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RO速记顺口溜

资料分类：备考加油包
版本编号2024.03 第三版

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RO速记口诀
适用于：复习时间不够，目标分要求不高，考前想要快速复习一遍RO的同学
教研团会持续更新哦~

1) SEPAHUA, a ramshackle town on the edge of Peru’s Amazonjungle, nestles 翻译

in a pocket on the map where a river of the same name flows into the 1) 塞帕瓦是秘鲁亚马逊丛林边缘的一个摇摇欲坠的小镇，它依偎在地图
Urubamba. 上 的一个口袋里，这有一条同名的河流流入乌鲁班巴河。 1) SEPAHUA是小破镇 1) SEPAHUA、a ramshackle
2) That pocket denotes a tiny patch of legally loggable land sandwiched 2) 这个口袋指的是夹在四个自然保护区之间的一小块合法可砍伐的土地 2) 口袋指合法采集 town
between four natural reserves, all rich in mahogany and accessible from the ， 3) WWF规范伐木 2) pocket、legally loggable
Peru
1
Timber - town. 这些自然保护区都盛产红木，从镇上可以到达。一位当地的伐木工人说: 4) 废除年度合同制 land 3) WWF、regulate logging

SEPAHUA “ Boundaries are on maps,” says a local logger, “ maps are only in Lima,” “地 图上有界线，地图上只有首都利马有。”(考试中在从镇上后结束) 5. 拍卖地图采伐权 4) abolished、annual contracts
the capital. (考试中在from the town后结束) 3) 2001年，在环保组织世界自然基金会(WWF)的怂恿下，政府试图对允 5. auctioned、map、right
3) In 2001 the government, egged on by WWF, a green group, tried to regulate 许 伐木的秘鲁亚马逊地区相对较小的区域进行监管。
logging in the relatively small part of the Peruvian Amazon where this is 4) 废除了以前的年度合同制度。
allowed. 4) It abolished the previous system of annual contracts. 5. 相反，它拍卖了在地图上划分的区域40年的采伐权，并有权每年开采
5) Instead, it auctioned 40-year concessions to areas ruled off on a map, with 该 区域5%的木材。目的是鼓励严格的管理计划和可持续开采。”
the
right to log 5% of the area each year.The aim was to encourage strict
management plans and sustainable extraction.

1)Mandarin is the most common language in the world as it is the official 翻译

language of China, and one the official languages of Singapore. 1)普通话是世界上最常用的语言，因为它是中国的官方语言，也是

2)Thus, Mandarin is commonly referred to as Chinese. 新加坡的官方语言之一。 1) Mandarin、official language
Mandarin 3)But in fact, it is just one of many Chinese languages. 2)因此，普通话通常被称为汉语。 1) 普通话是官方语言 2) Chinese
2 3)但事实上，它只是中国众多语言中的一种。 2) 称为汉语 3) one of Chinese
4)Depending on the region, Chinese people also speak Wu, Hunanese, Ji
3) 中国语言的一种 4) Chinese、speak、other
angxinese, Hakka, Min, and many other languages. 4)根据地区的不同，中国人也说吴语、湖南话、江话、客家话、闽
4) 中国人也说其他语言 languages
5)Even in one province, there can be multiple languages spoken. 话和许多其他语言。
5）一个省多种语言 5）one province、multiple
6)For example, in Fujian province, you can hear Min, Fuzhounese, and Ma 5)即使在一个省，也可能有多种语言。
6）福建省听到闽语、福 languages
ndarin being spoken, each being very distinct from the other. 6)例如，在福建省，你可以听到闽话、福州话和普通话，每一种都
州话 6)Fujian province、Min、
非常不同。
Fuzhounese

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1）For many years, I had been thinking of writing a book. 翻译

2）Not an ordinary book, but a literature book. 1)多年来，我一直想写一本书。 1) 写一本书 1) writing a book
Writing a 3）I would do extensive literature reading and think about how I could 2)不是普通的书，而是文学书。 2) 非普通，是文学 2) not ordinary, literature
3 book do as well as they had done. 3)我会广泛阅读文学作品，并思考如何才能做得像他们一样好。 3) 阅读和思考 3) reading, think about

4)我所做的就是你需要做的。 4) 你需要做 4) you, need to do

4）What I did is what you will need to do.

1) It is wrong, however, to exaggerate the similarity between language and

other cognitive skills, because language stands apart in several ways. 翻译： 1) to exaggerate the similarity
2) For one thing, the use of language is universal - all normally developing 1) 然而，夸大语言和其他认知技能之间的相似性是错误的，因为语言在 1) 夸大语言相似很离谱 between language、It is wrong
children learn to speak at least one language, and many learn more than one. 许 多方面是不同的。 2) 小孩子会说多种语言 2) children、many learn more
4 Language 3) By contrast, not everyone becomes proficient at complex mathematical 2) 首先，语言的使用是普遍的——所有正常发育的儿童都至少会说一种语 3) 相反大家不会数画音 than one.
reasoning, few people learn to paint well, and many people cannot carry a 言，许多人还会不止一种。 4) 语言看似简单至极 3) By contrast、mathematical、
tune. 4) Because everyone is capable of learning to speak and understand 3)相比之下，不是每个人都能精通复杂的数学推理，很少人能把画画好， 5. 语言实则最为复杂 paint、tune
language, it may seem to be simple. 还有很多人不能调音。 4) it may seem to be simple.
5) But just the opposite is true - language is one of the most complex of all 4) 因为每个人都有能力学习说和理解语言，这看起来可能很简单。 但事 5. language is one of the most
human cognitive abilities 实恰恰相反——语言是人类所有认知能力中最复杂的一种。 complex

1) Jet stream, narrow, swift currents or tubes of air found at heights ranging 1)急流，在地球表面上方7 - 8英里(11) 3- 12)9公里)的高度发现的狭窄的
from 7 to 8mi (11) 3- 12)9 km) above the surface of the earth. 、 快速的气流或管道。 1) 什么是急流 1) Jet stream
2) They are caused by great temperature differences between adjacent air 2) 它们是由相邻气团之间的巨大温差造成的。有四种主要的急流。 2) 四种急流的原因 2) caused、four majorjet
5 Jet Stream masses. Thereare four major jet streams. 3)射流不是沿着直线运动，而是以波浪式的方式流动;海浪向东传播(在北 3) 波浪流动风速慢 streams. 3) wavelike fashion、
3) Instead of moving along a straight line, the jet stream flows in a wavelike 半 球)的速度比风速本身要慢得多。 4) 顺风逆风不一样 slower than the wind speed
fashion; the waves propagate eastward (in the Northern Hemisphere) at 4) 因为飞机的前进是受到顺风还是逆风的帮助或阻碍。 5. 北半球要省燃料 4) tail winds、head winds
speeds considerably slower than the wind speed itself. 在北半球，向东飞行的飞机为了提高速度和节省燃料而寻求急流，而向西 5. Northern Hemisphere、save
4) Since the progress of an airplane is aided or impeded depending on whether 飞行的飞机则避开急流。 fuel
tail winds or head winds are encountered.
5) In the Northern Hemisphere the jet stream is sought by eastbound aircraft, in
order togain speed and save fuel, and avoided by westbound aircraft.

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1) A University of Canberra student has launched the nation's first father-led

literacy project, to encourage fathers to become more involved in their 1) Canberra、launched the
children's literacy. 翻译： nation's first father-led literacy
2) Julia Bocking's Literacy and Dads (LADS) project aims to increase the 1）堪培拉大学的一名学生发起了该国第一个以父亲为主导的扫盲项目， 1) 堪培拉发起项目 project
6 The father- number of 以 鼓励父亲更多地参与其子女的扫盲工作。 2) 旨在教爸爸识字 2) aims to increase the number
led literacy fathers participating as literacy helpers in K-2 school reading programs at 2)朱莉娅·博金（Julia Bocking）的扫盲与爸爸（LADS）项目旨在增加 3) 博金帮男人阅读 of fathers participating as
project Queanbeyan Primary Schools. 参加 昆比恩小学K-2学校阅读计划的扫盲父亲的数量。 4) 男人能读是榜样 literacy
3) Having worked as a literacy tutor with teenagers, Ms. Bocking saw the need 3)博金女士曾在青少年时期担任识字辅导老师，他认为需要在更多的男性 3) Ms. Bocking、help of more
for 榜样的帮助下早日形成良好的阅读态度。 male role models.
good attitudes towards reading to be formed early on - with the help of more 4) 她说，“重视阅读的男性为他们树立了榜样，特别是对于年轻男孩来 4) male、reading、role model
male role models. 说， 从统计学上讲，他们更可能参加补救识字计划。”
4) She said. "A male that values reading sets a powerful role model,
particularly for young boys, who are statistically more likely to end up in
remedial literacy
program."

1)O'Keeffe never formally recorded her theories about art. 翻译：

2)She did, however, leave a long trail of interviews and letters that reveal
how she approached her painting practice--and the rituals, experiences, 1) 奥基夫从未正式记录她的艺术理论。 1) recorded，theories about

and environments that inspired her. 2) 然而，她确实留下了一长串的采访和信件，揭示了她是如何进 1)记录艺术理论 art

7 2) 采访信件揭示实践 2) interviews and letters，
3)Correspondence with her husband, photographer Alfred Stieglitz, in 行绘画实践的——以及启发她的仪式、经历和环境。
O'Keeffe 3) 得到创作思想 reveal ，practice
particular, offers a raw, honest glimpse into O'Keeffe's creative mind. 3) 尤其是她与丈夫——摄影师阿尔弗雷德·斯蒂格利茨(Alfred
4) 作为艺术家的声音
4)The two exchanged 25,000 pages of letters between 1915 and 1946, Stieglitz)的通信，让我们得以一窥奥基夫的创作思想。 3) creative mind

during which time she found her voice as an artist: first, through her 4) 两人在1915年至1946年间交换了2.5万页的信件，在此期间， 4) her voice as an artist

flower paintings, and later, through landscapes and surrealistic still lifes 她发现了自己作为艺术家的声音:首先是通过她的花卉画，后来是受
inspired by her mountainous, skull-studded surroundings in New Mexico. 她在新墨西哥州山区、头骨点缀的周围环境的启发，通过风景画和
超现实主义静物画。

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1) In 1992 a retired engineer in San Diego contracted a rare brain disease that
wiped outhis memory. 翻译： 1) 1992、engineer、brain
2) Every day he was asked where the kitchen was in his house, and every day he 1) 1992年，圣地亚哥的一名退休工程师患上了一种罕见的脑病，彻底丧 1) 92工程师脑疾 disease
didn'thave the foggiest idea. 失 了记忆。 2) 不知道厨房在哪 2) kitchen、didn'thave the
8 Memory 3) Yet whenever he was hungry he got up and propelled himself straight to the 2)每天都有人问他，厨房在他家的什么地方，他每天都一点概念也没有。 3) 饿了就去厨房吃 foggiest idea
losing kitchen to get something to eat. 3)然而，每当他饿了，他就站起来，径直走到厨房去拿东西吃。 4) 习惯和记忆无关 3) hungry、straight to the
4) Studies of this man led scientists to a breakthrough: the part of our brains 4) 对这个人的研究使科学家们取得了突破:我们大脑中储存习惯的那一部 kitchen to get something to eat.
where habits are stored has nothing to do with memory or reason. It offered 分 与记忆或理性无关。这证明了一个多世纪前美国心理学家威廉•詹姆斯 4) habits are stored has nothing
proof of what the US psychologist William James noticed more than a century 所注 意到的——人类只不过是行走的习惯的捆绑物。 to do with memory or reason.
agothat humans"are mere walking bundles of habits

1) At the beginning of the 1990s, foreign aid had begun to slowly improve. 翻译：
2) Scrutiny by the news media shamed many developed countries into curbing 1) 从上世纪90年代开始，外国援助开始缓慢改善。 1) 1990、foreign aid had begun
their bad practices. 2)新闻媒体的密切关注使许多发达国家感到羞愧，迫使它们遏制不良行为 1) 90援助始改善 to slowly improve.
9 Foreign Aid 3) Today,the projects of organizations like the World Bank are meticulously 。 2) 媒体让发达羞愧 2) media、 developed countries
inspected by watchdog groups. 3)如今，像世界银行这样的组织的项目都受到监督团体的严格检查。 3) 今天世行被检查 、
4) Although the system is far from perfect, it is certainly more transparent than 4) 尽管这一体系远非完美，但它肯定比外国援助常常帮助残暴的独裁者 4) 虽不完美但透明 shamed
it was when foreign aid routinely helped ruthless dictators stay in power. 掌 权时更加透明。 3) Today、World Bank、
inspected 4) Although、 is far
from perfect、 transparent

1）Another common mistake is to ignore or rule out data which do not support
thehypothesis. 翻译：
2)Ideally, the experimenter is open to the possibility that the hypothesis is 1) 另一个常见的错误是忽略或排除不支持该假设的数据。 1) 另一个常见错误 1) Another common mistake
correct orincorrect. 2)理想情况下，实验者对假设正确与否的可能性持开放态度。 2) 理想状态开放态度 2) Ideally、open
10 Hypothesis 3)Sometimes, however, a scientist may have a strong belief that the hypothesis 3)然而，有时，科学家可能有一个强烈的信念，认为假设是正确的(或错 3) 但科学家要结果 3) scientist、result
is 误 的)，或感到内部或外部的压力，要获得特定的结果。 4) 心理倾向来检查 4) psychological tendency、be
true (orfalse), or feels internal or external pressure to get a specific result. 4) 在这种情况下，可能会有一种心理倾向，用不支持科学家预期的数据 5. 所有数据要处理 checked
4) In that case, there may be a psychological tendency to find "something 来 发现“错误的东西”，例如系统效应，而与这些预期一致的数据可能 5. all data、 must be handled
wrong", 不会 被同样仔细地检查。
such assystematic effects, with data which do not support the scientist's 5.教训是所有数据都必须以相同的方式处理。
expectations, while data which do agree with those expectations may not be
checked as carefully.
5）The lesson is that all data must be handled in the same way.

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1)During the 1920s and 1930s, great progress was made inthe field of aviation, 翻译：
including the first transatlantic flight of Alcock and Brown in 1919, Charles 1) 在20世纪20年代到30年代，航空领域取得了巨大的进步，包括阿尔科 1) great progress was made
Lindbergh's solo transatlantic flight in 1927, and Charles Kingsford Smith's 克 和布朗在1919年的第一次跨大西洋飞行，1927年查尔斯 ·林德伯格的 1) 航空领域大进步 inthe field of aviation
11 Aviation transpacific flight the following year. 单人 跨大西洋飞行，以及查尔斯 ·金斯福德 ·史密斯在次年进行的跨太平 2) 客运航空来开启 2) passenger airline service
2)One of the most successful designs of this period was the Douglas DC-3, 洋飞行。 3) 二战城镇建机场 3) WorldWar II、many towns
which 2) 这一时期最成功的设计之一是道格拉斯DC-3，它成为第一架完全搭载 4) 喷气飞机和火箭 and citieshad built airports
became the first airliner to be profitable carrying passengers exclusively, 乘客的盈利客机，开启了客运航空服务的现代时代。 4) jet aircraft、rockets
starting the modern era of passenger airline service. 3)到第二次世界大战开始时，许多城镇都建立了机场，有了许多合格的飞
3)By the beginning of WorldWar II, many towns and citieshad built airports, and 行员。
there were numerous qualified pilots available. 4) 战争给航空带来了许多创新，包括第一架喷气式飞机和第一枚液体燃
4) The war brought many innovations to aviation, includingthe first jet aircraft 料火箭。
and the first liquid-fueled rockets.

1) Wal-Mart's core shoppers are running out of money much faster than a year 翻译：
ago due to rising gasoline prices, and the retail giant is worried, CEO Mike Duke 1）首席执行官迈克·杜克（Mike Duke）周三表示，由于汽油价格上涨， 1) 沃尔玛担心油价上涨 1) Wal-Mart's、rising gasoline
said 沃尔玛的核心购物者用完钱的速度比一年前快得多，这家零售业巨头对此 2) 杜克说压力很大 prices
12 Wal-Mart Wednesday. 感到担忧。 3) 顾客工资买东西 2) Duke、under a lot of
2) "We're seeing core consumers under a lot of pressure," Duke said at an event 2)杜克在纽约的一次活动上说：“我们看到核心消费者承受着很大的压力 4) 顾客的钱花光光 pressure
in New York. "There's no doubt that rising fuel prices are having an impact." 。” “毫无疑问，燃油价格上涨正在产生影响。” 5. 购物量有在下降 3) shoppers、paycheck
3) Wal-Mart shoppers, many of whom live paycheck to paycheck, typically shop 3)沃尔玛购物者中的许多人都是用薪水支付薪水的，通常会在他们的薪水 4) running out of money
in 到来的月初开始批量购物。 5. Purchases are really dropping
bulk at the beginning of the month when their paychecks come in. 4) 最近，他们正在以更快的速度“耗尽金钱”，他说。 off
4) Lately, they're "running out of money" at a faster clip, he said. 5）杜克说：“到月底，购买量确实比去年下降了很多。这个月末（购买
5)"Purchases are really dropping off by the end of the month even more than ） 的周期越来越引起人们的关注。
last year," Duke said. "This end-of-month [purchases] cycle is growing to be a
concern.

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1) When Vijay Govindarajan and Christian Sarkar wrote a blog entry on Harvard 翻译
Business Review in August 2010 mooting the idea of a “ $300-house for the 1）2010年8月，当Vijay Govindarajan和Christian Sarkar在《哈佛商业
poor were merely expressing a suggestion. “. 评论 》上写博客条目时，提出了“为穷人提供300美元的住房只是在表达 1) 300-house for the poor
Harvard 2) Of course, the idea we present here is an experiment,” wrote Prof 建议”的 想法。 1) 300美元为穷人房 2) issues an almost apologetic
13 Business Govindarajan, a professor of international business at the Tuck School of 2)当然，我们在此提出的想法是实验，达特茅斯塔克商学院国际商务教授 2) 为该想法而道歉 disclaimer
Review Business at Dartmouth and Mr Sarkar, a marketing consultant who works on Govindarajan教授和从事环境问题研究的市场咨询顾问Sarkar先生对提 3) 怎么可能300块 3) Who could create a house for
environmental issues an almost 出了 一个“遥远的”想法表示歉意。 4) 尽管如此找卖家 $300
apologetic disclaimer for having such a “far-out” idea. 3)谁能花300美元建造房子，如果有可能，为什么以前没有做过呢？ 4) Nonetheless、Are there any
3) Who could create a house for $300 and if it was possible, why hadn’t it been 4) 尽管如此，他们还是在挑战中关闭了博客：“我们问首席执行官，政 takers
done before? 府， 非政府组织，基金会：有没有接受者？
4) Nonetheless, they closed their blog with a challenge: “We ask chief
executives, governments, NGOs, foundations: Are there any takers?”

1)Anyone wanting to get to the top of international business, medicine or 翻译

academia (but possibly not sport) needs to be able to speak English to a pretty 1）任何想达到国际商务，医学或学术界的最高水平（但可能不是运动水 1 Anyone、speak English
high level. 平）的人都必须具备很高的英语水平。 1) 每个人要说英语 2) needs to know how to talk
2)Equally, any native English speaker wanting to deal with these new high 2)同样，任何想与这些新学英语打交道的英语为母语的人，都需要知道如 2) 说英语不能乱说 without baffling them.
14 Speak achievers needs to know how to talk without baffling them. 何和他们交谈而不致于使他们感到困惑。 3) 他们不知英语难 3) English-speakers 、have little
English 3)Because so many English-speakers today are monoglots, they have little idea 3)因为今天有很多以英语为母语的人本来就会说英语，所以他们几乎不知 4) 要多说话不拘礼 idea how difficult it is
how difficult it is to master another language. 道掌握另一种语言有多困难。 5. 俗语真真很难懂 4) chatty and informal
4) Many think the best way to make foreigners understand is to be chatty and 4) 许多人认为让外国人懂得自己的最好方法是多交流和口语化一些。 5. colloquial expressions、it
informal. 5）这看起来似乎很友好，但是由于可能涉及使用口语表达，这会使理解 makes comprehension harder
5)This may seem friendly but, as it probably involves using colloquial 变 得更加困难。
expressions, it makes comprehension harder.

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1) It was there that Rosa Parks, an African American woman, refused to vacate 翻译：
her 1） 在那里，非裔美国妇女罗莎·帕克斯拒绝腾出她的座位在公共汽车中 1) Rosa Parks不让座 1) Rosa Parks、 refused to
seat in the middle of the bus so that a white man could sit in her place. 间，以便一个白人男子可以坐在她的地方。 2) 她不让座就被捕 vacate
15 Rosa Parks 2) She was arrested for her civil disobedience. 2) 她因公民不服从而被捕。 3) 大家一起来抵制 her seat
3) Parks’ arrest, a coordinated tactic meant to spark a grassroots movement, 3)帕克斯的被捕，一种旨在引发草根运动的协同策略，成功地催化了蒙哥 4) Parks因此来代言 2) She was arrested
succeeded in catalyzing the Montgomery bus boycott. 马利巴士的抵制。 5. Claudette Colvin也被 3) boycott
4) Parks was chosen by King as the face for his campaign because of Parks’ 4) 帕克斯被金选作他竞选的代言人，因为帕克斯在社区的良好地位，她 捕 4) the face for his campaign
good standing with the community, her employment, and her marital status. 的 5. Claudette Colvin、 had been
5) Earlier in 1955, Claudette Colvin, a 15-year old African American girl, had 就业，以及她的婚姻状况。 arrested for the same crime
been arrested for the same crime. However, King and his civil rights 6）1955年早些时候，15岁的非洲裔美国女孩克劳德特·科尔文因同一罪
compatriots did not feel that she would serve as an effective face for the civil 行 被捕。然而，金和他的民权同胞并不认为她会成为民权运动的有效面
rights campaign. 孔。

1)Ever since the completion of the Great Western Railway, in the 1840s, intrigue 翻译：
has swirled around the Box Tunnel, a long, steep bypass near Bath, England. 1)自从19世纪40年代西部大铁路竣工以来，围绕着英国巴斯附近一条又
2)The question was this: did the railway’s creator, Isambard Kingdom Brunel, 长 又陡的旁路Box隧道的阴谋诡计就一直萦绕不去。 1) 1840西铁路 1) 1840s、Great Western
Railway really have the tunnel carved in such a way that when the sun rose on his 2)问题是这样的:这条铁路的创造者，Isambard Kingdom Brunel，真的 2) 阳光洒满隧道里 Railway 2) sun、it would be
16 profile (与 birthday – April 9th – it would be flooded with light? 把隧 道刻成这样，当他的生日——4月9日——太阳升起的时候，它会充满 3) 工程师们验谣言 flooded with light
真题内容有 3)This past Sunday, April 9th, the railway’s current engineers decided to test 阳光 吗? 4) 东侧路口可爱V 3) engineers、 test the rumor
出入，但内 the rumor once and for all. They weren’t disappointed. 3)上个星期天，4月9日，铁路的现任工程师们决定一劳永逸地测试这个谣 5. 西侧路口平平常 4) the east portal、lovely V-
容 类似) 4) ”When you look from the east portal, the cutting provides a lovely V-shape, 言。他们没有失望。 shape 5. the west side’s view
” communications manager Paul Gentleman told the Guardian. 4) “ 当你从东面入口往下看时，会看到一个可爱的v型切割。公关经理 、wasn’t
5)While the west side’s view wasn’t quite so impressive, the engineers Paul Gentleman告诉《卫报》。 quite so impressive
generously chalked that up to centuries of dirt and grime. 5)虽然西区的景色并没有那么令人印象深刻，但工程师们慷慨地把它归因
于几个世纪以来的尘土和污垢。

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1) It is a truism to say that in 21st century society science and technology are 翻译： 1) science and technology are
important. 1) 不言而喻，在21世纪的社会里，科学技术是很重要的。 1) 科学技术很重要 important.
17 Science 2) Human existence in the developed world is entirely dependent on some 2)发达世界人类的生存完全依赖于科学技术的一些最近的发展。 2) 发达世界求发展 2) developed world、
and fairly recent developments in science and technology. 3)当然，这是好是坏还有待商榷。 3) 好和坏还不一定 developments
technology 3) Whether this is good or bad is, of course, up for argument. 4) 但不可否认的是，科学强调了我们的生活、健康、工作、交流、娱乐 4) 科学强调多方面 3)Whether this is good or bad
4) But the fact that science underlines our lives, our health, our work, our 和 交通。 4) science underlines
communications, our entertainment and our transport in undeniable.

1) Over the years many human endeavors have had the benefit of language.
2) In particular a written language can convey a lot of information about past 翻译 1) 人类得益于语言 1) human、enefit of language.
events, places, people and things. 1) 多年来，人类的许多努力都得益于语言。 2) 书面语言很厉害 2) written language
18 Describe 3) But it is difficult to describe music in words, and even more difficult to 2) 特别是，书面语言可以传达很多关于过去的事件、地点、人和事的信 3) 描述音乐很困难 3) difficult to describe music i
Music specify a tune. 息。 4) 乐谱发展立大功 4) development of a standard
4) It was the development of a standard musical notation in the 11th century 3)但是用语言来描述音乐是困难的，更困难的是指定一个曲调。 5. 音乐能够传下去 musical notation
that allowed music to be documented in a physical form. 4) 在11世纪，标准乐谱的发展使得音乐能够以实物形式记录下来。 5. music、succeeding
5) Now music could be communicated efficiently, and succeeding generations 5. 现在，音乐可以有效地交流，后代将会对他们祖先的音乐有所了解。 generations
would know something about the music of their ancestors.

1)Whatever happened to the idea of progress and a better future? I still believe
in both. 翻译：
2)The Brundtland Report, Our Common Future (1987), defines sustainable 1)进步和更美好未来的理念到底怎么了?我仍然相信两者。 1) 进步和美好未来 1) progress and a better future
development as “development which meets the needs of the present without 2)布伦特兰报告《我们共同的未来》(1987)将可持续发展定义为“既满足 2) 共同未来的报告 2) Our Common Future
19 Sustainable compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs” . 当 代人的需要，又不损害后代人满足其自身需要的发展”。 3) 想想旧发展模式 3) the old pattern of
developme 3)Implicit in this definition is the idea that the old pattern of development 3)这个定义隐含的意思是旧的发展模式不能持续下去。这是真的吗? 4) 过去增长和创新 development
nt could not be sustained. Is this true? 4) 过去发展靠的是增长和创新。它带来了新技术和生活水平的巨大提高 5. 活在借来时间里 4) growth and innovation
4) Development in the past was driven by growth and innovation. It led to new 。 5. living on borrowed time.
technologies and huge improvements in living standards. 5)认为我们知道未来几代人的情况或需要是错误的，这不可避免地会导致
5)To assume that we know what the circumstances or needs of future 一种使人衰弱的感觉，即我们活在借来的时间里。
generations will be is mistaken and inevitably leads to the debilitating sense
that we are living on borrowed time.

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翻译：
1)Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence have long been intrigued by 1)长期以来，人工智能领域的研究人员一直对游戏感兴趣，而不仅仅是为
games, and not just as a way of avoiding work. 了逃避工作。 1) artificial intelligence、
2)Games provide an ideal setting to explore important elements of the design 2)游戏提供了一个理想的环境来探索智能机器设计的重要元素，如模式识 1) 人工智能爱游戏 intrigued by games
20 IBMAI Deep of clever machines, such as pattern recognition, learning and planning. 别、学习和规划。 2) 游戏提供好环境 2) Games provide an ideal
blue 3)Ever since the stunning victory of Deep Blue, a program running on an IBM 3)自从1997年在IBM超级计算机上运行的程序“深蓝”(Deep Blue)击败 3) 深蓝打败大冠军 3) victory of Deep Blue
supercomputer, over Gary Kasparov, then world chess champion, in 1997, it 当时的 国际象棋世界冠军加里•卡斯帕罗夫(Gary Kasparov)取得令人震惊 4) 如今真是全碾压 4) Today、attack on every
has been clear that computers would dominate that particular game. 的胜利以 来，人们就清楚地认识到，计算机将主宰这一特殊的游戏。 front.
4) Today, though, they are pressing the attack on every front. 4) 然而，今天他们在各方面都加紧了进攻。

1) Many people face serious financial crisis when they are only 20-30 years old. 翻译： 1) 20-30 years old, financial
2) This is because they do not really pay attention to their daily spending, and 许多人在20-30岁的时候就面临严重的经济危机。 1) 20-30岁遇危机 crisis 2) daily spending
21 Financial has poured their spending on buying. 这是因为他们没有真正注意到他们的日常支出，而把他们的支出都花在了 2)不顾日常开支 3) paying piling credit card loan
crisis 3) This will lead to them paying piling credit card loan and monthly payments. 购买上。 3) 月供堆积如山 and monthly payments.
at young 4) Although they can have student loan, people should… (giving suggestion) 这将导致他们支付堆积信用卡贷款和月供。 4) 虽有学生贷款.... 4) student loan,
age 虽然他们可以有学生贷款，人们应该… …

1) International Economics: Theory and Policy is a proven approach in which 翻译：

each half of the book leads with an intuitive introduction to theory and 1)《国际经济学:理论与政策》是一种行之有效的方法，书的每半部分都 1) International Economics，
follows with self- contained chapters to cover key policy applications. 以 对理论的直观介绍开头，然后用独立的章节介绍关键的政策应用。 1) 国际经济有方法 approach
2) The Eighth Edition integrates the latest research, data, and policy in hot 2)第八版整合了外包、经济地理、贸易与环境、金融衍生品、次贷危机、 2) 八版融合新研究 2) The Eighth Edition，the
22 Internation topics such as outsourcing, economic geography, trade and environment, 中国汇率政策等热点话题的最新研究、数据和政策。 3) 新八版增My Lab latest research
al financial 3)第八版新增了所有章节结尾的问题都集成到MyEconLab中，这是一个 4) 学生得反馈 3) New for the Eighth Edition，
Economics derivatives, the subprime crisis, and China’s exchange rate policies. 在 线评估和教程系统。 MyEconLab,
3) New for the Eighth Edition, all end-of-chapter problems are integrated into 4) 学生可以得到即时的、有针对性的反馈，教师可以鼓励学生练习，而 4) Students，feedback
MyEconLab, the online assessment and tutorial system that accompanies the 不 需要手工评分。更多信息请访问MyEconLab。
text. 4) Students get instant, targeted feedback, and instructors can
encourage practice without needing to grade work by hand. For more
information visit MyEconLab.

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1) Many students sit in a tutorial week after week without saying anything. 翻译： 1) without saying anything.
2)Why is that? 1)许多学生一周又一周地坐在辅导班里，一句话也不说。 1) 学生课上默不作声 2) Why is that?
3)Maybe they do not know the purpose of a tutorial. 2)为什么呢? 2) 为什么 3) the purpose of a tutorial
23 Tutorial 4) They think it is like a small lecture where the tutor gives them information. 3)也许他们不知道辅导的目的。 3) 不知辅导目的 4) the tutor gives them
5)Even if students do know what a tutorial is for, there can be other reasons 4) 他们认为这就像一个小讲座，导师给他们提供信息。 4) 想导师给信息 information.
why they keep quiet. 5)即使学生们知道辅导课的目的，他们保持沉默可能还有其他原因。 5. 其他原因让沉默 5. other reasons why they keep
quiet.

原文出处：https://studfiles.net/preview/748436/page:3/
最后两句原文中是Fisrt, Second，并且两句话之间还有内容，但是考试中是没有出 翻译：
现 这两个明显的逻辑连接词的。 1)它被米塔尔公司收购，这是一家在荷兰注册的公司，由其最大的单一股 1) 印度老板Mittal 在伦敦 1) London, Mittal, an Indian
1)It was taken over by Mittal, a Dutch-registered company run from London by 东拉克希米· 米塔尔[Lakshmi Mittal]在伦敦经营。 经 营公司 2) The takeover battle, six
24 Arcelor V2 its biggest single shareholder, Lakshmi Mittal, an Indian who started his first 2) 这场收购战持续了六个月，直到阿塞洛的老板们最终听取了股东们的 2) 收购战持续6月 months 3) two things, both
business in Indonesia. 意 见，股东们希望董事会接受米塔尔的第三次出价 3) 两个好方面 positive.
2)The takeover battle raged for six months before Arcelor’s bosses finally 3)这个故事告诉我们关于欧洲商业的两件事，都是正能量的。 4 股东维权增加 4) Shareholder, increasing
listened to shareholders who wanted the board to accept Mittal’s third offer. 4) 在欧洲大陆，股东维权行动日益增多，直到不久前，这种情况还非常 5. 欧洲融入全球经济 5. global economy.
3)The story tells us two things about European business, both positive. 罕 见得令人沮丧。
4) Shareholder activism is increasing in a continent where until recently it was 5)更重要的是，阿塞洛-米塔尔的交易表明，欧洲正日益融入全球经济。
depressingly rare.
5)And more important, the Arcelor Mittal deal demonstrates Europe’s
deepening integration into the global economy.

1)Humans appear to be the only species which is able to translate their 翻译：
communication into another medium, and in this case the medium provides a 1)人类似乎是唯一能够将他们的交流转化为另一种媒介的物种，在这种情 1) 唯一物种人类转换交流 1) only species, translate
semi- durable record of the elements of the communication. 况下，这种媒介提供了对交流元素的半持续性记录。 去 媒介 communication into medium
25 Reading 2)So reading is a very special ability that we have. 2)所以阅读是我们拥有的一种非常特殊的能力。 2) 我们有阅读能力 2) The takeover battle, six
3)Reading also is special because, unlike language, most children have to be 3)阅读也很特别，因为与语言不同，大多数孩子需要学习阅读、写作和拼 3) 孩子需要会读写 months 3) two things, both
taught to read, write and spell. 写。 4) 通过他人帮助去完成 positive.
4) So though we may be predisposed to being able to read and usually have the 4) 因此，尽管我们可能倾向于能够阅读，并且通常具有掌握阅读的必要 4) Shareholder, increasing
abilities necessary to master reading, it is something that most of us only 能 力，但这是我们大多数人只能通过他人的直接帮助才能完成的事情。 5. global economy.
accomplish through the direct help of others.

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1)At 5:12 a.m. on April 18, 1906, the people of San Francisco were awakened by 翻译：
an earthquake that would devastate the city. 1)1906年4月18日凌晨5点12分，旧金山的人们被一场地震惊醒，这场地
2)The main temblor, having a 7.7–7.9 magnitude, lasted about one minute and 震 1) 地震摧毁城市 1) an earthquake，devastate
was the result of the rupturing of the northernmost 296 miles of the 800-mile 将摧毁这座城市。 2) 持续1分钟 the city
26 Earthquake San 2)主地震为7.7-7.9级，持续约1分钟，是800英里长的圣安德烈亚斯断层 3) 统计损失 2) asted about one minute
Andreas fault. 最 北端296英里断裂的结果。 4) 大火持续4天 3) calculating destruction
3)But when calculating destruction, the earthquake took second place to the 3)但在计算破坏程度时，地震排在第二位，紧随其后的是大火。 4) The fire, lasting four days
great fire that followed. 4) 这场火灾持续了四天，很可能是煤气管道破裂引起的(在某些情况下，
4) The fire, lasting four days, most likely started with broken gas lines (and, in 是 希望为自己的财产买保险的人帮了忙——他们买了火险，但没有买地震
some cases, was helped along by people hoping to collect insurance for their 险 和损害险)。
property—they were covered for fire, but not earthquake, damage).

1) Fibers suitable for clothing have been made for the first time from the wheat 翻译：
protein gluten. 1）首次由小麦蛋白麸制成适合于服装的纤维。 1) 纤维合适做衣服 1) Fibers suitable for clothing
2) The fibers are as strong and soft as wool and silk. 2)纤维像羊毛和丝绸一样坚硬而柔软。 2) 纤维硬柔相间 2) strong and soft
27 Fiber VS. 3) However, up to 30 times cheaper. 3)但是，便宜多达30倍。 3) 却更便宜 3) cheaper
Wool and 4) Narendra Reddy and Yiqi Yang, who produced the fibers at the University of 4) Narendra Reddy和Yiyi Yang，他们在林肯的内布拉斯加大学生产了这 4) 两人大学里生产纤维 4) Narendra Reddy and Yiqi
Silk Nebraska in Lincoln. 种 纤维。他说，由于它们是可生物降解的，因此可能会用于生物医学应 Yang，University
He says that because they are biodegradable, they might be used in biomedical 用，
applications such as surgical sutures. 例如外科手术缝合线。

1) In language learning there is a distinction between competence and 翻译：

performance. Competence is a state of the speaker’s mind. What he or she 1) 在语言学习中，能力和表现是有区别的。能力是说话者的一种心理状 1) distinction between
knows? 态 。他或她知道什么? 1) 区别能力和表现 competence and performance.
Competenc 2) Separate from actual performance-what he or she does while producing or 2)与实际表现分开——他或她在创造或理解语言时所做的事情。换句话 2) 能力通过表现来体现 2) competence is put to use
28 e VS. comprehending language. In other words, competence is put to use through 说，能力是通过表现体现出来的。 3) 司机知法规 through performance
Performanc performance. 3)可以类比一下《公路驾驶规范》。司机们知道这个规范，并且的确是根 4) 实际驾驶会打破它 3) Drivers know the Code
e 3) An analogy can be made to the Highway Code for driving. Drivers know the 据规范来考试，从而获取驾照。 5.两者不一样 4) actual driving， break it
Code and have indeed been tested on it to obtain a driving license. 4) 然而，在实际驾驶中，驾驶员必须将规范与不断变化的环境联系起来 5. not the same
4) In actual driving, however, the driver has to relate the Code to a continuous ， 甚至可能不时地破坏规范。
flow of changing circumstances, and may even break it from time to time. 5.知道驾驶规范和开车是不一样的。
5) Knowing the Highway Code is not the same as driving.

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1) For as long as I can remember, there has been a map in the ticket hall of 翻译：
PiccadillyCircus tube station supposedly showing night and day across the time 1) 从我记事起，皮卡迪利广场地铁站的售票大厅里就有一张地图，据说 1) a map, night and day
zones of theworld. 上 面显示了世界上不同时区的白天黑夜。 1) 地图显示昼夜 2) London Underground's
29 Map 2) This is somewhat surprising given the London Underground's historic 2)考虑到伦敦地铁历来难以把握守时的概念，这多少有些令人惊讶。 2) 伦敦地铁难准时 historic difficultly, punctuality
difficultly ingrasping the concept of punctuality. 3)但这张地图一直让我着迷，现在依然如此，尽管它现在看起来非常原始 3) 原始地图让我着迷 3) this map，fascinated,very
3) But this map has always fascinated me, and still does, even though it now 。 4) 因为它平均地分割世界 primitive
seems veryprimitive. 4) 这是因为它以经度平均分割世界，而不考虑政治分歧或季节变化的现 4) chops the world up equally
4) This is because it chops the world up equally by longitude, without regarding 实。
the reality of either political divisions or the changing seasons.

翻译：
1) There are more than 100 schools in the country. 1) 这个国家有一百多所学校。 1) 100多所学校 1) more than 100 schools
2) Do not ever choose a school without going to the place and having a look. 2) 不要还没去过就选择一所学校。一旦有机会，你就要去看一看。 2) 有机会要去看 2) go and see once you have a
You should go and see once you have a chance. 3) 你可以看看学校附近的设施和住宿。 3) 了解设施和住宿 chance.
30 School 3) You can see the facilities and accommodations around the school. 4) 因为你可能要住在那里。 4) 可能过去住 3) facilities and
choosing 4) Because you might be living there. 5. 而且这些也对你的学习有帮助。 5. 这些能有帮助 accommodations 4) can be
5. And they can be helpful to your study as well. helpful

1) In Montana as elsewhere, companies that have acquired older mines 翻译：

respond to demands to pay for cleanup in either of two ways. 1) 在蒙大拿州，和其他地方一样，收购老矿的公司对支付清理费用的要 1) 蒙大拿州 公司有两种 1) Montana, pay for cleanup,
2) Especially if the company is small, its owners may declare the company 求 有两种反应。 方 法清算 two
31 Bankrupt bankrupt, in some cases conceal its assets,and transfer their business efforts to 2)特别是在公司规模较小的情况下，其所有者可能会宣布公司破产，在某 2) 小公司可能破产 ways
other companies or to new companies that do not bear responsibility for 些情况下还会隐瞒公司的资产，并将其业务转移给其他公司或不承担清理 3) 大公司寻求最低成本 2) company is small, bankrupt
cleanup at the old mine. 旧煤矿责任的新公司。 4) 无论哪种情况，会危及 3) company is so large,
3) If the company is so large that it cannot claim that it would be bankrupted by 3)如果该公司规模太大，以至无法宣称自己将因清理成本而破产（就像我 人类 minimize the costs
cleanup costs (as in the case of ARCO that I shall discuss below), the company 下面会讨论的ARCO的情况一样），那么该公司要么否认自己的责任，要 4) In either case，endangering
instead denies its responsibility or else seeks to minimize the costs. 么美国联邦政府和蒙大拿州政府（最终所有的纳税人）通过联邦超级基金 people
4) In either case, either the mine site and areas downstream of it remain toxic, 和相应的蒙大拿州基金为清理工作买单。
thereby endangering people, or else the U.S. federal government and the
Montana state government (hence ultimately all taxpayers) pay for the cleanup
through the federal Superfund and a corresponding Montana state fund.

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1)Around 1 billion people depend on water resources originating from th 翻译：

e Hindu- 1)大约有10亿人依赖源自喜马拉雅地区兴都库什-喀喇昆仑山脉的水
Kush Karakoram Himalayan region, attributable to both rainfall and melt 资源，这是由于降雨和冰雪融化造成的。 1) 降雨和冰雪造成水资源 1) water resources, rainfal,

ing of snow and ice. 2)该地区山谷中的风在输送云和水分以及重新分配山谷中的雪方面 2) 风发挥作用 melting of snow and ice
32 Wind in 发挥着重要作用，因此了解是什么驱动了这种风是至关重要的。 3) 山谷风通常两侧吹 2) wind
2)The wind in the valleys in the region plays an important role in transpo
valleys 4) 压力差异造成 plays an important role
rting clouds and moisture and redistributing snow in the valleys, and so 3)在世界各地，山谷中的风通常在白天沿着山谷向上，沿着山的两
understanding what drives this wind is crucial. 侧向上吹。 3) wind，

3)Around the world, wind in valleys generally travels up the valley, and u 4)这通常是由山脉的斜坡和山谷的形状造成的压力差异造成的。 up the sides of mountains

p the sides of mountains, during the day. 4)

4)This is often driven by differences in pressure caused by the slopes of t differences in pressure cause

he mountains and the shape of the valleys. d

1) Heart attack is caused by the sudden blockage of a coronary artery by a 翻译：

blood clot. 1) 心脏病发作是由于冠状动脉突然被血凝块堵塞而引起的。 1) 心脏病的产生 1) Heart attack is caused
2) When the clot is formed, it will stay in the blood vessels. 2)当凝块形成时，它会留在血管里。 2) 凝块留在血管 2) clot，blood vessels
33 Heart 3) The clot in blood vessels will block blood flow. 3)血管中的凝块会阻碍血液流动。 3) 凝块阻碍流动 3) block blood flow
attack 4) Without the normal blood flow, it will cause muscle contraction. 4) 没有正常的血液流动，就会引起肌肉收缩。 4) 引起肌肉收缩 4) muscle contraction

1) There is a growing consensus that, if serious action is to be taken to reduce

greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Canada, a price must be applied to those 翻译：
emissions. 1) 越来越多的人一致认为，如果要在加拿大采取严肃行动减少温室气体 1) 定价需进行来减少温室 1) reduce greenhouse gas
2) There are, however, challenges associated with the political acceptability of (GHG)排放，就必须对这些排放进行定价。 气 体(GHG) (GHG), price
34 Greenhous carbon pricing. 2)然而，碳定价在政治上的可接受性存在挑战。 2) 政治上有挑战 2) challenges, political
e gas 3) If Canada implements a carbon price on its own, there are worries that 3)如果加拿大自己实施碳排放价格，人们担心加拿大的工厂将迁往其他国 3) 加拿大迁工厂逼监管 acceptability
emission Canadian factories will relocate to other countries to avoid the regulation. 家以逃避监管。 4) 多国联手定碳价 3) Canadian factories, avoid the
4) Even if other countries act in concert with Canada to price carbon, the 4) 即使其他国家与加拿大联手为碳定价，其影响也将因行业不同而不同 regulation.
effects will be uneven across sectors, and lobbying efforts by relatively more- ， 受影响相对较大的行业的游说努力可能会威胁到该政策的政治可行性 4) other countries, price carbon
affected sectors 。
might threaten the political viability of the policy.

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1) Meerkats, a small group- 翻译：

living mongooses in southern Africa, have been so extensively studied an 1)猫鼬是一种生活在非洲南部的小型群居猫鼬，人们小型群居猫鼬

d filmed that we can follow individuals through their lives like characters 对它们进行了广泛的研究和拍摄，以至于我们可以像动物肥皂剧中 1) 猫鼬是小型群居猫鼬 1) Meerkats，a small group-

in an animal soap opera. 的角色一样跟踪它们的生活。 2) 被人类跟踪好几代 living mongooses

35 Meerkats 2)喀拉哈里沙漠狐獴(Suricata Suricatta)已经被人类跟踪了好几代 3) 它们对人类习惯 2)have been followed over ge
2) The Kalahari Desert meerkats, Suricata Suricatta, have been followed
over generations. 。 4) 所有人看到观察行为 nerations

3) They are so habituated to humans that they will climb on and off weig 3)它们对人类是如此的习惯，以至于当科学家要称动物的重量时， 3) habituated to humans

hing scales when a scientist wants to weigh an animal. 它们会爬上爬下秤。 4) behavior，

4) It is remarkable that behavior, which at one time could only be observ 4) 值得注意的是，曾经只有专门的现场工作人员才能观察到的行为 available for all of us to see

ed by dedicated field workers, is now readily available for all of us to see. ，现在我们所有人都可以看到。

1) A reaction that needs some type of energy to make it go is said to be 翻译：

endothermic. It takes in energy. 1) 一个需要某种能量才能进行的反应叫做吸热反应。它吸收能量。 1) Endothermic、takes in
2) For example, the sherbet you used for the chapter problem on page 25 is a 2)例如，你在第25页的章节题目中使用的果子露是小苏打和柠檬酸的混合 1) 吸热反应吸收能量. energy 2) For example、 the
mixture of baking soda and citric acid. 物。 2)例如，果子露是混合物. sherbet、 a mixture
36 Sherbet 3) When it is mixed with water in your mouth an endothermic reaction occurs, 3)当它与你嘴里的水混合时，就会发生吸热反应，从你嘴里吸收热量，让 3)与水混合时，就会发生 3) mixed with water、 reaction
powder taking heat energy from your mouth and making it feel cooler. 你感觉更凉爽。 反 occurs
4) Another example of an endothermic reaction is seen with the cold packs 4) 另一个吸热反应的例子是运动员用来治疗受伤的冷敷包。这些冷敷包 应 4) Another example 、the cold
used by athletes to treat injuries. These packs usually consist of a plastic bag 通 常包括一个能够溶于水的硝酸铵塑料袋。 4) 另一个例子是冷敷包. 5. packs
containing 5.这个过程是吸热的——从周围环境中吸收热能，冷却身体受伤的部分。 过程相当于一个冰袋 5. This process、an ice pack
ammonium nitrate dissolves in the water. 这样，冷敷包就相当于一个冰袋。
5) This process is endothermic-taking heat energy from the surroundings and

1) The job of a manager in the workplace is to get things done through 翻译 1) Manager、employees
employees. 2) In order to accomplish this, the manager should be able to 1）经理在工作场所的任务是促使员工完成工作。 1) 经理促使员工完成工作. 2) motivate
37 Motivation motivate employees. 3) That is, however, easier said than done. 2)为了做到这一点，经理应该能够激励员工。 2) 所以应该能够激励员工. 3) easier said than done.
of 4) Motivation practice and theory are difficult subjects, encompassing various 3)但是，说起来容易做起来难。 3)说起来容易做起来难. 4) Motivation practice 、
employee disciplines. 4) 动机实践和理论是难度很大的学科，涵盖了各个学科。 4) 因为动机实践难度大. difficult subjects

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1) Yet my study of the history of religion has revealed that human beings are 翻译
Religious ( spiritual animals. Indeed, there is a case for arguing that Homo sapiens is also 1）然而，我对宗教史的研究表明，人类是精神动物。 确实，有一个论点 1) 人类是精神动物 1) human beings 、spiritual
学 生近期考 Homo religious. (考试中没有yet) 认为智人也是宗教信徒。 2)人类崇拜神灵 animals
38 到， 2) Men and women started to worship gods as soon as they became 2)人类从存在开始就开始崇拜神灵；他们在创造艺术品的同时创造了宗教 3)不仅因为力量 2) worship gods
内容不完全 recognizably human; they created religions at the same time as they created 。 4) 而且因为奇妙和神秘感 3) powerful forces
一 致，最后 works of art. 3)这不仅仅是因为他们想发动强大的力量。 4) wonder and mystery
一句 没有句 3) This was not simply because they wanted to propitiate powerful forces. 4) 但是这些早期的信仰表达的奇妙和神秘感，似乎一直是这个美丽而恐
首的 4) But these early faiths expressed the wonder and mystery that seems always 怖 的世界的人类经验的重要组成部分。
but） to have been an essential component of the human experience of this beautiful
yet terrifying world.

1)The natural structure found within leaves could improve the performa 翻译

nce of everything from rechargeable batteries to high- 1)根据一个国际科学家团队的研究，树叶内部的自然结构可以提高从可充电电

Porous 池到高性能气体传感器等各种产品的性能。 1) 树叶的自然结构 1) natural structure leaves

performance gas sensors, according to an international team of scientist
material 2)研究人员设计了一种多孔材料，它利用了一种血管结构，就像在树叶的静脉 2)设计多孔材料
s. 2) porous material
中发现的那样，可以使能量传递更有效。
39 3)提高性能 3) improve the performance
2) The researchers have designed a porous material that utilises a vascul
3)这种材料可以提高可充电电池的性能，优化充放电过程，缓解电池电极内的
4) 气体传感和分解污染物 4) gas sensing，
ar structure, such as that found inthe veins of a leaf, and could make ene 应力，目前这些应力限制了电池的寿命。
rgy transfers more efficient. 4)同样的材料可以用于高性能气体传感或催化分解水中的有机污染物。 break down organic pollutan

3) The material could improve the performance of rechargeable batteries ts

, optimising the charge and discharge process and relieving stresses with
in the battery electrodes, which, at the moment, limit their life span.
4) The same material could be used for high performance gas sensing or f
or catalysis to break down organic pollutants in water.

1）The “ Festival in The Desert” is a celebration of the musical heritage of the

Touareg, a fiercely independent nomadic people. 翻译
2)It is held annually near Essakane, an oasis some 40 miles north-west of 1）“沙漠中的节日”是对剧烈独立的游牧民族途锐音乐遗产的庆祝。 1) “沙漠中的节日”. 1) Festival in The Desert
40 Desert Timbuktu, the ancient city on the Niger River. 2)每年在尼日尔河古城廷巴克图西北约40英里的绿洲埃萨卡尼 2)在埃萨卡尼举行. 2) Essakane
festival 3)Reaching it tests endurance, with miles of impermanent sand tracks to （Essakane）附近举行。 3)需要耐力才能完成. 3) endurance
negotiate. 3)需要耐力才能完成它，并需要穿越数英里的非永久性沙地。 4) 奖励是音乐和舞蹈盛宴. 4) reward、music and dance
4) The reward of navigating this rough terrain comes in the form of a three-day 4) 在这崎岖的地形中穿行的奖励是为期三天的音乐和舞蹈盛宴。
feast of music and dance.

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翻译
1) Historical records, coins, and other date-bearing objects can help – if they 1）历史记录，硬币和其他带有日期的物体（如果存在的话）可以提供帮
exist. But even prehistoric sites contain records – written in nature’s hand. 助 。但即使是史前遗址也包含大自然亲自书写的记录。 1) 历史记录和硬币有帮助. 1) Historical records、coins、
2) The series of strata in an archaeological dig enables an excavator to date 2)考古挖掘中的一系列地层使挖掘机能够相对较远地（即使不是绝对地） 2)考古挖掘中对回收的物 help 2) an archaeological dig、
41 Tree ring recovered objects relatively, if not absolutely. 对回收的物体标明日期。 体 标明日期. to date recovered objects
3) However, when archaeologists want know the absolute date of a site, they 3)但是，当考古学家想知道某个地点的绝对日期时，他们通常可以超越简 3)可以超越简单的地层学 3) absolute date、go beyond
can 单的地层学。 知 道绝对日期. simple stratigraphy
often go beyond simple stratigraphy. 4) 例如，树木年轮，树木年代学（字面意思是“树木时间”）通过将木 4) 例如树木年轮，树木年 4) For example、tree ring、
4) For example, tree ring, Dendrochronology (literally, ―tree time‖) dates 制品 的环型与已知的记录相匹配来对木制品进行定年，这些记录在世界 代 学等. Dendrochronology
wooden artefacts by matching their ring patterns to known records, which, in 上的某 些地区跨越了数千年。
some areas of the world, span several thousand years.

1) In a wonderful set of studies and subsequent book, Elly A. Konijn 翻译

looked to the question of how much actors are aware of their 1)在一系列精彩的研究和随后出版的书中，艾丽·a·科尼金研究了这样一个问
题:演员在表演时对自己的表演有多少意识，他们在多大程度上让角色“接管 1) 演员表演接管自己的表 1) actors， performance as
performance as they perform it, and how much they let the character
”了自己的表演。 演
'take over'. they perform
2)她要求荷兰演员在一系列情感状态下(从厌恶和焦虑到温柔和愉悦)对自己的
42 Actors' 2)演员对自己打分 2) rate their states
2) She asked Dutch actors to rate their own emotions and the emotions
情绪和他们扮演的角色的情绪进行打分。
perfomanc 3)感受到积极情绪 3) positive emotions
of the characters they were playing across a range of affective states 3)她发现，演员在扮演角色的情绪时，往往会感受到积极的情绪。
e 4) 情绪消极，演员感受越
(from disgust and anxiety to tenderness and pleasure). 4)然而，角色的情绪越消极，演员在舞台上感受到这种情绪的可能性就越小。 4) more negative， less
小
3) She found that positive emotions were often felt by the actors as they feeling

played those character's emotions.

4) However, the more negative the emotion of the character, the less
likely the actor would report feeling that emotion onstage.

1) Although experts like journalists are expected to be unbiased, they invariably 翻译 1) 尽管期望专家保持公正 1) Experts、unbiased、biases
share the system biases of the disciplines and cultures in which they work. 1）尽管我们期望像新闻工作者这样的专家会保持公正，但他们总是不可 ， 但他们有偏见. 2) .Journalists、 try to be fair
43 Journalists 2) Journalists try to be fair and objective by presenting all sides of a particular 避 免的分享他们所在学科和文化的系统性的偏见。 2)新闻工作者试图做到公 and objective
issue. 2)新闻工作者通过陈述特定问题的各个方面，试图做到公正客观。 正 客观 3) However、present、an issue
3) Practically speaking, however, it is about as easy to present all sides of an 3)然而，实际上，提出一个问题的各个方面与邀请所有政党的候选人参加 3)然而，提出问题与邀请 、
issue as it is to invite candidates from all political parties to a presidential 总统辩论一样容易。 候 选人一样容易. invite candidates、easy
debate. 4) 但最终有些观点没有被引用进来。 4) 有些观点没有被引用进 4) Some perspectives 、 not
4) Some perspectives ultimately are not included. 来 included

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1) Researchers need to understand why different forms of locomotion 翻译 1)why different forms of
evolved. 1)研究人员需要理解为什么会进化出不同形式的运动。 1) 为什么进化不同的运动 locomotion
2)人们长期持有的假设，比如提高能源效率的必要性，已经被推翻了。 2) 提高能源效率被推翻
2) Long-held assumptions, such as the need for energy efficiency, have 2) energy efficiency，been
3)例如，机械踝关节支架可以提高人体行走时的代谢效率，这意味着行走是低 3)例如，行走低效
already been overturned. overturned
效的。
44 Locomotio 4) 动作变化很重要
3) For example, a mechanical ankle brace can improve the metabolic 3) walking is inefficient
4)但动作的变化很重要。此外，如果你想跳跃、疾驰或突击，这样的脚踝护具
n
efficiency of human walking, implying that walking is inefficient. 可以阻止你。 4)variation of movement is
4) But variation of movement is important, too: such an ankle brace important
holds you back if you try to skip, gallop or skitter.

1) All over the world studetns are changing countries for their university 翻译 1) 全世界的学生都去外国 1) All over the world、 students
studies. 1）全世界的学生都选择去外国来读大学。 读 大学. 、 changing countries、
2) They don’t all have the same reasons for going or for choosing a particular 2)他们去或选择特定学习地点的原因并不完全相同。 2)原因并不相同. university studies
place to study. 3)他们之所以选择一所大学是因为它的课程有趣，或者因为他们喜欢这个 3)因为课程有趣/喜欢语言 2) don’t all have the same
45 Study 3) They may choose a university because of its interesting courses or perhaps 国家及其语言。 . reasons
abroad because they like the country and its language. 4) 有些学生因为热爱旅行而出国。 4) 热爱旅行而出国. 3) interesting courses、its
4) Some students go overseas because they love travel. 5）无论出于何种原因，每年都有成千上万的学生实现出国接受大学教育 5）无论何种原因，每年 language
5) Whatever the reason, thousands of students each year make their dreams of 的 梦想。 都 有学生出国读大学. 4) go overseas、 love travel
a university education come true 5. Whatever the reason、 each
year 、a university education

1) All animals have a strong exploratory urge, but for some it is more crucial 翻译 1) 动物都具有强烈的探索 1) All animals、 a strong
than others. 1）所有动物都具有强烈的探索欲望，但对某些动物而言，它比其他动物 欲 望. exploratory urge
2) It depends on how specialized they have become during the course of 更 重要。 2)取决于进化过程中变得 2) Specialized、the course of
Animal evolution. 2)取决于它们在进化过程中变得有多专业。 有 多专业. evolution
46 Exploratory 3) If they have put all their effort into the perfection of one survival trick, they 3)如果他们全力以赴地完成一项生存技巧，那么他们就不会对周围世界的 3)全力以赴地完成生存技 3) put all their effort 、survival
Urge do not bother so much with the general complexities of the world around 一般复杂性感到烦恼。 巧 trick
them. 4) 只要蚂蚁食者吃了蚂蚁，而考拉熊只吃了口香糖叶，他们就会感到满 4) 蚂蚁和考拉熊满足后生 4) ants and the koala bear、
4) So long as the ant eater had its ants and the koala bear had gum leaves, then 足 并且生活很轻松。 活 很轻松. satisfied 、 living is easy
they are satisfied and the living is easy. 5）但是，动物界的机会主义者，永远也无法放松。 5）但非专业者无法放松. 5. The non-specialists、 never
5) The non-specialists, however, the opportunists of the animal world, can afford to relax.
never afford to relax.

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1) University of Otago Center of International Health co-directors Professor 翻译 1) 两个教授认为全球卫生 1) Professor Philip Hill and
Philip Hill and Professor John Crump share a view that global health is a 1）奥塔哥大学国际卫生中心副主任菲利普·希尔教授和约翰·克鲁姆教授 是 多学科活动. Professor John Crump、global
multidisciplinary activity. 认 为，全球卫生是一项多学科活动。 2)他们在坦桑尼亚等地区 health、multidisciplinary
2)In their work - from Tanzania to the Gambia, from Myanmar to Indonesia and 2)在他们的工作中（从坦桑尼亚到冈比亚，从缅甸到印度尼西亚，甚至更 ， activity 2) Tanzania、clinicians
47 University beyond -they tap into a wide range of expertise from across the 远），他们利用了整个大学的广泛专业知识，得到了包括临床医生，微生 得到了包括临床医生等人 3) forged relationships and
of University, including clinicians, microbiologists and molecular 物学家和分子微生物学家，公共卫生专家，经济学家和数学家的帮助。 的 帮助. collaborations、agencies、
Otago microbiologists, public health experts, economists and mathematicians. 3)他们还与世界各地的研究和援助机构建立了合作关系。 3)他们还与世界各地的机 around
3)They have also forged relationships and collaborations with research and 4) 过去7年中，菲利普·希尔教授与印度尼西亚西爪哇省万隆市的帕德贾 构 建立了合作关系. the world.
aid agencies around the world. 杰 兰大学一起，在印度尼西亚开展了一项结核病合作研究项目，该研究 4) 过去7年中，在印度尼 4) The past seven years 、a
4) For the past seven years Professor Philip Hill has been part of a collaborative 由欧 盟委员会资助，用于研究传染病和非传染病之间的因果关系。 主要 西 亚开展了一项结核病合 collaborative tuberculosis
tuberculosis research project in Indonesia, with the University of 是结核 病和糖尿病。 作研 究项目. research project 、Indonesia
Padjadjaran in Bandung, West Java, undertaking European Commission-
funded research into the causative links between infectious and non-
communicable diseases in this case tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus.第
四句有变，把TB删了

1) Early in 1938, Mário de Andrade, the municipal secretary of culture here, 翻译 1) 1938年，四人民俗研究 1) 1938、a four-member、
Mario de dispatched a four-member Folklore Research Mission to the northeastern 1）早在1938年，这里的文化部长就派出了一个由四人组成的民俗研究团 团 前往巴西执行任务. Folklore Research Mission、
Andrade ( hinterlands of Brazil on a similar mission. 前往巴西东北腹地执行类似的任务。 2)他的目的是在尽快录制 Brazil 、mission
学生 2) His intention was to record as much music as possible as quickly as possible, 2)他的目的是在该地区独特的文化受广播和电影之类的影响之前，尽快录 音 乐. intention 、record 2) 1938、a four-member、
48 近期考到
, 内 before encroaching influences like radio and cinema began transforming the 制尽可能多的音乐。 、 Folklore Research Mission、
容不完全一 region’s distinctive culture. 3)他们乘卡车，马和驴旅行，记录了任何有趣的人：钢琴运载体，牛仔， music Brazil 、mission
致，最后一 3) Traveling by truck, horse and donkey, they recorded whoever and whatever 乞丐，伏都教牧师，采石场工人，渔民，舞蹈团甚至是玩耍的孩子。 3)他们旅行，记录有趣的 3) Traveling 、whoever seemed
句 不太一样 seemed to be interesting: piano carriers, cowboys, beggars, voodoo priests, 4) 但是，巴西人的收藏任务最终疲惫不堪的中止了。 人. 4) 但是，最终疲惫不 to be interesting
，但 quarry workers, fishermen, dance troupes and even children at play. 堪的中 止了. 4) But 、languishing 、ended
有关键词 in 4) But the Brazilian mission’s collection ended up languishing in vaults here. up
the result可
判 断为最后
一
句）

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1) Huawei offers college students a certification program. 翻译 1) 华为提供认证课程 1) Huawei, offers,

2) This program includes various training courses. 1)华为为大学生提供认证项目。 2)包括培训 certification program
2)本课程包括各种培训课程。 3)免除考试费用
3) The program exempts students from exam fees. 2) includes training courses
49 Huawei 3)该计划免除学生的考试费用。 4) 以前费用200-500美元
4) The fees used to be 200 to 500 dollars each student. 3) exempts, exam fees
4)以前每个学生的学费是200到500美元。
program
4) fees, 200 to 500 dollars

1) A requirement of Humanities 104 is to write a persuasive paper on a topic of 翻译 1) 人文学科104的要求选 1) Humanities 104、paper、 a
your choice. 1）人文学科104的要求是就你选择的主题写一篇有说服力的论文。 主 题写论文. topic
2) The topic you choose should be supported by a range of sources. 2)你选择的主题应得到一系列来源的支持。 2)选的主题应该有依据. 2) The topic you choose、
50 A 3) The source should be cited under APA guidelines, and the final draft should 3)来源应根据APA指南引用，最终草案应以APA样式编写。 3)来源应根据APA指南引 supported by a range of sources
requiremen be written in APA styles. 4) 最终初稿应在期末考试的一周前提交。 用. 4) 最终初稿应在期末 3) be cited under APA guidelines
t of 4) The final draft is due one week before the final exam. 考试前 提交. 4) The final draft、before the
Humanities final
exam

1) New Ventures is a program that helps entrepreneurs in some of the world’s

most dynamic, emerging economies-- Brazil, China, Colombia, India, Indonesia 翻译
and Mexico. 1）New Ventures一个旨在帮助世界上一些最具活力的新兴经济体（巴 1) New Ventures、helps
2) We have facilitated more than $203 million in investment, and worked with 西，中国，哥伦比亚，印度，印度尼西亚和墨西哥）的企业家的项目。 1) 新投资助力企业家 entrepreneurs
51 New 250 innovative businesses whose goods and services produce clear, 2)我们已促成超过2)03亿美元的投资，并与250个创新企业合作，这些企 2) 促成投资创合作 2) facilitated investment
Ventures measurable 业 的产品和服务产生了清晰，可衡量的环境效益，例如清洁能源，高效 3) 穷人挑战要应对 3) challenges、the world’s
environmental benefits, such as clean energy, efficient water use, and 用水 和可持续农业。 4) 翻新复印机更便宜 poor
sustainable agriculture. 3)他们通常还会解决世界困难企业所面临的挑战。 4) refurbishes copy machines、
3) Often they also address the challenges experienced by the world’s poor. 4) 例如，我们在中国的一家合作公司，叫Ecostar，翻新了美国的复印机 20 percent less
4) For example, one of the companies we work with in China, called ， 并以低于品牌影印机20％的价格转售或租借了它们。
Ecostar,refurbishes copy machines from the United States and re-sells or leases
them for 20 percent less than a branded photocopier.

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1) The Canadian Institute for Neutron Scattering will be holding the eleventh
neutron summer school at Chalk River on May 8- 13, 2011) 翻译：
2) The aim of the school is to cover a wide range of topics associated with 1)加拿大中子散射研究所将于2011年5月8- 13日在乔克河举办第十一届中 1) The Canadian Institute、
thermal neutron scattering, including powder diffraction, stress analysis, 子 暑期班。 1) 研究所举办暑期班 summer school
52 Neutron texture, 2)暑期班的目标是覆盖与热中子散射相关的广泛的主题，包括粉末衍射、 2) 目标涉猎广泛 2) The aim、a wide range
reflectometry, and small-angle neutron scattering together with the underlying 应力分析、织构、反射测量、小角度中子散射，以及与中子散射相关的基 3) 理论将被提出 3) The theory、be presented 4)
theory associated with neutron scattering. 本理论。 4) 详情敬请参考 For more information
3) The theory will be presented in a way that should be understood by people 3)该理论将以任何这些领域的人都能理解的方式提出。
in any of these fields. 4) 更多信息，请看加拿大中子散射研究所的中子暑期班。
4) For more information, see the Canadian Institute for Neutron Scattering's
Neutron Summer School.

1) Dependence, rivalry, envy, emulation: painting and photography, like

members of a dysfunctional yet in ¬separable family, just cannot cast off
lineages of influence and appropriation. 翻译： 1) painting and photography、
2) Photography, from its appearance in 1839, looked to painting for 1)依赖、竞争、嫉妒、竞争:绘画和摄影就像一个功能失调但又分离的家 1) 绘画摄影分不开 in ¬separable family
53 Painting fundamental models of depiction. 庭 的成员一样，无法摆脱影响和占有的血统。 2) 绘画是基本形式 2) Photography、fundamental
and 3) Yet it threw the older medium into crisis, removing at a stroke painting’s 2)摄影，从1839年出现开始，就从绘画中寻找基本的描绘模型。 3) 古老媒介陷危机 models
photograp unique capacity to bear witness. 3)然而，它却将旧媒介推入了危机，一举剥夺了绘画独特的见证能力。 4) 回首维多利亚时代 3) older medium、into crisis
hy 4) How these two media leapfrogged through the Victorian age, defining 4) 这两种媒体如何跨越维多利亚时代，相互对立地定义自己的，是泰特 4) the Victorian age
themselves against one another, is the subject of Tate Britain’s exhibition 英 国美术馆“光之画”的主题。
Painting with Light.

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1)Earlier this year, researchers from Duke University went to Gabon to monitor 翻译：
that country’s dwindling elephant population. They took along three drones, 1)今年初，杜克大学的研究人员前往加蓬监测该国日益减少的大象数量。
which they planned to use to count the elephants, follow their herds, and map 他们带上了三架无人机，计划用它们来清点大象数量，跟踪它们的种群， 1) 杜克大学无人机 1) Duke University、drones
their migrations. 并绘制它们的迁徙地图。 2) 事未按计划进行 2) didn’t exactly go as planned
54 Elephants 2)Only things didn’t exactly go as planned.. 2)只是事情没有完全按计划进行。 3) 无人机激怒大象 3) the elephants were clearly
3)The elephants noticed the drones, which hovered anywhere from 25 feet to 3)大象注意到了无人机，在它们上方25到300英尺的任何地方盘旋。大象 4) 大象不喜欢蜜蜂 agitated
300 feet above them. And it wasn't just that the elephants noticed them; in 不 仅仅是注意到了;在很多情况下，大象明显被激怒了。有些跑开了。至 4) elephants do not like bees
many cases, the elephants were clearly agitated. Some of them took off 少有 一次，一头大象用鼻子朝无人机的方向扔泥巴。55岁的杜克大学机
running. In at least one case, an elephant used her trunk to hurl mud in the 器人实 验室主任米西·卡明斯(Missy Cummings)说，它当时带着它的孩
drone’s direction. “She had her baby with her,55 said Missy Cummings, the 子。
director of Duke’s Robotics Lab.. 4) 研究人员认为，大象的反应非常强烈，因为无人机听起来很像蜜蜂。
4) The elephants reacted so strongly, the researchers believe, because drones, 大
it turns out, sound a lot like bees. And elephants do not like bees. At all. 象一点也不喜欢蜜蜂。

1) Take an underperforming company 翻译：

An 2) Add some generous helping of debt, a few spoonful of management 1)以一家表现不佳的公司为例。 1) 一家公司表现差 1) underperforming company
55 underperfo incentives and trim all the fat. 2)增加一些慷慨的债务援助，几汤匙的管理激励，并削减所有的脂肪。 3) 2) 财务援助来激励 2) management incentives
rming 3) Leave to cook for five years and you have a feast of profits. 如果让你烹饪五年，你就会有一场利润盛宴。 3) 五年后利润盛宴 3) five years、profits
company 4) That has been the recipe for private-equity groups during the past 200 years. 4) 在过去的200年里，这一直是私募股权集团的秘诀。 4) 私募股权的秘诀 4) private-equity groups、
recipe

1)Mechanical engineering student Ne Tan is spending the first semester of this 翻译：
year studying at the University of California, Berkeley as part of the Monash 1)机械工程专业的学生Ne Tan今年的第一学期在加州大学伯克利分校学
Abroad program. 习，这是莫纳什海外项目的一部分。 1) NeTan伯克利学习 1) Ne Tan 、Berkeley
56 Monash 2)Ne (Tan), an international student from Shanghai, China, began her Monash 2)Ne (Tan)，来自中国上海的国际学生，2006年10月在莫纳什学院开始 2) NeTan来自大上海 2) student from Shanghai
student journey at Monash College in October 2006. 了她的莫纳什之旅。 3) NeTan拿毕业证书 3) completed a diploma
3)There she completed a diploma that enabled her to enter Monash University 3)在那里，她拿到了毕业证书，这使她得以进入莫纳什大学读二年级。 4) NeTan返澳前去美 4) US、Australia
as a second-year student. 4) 现在是她在莫纳什大学学习的第三年，莫纳什大学海外项目将会见证
4) Now in her third year of study, the Monash Abroad program will see her 她在在美国完成四个单元的学习，并于2009年5月返回澳大利亚。
complete four units of study in the US before returning to Australia in May 2009.

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1)Citizens commonly identify with their nation in the context of major sporting 翻译：
events: imagining the nation is easier when there is a nationalteam playing 1)在重大体育赛事中，公民通常会对自己的国家产生认同感:当一个国家
another nation (Hobsbawm, 1990). 的球队与另一个国家比赛时，人们想象这个国家会更容易(Hobsbawm, 1) Citizens commonly identify
2)Rugby in Wales is a particularly strong example of this phenomenon, being 1990) 1) 公民认同其国家 with their nation
57 Rugby perhaps the main thing that unites people in Wales. 。 2) 典型例子橄榄球 2) strong example、Rugby
3)In many ways rugby in Wales defines what Wales is and what people in Wales 2)威尔士的橄榄球就是这一现象的一个特别突出的例子，它可能是威尔士 3) 威尔士定义威尔士 3) Wales、defines
share. 人民团结的主要原因。 4) 橄榄球定义该国家 4) defines the nation
4) From outside Wales, too, it is the rugby that commonly defines the nation – 3)威尔士的橄榄球在很多方面定义了威尔士是什么，以及威尔士人共有什
with 么。
the sport providing both widespread interest and one of the few positive 4) 来自威尔士以外的地区，橄榄球也通常定义了这个国家——这项运动提
associations of outsiders’ perceptions of Wales. 供了广泛的兴趣，同时也是外界对威尔士为数不多的积极联想之一。

1)Education scholars generally agree that mayors can help failing districts, but
they are starting to utter warnings. (but后面这一句被单独列出来)
2)Last summer the editors of the harvard educational review warned that 翻译
mayoral control can reduce parents' influence on schools. 1) 教育学者认为，市长可以帮助失败的地区 1) 教育学者 1) Education scholars
58 Mayors 3)And they pointed to mr bloomberg's aggressive style as an example of what 2)但他们开始发出了警告 2) 发出警告 2) utter warnings
not to do. 3) 去年夏天，哈弗教育评论的编辑警告道市长的控制可能会降低父母对 3) 市长控制 3) mayoral control
4) All this must be weighed up by the New York state legislature in 2009, when 学 校的影响 4) 咄咄逼人 4) aggressive style
mayoral control is up for renewal—or scrapping. (没有第四句子) 4) 同时指出Mr. Bloomberg的激进风格是不该做的
以下为考试中出现的版本
1)Education scholars generally agree that mayors can help failing districts.
2)But they are starting to utter warnings.
3)Last summer the editors of the Harvard educational review warned that
mayoral control can reduce parents' influence on schools.
4) And they pointed to Mr.Bloomberg’s aggressive style as an example of what
not to do.

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1)Not all wildlife is created equal in our eyes. 翻译

2)Take the earthworm, which doesn’t have the widespread appeal of larger, 1) 并不是所有的野生动物在我们眼中都是平等的。2)以蚯蚓为例，它不像
more charismatic animals such as gorillas, tigers or pandas. 大猩猩、老虎或熊猫等体型更大、更有魅力的动物那样具有广泛的吸引力 1) 野生动物不生来平等 1) Not all wildlife is created
3)Worms are never going to get a strong "cute response", and they won’t ever 。 2) 小蚯蚓没有吸引力 equal 2) earthworm、doesn’t
59 Worms be the face of a conservation campaign. 3) 蚯蚓永远不会得到强烈的“可爱回应”，它们也永远不会成为环保运 3) 蚯蚓不配可爱回应 have the widespread appeal
4) But what Darwin rightly recognized is that - panda fans avert your eyes - 动的 4) 保护蚯蚓非常重要 3) cute response
worm conservation is much more important once we factor in their provision 代言人 4) rucial to human survival.
of what we now call "ecosystem services", which are crucial to human survival. 4) 但达尔文正确认识到的是：熊猫粉丝不要看哦，一旦我们把他们提供
的 我们现在称为“生态系统服务”考虑进去，保护蚯蚓就变得重要得多
。这对 人类的生存来说也是至关重要的。

1)The expanding influence of Copernicanism through the seventeenth century 翻译

transformed not only the natural philosophic leanings of astronomers but also 1) 哥白尼的影响扩大到了整个17世纪，不止是改变了对天文学的自然哲
the store of conceptual material accessible to writers of fiction. 学 倾向，同时也改变了科幻小说家们可以获得的概念性的素材的储备。 1) 哥白尼改变世界 1) Copernicanism、
2)During this period of scientific revolution, a new literary genre arose, namely 2)在科学改革期间，出现了一种叫做科学宇宙旅行的文学题材 2) 新文学体裁出现 transformed
60 Copernican that of the scientific cosmic voyage. 3)科学家和作家都构建了关于虚拟人物去月亮、太阳和行星上去旅行的故 3) 构建虚拟人物 2) a new literary genre
ism 3)Scientists and writers alike constructed fantastical tales in which fictional 事 4) 星球与地球相似 3) fantastical tales
characters’journey to the moon, sun, and planets. 4) 这么做的过程中，他们发现这些曾经遥远的星球在性质上与地球是相 5. 类地星球转向白尼 4) earth-like
4) In so doing, they discover that these once remote worlds are themselves 似的 5. shift to the Copernican
earth- like in character. 5.对这些类地星球（月亮、太阳、和别的行星）的描述表明了17世纪由 framework.
5)Descriptions of these planetary bodies as terrestrial in kind demonstrate the Aristotelian亚里士多德向哥白尼理论框架的知识转移
seventeenth-century intellectual shift from the Aristotelian to the Copernican
framework.

1)Palaus and his colleagues wanted to see if any trends had emerged from the
research to date concerning how video games affect the structure and activity 翻译
of our brains. 1) Palaus 和他的同事们想看看迄今为止关于电子游戏如何影响我们大脑 1) Palaus和同事做实验 1) Palaus and his colleagues
2)They collected the results from 116 scientific studies, 22 of which looked at 结 构和活动的研究是否出现了什么趋势。 2) 他们收集结果看变化 2) They collected the results
61 Palaus structural changes in the brain and 100 of which looked at changes in brain 2)他们收集了116项科学研究的结果，其中22项着眼于大脑的结构变化， 3) 电子游戏会影响大脑 3) video games can change
functionality and or behavior. 100项着眼于大脑功能和行为的变化。 4) 电子游戏影响注意力 4) playing video games affects
3)The studies show that playing video games can change how our brains 3)研究表明，玩电子游戏可以改变我们的大脑功能，甚至改变它们的结构 our attention
perform, and even their structure. 。
4) For example, playing video games affects our attention, and some studies 4) 例如，玩电子游戏会影响我们的注意力，一些研究发现，游戏玩家在
found that gamers show improvements in several types of attention, such as 几 种类型的注意力上都有改善，比如持续注意力或选择性注意力
sustained
attention or selective attention.

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1) Copernicus probably hit upon his main idea sometime between 1508 and 翻译
1514) 2) For years, however, he delayed publication of his controversial work, 1) 哥白尼可能在1508- 1514年之间就发现了他的一些主要的想法
which 2) 但那些年里，他的这些著作与所有的权威相矛盾，于是他推迟了对这 1) 哥白尼发现想法 1) Copernicus、his main idea
contradicted all the authorities of the time. 些 有争议的著作的发表。 2) 著作存在大矛盾 2) publication of his
62 Copernicus 3) The historic book that contains the final version of his theory, De 3)这本历史性的著作，包含了哥白尼理论的最终版本，直到他去世那年， 3) 最终版本未出版 controversial work
Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium Libri VI (“Six Books Concerning the 即1543年也没有出过纸质版 4) 死前收到该副本 3) did not appear in print
Revolutions of the Heavenly Orbs”), did not appear in print until 1543, the year 4) 根据传说，哥白尼在他垂死那天 1543年5月24日 是收到了这本书的副 5. 新书开辟新道路 4) received a copy as he was
of his death. 本 5.这本书为天文学真正的科学研究开辟了道路。它对后来的科学革命思 dying
4) According to legend, Copernicus received a copy as he was dying, on May 24, 想 家产生了深远的影响，包括伽利略、约翰尼斯·开普勒和艾萨克· 牛顿 5. The book opened the way
1543) 等重要 人物。
5) The book opened the way to a truly scientific approach to astronomy. It had
a profound influence on later thinkers of the scientific revolution, including
such major figures as Galileo, Johannes Kepler, and Isaac Newton.

1)The European Union has two big fish problems. 翻译

2)One is that, partly as a result of its failure to manage them properly, its own 1) 欧盟有两大渔业问题。 1) 欧盟渔业问题 1) European Union has two big
fisheries can no longer meet European demand. 2)其一是，部分由于其管理不善，其本国渔业已无法满足欧洲的需求。 2) 一是管理不善 fish problems
European 3)The other is that its governments won’t confront their fishing lobbies and 3)另一个原因是，中国政府不会对抗其渔业游说团体，也不会让所有剩余 3) 二是政府作为 2) failure to manage them
63 Union（学 decommission all the surplus boats. 的渔船退役。 4) 欧盟遣去西非 properly 3) its governments
生 近期考到 4) The EU has tried to solve both problems by sending its fishermen to West 4) 欧盟试图通过派遣渔民到西非来解决这两个问题。自1979年以来，它 5. 塞内加尔步后尘 4) The EU、West Africa
，变 形） Africa. Since 1979 it has struck agreements with the government of Senegal, 同 塞内加尔的政府签署了协议，允许我们的船队进入其水域。 5. Senegal
granting our fleets access to its waters. 5. 因此，塞内加尔的海洋生态系统已开始走上与我们相同的道路。
5)As a result, Senegal’s marine ecosystem has started to go the same way as
ours.

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1）During the school year, we had the benefit of being both unaccountable and 翻译
omnipotent. 1) 在学年期间，我们既有不负责任又无所不能。
2)We could engage in impassioned debates about how as chief executive of a 2)我们可以就如何作为某个公司的首席执行官进行慷慨激烈的辩论，或者 1) 学生简直无所不能 1) school year、omnipotent 2)
Graduation certain company we would have done this, or if we had been the banker on 如果我们曾经是该交易的银行家，我们就会这样构建它。 2) CEO银行家随便当 chief executive、banker、
64 考试中没有 that deal we would have structured it like that. 3)由于不受这些决策的影响，并且能够了解有关案例的所有关键信息，我 3) 轻松解决复杂问题 3) solve complex business、
那 么多句话 3)Insulated from the consequences of such decisions, and privy to all critical 们能够相对轻松地解决复杂的业务问题。 4) 实习开始一切变味 with relative ease.
，没 有第二 information about the case, we were able to solve complex business problems 4) 我们知道，一旦我们开始实习，这将不再是这种情况。 5. 信息模糊不可预测 4) internships、no longer be
句，但 是意 with relative ease. 5.信息会更加模糊，我们的决定结果将是不可预测的。(任何不好的选择 6. 夏季来临焦虑开始 the case.
思一样 4) We knew that once we began our internships, this would no longer be the 都 会造成高昂的成本代价) 5. nebulous、unpredictable
case. 5）The information would be more nebulous and the outcomes of our 6. 因此，在接近即将来临的夏季时期，我们脑海中浮现同样的感受，无法 6. summer period,
decisions would be unpredictable. (Any seriously bad choices could cost a lot 形容的想法：“我们真的能够应对这一挑战吗？ℽ
of money.这一 句不确定考试中是否有)
6）So in approaching this impending summer period, what lingered in the back
of our minds was a collectively felt, unspeakable thought: "Were we really up to
the challenge?"

1) Innovation in India is as much due to entrepreneurialismas it is to IT skills, 翻译：

says Arun Maria, chairman of Boston Consulting Group in India. 1） 印度波士顿咨询集团董事长阿伦·玛丽亚（Arun Maria）表示，印度
2) Indian businessmen have used IT to create new business models that enable 的 创新与IT技能一样，都是由于企业家精神。 1) 印度企业家精神 1) entrepreneurialism
them to provide services in a more cost effective way. 2) 印度商人利用 IT 创造新的业务模式，使他们能够以更具成本效益的方 2) 印度成本效益 2) more cost effective way.
65 IT 3) This is not something that necessarily requires expensive technical research. 式 提供服务。 3) 不一定很贵 3) not expensive
Innovation 4) He suggests the country’s computer services industry can simply 3) 这不一定需要昂贵的技术研究经费。 4) 没能力就外包 4) outsource
outsource research to foreign universities if the capability is not available 4) 他建议，如果本地没有这种能力，该国的计算机服务行业可以简单地 5. 接触最好科学家 5. best scientists
locally. 将
5) “This way, I will have access to the best scientists in the world without 研究外包给外国大学。
having to produce them myself,” said Mr. Maria. 5）玛丽亚先生说："这样，我就有机会接触世界上最好的科学家，而不必
自己生产。

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1) Are there any systems that can measure the Accounting system? 翻译
2) Well, there is accounting software describes a type of application software 1) 有什么制度可以衡量会计制度吗? 1) 首先来提问题 1) are there?
that records and processes accounting transactions within functional modules 2) 嗯，有一种会计软件描述了一种应用软件，它记录和处理诸如应付账 2) 什么能记录处理 2) records and processes
such as accounts payable, accounts receivable, payroll, and trial balance. 款 、应收账款、工资和试算平衡表等功能模块中的会计交易。 3) 就是会计信息系统 3) accounting information
66 Accounting 3) It is a system in which functions as an accounting information system. 3)它是一个会计信息系统。 4) 随时随地真的棒 system. 4) anywhere at any
system 4) This enables the access anywhere at any time with any device which is 4) 这使得可以随时随地访问任何支持internet的设备，或者基于桌面的设 5. 识别高质量客户 time
Internet- enabled, or maybe desktop based. It varies greatly in its complexity 备。它的复杂性和成本差别很大。 5. identify quality customer
and cost. 5. 这些工具识别高质量的客户服务，并创造一种自信的氛围，一种有助于
5) These tools identify quality customer service and create a climate of 满足特定需求的客户服务策略。
confidence, a customer service strategy that helps meet the specific needs.

1) To gauge optimism and pessimism, the researchers set up an experiment 翻译：

involving 22 calves. 1) 为了判断乐观和悲观，研究人员安排了一项有22头小牛参与的实验。
2) Before they started the experiment, they trained the calves to understand 2) 在他们开始实验之前，他们训练小牛去理解他们的哪些选择会导致奖 1) 小牛参加实验 1) calves
which of their choices would lead to a reward. 励 2) 训练小牛得奖励 2) rained the calves to
67 Experiment 3) In the training, each calf entered a small pen and found a wall with five holes 。 3) 训练幼崽进围栏 understand 3) training
on calves arranged in a horizontal line, two-and-a-half feet apart. 3) 在训练中，每只幼崽进入一个小围栏，发现墙上有五个孔，排成一条 4) 洞里空瓶和牛奶 4) The hole、milk、empty
4) The hole at one end contained milk from a bottle, while the hole at the 水 平线，间隔2)5英尺。 5. 小牛很快得牛奶 bottle 5. The calves learned
opposite end contained only an empty bottle and delivered a puff of air in 4) 一头的洞里装着一瓶牛奶，而另一头的洞里只有一个空瓶子，空气吹 quickly
calves' faces. 在 小牛的脸上。
5) The calves learned quickly which side of the pen held the milk reward. 5. 小牛很快就知道围栏的哪一边放着牛奶作为奖赏。

1) Art history is the study of objects of art in their historical development and
stylistic contexts. 译文：
2) The study includes painting, sculpture, architecture, ceramics, furniture, and 1) 艺术史是研究艺术对象的历史发展和文体语境。 1) 艺术史研究艺术对象 1) Art history
other decorative objects. 2) 研究范围包括绘画、雕塑、建筑、陶瓷、家具和其他装饰品。 2) 艺术史范围非常广 2) The study includes
68 Art history 3) Art history is the history of different groups of people and their culture 3) 艺术史是不同群体的历史和他们的文化在他们的艺术作品中所体现的 3) 艺术属于不同群里 3) different groups
represented throughout their artwork. 历 史。 4) 艺术比较不同时期 4) compare different time
4) Art historians compare different time periods in art history. 4) 艺术史学家比较艺术史上不同的时期。 5. 艺术史是个术语 periods 5. As a term
5) As a term, art history (its product being history of art) encompasses several 5. 作为一个术语，艺术史(它的产物是艺术史)包含了几种研究视觉艺术的
methods of studying the visual arts; in common usage referring to works of art 方 法;通常指的是艺术和建筑作品。”
and architecture.

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1) Vegetarians do not eat meat or fish in their diet.

2) This diet is not only unattractive but also may cause nutritional imbalance if 翻译： 1) 素食者不吃鱼肉 1) Vegetarians
not managed well. 1） 素食者的饮食中不吃肉或鱼。 2) 营养失衡欠吸引 2) nutritional imbalance、
69 Vegetarian 3) Restaurants and school cafeteria adjust and amend their menus to adapt to 2) 这种饮食不仅缺乏吸引力，而且如果管理不好，还可能导致营养失衡 3) 餐馆食堂改菜单 unattractive
this special diet. 。 3) 餐馆和学校食堂调整和修改他们的菜单，以适应这种特殊的饮食。 4) 改完效果非常好 3) Restaurants and school
4) Menus in all of these places have become more balance in nutrients, and 4) 所有这些地方的菜单在营养方面变得更加平衡，也吸引了那些不是素 5. 感谢素食主义者 cafeteria 4) become more
also attract those who are not vegetarians. 食 者的人。 5. succeed without the effort of
5) These developments/improvementswon’t succeed without the effort of 5） 没有素食者的努力，这些发展/改进不会成功。 vegetarians.
vegetarians.

1) Numbers of staff who wish to turn up and do a simplejob and go home is 译文：
relatively happy if they believe their work is secure. 1) 如果员工认为自己的工作是有保障的，那么希望上班、做简单工作、 1) 工作保障员工满意 1) secure.
70 Job 2) However, any employee who wants to acquire more varied and responsible 然 后回家的员工数量相对较多。 2) 想要更多不满足 2) will not feel satisfied
duties will not feel satisfied for long staying with the same and boring job. 2) 然而，任何想要获得更多的多样化和负责任的职责的员工都不会满足 3) 晋升挑战能努力 3) opportunities for promotion
3) People want to keep working hard only if there are opportunities for 于 长期呆在一个乏味的工作上。 4) 没有机会缺动力 4) to be demotivated.
promotion to a more challenging job. 3) 只有当有机会晋升到更有挑战性的工作时，人们才希望继续努力工作
4) If this opportunity does not exist, they are most likely to be demotivated. 。
4) 如果没有这样的机会，他们很可能会失去动力。

1) Australia's native plants and animals adapted to life on an isolated continent 译文： 1) Australia's native plants and
Australia's over millions of years. 1) 澳大利亚的本土植物和动物在数百万年的时间里适应了在一个与世隔 1) 澳洲本土动植物 animals
71 native 2) Since European settlement they have had to compete with a range of 绝 的大陆上的生活。 2) 欧洲人定居竞争 2) European settlement、
plants and introduced animals for habitat, food and shelter. 2) 自从欧洲人定居以来，他们不得不与一系列引进的动物竞争栖息地、 3) 动物面对捕食者 compete with
animals 3) Some have also had to face new predators. 食 物和住所。 4) 新压力影响我国 3) new predators.
4) These new pressures have also caused a major impact on our country’s soil 3) 有些动物还不得不面对新的捕食者。 4) new pressures、caused a
and waterways and on its native plants and animals. 4) 这些新的压力也对我国的土壤、水道和本土动植物造成了重大影响。 major impact

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1) The emergence of Information Technology has created new products, 译文：

processes and distribution systems. 1) 信息技术的出现创造了新的产品、过程和分销系统。 1) IT创造新产品 1) Information Technology
72 Informatio 2) New products include the computer, the internet and digital TV. 2) 新产品包括电脑、互联网和数字电视。 2)新产品包括网络 2) internet
n 3) New processes include internet banking, automated inventory control and 3) 新流程包括网上银行、自动库存控制和自动柜员机。 3) 新过程包括网银 3) internet banking
technology automated teller machine. 4) 新的分配系统包括有线电视和卫星电视。 4) 系统包括卫星TV 4) systems, satellite TV.
4) And new distribution systems include cable and satellite TV.

1) I think we should be wary of the reporting of science-it is often over- 译文： 1) be wary of the reporting of
dramatized in orderto secure an audience-but not of science itself. 1) 我认为我们应该警惕对科学的报道——为了吸引观众，它常常被过分 1) 警惕报道科学 science
2) Of course, there are rare extremely scientific dishonesties, which will be 夸 大——但不应警惕对科学的报道。 2) 科学不诚实 2) scientific dishonesties
73 Scientific seized upon by the news organizations. 2) 当然，也有一些极其罕见的科学上的失礼，新闻机构会加以利用。 3) 3) 在现代社会，有价值 4) 3) modern society, remains
dishonestie 3) The role of science in modern society remains valuable. 科学在现代社会中的作用仍然是有价值的。 手机引事故 valuable
s 4) Mobile phones, for example, can cause incidents if drivers insist on talking 4) 例如，如果司机坚持打电话而不是看路，手机可能会引起事故。 5. 手机危机时候打电话 4) Mobile phones, cause
on the phone instead of looking at roads. 5. 但是，没有人会争辩说，在我们处于危机的时候，手机不能帮助我们打 incidents
5) But no one would argue that mobile phones cannot help to make a phone 电话。 5. mobile phones, make a
call when we are under a crisis. phone call, under a crisis

1) We live in an age of unprecedented opportunity: with ambition, drive, and talent, 翻译：
you can rise to the top of your chosen profession regardless of where you started ou 1)我们生活在一个机遇前所未有的时代:只要有抱负、干劲和天赋，无论你从哪 1) 生活在机遇多的时代 1)
t. 里开始，你都可以在你所选择的职业中达到顶峰。 2) 伴随责任 age of unprecedented opportunit

Unprecede 2) But with opportunity comes responsibility. 2)但机遇也伴随着责任。 3) 公司没有管理员工职业 y

3) Companies today aren't managing their knowledge of workers' careers. 3)如今的公司没有管理他们对员工职业生涯的了解。 2) responsibility
74 nted 生涯
4) Instead, you must be your own chief executive officer. 4)相反，你必须成为自己的首席执行官。 3) Companies, aren't managing,
opportunit 4) 成为自己的ceo
5) That means it's up to you to carve out your place in the world and know when to c 5)这意味着，在这个世界上开拓自己的位置，并知道何时改变方向，取决于你 workers' careers
y 5）开拓位置和改变取决
hange course. 自己。
于自己 4)
your own chief executive officer
5) carve out, when to change,
up to you

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1) We know infinitely more about the wealthy people of Egypt than we do

about the ordinary people, as almost all the monuments were made for the rich 翻译：
and 1) 我们对埃及富人的了解比对普通人的了解要多得多，因为几乎所有的 1) 埃及富人有纪念碑 2) 1) wealthy people of Egypt,
influential. 纪 念碑都是为富人和有影响力的人建造的。 普通人死后没有葬品 3) 老 monuments
75 Egyptian 2) Houses in which ordinary Egyptians lived have not been preserved, and 2)普通埃及人居住的房屋没有保存下来，大多数人死后都被埋在简陋的坟 国王有绘画 2) ordinary Egyptians, funerary
temple when most people died they were buried in simple graves with few funerary 墓里，几乎没有随葬品。 4) 纸莎草也自金字塔 goods.
goods. 3)我们关于旧王国的大多数传统信息来源是与死亡和死亡相关的仪式：这 5. 不只是死亡 3) Old Kingdom,paintings
3) Most of our traditional sources of information about the Old Kingdom are 些包括金字塔、坟墓和坟墓，还有雕像、浮雕和绘画。 4) papyri, pyramid
those concerned with death and the rituals surrounding death: these include 4) 甚至连纸莎草也主要来自金字塔神庙。 5. not mean that death
pyramids, tombs and graves, but also statues, reliefs and paintings. 5.但这并不意味着死亡是埃及人唯一的心事。
4) Even papyri come mainly from pyramid temples.
5) But this does not mean that death was the Egyptians' only preoccupation.

1) Conferences have played a key role in guiding the work of the United Nations 翻译：
since its very inception. 1) 联合国成立以来，会议在指导工作方面发挥了重要作用。
2) In fact, the world body was born when delegates from 50 nations met in San 2)事实上，联合国诞生于1945年4月，当时来自50个国家的代表齐聚旧金 1) 联合国重要角色 1) United Nations a key role
United Francisco in April 1945 for the United Nations Conference on International 山，参加联合国国际组织会议。 2) 1954，50国在旧金山 2) 50 nations， San Francisco
76 Nations Organization. 3)最近举行的关于发展问题的高级别会议继续了1970年代开始的一系列 3) 1970 和1990 有两会 in April 1945
Conference 3) The recent high-profile conferences on development issues, which have 会 议，在许多领域开辟了新的领域:总统、总理和其他国家元首参加了这 4) 贫困和环境问题为首要 3) 1970 ，1990 , conferences
continued a series that began in the 1970s, have broken new ground in many 些会 议- - 1990年世界儿童问题首脑会议就是这种会议的先驱。 5. 问题占头条 4) poverty and environmental
areas: by involving Presidents, Prime Ministers and other heads of state - as 4) 这些事件使贫困和环境退化等长期困难问题成为全球议程的首要问题 degradation
pioneered at the 1990 World Summit for Children. 。 5. front-page headlines
3) These events have put long-term, difficult problems like poverty and 5.否则，这些问题就没有占据头版头条、引起世界领导人注意的政治紧迫
environmental degradation at the top of the global agenda. 性。

1)In order to establish whether diversity matters in the sea as well as on land, 翻译： 1) 11 marine biologists, along
11 marine biologists, along with three economists, have joined forces. 1) 为了确定多样性在海洋和陆地上是否同样重要，11名海洋生物学家和3 1) 科学家们一起研究 with three economists
2)They have spent the past three years crunching all the numbers they could 名经济学家联合起来进行研究。 2) 过去三年找数据 2) past three years crunching
77 Marine lay on their hands on. 2)在过去的三年里，他们把手头上能找到的所有数据都仔细研究了一遍。 3) 信息来着联合国粮农组 all the numbers
Creature 3)These ranged from the current UN Food and Agriculture Organization's 3)这些资料范围从目前联合国粮农组织的数据库到数百年前从厨房记录和 织 3) UN Food and Agriculture
database to information hundreds of years old, gleaned from kitchen records 考古学中收集的信息。 4) 结果发表在科学杂志 Organization's
and archeology 4) The results of this comprehensive analysis have been 4) 这项综合分析的结果发表在《科学》杂志上。 4) poverty and environmental
published in Science. degradation
5. results, published in Science.

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1) In some areas, the standard chosen may be a variety that originally had no 翻译：
native speakers in the country. 1) 在一些地区，选择的标准可能是一种原本没有母语人士的语言。 1) no native speakers
2) For example, in Papua New Guinea, a lot of official business is conducted in 2)例如，在巴布亚新几内亚，许多官方事务是使用巴布亚皮钦语进行的。 1) 一些地方无母语 2) official business, Tok Pisin.
78 Language Tok Pisin. 3)现在有超过一百多万人使用这种语言，但它在许多年前作为一种叫做洋 2) 官方语言用Tok Pisin 3) over a million people
standards 3) This language is now used by over a million people, but it began many years 泾浜语的“接触”语言出现。 3) 使用超过百万人 4) a variety of a language (e.g.
earlier as a kind of ‘contact’ language called a pidgin. 4) 洋泾浜语是一种语言的变体(如英语)，它是为某种实际目的而发展起来 4) 像英语一样是变种 English)
4) A pidgin is a variety of a language (e.g. English) that developed for some 的，例如在一群人之间进行贸易往来，这些人有很多接触，但他们彼此不
practical purpose, such as trading, among groups of people who had a lot of 懂对方的语言。
contact, but who did not know each other’s languages.

1) To overcome the pull of gravity and reach another body in space you need to 翻译：
achieve a certain speed. 1 为了克服重力的牵引，到达太空中的另一个物体，你需要达到一定的速 1) 需要速度到太空 1) reach space, speed,
2) A journey to Mars from Earth's surface requires a minimum total speed of 度。 2) 从火星到地球 2) Mars from Earth's surface
nearly 30,000mph. 2 从地球表面到火星的旅行需要最低的总速度接近30000英里每小时。 3) 需要火箭 3) requires large rockets
79 Speed 3) This requires large rockets, tonnes of fuel, and complex orbital manoeuvring. 3 这需要大型火箭、吨级燃料和复杂的轨道机动。 4) 月球引力弱 4) the moon's weaker
4) Due to the moon's weaker gravitational field, the samejourney from the 4 由于月球引力场较弱，从月球表面出发的同一旅程“只”需要6500英里 5. 达到空间站 gravitational field,
lunar surface would "only" require a speed of 6,500mph (2)9km/s). /小 时（2)9公里/秒）的速度。 5. International Space Station
5) This is roughly one third of that necessary to reach the International Space 5 这大约是从地球到达国际空间站所需的三分之一。 from Earth
Station from Earth.

1) This paper summarizes some of the major data gathered in a longitudinal, 翻译:
naturalistic study of a Japanese girl learning English as a second language 1本文总结了一个日本女孩学习英语作为第二语言(博多1975b)的纵向自然 1) a Japanese ， a second
(Hakuta 1975b). 主义研究收集的一些主要数据。 1) 日本女孩学二外 language
2) The subject in this study is Uguisu, "nightingale" in Japanese. Her family 2本研究的主题是Uguisu， 日语中的“夜莺”。她的父亲在哈佛大学 2) 父亲在哈佛 2) father, Harvard,
80 Japanese came to the United States for a period of two years while her father was a (Harvard) 做访问学者时，她的家人来美国待了两年，并在工薪阶层社区 3) 社区的语言输入 3) neighborhood , source of
girl visiting scholar at Harvard, and they took residence in North Cambridge, a 北剑桥(North Cambridge)居住 4) 两小时公立幼儿园 language input
working-class neighborhood. 3 那个社区的孩子是她语言输入的主要来源 4) public kindergarten for two
3) The children in that neighborhood were her primary source of language 4 Uguisu还每天上两个小时的公立幼儿园，后来上小学，但没有英语语法 hours
input. 辅导。她的大多数邻居朋友都在学校和她同班。xcel没有 5. International Space Station
4) Uguisu also attended public kindergarten for two hours every day, and later from Earth
elementary school, but with no tutoring in English syntax. Most of her
neighborhood friends were in her same class at school.

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1）Formal medical education in Manchester began in 1814 when Joseph 翻译：

Jordan opened the first anatomy school in the English provinces. 曼彻斯特正式的医学教育始于1814年，当时约瑟夫·乔丹在英国各省开办
2)Previous lecture courses in medicine had included a series given by Peter 了 第一所解剖学学校。 1) 1814在英国开解剖学 1) began in 1814, the first
Mark Roget, then a physician at Manchester Infirmary (1804–8), but better 2)之前的医学讲座课程包括了彼得· 马克·罗格(Peter Mark Roget)的系列 校 anatomy school in the English
81 Medical known for his later Thesaurus. 讲 座，他当时是曼彻斯特医院(Manchester医务室)的一名医生(1804 - 2) 彼得开讲座 provinces.
Education 3)Jordan, however, offered dissections as well as lectures, and medical 188)， 但更出名的是他后来的《同义词词典》(Thesaurus)。 3) 医学教育是好生意 2) Previous lecture courses,
education proved good business. 3)然而，约旦除了提供讲座外，还提供解剖，医学教育证明是一门好生意 4) 在伦敦，私立医院延续 Peter 3) medical education
4) In London the private anatomy schools, which had competed with each 。 到 1870 proved good business.
other for decades, became incorporated with the hospitals, but in the 4) 在伦敦，相互竞争了几十年的私立解剖学校与医院合并，但在各省， 4) In London the private
provinces private 私 立医学院一直延续到1870年以后，利用医院进行临床教学，但没有正 anatomy schools, continued
medical schools continued beyond 1870, using the hospitals for clinical 式隶 属于医院。 beyond 1870
teaching but not formally attached to them.

1) Raised beaches often consist of areas of sand, pebbles, or dunes, sometimes 翻译：
containing seashells or piles of debris comprising shells and bones of marine 1) 凸起的海滩通常由沙子、鹅卵石或沙丘组成，有时含有贝壳或由人类
animals used by humans. 使 用的海洋动物的贝壳和骨骼组成的成堆碎片。 1) 海滩由沙子，鹅卵石组 1) beaches often consist of
2) The location of these heaps of rubbish can be an accurate indicator of earlier 2)这些垃圾堆的位置可以准确地指示早期海岸线。 成 2) 垃圾堆显示早期海岸 areas of sand, pebbles,
82 Raised coastlines. 3)以东京湾为例， 日本新石器时代（约公元前10000年至300年）的贝壳 3) 东京湾 2) rubbish， earlier coastlines.
beaches 3) In Tokyo Bay, for example, shell mounds of the Jomon period (about 10,000 丘 标志着海岸线的位置，当时是最严重的海水泛滥期（6500-5500年前） 4) 热带动物显示水温高 3) Tokyo Bay
to 300 B.C.E.) mark the position of the shoreline at a time of maximum ， 4) subtropical species,
inundation by the sea (6,500-5,500 years ago), when, through tectonic 当时，通过构造运动，相对于当代日本大陆而言，海平面比现在高出3至 indicating a higher water
movement, the sea was 5 米。 temperature.
three to five meters higher in relation to the contemporary landmass of Japan 4) 对贝壳本身的分析证实了海洋地形的变化，因为亚热带软体动物只在
than at present. 最 盛时期出现，说明水温较高。
4) Analysis of the shells themselves has confirmed the changes in marine
topography, for it is only during the maximum phase that subtropical species of
mollusc are present, indicating a higher water temperature.

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1) If you want to visit Mars, visit Turkey. 翻译

2) That's where you'll find lakes so salty that the only bugs able to live there are 1) 如果你想访问火星，访问土耳其。 1) 去火星，土耳其 1) Mars, visit Turkey.
species that could probably survive on Mars as well. 2)在那里，你会发现湖都非常咸，以至于唯一能在那里生活的虫子可能也 2) 唯一虫子在火星 2) only bugs，survive on Mar
3) For that reason, microbiologists in Turkey have surveyed the array of species 能在火星上生存。 3) 调查Acigol湖、Salda 3) surveyed，the Acigol, Salda
83 Mars and that inhabit the Acigol, Salda and Yarisli lakes. 3)出于这个原因，土耳其的微生物学家对栖息在Acigol湖、Salda湖和 湖和 Yarisli湖 and Yarisli lakes.
Turkey 4) They're hopeful that studying some of them will yield useful insights into the Yarisli 湖的一系列物种进行了调查。 4) 微生物在火星 4) microbes exist, Mars
kinds of biology that could help microbes exist on Mars or other potentially 4) 他们希望通过对其中一些微生物的研究，能够对有助于微生物在火星
habitable planets and moons. 或 其他可能适宜居住的行星和卫星上生存的生物类型有更深入的了解。

1) Scientists have known for over a decade that the West Antarctic Ice Sh 翻译

eet has been losing mass and contributing to sea level rise. 1)科学家们十多年前就知道，南极西部冰盖的质量一直在减少，导致海平面上
升。 1) 南极西部冰盖减少
2) Its eastern neighbour is, however, ten times larger and has the potenti
2)然而，它东边的邻居面积是它的十倍，有可能使全球海平面上升约50米。 2) 东部面积大十倍 1) Decade,
al to raise global sea level by some 50 metres.
3)尽管南极东部冰盖的面积巨大，意义重大，但有关其近期活动的研究结果却 West Antarctic Ice Sheet
84 Antarctic 3) 研究结果矛盾
3) Despite its huge size and importance, conflicting results have been pu
相互矛盾。 2) Eastern, ten times larger
Ice 4) NASA发表研究，南极
blished on the recent behaviour of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet. 4)美国宇航局(NASA)的一组科学家领导的一项研究于2015年发表，该研究表 3) conflicting results
洲质量增加
4) A study led by a group of NASA scientists, that was published in 2015, s 明，南极洲这部分的质量正在增加，它弥补了西部的损失。 4) NASA scientists, Antarctica,
uggested that this part of Antarctica was gaining so much mass that it co gaining so much mass

mpensated for the losses in the west.

翻译 1) 沃尔玛客户月底钱变少 1) Walmart customer, less

1)Majority of Walmart customer have less money ‘at the end of the month.’ 1) 大多数沃尔玛顾客“月底”的钱都变少了。 2) 美国贷款是原因 money
85 Wal-Mart 2)This was cause from lending of U.S. 2)这是由于美国的贷款 3) 引起麻烦多 ‘
V2 3)This trend if confirmed will cause more trouble. 3)这种趋势如果得到证实，将会引起更多的麻烦。 4) 损害课控制 2) lending of U.S.
4) This damage is manageable. 4) 这种损害是可控的。 3) cause more trouble
4) damage

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1)With the Arctic the fastest warming region on the planet, climate change is already 翻译 1) 北极气候变化 1) Arctic, climate change
altering key components of the Arctic environment. 1)由于北极是地球上变暖最快的地区，气候变化已经改变了北极环境的关键组 2) 海冰变薄, 物种迁移 2) thinning, sea,
Arctic 2)Some of the clearest signs of change are the thinning and retreat of sea ice and th 成部分。 3) 北极的响应前所未有的影 migration of species
e migration of species into the Arctic that normally live at lower latitudes. 2)一些最明显的变化迹象是海冰变薄和退缩，以及通常生活在低纬度地区的物 3) response of the Arctic,
86 environme 响
3)The response of the Arctic to climate change will have an unprecedented impact o 种迁移到北极。
nt 4) 会影响英国的气候和经济 unprecedented impact
n how the Arctic ecosystem operates. 3)北极对气候变化的响应将对北极生态系统的运行产生前所未有的影响。 4) affect, climate, economy
4)This is likely to affect the UK' s climate and economy, with anticipated impacts on 4)这可能会影响英国的气候和经济，预计会对旅游业和渔业等行业产生影响。
industries like tourism and fisheries.

1）Poincaré had an especially interesting view of scientific induction. 翻译

2) Laws, he said, are not direct generalizations of experience; they aren't mere sum 1)Poincaré对科学归纳法有特别有趣的看法。 1) Poincaré对归纳法看法 1)Poincaré，view，
maries of the points on the graph. 2)他说，规律不是经验的直接概括;它们不仅仅是图表上点的总结。
Poincaré 2) 规律不是直接概括 scientific induction
3) Rather, the scientist declares the law to be some interpolated curve that is more o 3)相反，科学家宣称规律是某种或多或少光滑的插值曲线，因此会遗漏其中的
87 3) 科学家会遗漏一些点 2) Laws，
r less smooth and so will miss some of those points. 一些点。
4) 证伪过程更加间接 not direct generalizations
4) Thus a scientific theory is not directly falsifiable by the data of experience; instead 4)因此，科学理论不能直接被经验数据证伪;相反，证伪过程更加间接。 3) scientist，miss points
, the falsification process is more indirect.
4) falsification process，indirect

1） 翻译
Sometime about a million and a half years ago, some forgotten genius of the homini 1)大约150万年前的某个时候，原始人世界中某个被遗忘的天才做了一件意想 1)
d world did an unexpected thing. 不到的事情。
Teardrop- 1）150万年前天才做了一 a million and a half years, genius,
2）He (or very possibly she) took one stone and carefully used it to shape another. 2)他(或者很可能是她)拿起一块石头，小心翼翼地用它塑造另一块石头。
88 shaped 件事 2) took one stone, shape another
3）The result was a simple teardrop-shaped hand-axe, but it was the world’ 3)结果是一个简单的泪滴形手斧，但它是世界上第一件先进技术。
hand-axe 3) 他用石头塑造另一块石头 3) result,teardrop-shaped hand-
s first piece of advanced technology. 4)它比现有的工具要优越得多，很快其他人也开始效仿这位发明家，制作他们 3) 结果是手斧 axe
4）It was so superior to existing tools that soon others were following the inventor 自己的手斧。
4) 其他人也开始效仿 4) others, following
’s lead and making hand-axes of their own. 5)最终，整个社会的存在似乎只做其他事情。
5）整个社会似乎只做其他 5) whole societies, do little else
5) Eventually whole societies existed that seemed to do little else.
事情

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1) Many Young children are inexperienced in dealing with emotional upheaval. 翻译：
2) As a result, they lack the coping strategies that many adults have. 1)许多小孩子没有处理情绪波动的经验。 1) 孩子处理情绪波动 1) Many Young children，
3)In particular, many young children lack the verbal skills to express their 2)结果是，他们缺乏许多成年人所拥有的应对策略。 2) 缺应对策略 emotional upheaval.
89 Young emotions and to effectively communicate their need for emotional support. 3)特别是，许多幼儿缺乏表达情感和有效表达他们对情感支持的需要的语 3) 特别缺乏技能 2) lack the coping strategies
children 4) The frustration of not being able to effectively communicate may manifest 言技能。 4) 无法沟通 3) not being able to effectively
itself in alternative behaviors. 4)无法有效沟通的挫败感可能会表现为其他行为。 5. 选取防御机制 communicate
5) Strategies that children may employ at this age are commonly referred to as 5)儿童在这个年龄可能使用的策略通常被称为防御机制。 4) defence mechanisms
defence mechanisms.

1) Playwrights come to their craft with different aesthetic sensibilities. 翻译

2) They create recognizable worlds with troubling relevance to human behavior and 1)剧作家以不同的审美情趣进入他们的艺术领域。 1) 剧作家进入艺术领域 1) Playwrights, craft
Playwrights social themes. 2)它们创造了与人类行为和社会主题相关的可识别世界。 2) 创造了可识别世界 2) create recognizable worlds
90 3) Others dismiss the "illusion of the rea" to engage us in political arguments or abs 3)另一些人无视“真实的幻觉”，让我们卷入政治争论或荒谬的隐喻。 3) 另一些人让我们卷入政治 3) Others, political arguments
urdist metaphors. 4)桑顿·怀尔德(Thornton Wilder)和田纳西·威廉姆斯(Tennessee Williams)， 争论 4)
4) Thornton Wilder and Tennessee Williams, on the one hand, and Bertolt Brecht an 以及贝托尔特·布莱希特(Bertolt Brecht)和塞缪尔·贝克特(Samuel Beckett)
4) 剧作家有处理方法 playwrights, different approache
d Samuel Beckett, on the other, are playwrights with very different approaches to e ，这两位剧作家对同理心和审美距离有着截然不同的处理方法。 s
5)这些作家共同的艺术表现
mpathy and aesthetic distance. 5)然而，这些作家都有共同的艺术表现手段——戏剧。 5) common, artistic expression-
——戏剧
5) However, these writers have in common their means of artistic expression- the play
the play.

1)Big Country Snake Removal responded to a home in Albany, Texas, after a 翻译: 1) restore his cable、saw some
man 1) 一名男子在试图修复电缆时，爬到房子下面，看到了一些蛇。 1) 修电缆时看到蛇. snakes
Big Country who was trying to restore his cable, climbed under the house and saw some 2)“他看到了‘几条’蛇，很快爬了出来，”Big Country Snake 2)看到蛇后爬出来 2) saw a 'few' snakes、 quickly
91 Snake snakes. Removal Facebook页面上的一篇帖子写道。 4) 一爬下去看到很多 crawled out
Removal 2)He saw a 'few' snakes and quickly crawled out," said a post on Big Country 3) “我们大约在午饭时间到达，我一爬下去就看到有很多，”帖子上说 3)最终响尾蛇被清除 3) far more than a 'few'
Snake Removal's Facebook page. 。 4) removing 45 rattlesnakes
3)"We arrived around lunchtime and as soon as I crawled under I could 4)该公司最终从房子下面清除了45条响尾蛇。
immediately see that there was far more than a 'few,'" the post said.
4) The company ended up removing 45 rattlesnakes from beneath the house.

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1)People didn't know pandas well. 翻译：

2)Now, people can attach a GPS to them. 1)人们不太了解熊猫。 1) 人们不太了解熊猫. 1) didn't know pandas well
92 Pandas 3)This GPS can transmit data every a couple of hours for up to two years. 2)现在，人们可以在手机上安装GPS。 2)现在装GPS去了解. 2) attach a GPS
4) Then it is found 5 pandas' habitats sometimes overlap. 3)这个全球定位系统每隔几小时就可以传送数据，最长可以持续两年。 4) 3)GPS可以传送数据. 3) transmit data
然后发现五个大熊猫的栖息地有时是重叠的。 4) 发现栖息地有时重叠. 4) habitats sometimes overlap

1) Aboard the ship Discovery, Hudson left England in April 1610. 翻译： 1) 赫德森离开英国. 1) Hudson left England
2) He and his crew, which again included his son John and Robert Juet, made 1）1610年4月，赫德森乘坐“发现”号船离开了英国。 2)他和他的船员横渡了大 2) He and his crew、the Atlantic
their way across the Atlantic Ocean. 2) 他和他的船员，也包括他的儿子约翰和罗伯特·朱埃，横渡了大西洋。 西 洋. Ocean
93 Hudson 3) After skirting the southern tip of Greenland, they entered what became 3)他们绕过格陵兰岛南端，进入了后来被称为哈德逊海峡的地方。 3)绕过格陵兰岛，进入哈 3) Greenland、the Hudson
known as the Hudson Strait. 4) 这次探险后来到达了另一个与他同名的地方——哈德逊湾。 德 逊海峡. Strait
4) The exploration then reached another of his namesakes, the Hudson Bay. 4) 另一个与他同名的地方 4) another of his namesakes、
——哈德逊湾. the Hudson Bay

1) The leggiest creature on Earth lives in California: it's a three-centimeter-long 翻译：（此翻译为正确顺序） 1) 地球上腿最长的动物：
(1) 2 inch) millipede with 750 legs. 1）地球上腿最长的动物生活在加利福尼亚:它是一种长3厘米（1) 2英 寸 千 足虫.
2) First seen by government scientists in 1928, Illacme plenipes, 'the acme of ），有750条腿的千足动物。 2)它被称为“多腿典范” 1) The leggiest creature、
plentiful legs', keeps such a low profile that for the rest of the 20th century the 2)Illacme plenipes是政府科学家在1928年首次发现的，它被称为“多腿 ，误 认为灭绝了. millipede 2) the acme of
94 Millipede species was thought to be extinct. 典范 ”, 它的知名度非常低，以至于在20世纪剩下的时间里，人们都认为 3)然后在硅谷附近发现了 plentiful legs、
3) Then University of Arizona entomologist Paul Marek spied one near Silicon 它已经 灭绝了。 一 只. thought to be extinct
Valley 3)然后亚利桑那大学昆虫学家保罗· 马里克在硅谷附近发现了一只。 4) 发表论文，对它进行了 3) Silicon Valley
4) Marek and colleagues' new paper, published Wednesday by the journal 4) 马里克和他的同事们于本周三在“动物园钥匙”杂志上发表了一篇新 科 学描述 4) new paper、the first
Zookeys, offters the first scientific description of Illacme plenipes, including 论 5）另外，雌性有多达750 scientific description
insights into its strange anatomy. 文，首次对Illacme plenipes进行了科学描述，包括对Illacme plenipes 条 腿. 5. Females、750 legs
5) For one thing, females have to up to 750 legs and males have more than 550. 奇怪 的解剖结构的洞察。
5）另外，雌性有多达750条腿，雄性有多达550条腿。

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翻译:
1) Bitcoin is an online money. 1)比特币是一种在线货币。 1) 比特币是在线货币. 1) Bitcoin、an online money
2) That's to say you need to download mobile phone app to use such money. 2)也就是说，你需要下载手机应用程序来使用这些钱。 2)用手机应用程序来使用 2) mobile phone app
95 Bitcoin 3) With above done it generates a bitcoin address. 3)与以上所做的它生成一个比特币地址。 这 些钱. 3) generates a bitcoin address
4) This address can only be used once. 4) 此地址只能使用一次。 3)生成一个比特币地址. 4) be used once
4) 地址只能使用一次.

1) Your first draft is complete, but your paper is far from finished. 翻译：（此处为正确序号） 1) 初稿已经完成. 1) first draft
2) The next step is to revise your paper: strengthen the content. 1)你的初稿已经完成，但你的论文还远未完成。 2)下一步是修改你的论文. 2) revise your paper
96 The first 3) Start this at least a week before your paper is due. 2)下一步是修改你的论文:加强内容。 3)至少截止前一周开始. 3) a week、 due
draft 4) In fact, you don't need to wait until you have a complete first draft to start 3)至少在论文截止前一周开始。 4) 不必等完整的初稿才修 4) a complete first draft、start
revising. 4) 事实上，你不必等到有了完整的初稿才开始修改。 改 5)可以在完成后修改单 revising
5) You can revise individual paragraphs as you finish them as well. 5)你也可以在完成后修改单独的段落。 独段 落. 5. revise individual paragraphs

1) During the past few years, some of the world's biggest names in high-end 翻译：
fashion have begun to see children's clothes as a promising sideline with which 1）在过去的几年里，世界上一些最知名的高端时尚品牌已经开始把童装 1) 高端时尚品牌把童装视 1) high-end fashion、children's
to extract more value from their main business. 视 为一个很有前途的副业，通过这个副业，他们可以从主营业务中获得 为 有前途的副业 clothes、a promising sideline
2) Jean Paul Gaultier, Chloe and John Galliano have all launched children's 更多 的价值。 2)多品牌都推出过儿童服 2) launched children's clothes
97 Kids' clothes lines. 2)让·保罗·高缇耶(Jean Paul Gaultier)、克洛伊(Chloe)和约翰·加利亚诺 装 系列. lines 3) kids' clothing、the
clothing 3) But for France's Bonpoint, making kids' clothing is the main business. (John Galliano)都推出过儿童服装系列。 3)但Bonpoint来说，制作 main
business 4) Since Bonpoint was founded 40 years ago by clothes store owner Marie- 3)但对于法国的Bonpoint来说，制作儿童服装是其主要业务。 儿 童服装是其主要业务. business
France and Bernard Cohen, children and babies have been at the centre of the 4) 40年前，Bonpoint由服装店老板Marie-France和Bernard Cohen创立 4) 儿童和婴儿一直是该品 4) at the centre of the brand's
brand's ， 儿童和婴儿一直是该品牌发展的中心。 牌 发展的中心. development
development.

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翻译：
1)History is selective. 1) 历史是选择性的。 1) 历史是选择性的. 1) History is selective
2)What history books tell us about the past is not everything that happened, 2) 历史书告诉我们的关于过去的事情并不是所有已经发生的事情，而是 2) 历史书是历史学家的选 2) history books、what
98 History is but what historians have selected. 历 史学家的选择。 择 3) 他们选择东西都放进 historians have selected
selective 3)They cannot put in everything: choices have to be made. 3) 他们不能把所有东西都放进去:必须做出选择。 书里 4) 教的内容我们也必 3) choices have to be made
4) Choices must similarly be made about which aspects of the past should be 4) 同样地，对于过去的哪些方面应该以学校历史课的形式正式传授给下 须作出 选择. 4) taught to the next generation
formally taught to the next generation in the shape of school history lessons. 一 代，我们也必须作出选择。

1) Some plants can even survive in favorable microhabitats above the snow 翻译： 1) 有些植物可以在微生境 1) Plants、 survive in favorable
line. 2) The highest plants in the world occur at around 6, 100 meters on 1) 有些植物甚至可以在雪线以上良好的微生境中生存。 中 生存. microhabitats
99 The highest Makalu in the Himalayas. 2) 世界上海拔最高的植物生长在喜马拉雅山马卡鲁峰6100米左右的地方 2) 有植物生长在喜马拉雅. 2) Himalayas
plants 3) At this great height, rocks, warmed by the sun, melt small snowdrifts. 。 3)这里融化了一小堆雪堆. 3) melt small snowdrifts
4) This explains how, for example, alpine cushion plants have been found 3)在如此高的地方，岩石受到太阳的温暖，融化了一小堆雪堆。 4) 这就解释了可以在这里 4) Explains、 growing
growing at an altitude of 6, 180 meters. 4) 例如，这就解释了为什么人们发现高山垫状植物生长在海拔6180米的 生 存.
地 方。

1)Although origin in ritual has long been the most popular, it is by no means the 翻译： 1) 戏剧起源于仪式是最普
only theory about how the theater came into being. 1）尽管戏剧起源于仪式一直是最普遍的说法，但这并不是戏剧如何形成 遍 的说法. 1) origin in ritual、 the theater
2)Storytelling has been proposed as one alternative. 的 唯一理论。 2)讲故事被认为是另一种 2) Storytelling
3)Under this theory, relating and listening to stories are seen as fundamental 2)讲故事被认为是另一种选择。 选 择. 3) listening to stories、
100 The origin human pleasures. 3)根据这一理论，联系故事和听故事被视为人类最基本的快乐。联系故事 3)听故事是人类最基本的 fundamental human pleasures
of theater 4) To enhance their listeners’ enjoyment, storytellers continually make their 和听故事被视为人类最基本的快乐。 快 乐. 4) listeners’ enjoyment、
stories more engaging and memorable. 4) 为了增加听众的乐趣，讲故事的人会不断地让他们的故事更引人入胜 4) 增加听众的乐趣，让故 more
5)Thus, the recalling of an event (a hunt, battle, or other feat) is elaborated 、 更令人难忘。 事 引人入胜. engaging and memorable
through the narrator’s pantomime and impersonation and eventually 5）因此，对某一事件(狩猎、战斗或其他壮举)的回忆通过讲述者的哑剧 5）因此，回忆变得更加 5. recalling
through each role being assumed by a different person. 和 模仿而变得更加丰富，最终通过每个角色由不同的人扮演而变得更加 丰 富.
丰富
。

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解析：
1) A review is a survey of what you have covered. 1）第三句中讲到，重读是复习中一个重要部分，那么就会知道这篇主要 1) 复习是对你所涵盖内容 1) review is a survey、have
2) It is a review of what you are supposed to accomplish not what you are going 讲 的 调查. covered
101 Review to do. review，所以讲review的句子放在前面，所以第二句最合适做首句，讲 2)对应完成的任务的回顾. 2) supposed to accomplish
3) Rereading is an important part of the review process. review是什么 3)重读是一个重要部分. 3) Rereading、an important par
4) Reread with the idea that you are measuring what you have gained from the 2)第四句，接下来具体说具体review是要干什么 4) 重读时你要衡量获得了 4) gained from the process
process. 3)然后讲完review之后，再通过第三句引起reread 什 么.
4) 最后第一句展开开说reread是要干什么

1) In 1997 Lisa McKeon, a physical scientist with the United States Geological 翻译：
Survey who works in the park, came across a pair of historic photographs 1)1997年，在公园工作的美国地质调查局物理学家丽莎·麦肯偶然发现了 1) 发现冰川具有历史意义 1) historic photographs 、the
depicting the 两 张描绘她所研究的冰川的具有历史意义的照片。 的 照片. glaciers
102 Glacier glaciers she studies. 2)多年来，人们拍了无数关于这个宏伟公园的照片，其中许多已经成为公 2)拍了无数这个宏伟公园 2) countless photos、the
photograp 2) Over the years, countless photos of the majestic park have been snapped, 园官方档案的一部分，档案跨越了一个多世纪。 的 照片. majestic park
hs and many of those have become part of the park's official archive, spanning 3)这是一个灵光一现的时刻: 为什么不使用旧照片来创建一个变形冰川的 3)来创建一个变形冰川的 3) a timeline of the morphing
over a 时 间轴，然后每年添加新照片呢? 时 间轴. glaciers
century. 4) 重复摄影项目诞生。 4) 重复摄影项目诞生. 4) The Repeat Photography
3) It was a light bulb moment: Why not use the old photos to create a timeline Project
of the morphing glaciers, and add new photos every year?
4) The Repeat Photography Project was born.

1) If you look at how a US city is laid out on a map, you usually find a grid
pattern of streets going from north to south and east to west, and they cross at 翻译： 1) 美国城市街道呈网格状. 1) a US city、a grid pattern
a very precise 90 degree angle. 1) 如果你看看美国城市在地图上的布局，你通常会发现街道呈网格状， 2)在其他地方街道是蜿蜒 2) cities elsewhere、a
103 Grid 2) In cities elsewhere, such as those in many European countries, streets follow 从 南到北，从东到西，它们以非常精确的90度角相交。 而 行. meandering pattern
pattern of a meandering pattern, following the rivers and natural landmarks. 2)在其他地方的城市，比如在许多欧洲国家，街道是沿着河流和自然地标 3)这不是种古老的图案（ 3) an older, irregular pattern、
cities 3)This is not simply a case of an older, irregular pattern giving way to a later 蜿蜒而行。 自 然地蜿蜒）让位于后来 American invention
American invention, however. 3)然而，这并不仅仅是一种古老的不规则图案让位于后来的美国发明。 的美 国发明（网格状）. 4) ancient Romans、produced
4) The ancient Romans, for example, laid out their streets mathematically 4) 例如，古罗马人多年前就用数学方法规划街道，这也产生了网格模式 4) 古罗马人多年前就用网 a grid pattern
many years previously, and this also produced a grid pattern. 。 格 模式.

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1) Previous studies have shown that humans are unable to recognize melodies 翻译： 1) 人类无法识别高于5000 1) humans are unable to
whose notes have a fundamental tone above 5 kilohertz. 1) 先前的研究表明，人类无法识别基本音调高于5000赫兹的旋律。 赫兹的旋律. recognize 、5 kilohertz
2) It was thought that, at frequencies this high, the rapidly cycling sound wave 2) 人们认为，在如此高的频率下，快速循环的声波速度太快，听觉神经 2) 因为声波速度太快，听 2) the rapidly cycling sound
was too fast for the auditory nerve to cope with. 无 法应对。 觉 神经无法应付. wave、 the auditory nerve to
104 5 kilohertz 3) To test this theory, Andrew Oxenham and his colleagues at the University of 3)为了验证这一理论，明尼阿波利斯市明尼苏达大学的Andrew 3) 验证这一理论 cope with
sound Minnesota in Minneapolis asked a group of six students whether two four-note Oxenham 和他的同事们询问了一组六名学生两个四音符旋律是否相同。 4) 之前无法识别高于 3) To test this theory
melodies were identical or not. 4) 在之前的研究中，志愿者不能识别出基本音调高于5千赫的旋律。 5000 赫兹的旋律. 4) in previous studies、could
4) As in previous studies, the volunteers could not recognize melodies with 5)然后，研究团队选取了一个音调低于5千赫的基本音调，并对其进行数 5. 但这次志愿者们能够分 not recognize
fundamental tones above 5 kHz. 字 过滤，只留下高于6千赫的泛音。令人惊讶的是，志愿者们能够分辨出 辨 出这些旋律 5. the volunteers、distinguish
5) The team then took a fundamental tone pitched below 5 kHz and digitally 这些 旋律。 these melodies
filtered it to leavejust the overtones above 6 kHz. Surprisingly, the volunteers
were able to distinguish these melodies.

1) Historians are now agreed that beginning in the 17th century and cont
inuing throughout the 18th century, England witnessed an agricultural re 1）17th century,
翻译：
volution. 18th century, England,
1)历史学家现在一致认为，从17世纪开始，一直持续到18世纪，英国经历了一
2)English (and Dutch) farmers were the most productive farmers of the c 1)17-18世纪英国经历农 agricultural revolution
场农业革命。
105 Agricultural
entury and were continually adopting new methods of farming and expe 2)英国(和荷兰)的农民是本世纪最多产的农民，他们不断采用新的耕作方法， 业革命 2) English farmers,
revolution
rimenting with new types of vegetables and grains. 并试验新的蔬菜和谷物类型。 2) 英国农民最多 most productive
3)They also learned a great deal about manure and other fertilizers. 3）他们还学到了很多关于肥料和其他肥料的知识。 3) 他们学习肥料知识 3) Learned,
4)In other words, many English farmers were treating farming as a scienc 4)换句话说，许多英国农民把农业当作一门科学，所有这些兴趣最终导致了更 4) 英国农民把农业当科 manure and other fertilizers
高的产量。
e, and all this interest eventually resulted in greater yields. 学 4) English farmers, farming,
science

1)Hot- 翻译：
air balloons date back to the year 1783, and within a few months of the fi 1)热气球的历史可以追溯到1783年，在第一次飞行后的几个月内，一位法国科 1）法国科学家发明热气 1)Hot-air balloons,
rst flight a French scientist. Charles, went up two miles in a free balloon. 学家就发明了热气球。查尔斯，乘着自由气球飞了两英里。 球 French scientist
Hot-air 2)Yet there is little resemblance between these crude vehicles and a mod 2)然而，这些粗糙的运载工具和现代科学用的气球几乎没有相似之处，而现代 2）现代科学气球是工具 2)modern scientific ballon, t
106 balloons 科学用的气球现在已经成为一种重要的工具。 3）Schwarlschild和美国
ern scientific ballon, which has by now become an important tool. ool
3)主要的发展是由M. Schwarlschild和他在美国普林斯顿大学的团队与美国海
3)The main development has been carried out by M. Schwarlschild and h 海军合作
3)M. Schwarlschild,
军合作完成的。
4）平流层望远镜取得成
is team at Princeton University in the United States, in collaboration with 4) 1959年主要研究太阳的“平流层望远镜”飞行取得了显著的成功。 United States Navy
功
the United States Navy. 4)'Stratoscope'flights,
4)The 'Stratoscope'flights of 1959, concerned mainly with studies of the successful
Sun, were remarkably successful.

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1) Some psychologists believe that independent, peer-

reviewed research in the decades since the MBTI was devised has provid
ed something better than Myers-Briggs.
翻译：
2) They champion the notion of the "Big Five" personality trait-- 1)MBTI提供更好的东西 1)MBTI, provided,
1)一些心理学家认为，MBTI被设计出来后的几十年里，独立的、同行评议的研
2)推崇五个人格特征 something better
openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness and neurotici 究提供了比迈尔斯-布里格斯更好的东西。
107 "Big Five" 3)一个特质与MBTI有共同 2) "Big Five" personality trait
sm. 2)他们推崇“五大”人格特征——开放性、尽责性、外向性、亲和性和神经质
personality 之处 3) one trait, closely shared,
3) Of these, only one trait is closely shared with the MBTI--extroversion. 。
4)为什么现代科学的批评
4) Myers- 3)在这些特质中，只有一个特质与MBTI有密切的共同之处-外向。 MBTI
未影响普及
Briggs does not focus on "neuroticism" or, indeed, any similarly negative
4)尔斯-布里格斯并没有把重点放在“神经质”或任何类似的负面特征上，这或 4) why criticisms,
许可以解释为什么现代科学对这项测试的批评尚未影响到它的普及。 5)格兰特所说一句话
trait, which may point to one of the reasons why the criticisms lobbed at yet to undermine, popularity
5)正如亚当•格兰特(Adam Grant)所说:“到处告诉别人他们神经质、令人讨厌
the test by modern science have yet to undermine its popularity.
，这不会让你赢得任何朋友。”
5) As Adam Grant says, 'Going around telling people that they're neurotic
and disagreeable will not win you any friends.

1) To celebrate his first publication, Frost had a book of six poems privat
ely printed; two copies of Twilight were made--
翻译:
one for himself and one for his fiancée. 1)弗罗斯特印刷诗集 1)Frost, a book, printed
1)为了庆祝他的第一次出版，弗罗斯特私人印刷了一本包含六首诗的诗集;《暮
2) Over the next eight years, however, he succeeded in having only 13 mo 2)此后8年只发表了13首 2)next eight years, 13 poems,
光之城》制作了两份—一份给他自己，一份给他的fiancée。
First published
re poems published. 2)此后的8年里，他只发表了13首诗。 诗
108 publication
3) During this time, Frost sporadically attended Dartmouth and Harvard 3)在此期间，弗罗斯特偶尔上达特茅斯学院和哈佛大学，以教书为生，后来在 3)偶尔教书,后来农场工 3)Frost, teaching school,

and earned a living teaching school and, later, working a farm in Derry, N 新罕布什尔州德里的一个农场工作。 作 later, working a farm
4)但1912年，由于美国杂志不断地拒绝他的作品，他灰心丧气，带着家人去了 4)1912带着家人去了英 4)in 1912,
ew Hampshire.
英国，在那里他在事业上取得了更大的成功。
4) But in 1912, discouraged by American magazines' constant rejection o 国,取得成功 took family, England,

f his work, he took his family to England, where he found more professio professional success

nal success.

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1)Photogrammetry involves taking hundreds of photos of an object at

翻译：
slightly different angles and 'stitching' them together to create an 1)摄影测量拍摄数百张 1)Photogrammetry,
1）摄影测量涉及以略有不同的角度拍摄数百张照片，然后将它们“缝合”在
interactive digital 3D model. 照片,创建数字3D模型 hundreds of photos, digital
Photogram 一起，创建一个交互式的数字3D模型。
2)The process is already being used by the University of Aberdeen's 2)阿伯丁大学使用数字 3D model
2）阿伯丁大学(University of Aberdeen)解剖学部门已经在使用这一过程创建
109 metry
anatomy department to create digital models of organs and other body 器官和其他身体部位的数字模型，以帮助年轻医生的教学和学习。 模型 2)University of Aberdeen,
parts to aid teaching and learning for young doctors. 3）现在，同样的技术也被用于制作该大学博物馆藏品中的人工制品的虚拟复 3)技术也被用于虚拟复 create digital models
3)Now the same technology is being used to create virtual replicas of 制品，包括古埃及猫木乃伊、史前头骨和古希腊陶器。 制品 3)technology, being used,
artefacts within the University's museum's collections, including an 4）这些文物很少被处理，因为它们很脆弱。 4)文物很少被处理 virtual replicas
5）摄影测量法让公众和学生得以近距离、细致地观察它们。
ancient Egyptian mummified cat, prehistoric skulls and ancient Greek 5)摄影测量法观察它们 4)artefacts, rarely handled
pottery. 5)Photogrammetry, see them
4)These artefacts are rarely handled as they are so fragile.
5)Photogrammetry lets the public and students get to see them close-up
and in very high detail.

1) The people and events of the past can only be understood when viewe 翻译： 1)过去的人和事被理解 1)events, past,
d within the larger context in which they existed. 1)过去的人和事只有在他们存在的更大的背景下才能被理解。 2)将历史事件从时间分 be understood
2)如果将历史事件或主题从历史时间的网络中分离出来，以服务于其他课程目
2) That is not possible when historical events or topics are isolated and e 离是不可能的 2)not possible,
的，这是不可能的。
xtracted from the web of historic time to serve some other curricular pur 3)历史价值取决时间顺 historical events, isolated
110 Historic 3)历史的价值还取决于事件的时间顺序。
pose. 4)只有通过按时间顺序的调查，学生才能开始了解社会和文化变化的过程，这 序 3)value of history,
time
3) The value of history also depends upon the chronological presentatio 是历史的主要目的之一。 4)按时间顺序的调查,学 depends upon, through time
n of events through time. 生开始了解 4)chronological survey,
4) It is only through a chronological survey that students can begin to un students, understand
derstand the process of social and cultural change, which is one of the pr
incipal purposes of history.

翻译：
1）So now that you've completed the research project, what do you do? 1)完成了研究项目,现在 1)completed,
1）既然你已经完成了研究项目，你现在做什么?
2） 做什么 research project,
2）我知道你不想听这些，但你的工作还远远没有完成。
I know you won't want to hear this, but your work is still far from done. 3）事实上，最后阶段——撰写研究报告——可能是最难的阶段之一。 2）你的工作还没有完成 what do you do
Research
3）In fact, this final stage - writing up your research - 4)编写一份好的、有效的、简明的报告本身就是一种艺术形式。 3）撰写研究报告最难之 2)your work, far from done
111 project
may be one of the most difficult. 5)而且，在许多研究项目中，你需要写多个报告，以不同层次的细节向不同的 一 3)writing research,
4）Developing a good, effective and concise report is an art form in itself. 受众呈现结果。 4)编写报告是艺术形式 most difficult
5)And, in many research projects you will need to write multiple reports t 5)你需要写多个报告 4)Developing, report,

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hat present the results at different levels of detail for different audiences. art form
5)need to, multiple reports

1)Cameras help autonomous vehicles read street signs and the color of tr 翻译：
affic lights. 1)摄像头可以帮助自动驾驶汽车识别路牌和交通灯的颜色。 1)摄像头帮助识别路牌 1)Cameras, street signs,
2)But LiDARs, aka light detection and ranging systems, do the important 2)但激光雷达，又称光探测和测距系统，做传感和帮助汽车避开障 和交通灯 color, traffic lights
112 LiDAR 碍物的重要工作，无论是倒下的树，喝醉酒的司机，还是跑到马路
work of sensing and helping cars avoid obstacles, whether that's a fallen 2)激光雷达做传感 2)LiDARs, sensing
sensor
tree, drunk driver, or a child running out into the road. 上的孩子。 3)公司推出激光雷达传 3) startup, LiDAR
3)Now, a startup called Luminar Technologies Inc., is unveiling a high- 3）现在，一家名为Luminar Technologies Inc.的初创公司推出了 感器 4）raised $36 million
resolution LiDAR sensor that was five years in the making. 一款高分辨率激光雷达传感器，这款传感器研发了五年时间。 4)公司已获得3600万美
4)The startup, which has raised $36 million in seed- 4)这家初创公司目前已获得3600万美元的种子期融资，其激光雷达 元融资
stage funding so far, built its LiDAR systems from scratch. 系统是从零开始打造的。

1）Vision and echolocation have many features in common. 翻译： 1)视觉和回声定位有共 1)Vision, echolocation,
2)One narrow range of radiation--- 1）视觉和回声定位有许多共同的特点。 同特点 features in common
light in the case of vision, ultrasounds in the case of echolocation--- 2）一个狭窄的辐射范围——光线用于视觉，超声波用于回声定位— 2)辐射范围提供信息 2)radiation, provides,
113 Vision and
provides information relevant to a wide variety of cognitive and practical —提供了与各种各样的认知和实际目标有关的信息。 3)为什么视觉普遍,回声 information
echolocati
goals. 3)那么，为什么视觉如此普遍，而回声定位如此罕见呢? 定位罕见? 3)Why, vision, common,
on
3) Why, then, is vision so common and echolocation so rare? 4)因为，在大多数环境中，视觉更有效。 4)大多数环境视觉有效 echolocation, rare
4) Because, in most environments, vision is much more effective. 5)回声定位只能在视觉不可能或严重受损的生态位中才能适应，例 5)回声定位只能在生态 4)most environments, vision,
5) Echolocation is adaptive only in an ecological niche where vision is im 如，在洞穴中居住或夜间狩猎时，像蝙蝠一样。 位中才适应 effective
possible or badly impaired— 5)Echolocation,
for instance, when dwelling in caves and hunting at night, as bats do. ecological niche, adaptive

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1） 翻译： 1)学生需要安静环境阅 1) Students, need,

Some students say that they need completely quiet to read and study. 1）一些学生说他们需要完全安静的环境来阅读和学习。 读学习 completely quiet, read, study
2)Others study best in crowded, noisy rooms because the noise actually 2）有些人在拥挤嘈杂的房间里学习效果最好，因为噪音实际上有助 2)有些人嘈杂房间学习 2) Others, crowded, noise,
114 Noise and 于他们集中注意力。
helps them concentrate. 效果好 concentrate
Study
3)The point is, you should know the level of noise that is optimal for your 3）重点是，你应该知道什么样的噪音对你自己的学习最有利。 3)你应该知道什么样噪 3) Level, noise, optimal
own studying. 4）然而，对所有学生来说，一个普遍的规则是，电视似乎比音乐或 音有利 4) TV, distraction, music
4)However, one general rule for all students is that the television seems t 其他背景噪音更容易分散注意力，所以当你阅读或学习时，把电视 4)电视比音乐分散注意
o be more of a distraction than music or other background noise, so leav 关掉。此外，不要让你自己被电脑游戏、电子邮件或上网分心。 力
e the TV off when you are reading or studying. Also, don't let your self dis
tracted by computer games, email, or internet surfing.

1)Drug resistance is the leading cause of death in women with estrogen- 翻译：
receptor-positive breast cancer, the most common form of the disease. 1)在雌激素受体阳性乳腺癌患者中，耐药性是导致死亡的主要原因 1)雌激素乳腺癌患者,耐 1)women with estrogen-
2)Now, researchers have identified an ordinary dietary element that may 。雌激素受体阳性乳腺癌是乳腺癌最常见的形式。 药性导致死亡 receptor-
increase the chances of a breast cancer becoming drug-resistant. 2)现在，研究人员已经发现了一种可能增加乳腺癌耐药几率的普通 2)研究人员发现增加乳 positive breast cancer,
115 Drug
3)The connection of the amino acid leucine to drug resistance raises hop 饮食元素。 腺癌耐药几率饮食元素 disease
resistance
es that a relatively simple intervention, like a shift to a low- 3)氨基酸亮氨酸与耐药性之间的联系引发了人们的希望，通过一种 3)氨基酸亮氨酸与耐药 2)researchers,
leucine diet, can reduce the incidence of drug resistance, which is respon 相对简单的干预，比如转向低亮氨酸饮食，就可以降低耐药性的发 性的联系引发希望 dietary element, increase
sible for a large portion of the roughly 40,000 breast cancer deaths every 生率。每年大约有4万人死于乳腺癌，而耐药性是其中很大一部分原 4)可能开发出药物吸收 3) connection,
year. 因。 亮氨酸 amino acid leucine,
4)The work also raises the possibility that a drug could be developed to 4)这项研究还提出了一种可能性，即可能开发出一种药物，通过阻 drug resistance
mirror the effects of that dietary restriction, by blocking cells' ability to ta 断细胞从周围环境中吸收亮氨酸的能力，来反映这种饮食限制的影 4)drug, developed,
ke in leucine from the surrounding environment. 响。 take in leucine

1) We know very little about wild pandas because they are so rare and liv 翻译： 1)野生大熊猫稀有 1)wild pandas, rare
e in almost impenetrable forest. 1）我们对野生大熊猫知之甚少，因为它们非常稀有，生活在几乎无 2)2010年和2011年,5只 2) in 2010 and 2011,
2) But in 2010 and 2011, Vanessa Hull of Michigan State University and he 法穿越的森林里。 大熊猫安装GPS追踪项 attach GPS tracking collars,
GPS
r colleagues were given permission to attach GPS tracking collars to five 2）但在2010年和2011年，密歇根州立大学的瓦妮莎·赫尔 圈 five pandas
116 tracking
pandas in the Wolong National Nature Reserve in China. (Vanessa Hull)和她的同事获准在中国卧龙国家自然保护区的5只大 3)项圈传递动物的位置 3)collars, transmitted,
collars to
3) The collars transmitted each animal's position every four hours, for up 熊猫身上安装GPS追踪项圈。 4)大熊猫个体活动范围 animal's position
pandas
to two years. 3）项圈每4小时传递一次每只动物的位置，持续时间长达两年。 有重叠 4)pandas, overlapped
4) The team found that the home ranges of individual pandas overlappe 4）研究小组发现，大熊猫个体的活动范围有重叠，在某些情况下，
d and on a few occasions, two animals spent several weeks in close proxi 两只大熊猫会近距离相处几周。
mity.

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1)In 1875, the geologist Eduard Suess used the term biosphere to describ 翻译：
e the location where all living things dwell. 1) 1875年，地质学家爱德华·休斯(Eduard Suess)用生物圈这个词 1)地质学家用生物圈描 1)geologist, used, biosphere,
2)Since this initial formulation, the term has been further developed and 来描述所有生物居住的地方。 述生物居住地 describe, living things dwell
is now considered to encompass all the ecosystems of the Earth. 2)从最初的提法开始，这个词又得到了进一步的发展，现在被认为 2)这个词被认为生态系 2)the term, ecosystems
117 Biosph
3)It includes every living organism on the planet as well as their interacti 包括地球上所有的生态系统。 统 3)includes, every organism
ons with the earth, water, and air. 3）它包括地球上的每一种生物，以及它们与地球、水和空气的相互 3)它包括地球每一种生 4)biosphere, developed,
4)The biosphere is thought to have developed about 3.5 billion years ago 作用。 物 first living, began, appear
when the first living organisms began to appear. 4）生物圈被认为是在大约35亿年前第一批生物开始出现的时候发展 4)生物圈被认为第一批 5)scientists, biosphere,
5)Today, some scientists have argued that the biosphere itself is a kind o 起来的。 生物出现的时候发展 super organism
f super organism. 5）今天，一些科学家认为生物圈本身就是一种超级有机体。 5)科学家认为生物圈是 6)plants, animals,
6)Each of the plants, animals and other organisms serve as just a piece of 6）每一种植物、动物和其他有机体都只是整体的一部分。 超级有机体 a piece of the whole
the whole. 6)植物、动物只是整体
一部分

1) Totalitarianism is a political and social concept that explains a form of

government where the state has all control over the civilians. 翻译： 1)极权主义是概念 1) Totalitarianism, concept
2) Such government assumes full power, without any limitations. 1)极权主义是一个政治和社会概念，它解释了一种政府形式，在这 2)政府拥有全部权力 2)government, full power
3) As put by Juan Linz, a totalitarian scholar, the three main factors of a t 种形式下，国家完全控制了平民。 3)极权主义政府三个因 3)three main factors,
Totalitarian
otalitarianism government are "a monistic center of power; an ideology 2)这样的政府拥有全部权力，没有任何限制。 素 totalitarianism
118 ism
developed, justified and pursued by the leadership; and mass participati 3)极权主义学者胡安•林茨(Juan Linz)认为，极权主义政府的三个主 4)整个20世纪,极权主义 4)20th century,
on in political and social goals encouraged and even demanded by that s 要因素是“一元论的权力中心;一种由领导层发展、证明和追求的意 是极端手段 totalitarianism,
ame leadership." 识形态;同样的领导人鼓励甚至要求大众参与政治和社会目标。” extreme measure
4) Throughout the 20th century, the manifestation of totalitarianism was 4)在整个20世纪，极权主义的表现是严酷政治事件的一种极端手段
an extreme measure of harsh political occurrences. 。

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1)Researchers surveyed more than 2,000 young people about their eatin
g habits in 1999. 翻译： 1)1999年调查饮食习惯 1)eating habits in 1999
2)When they surveyed the same group five years later, most teenagers w 1）1999年，研究人员调查了2000多名年轻人的饮食习惯。 2) 青少年吃更少水果和 2)teenagers, fewer fruits,
ere eating fewer fruits and vegetables. 2）当他们5年后对同一组人进行调查时，大多数青少年吃的水果和 蔬菜 vegetables
3)The researchers, led by Nicole I. Larson of the University of Minnesota S 蔬菜更少了。 3) 青少年水果和蔬菜摄 3)two dips, intake of fruits,
119 Eating
chool of Public Health, found two dips in the intake of fruits and vegetabl 3）由明尼苏达大学公共卫生学院的尼科尔·i·拉尔森领导的研究人 入量两次下降 vegetables
habits
es during the teenage years. 员发现，青少年时期的水果和蔬菜摄入量出现两次下降。 4) 第一次在青少年早期 4)first occurred,
4)The first occurred in early adolescence when consumption went down 4）第一次发生在青少年早期，当时饮食量减少了一半以上。 5) 第二次在青春期后期 early adolescence
by more than half a serving. 5）第二次出现在青春期后期，大小与第一次差不多。 5)second came,
5)The second came in late adolescence and was about the same size as t late adolescence
he first.

1)Student retention is a key concern in tertiary education enabling progr

ams with research showing that early engagement leads to higher compl 翻译： 1)学生保留率是关键问 1)Student retention,
etion rates. 1)学生保留率是高等教育项目的一个关键问题，研究表明，早期参 题 key concern
2)But how do students new to university education learn how to engage 与会导致更高的完成率。 2)学生如何有效地参与 2)students, how to engage,
effectively? 2)但是，刚接触大学教育的学生如何学习如何有效地参与? 3)本文概述参与框架 effectively
Student
120 retention
3)This article outlines an engagement framework that foregrounds Guida 3)本文概述了一个参与框架，将指导、鼓励、建模和结构(GEMS)作 4)该框架是从定性数据 3)article, outlines
nce, Encouragement, Modelling and Structure (GEMS) as a holistic appro 为促进有效学生参与的整体方法。 中开发的 4)framework, developed,
ach to facilitating effective student engagement. 4)该框架是从澳大利亚新南威尔士州南十字星大学“为成功做准备 qualitative data
4)This framework was developed from qualitative data gleaned from stu ”项目注册学生的定性数据中开发的。
dents enrolled in the Preparing for Success Program at Southern Cross U
niversity, New South Wales, Australia.

1)We' ll likely have two billion more mouths to feed by mid-century -- 翻译： 1)本世纪中叶,我们要养 1)mid-century, feed,
more than nine billion people. 1)到本世纪中叶，我们很可能还要养活20多亿张嘴——超过90亿人 活超过90亿人 nine billion people
2)But sheer population growth isn't the only reason we' ll need more foo 。 2)人口增长并不是唯一 2)sheer population growth,
Sheer
d. 2)但是纯粹的人口增长并不是我们需要更多食物的唯一原因。 原因 isn't, only reason
121 population
3)The spread of prosperity across the world, especially in China and Indi 3)世界范围内，特别是中国和印度的繁荣，正在推动对肉类、蛋类 3)中国和印度的繁荣推 3)China and India, increased,
growth
a, is driving an increased demand for meat, eggs, and dairy, boosting pre 和奶制品的需求增加，增加了种植更多玉米和大豆以喂养更多牛、 动需求增加 demand
ssure to grow more corn and soybeans to feed more cattle, pigs, and chic 猪和鸡的压力。 4)要求2050年种植两倍 4)require, double, crops,
kens. 4)如果这些趋势继续下去，人口增长和更丰富的饮食的双重打击将 的作物 2050
4)If these trends continue, the double whammy of population growth an 要求我们到2050年种植大约两倍的作物。
d richer diets will require us to roughly double the amount of crops we gr
ow by 2050.

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1)Researchers studied groups of people from the University of Wisconsin 翻译:

-Madison community, ranging in age from 18 to 65. 1.研究人员研究了威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校的年龄在18至65岁之间
2)The first group was asked to perform simple tasks, like pressing a butto 的群体。 1)研究人员研究18至65 1)Researchers, studied,
n every time they took a breath or clicking in response to a letter poppin 2.第一组被要求执行简单的任务，例如每次屏住呼吸时都按一个按 岁之间的群体 ranging, age from 18 to 65
Wandering
g up on a computer screen; these tasks were so easy that their minds wer 钮或响应计算机屏幕上弹出的字母而单击；研究人员认为，这些任 2)第一组要求执行简单 2)first group, perform,
122 minds
e likely to wander, the researchers figured. 务太过简单，以至于他们可能会走神。 的任务 simple tasks
3)The researchers checked in periodically, asking the participants if their 3.研究人员定期检查，询问参与者他们脑子里的想法处于任务模式 3)研究人员定期检查 3)checked, periodically
minds were on task or wandering. 还是在走神。 4)他们衡量工作记忆能 4)measured,
4)When the task was over, they measured each participant's working me 4.任务结束后，他们通过让每个参与者在做数学方程式时记住字母 力 working memory capacity
mory capacity by having them remember letters while doing math equati 来衡量他们的工作记忆能力。
ons.

1) The Newnes railroad was closed in 1932 after 25 years of shipping oil s
hale. 翻译: 1)Newnes railroad, 1932,
2) The rails were pulled out of the 600- 1.经过25年的油页岩运输，Newnes铁路于1 932年关闭。 1)Newnes铁路1932年 closed
meter tunnel, which had been bored through the sandstone in the Wolle 2.铁轨从600米长的隧道中拉出来，这条隧道是穿过Wollemi国家公 关闭 2)rails, through, sandstone,
The glow
mi National Park, and the tunnel was left to its own devices. 园的砂岩，就剩下了隧道被留在那儿。 2)隧道穿过Wollemi砂 Wollemi
123 worms
3) For Newnes, that meant becoming home to thousands and thousands 3.对于纽恩来说，这意味着成为成千上万的萤火虫的家园。 岩 3)meant, home, glow worms
of glow worms. 4.发光虫是各种生物发光幼虫的总称，在这个例子中，是一种名为 3)这意味萤火虫的家园 4)glow worm, all name,
4) The glow worm is a catch- Arachnocampa richardsae的真菌蚊。在洞穴中发现了大量的这种 4)发光虫是发光幼虫的 bioluminescent larvae
all name for the bioluminescent larvae of various species, in this case, th 真菌幼虫，它们附着在废弃隧道的石壁上，用长长的发光的黏液串 总称
e Arachnocampa richardsae, a type of fungus gnat. Found in massive nu 捕食。
mbers in caves, the fungus gnat larvae cling to the rocky walls of the aba
ndoned tunnel and hunt with long, glowing strings of sticky mucus.

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1) Hip hop emerged as a reaction to the gang culture and violence of the
South Bronx in the 1970s, and daily experiences of poverty, racism, exclu 翻译: 1)嘻哈是对20世纪70年 1)Hip hop, 1970s,
sion, crime, violence, and neglect. 1.嘻哈是对20世纪70年代南布朗克斯的帮派文化和暴力的一种反应 代帮派文化和暴力的反 gang culture, violence
2)It necessarily embodies and values resilience, understanding, commun ，也是对贫困、种族主义、排斥、犯罪、暴力和忽视的日常体验。 应 2)resilience, understanding, c
ity and social justice. 2.它必然体现和重视弹性、理解、社区和社会正义。 2)它的体现 ommunity, social justice
124 Hip hop
3)Without these, Hip Hop culture would never have been, and it is becau 3.没有这些，嘻哈文化将永远不会存在，正是因为这些价值观仍然 3）嘻哈是社会变革的强 3)powerful agent,
se these values remain at its core that Hip Hop is such a powerful agent o 是其核心，所以嘻哈是世界各地积极社会变革的强大动力。 大动力 social change
f positive social change around the world. 4.然而，嘻哈项目还没有摆脱这些困难的环境。 4）嘻哈项目还没摆脱困 4)hip hop project, not yet,
4)Yet, the hip hop project is not yet free from these difficult circumstance 境 free, difficult circumstances
s.

1) According to experts, feeding birds is probably the most common way 翻译:
in which people interact with wild animals today. More than 50 million A 1.据专家表示，喂鸟可能是当今人类与野生动物互动的最常见方式
mericans engage in the practice, collectively undertaking an unwitting ex ，超过5000万的美国人参与了（喂鸟）这项活动，一起进行了大规 1)喂鸟是与动物互动的 1)feeding birds, common wa
periment on a vast scale. 模的没有意识的实验 方式 y, interact, wild animals
125 Feeding
2) Is what we’re doing good or bad for birds? 2.这样喂鸟的行为是好是坏呢？ 2)喂鸟的行为是好是坏 2)doing good, bad, for birds
birds
3) Recently, researchers at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology sought to answ 3.最近，Cornell Lab of Ornithology的研究院争取回答这个问题， 3)数据包含了近30年的 3)analyzing, three decades,
er this question, analyzing nearly three decades 分析了一项叫做FeederWatch的项目的数据，这些数据来自长达一 数据 data
’ worth of data from a winter-long survey called Project Feeder Watch. 个冬天的调查，包含了近30年的数据。 4)来拜访喂养者的物种 4)visiting, feeders, well
4) Preliminary results suggest the species visiting our feeders the most ar 4.初步结论表明，来拜访喂养者的物种在大陆上1/3的鸟类需要紧急 过得好 5)What about, bird, invasive
e faring exceptionally well in an age when one-third of the continent’ 保护的年代都过得特别好。 5)当帮助那只鸟是侵略
s birds need urgent conservation. 5. 尽管如此，偏袒在喂养者处进食鸟类小团体的差别会产生怎样的 性的会怎么样
5) Still, what are the consequences of skewing the odds in favor of the sm 后果呢？当我们帮助的那只鸟是侵略性的，就像家雀一样会怎么样
all subset of species inclined to eat at feeders? What about when the bird ？
we’re aiding is invasive, like our house finch?

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1)Short-term memory (SMT) can hold information anywhere between 15-

30 seconds. 翻译：
2)According to Miller's Magical Number Seven (1956), short-term 1)短时记忆(SMT)可以在15-30秒内保存任何地方的信息。 1)短时记忆在15-30秒保 1)Short-term memory, 15-30
memory has a limited capacity, being able to store 5 to 9 items 2)根据米勒的《神奇数字七》(1956)，短期记忆的容量是有限的， 存信息 seconds, hold information
simultaneously. 只能同时存储5到9个东西。 2)短期记忆容量是有限 2) limited capacity
126 Short-term
3)However, if we hear concepts or ideas repeatedly in an audio form we 3)然而，如果我们以音频形式反复听到概念或想法，我们就可以用 3)我们用声音对信息编 3)audio, encode
memory
can acoustically encode the information. 声音对信息进行编码。 码 4) long-term memories
4)It is a process referred to as "rehearsal", thereby committing it to our 4）这是一个被称为“排练”的过程，从而使它成为我们的长期记忆 4)使它成为长期记忆
long-term memories. 。

1)England’s most selective universities must do more to attract teenag

ers from disadvantaged backgrounds if they want to change higher tuitio 翻译：
n fees, the country’s fair access watchdog has warned. 1)英国公平入学监督机构警告说，如果英国最挑剔的大学想要改变 1)英国最挑剔的大学采 1)England, selective universi
2) Professor Les Ebdon, director of Fair Access to Higher Education, has s 较高的学费，就必须采取更多措施来吸引来自贫困家庭的青少年。 取措施吸引贫困青少年 ties, attract teenagers,
aid universities can no longer make excuses about the number of poorer 2)公平接受高等教育的主任莱斯·埃布顿教授说，大学不能再为招收 2)大学不能再为贫困学 disadvantaged backgrounds
127 Poor
students they take on. 的贫困学生人数找借口了。 生找借口 2)Professor,
students
3) In a statement issued yesterday, Prof Ebson dismissed the argument fr 3)埃布森教授在昨日发表的一份声明中，驳斥了美国最挑剔的几所 3)教授驳斥美国几所大 no longer make excuses,
om the country’ 大学的观点。这些大学声称，背景较差的年轻人通常成绩较差。 学 poorer students
s most selective universities, which claim that young people from poorer 4)埃布登教授说，这种针对美国最顶尖大学的防御“站不住脚”， 4)教授敦促大学扩大招 3)Prof, dismissed,
backgrounds generally secure worse grades. 他敦促各大学采取更多措施扩大招生。 生 selective universities
4)Such defenses 4)Prof, do more, widen
from the country’s most elite universities 'do not hold water', Prof Ebd intakes
on said, as he urged the institutions to do more to widen their intakes.

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翻译：
1)Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence have long been intrigue 1)长期以来，人工智能领域的研究人员一直对游戏感兴趣，而不仅 1)人工智能研究人员对 1)Researchers,
d by games, and not just as a way of avoiding work. 仅是为了逃避工作。 游戏感兴趣 artificial intelligence,
2)Games provide an ideal setting to explore important elements of the d 2)游戏提供了一个理想的环境来探索智能机器设计的重要元素，如 2)游戏来探索智能机器 intrigued, games
128 IBM AI
esign of clever machines, such as pattern recognition, learning and plann 模式识别、学习和规划。 的重要元素 2)Games, explore, elements
Deep blue
ing. 3)自从1997年在IBM超级计算机上运行的程序“深蓝”(Deep Blue) 3)人们认识到计算机将 3)computers, dominate,
3)Ever since the stunning victory of Deep Blue, a program running on an I 击败当时的国际象棋世界冠军加里•卡斯帕罗夫(Gary Kasparov)取 主宰游戏 game
BM supercomputer, over Gary Kasparov, then world chess champion, in 得令人震惊的胜利以来，人们就清楚地认识到，计算机将主宰这一 4)他们加紧了进攻 4)pressing, attack, front
1997, it has been clear that computers would dominate that particular ga 特殊的游戏。
me. 4)然而，今天他们在各方面都加紧了进攻。
4)Today, though, they are pressing the attack on every front.

1)The physical location of a in the competitive landscape of the city has l 翻译： 1)餐馆地理位置决定成 1)physical location,
ong been known as a major factor in its likely success or failure. 1.长期以来，餐馆在城市竞争环境中的地理位置一直被认为是决定 败 restaurant, success or failure
2)Once restaurants are established in such environments they can do littl 其成败的主要因素。 2)餐馆对自己的位置无 2)restaurants, do little,
e about their location. 2.一旦餐馆在这样的环境中建立起来，他们对自己的位置就无能为 能为力 location
129 Restaurant
3)All they can do is work to improve customer access to their premises. 力了。 3)他们让顾客更方便使 3) improve customer,
4)Restaurateurs often do this by engaging in battles with local authoritie 3.他们所能做的就是努力让顾客更方便地使用他们的服务。 用服务 premises
s about car parking. 4.餐馆老板们经常通过与地方当局就停车问题展开斗争来达到这一 4)老板展开斗争 4)battles, local authorities
目的。

1) The organization which has revealed that more than 60,000 species of
trees are available globally. The BCGI (Botanical Gardens Conservation In 翻译：
ternational), a charity that compiled the list of trees on the basis of data 1)一个组织发现全球有6万多种树木。BCGI(国际植物园保护组织)是 1)组织发现6万多种树木 1)organization, revealed,
Botanic
gathered from its network of 500 members organizations. 一个慈善机构，根据其500个成员组织网络收集的数据编制了树木名 2)研究人员收集了信息 60,000 species, trees
130 Garden
2) The researchers claim to have collected information over a period of t 单。 3)BGCI确定60,065种树 2)researchers,
wo years from sources including over 500 published contents and 80 exp 2)研究人员声称，在两年多的时间里，他们从超过500篇已发表的内 种 collected information
erts in the BCGI’s network. 容和80名卑诗安全局网络专家那里收集了信息。 4)超过一半的数据出现 3)BGCI, identified,
3) BGCI in collaboration with the International Union for Conservation of 3)BGCI与国际自然保护联盟合作，确定了60,065种目前生活在地球 在一个国家 60,065 tree
nature identified 60,065 tree species currently living on earth. 上的树种。 4)more than half, occur,
4) Of that number, more than half were found to only occur in a single co 4)该数据库的作者说，在这些数字中，超过一半的数据只出现在一 single country
untry, which could suggest an increased vulnerability to threats, said the 个国家，这可能意味着更容易受到威胁。
authors of the database.

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1) More recent missions to Mars include the hugely successful Mars Pathf 翻译：
inder, which landed a small 'rover' called Sojourner on the surface to exp 1.最近的火星探测任务包括非常成功的火星探路者号，它把一个叫 1)火星探测任务把漫游 1)missions, Mars, surface
lore a region where there may once have been life. 索杰纳的小漫游者送到火星表面，探索一个曾经可能有生命存在的 者送到火星表面 2)Sojourner, switched off
2) Sojourner has now been effectively switched off,but lasted almost twe 地方。 2)索杰纳已经关闭 3) lander, landing site,
131 Sojourner
lve times its expected lifetime. 2. 索杰纳现在已经被有效地关闭了，但是它的寿命几乎是预期寿命 3)着陆器进行了成像 imaged
3) Similarly the lander, which imaged several areas around the landing si 的12倍。 4)唯一不幸是着陆地点 4)only unfortunate,
te (dubbed the Carl Sagan Memorial site) and took atmospheric measure 3. 类似地，着陆器对着陆点周围的几个区域进行了成像并进行了大 的岩石的命名 naming of the rocks,
ments, lasted a good deal longer than expected. 气测量，持续时间比预期长得多。 landing site
4) The only unfortunate thing to have arisen from the mission is the nami 4. 从这次任务中唯一不幸的是着陆地点的岩石的命名(包括从史酷比
ng of the rocks at the landing site (including everything from Scooby Doo 到达斯·维德的所有东西)。
to Darth Vader).

1) A logical candidate for such a species is the chimpanzee, which shares

98.4% of the human genetic code. 翻译：
2) Chimpanzees cannot speak because, unlike homo sapiens, their vocal 1.一个合乎逻辑的候选物种是黑猩猩，它们共享人类98.4%的遗传密 1)黑猩猩共享人类 1)chimpanzee, shares 98.4%,
cords are located higher in their throats and cannot be controlled as deli 码。 98.4%遗传密码 genetic code
cately as human vocal cords. 2.黑猩猩不会说话，是因为它们与智人不同，它们的声带位于喉咙 2)黑猩猩不会说话 2)Chimpanzees cannot speak
3) It does not follow from their lack of speech, however, that chimpanzee 的高处，无法像人类的声带那样受到精细的控制。 3)并不意味黑猩猩没有 3)does not follow,
s are incapable of language. Perhaps they can acquire grammar like hum 3.然而，这并不意味着黑猩猩就没有语言能力。如果他们能用其他 语言能力 lack of speech
132 Chimpanze
ans if they could only express it some other way. 方式表达，也许他们也能像人类一样掌握语法 4)最明显的选择就是手 4)obvious alternative,
es V2
4) The obvious alternative is sign language, since all primates have extre 4.最明显的选择就是手语，因为所有灵长类动物的手都极其灵巧， 语 sign language
mely dexterous hands and sign language is a language. You have probabl 而手语也是一种语言。你们可能已经读过一般的黑猩猩是霍黑猩猩 5)所有这些动物被教导 5)these animals, taught, sign
y already read about the regular chimpanzees Was hoe and NimChimpsk 和尼姆姆斯基黑猩猩，还有低地大猩猩科科，它们都学会了用手势 要用手语
y, and the lowland gorilla Koko, all of whom learned to sign and interact ，并且与驯兽师进行非常自然的交流。
very naturally with their trainers. 5.所有这些动物都被教导要用手语来获得食物、挠痒痒、梳理毛发
5) All of these animals were taught to sign in order to get food, tickling, gr 、得到玩具，并离开笼子。那么问题来了:黑猩猩和大猩猩是手语吗
ooming, toys, and to get out of their cages. The question, then, is: is chim ?
panzee and gorilla signing language?

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翻译： 1)电子设备是人类进步 1)electronic devices,

1) The invention of electronic devices is a huge step and advancement of 1)电子设备的发明是人类的一大进步。 2)如洗衣机、电子游戏 huge step, humans
Electronic
humans. 2)如洗衣机、电子游戏机等。 机 2)washing machine, video ga
133 device
2) Such as washing machine, video game players, etc. 3)但如何处理这些电子垃圾已经成为一个问题。 3)如何处理电子垃圾成 me players
disposal
3) But how to deal with these e-waste has become a problem. 4)电子垃圾的数量以每年3%到5%的速度增长。 为问题 3)how, deal with, problem
4) The amount of e-waste has been growing by 3% to 5% every year. 4)电子垃圾的数量每年 4)e-waste, growing, 3% to 5%
3%到5%速度增长

翻译： 1)记者很难做到客观 1)journalists, difficult,

1) Experts especially journalists, inevitably find difficult to be objective b 1)专家，尤其是记者，不可避免地会发现由于他们的文化背景，很 2)记者尽量不带偏见 objective
ecause of their culture background. 难做到客观。 3)各个方面都考虑像号 2)Journalists, tried, not,
2) Journalists tried their best not to be biased. 2)记者们尽量不带偏见。 召每个候选人参加总统 biased
Objectivity
3) However, including every aspects of an issue is as easy as calling for ev 3)然而，把一个问题的各个方面都考虑进去，就像号召每个候选人 辩论 3)every aspects, calling,
134 of
ery candidate to participate in presidential debate. 都参加总统辩论一样简单。 4)有些方面没有包括 candidate,
Journalists
4) Some aspects are not included in the reporting. 4)有些方面没有包括在报告中。 presidential debate
4)Some aspects, not included

1) A Technology for recording brainwaves in wild animals awakens a mor 翻译：

e sophisticated understanding of the function of sleep. Studies using min 1)一项记录野生动物脑电波的技术使人们对睡眠的功能有了更深入 1)脑电波使人们更了解 1)brainwaves,
iature sleep recording devices known as neurologgers have already chall 的了解。使用微型睡眠记录设备——神经记录器——的研究已经对树 睡眠 understanding,
Sloths and
enged several longheld beliefs about the sleeping habits of sloths and bir 懒和鸟类的睡眠习惯的几个长期存在的观念提出了挑战。 2)三趾树懒睡眠时间要 function of sleep
135 birds
ds. 2)例如，三趾树懒的睡眠时间就比我们想象的要少得多。 少 2)Three toed sloths, sleep,
2) Three toed sloths, for example, sleep far less than once thought. 3)在三周的繁殖季节里，雄性鹬几乎可以完全不睡觉，这有助于最 3)雄性鹬几乎不睡觉 far less
3) And male sandpipers can go almost entirely without sleep during the t 大限度地提高成功率。 4)利用神经记录器调查 3)male sandpipers,
hree-week breeding season, helping maximize success at that time. 4)现在，墨尔本拉特罗布大学的约翰·莱斯库和他的同事们正在利用 光污染 entirely without, sleep
4) Now John Lesku of La Trobe University in Melbourne and his colleague 神经记录器来调查光污染是否会干扰澳大利亚塔马尔小袋鼠的昼夜 4)neurologgers, light polluti
s are using neurologgers to investigate whether light pollution interferes 节律。 on
with the circadian rhythms of tammar wallabies in Australia.

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1)Jean Briggs has worked with the Inuit of the Canadian Arctic and has d 翻译：
escribed how, within these communities, growing up is largely seen as a 1)吉恩·布里格斯曾与加拿大北极地区的因纽特人一起工作，并描述 1)吉恩·布里格斯曾与因 1)Jean Briggs, worked, Inuit
process of acquiring thought, reason and understanding (known in Inuit 了在这些社区中，人们是如何把成长过程主要看作是获得思想、理 纽特人工作 2)Young children, qualities
as ihuma). 性和理解的过程(因纽特人称之为伊胡马)。 2)幼儿不具备这些素质 3)parents, tolerance
136 Jean Briggs
2)Young children don't possess these qualities and are easily angered, cr 2)幼儿不具备这些素质，容易生气，经常哭闹，无法理解社会面临 3)父母对他们非常宽容 4)older, teach them
y frequently and are incapable of understanding the external difficulties f 的外部困难，如食物短缺。 4)当他们长大,父母才会
acing the community, such as shortages of food. 3)因为他们不能被说服，也不理解，父母对他们非常宽容和宽容。 试图教他们
3)Because they can't be reasoned with, and don't understand, parents tr 4)只有当他们长大了，开始有想法的时候，父母才会试图教他们或
eat them with a great deal of tolerance and leniency. 管教他们。
4)It's only when they are older and begin to acquire thought that parents
attempt to teach them or discipline them.

1) Back in 2008 a small company in San Francisco called Airbnb had a dre 翻译： 1)2008年Airbnb有一个 1)2008, Airbnb, dream
am. 1)2008年，旧金山一家名为Airbnb的小公司有一个梦想。 梦 2)spare bedrooms, strangers
2) People with spare bedrooms would welcome strangers into their hom 2)有空余卧室的人会欢迎陌生人到他们家里来，并与他们分享餐馆 2)空余卧室欢迎陌生人
es and share restaurant recommendations with them for a small fee. 的推荐，只收取少量的费用。 3)到2016年,Airbnb被认 3)2016, mainstay
137 Airbnb
3) Fast forward to 2016 and the big, successful Airbnb is considered a mai 3)快进到2016年，大而成功的Airbnb被认为是我们现在所说的“共 为是支柱 4)defines, mentality,
nstay of what we now call "the sharing economy". 享经济”的支柱。 4)定义千禧一代的心态 millennial
4) It is also the business that defines the mentality of the millennial. 4)正是这个行业定义了千禧一代的心态。

翻译：
1）Piano keys are generally made of spruce or basswood, for lightness. 1. 钢琴琴键一般由云杉或椴木制成，以减轻重量。 1)钢琴琴键由云杉或椴 1)Piano keys, spruce,
2）Spruce is normally used in high-quality pianos. 2.云杉通常用于高品质的钢琴。 木制成 basswood
3)Traditionally, the black keys were made from ebony and the white keys 3.传统上，黑色琴键是用乌木做的，白色琴键上覆盖着象牙条，但 2)云杉通常用于高品质 2)Spruce,high-quality pianos
138 Piano
were coveredwith strips of ivory, but since ivory- 由于产象牙的物种现在濒临灭绝，受到条约的保护，塑料现在几乎 3)塑料现在几乎被使用 3)plastics, used
yielding species are now endangered and protected bytreaty, plastics ar 完全被使用。 4)象牙比塑料更容易碎 4)ivory, chip, plastic
e now almost exclusively used. 4.此外，象牙比塑料更容易碎。
4）Also, ivory tends to chip more easily than plastic.

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