "Five past two"
o 3:15 → "Quarter past three"
o 4:30 → "Half past four"
3. Minutos antes de la hora:
o 3:45 → "Quarter to four"
o 5:50 → "Ten to six"

Exercises. The hour

Write the correct hours. Use the words that represents the number.

3:05 - "It's ______________."

11:20 - "It's ______________."

4:50 - "It's ______________."

7:15 - "It's ______________."

10:00 - "It's ______________."

Match the hours

12:00 p.m. a) "It's ten to eleven at night."

7:45 a.m. b) "It's quarter to eight in the morning."
6:30 p.m. c) "It's noon."
1:15 p.m. d) "It's half past six in the evening."
10:50 p.m. e) "It's quarter past one in the afternoon."

Draw the hands and represent the correct hour

8:00 a.m. 1:45 p.m. 5:20 p.m. 11:35 a.m. 9:10 p.m.
The alphabet
El dominio del alfabeto en inglés no solo es una habilidad básica, sino que también es la puerta
de entrada a una comunicación efectiva y a un aprendizaje continuo. A medida que los
estudiantes progresan en su conocimiento del alfabeto, desarrollan una base sólida para todas
las demás habilidades lingüísticas, lo que les permite participar plenamente en el mundo
académico, profesional y social.
Exercises. The alphabet
Order the words in alphabetical order
Pear, Table, Sun, Red, Lion, Watermelon, Apple, Banana, Guava, Chair, Moon, Star, Blue, Tiger,
Elephant, Giraffe, Green, Desk, Lamp, Sky, Cloud, Shelf, Zebra, Purple
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24

Order the words from the last exercise in the correct columns. Write them in
alphabetical order

Furniture Animals Colors Fruits Astronomy