The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are 17 global objectives established by the United

Nations in 2015, aiming for social, economic, and environmental development by 2030. India
has integrated these goals into its national development strategies, launching numerous initiatives
to address them holistically.

For No Poverty (SDG 1), programs like the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana promote
financial inclusion, while the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
(MGNREGA) provides wage employment and financial security to rural households. The
Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) focuses on affordable housing for the poor.

Addressing Zero Hunger (SDG 2), the National Food Security Act (NFSA) provides
subsidized food grains, and the Mid-Day Meal Scheme improves nutritional status among
schoolchildren. The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) targets malnutrition.

For Good Health and Well-being (SDG 3), the Ayushman Bharat - Pradhan Mantri Jan
Arogya Yojana (PMJAY) offers health insurance coverage to vulnerable families. The
National Health Mission strengthens healthcare infrastructure, particularly in rural areas.

In promoting Gender Equality (SDG 5), campaigns like Beti Bachao Beti Padhao encourage
girls' education. The One-Stop Centre Scheme provides support to women affected by violence.

India ensures Clean Water and Sanitation (SDG 6) through the Swachh Bharat Mission and
the Jal Jeevan Mission, providing safe drinking water and sanitation facilities.

For Affordable and Clean Energy (SDG 7), initiatives like the International Solar Alliance
and the Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana promote renewable energy and clean cooking fuel.

Addressing Climate Action (SDG 13), India's commitment to the Paris Agreement and
initiatives like the Green India Mission focus on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and
increasing forest cover.

To foster Partnerships for the Goals (SDG 17), India engages in international cooperation
through platforms like the G20, BRICS, and the International Solar Alliance, promoting
global partnerships and sustainable development.

India's efforts demonstrate a comprehensive approach to sustainable development, addressing the

Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY)

This scheme aims to provide affordable housing for the urban and rural poor by 2022. It offers financial
assistance to eligible beneficiaries to help them build or renovate their homes. PMAY promotes the
vision of "Housing for All," ensuring that every Indian has access to a safe and secure living environment.
The scheme has both urban and rural components, catering to diverse housing needs across the country.
The government provides interest subsidies on home loans, making housing more affordable for low-
income families.

Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY)

Launched to provide clean cooking fuel, the scheme offers free LPG connections to women from below
poverty line (BPL) households. This initiative aims to replace traditional cooking methods that use solid
fuels like wood and cow dung, which are harmful to health and the environment. By providing LPG
connections, PMUY promotes better health, reduces indoor air pollution, and saves time and effort for
women who previously had to collect firewood.

Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM)

The SBM aims to eliminate open defecation and improve sanitation across India. It has led to the
construction of millions of toilets, significantly enhancing hygiene and living conditions. The mission
focuses on behavioral change and community participation, encouraging people to adopt safe sanitation
practices. Improved sanitation reduces the risk of waterborne diseases, contributing to better health
outcomes and overall well-being.

Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY)

This financial inclusion initiative provides bank accounts to the unbanked population, promoting access
to financial services such as savings, credit, insurance, and pensions. PMJDY aims to integrate the
economically marginalized into the formal banking system, enabling them to benefit from various
government schemes and subsidies. The initiative has helped millions of Indians gain financial literacy
and security, empowering them to manage their finances more effectively.

Ayushman Bharat - Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY)

One of the largest health insurance schemes globally, PMJAY offers hospitalization coverage to
economically vulnerable families. It ensures access to quality healthcare by covering medical expenses
for secondary and tertiary treatments. The scheme reduces the financial burden of medical expenses on
low-income families, preventing them from falling into poverty due to healthcare costs. PMJAY also
promotes preventive health and wellness through the establishment of Health and Wellness Centers
(HWCs) across the country.

Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY)

Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)

MGNREGA guarantees 100 days of wage employment per year to rural households. It provides financial
security and creates productive assets, contributing to poverty reduction. The scheme focuses on
creating sustainable livelihoods through the development of rural infrastructure, such as roads, water
conservation structures, and irrigation facilities. MGNREGA empowers rural communities by providing
them with stable income and fostering local development.

National Food Security Act (NFSA)

The NFSA aims to ensure access to affordable food for the poor. It provides subsidized food grains to
eligible households through the Public Distribution System (PDS). The act covers a significant portion of
the population, ensuring that vulnerable sections have access to adequate nutrition. By addressing food
insecurity, the NFSA contributes to improved health and well-being, helping to break the cycle of
poverty.

Deen Dayal Antyodaya Yojana (DAY)

This initiative focuses on skill development and livelihood promotion for the urban and rural poor. It
includes the National Urban Livelihoods Mission (NULM) and the National Rural Livelihoods Mission
(NRLM). The scheme aims to enhance the employability and income-generating capacity of marginalized
communities through capacity building, skill training, and entrepreneurship development. By creating
sustainable livelihoods, DAY helps individuals achieve economic independence and improved quality of
life.

Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT)

DBT aims to transfer subsidies and financial assistance directly to beneficiaries' bank accounts, reducing
leakages and ensuring timely disbursement of funds. The system promotes transparency and
accountability in the distribution of government benefits, ensuring that assistance reaches the intended
recipients. DBT helps to eliminate intermediaries, reducing the risk of corruption and ensuring that
resources are used efficiently to support poverty alleviation efforts.

These measures collectively address various aspects of poverty, from housing and sanitation to financial
inclusion and healthcare, reflecting India's commitment to achieving the "No Poverty" SDG.
Gender equality

India has made significant strides in promoting gender equality and empowering women as part of its
commitment to achieving the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of "Gender Equality" (SDG 5). Here’s
a comprehensive look at the various measures and initiatives:

1. Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP)

Launched to address the declining child sex ratio and promote the education and empowerment of girls,
BBBP aims to ensure the survival, protection, and education of the girl child. The campaign has increased
awareness about the importance of girls' education and improved their enrollment rates in schools. It
emphasizes community participation and encourages societal change towards valuing and nurturing
girls.

2. Mahila Shakti Kendra (MSK)

MSK focuses on empowering rural women through community participation. These centers provide
support and resources for education, health, and employment, fostering self-reliance among women.
MSKs offer skill development programs, capacity-building initiatives, and access to information on
various government schemes, helping women enhance their economic opportunities and improve their
quality of life.

3. Working Women Hostel Scheme

This scheme aims to provide safe and affordable accommodation for working women, enabling them to
balance their professional and personal lives without compromising their safety. The hostels are
equipped with essential facilities and security measures, ensuring a conducive environment for working
women. The scheme addresses the need for safe housing, allowing women to pursue their careers with
confidence.

4. Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana (SSY)

A government-backed savings scheme, SSY encourages parents to save for their daughters' education
and marriage. The scheme offers attractive interest rates and tax benefits, providing financial security for
the girl child. SSY promotes long-term savings and financial planning for girls, helping to reduce gender
disparities in education and economic opportunities.

5. One-Stop Centre Scheme (OSC)

OSCs provide integrated support and assistance to women affected by violence. These centers offer a
range of services, including medical, legal, and psychological aid, ensuring the safety and rehabilitation of
women. Operating 24/7, OSCs act as a single point of contact for women in distress, providing timely and
comprehensive support to address their needs.

6. Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY)

This maternity benefit program provides financial assistance to pregnant and lactating women to
improve their health and nutrition. PMMVY aims to reduce maternal and infant mortality rates by
promoting safe motherhood and ensuring access to essential health services. The scheme also
encourages institutional deliveries, contributing to better health outcomes for mothers and children.

7. Rashtriya Mahila Kosh (RMK)

RMK provides microfinance services to women entrepreneurs, enabling them to start and expand their
businesses. The initiative aims to enhance women's economic independence and reduce gender
disparities in entrepreneurship. By offering affordable credit and financial services, RMK supports
women's participation in economic activities and empowers them to achieve financial stability.

8. National Crèche Scheme

This scheme provides affordable daycare facilities for children of working mothers, ensuring their safety
and well-being. The crèches offer a nurturing environment and early childhood education, allowing
mothers to pursue their careers without worrying about their children's care. The scheme addresses the
need for reliable childcare support, enabling women to participate in the workforce.

9. Mahila Police Volunteers (MPV)

MPVs act as a link between the police and the community, helping to address issues related to women's
safety and security. They assist in reporting crimes against women, creating awareness about legal rights,
and providing information about available support services. MPVs play a crucial role in building trust
between the community and law enforcement agencies.

10. Stand-Up India

This initiative aims to promote entrepreneurship among women and marginalized communities by
providing loans for setting up enterprises. The scheme encourages women to become self-reliant and
contribute to economic growth. By offering financial support and mentorship, Stand-Up India fosters an
inclusive entrepreneurial ecosystem that empowers women to achieve their business aspirations.

These measures collectively address various aspects of gender equality, from education and health to
economic empowerment and safety. They reflect India's commitment to achieving the "Gender Equality"
SDG and creating a more inclusive and equitable society for women.
Life on land

India has undertaken several initiatives to protect and restore terrestrial ecosystems, manage forests
sustainably, combat desertification, and halt biodiversity loss as part of its commitment to achieving the
Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of "Life on Land" (SDG 15). Here’s an expanded explanation of
these measures:

1. National Afforestation Programme (NAP)

The NAP focuses on increasing forest cover and improving the quality of existing forests through
afforestation and reforestation efforts. The program aims to restore degraded lands, enhance
biodiversity, and promote sustainable land use practices. By planting native tree species, NAP supports
the regeneration of natural habitats and contributes to the overall health of ecosystems. The program
also involves local communities in afforestation activities, promoting community ownership and
stewardship of forest resources.

2. Green India Mission (GIM)

Part of the National Action Plan on Climate Change, the GIM aims to enhance ecosystem services such as
carbon sequestration, biodiversity, and water resources by increasing forest and tree cover. The mission
promotes sustainable forest management practices, including the adoption of climate-resilient species
and restoration of degraded landscapes. GIM also emphasizes community participation in conservation
efforts, empowering local communities to take an active role in protecting and managing their natural
resources.

3. Project Tiger

Launched in 1973, Project Tiger is one of the most successful wildlife conservation programs in India. The
project aims to conserve the endangered tiger population and protect their habitats through the
establishment of tiger reserves and stringent anti-poaching measures. Project Tiger focuses on habitat
restoration, addressing human-wildlife conflict, and engaging local communities in conservation
activities. As a result, the project has significantly contributed to the increase in tiger numbers and the
preservation of critical tiger habitats.

4. National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC)

The NAPCC outlines India's strategy to combat climate change, focusing on sustainable development and
promoting renewable energy, energy efficiency, and afforestation. The plan includes various missions,
such as the Green India Mission, to address climate change and protect terrestrial ecosystems. The
NAPCC emphasizes the integration of climate change considerations into national and state-level
policies, ensuring that development activities are environmentally sustainable.

5. Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority (CAMPA)

CAMPA was established to manage funds collected from industries for compensatory afforestation. The
authority ensures that afforestation and reforestation activities are carried out to compensate for the
loss of forest land due to industrial projects. CAMPA funds are used for plantation activities, wildlife
conservation, and forest management. The initiative aims to maintain the ecological balance and
mitigate the environmental impact of industrial development.

6. National Biodiversity Action Plan (NBAP)

The NBAP aims to conserve biodiversity, promote sustainable use of biological resources, and ensure fair
and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the use of genetic resources. The plan includes measures
to protect endangered species, restore degraded ecosystems, and promote biodiversity-friendly
practices in agriculture and forestry. The NBAP also focuses on raising awareness about the importance
of biodiversity conservation and involving various stakeholders in the implementation of conservation
initiatives.

7. Wildlife Protection Act

Enacted in 1972, the Wildlife Protection Act provides legal protection to wildlife and their habitats. The
act establishes protected areas such as national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and conservation reserves to
safeguard biodiversity. It also includes provisions for the prevention of poaching and illegal wildlife trade.
The act has been instrumental in preserving India's rich biodiversity and ensuring the survival of
numerous endangered species.

8. National Mission for a Green India

This mission focuses on enhancing forest and tree cover, restoring degraded ecosystems, and promoting
sustainable forest management practices. The mission aims to improve the quality of forests, enhance
biodiversity, and provide livelihood opportunities for forest-dependent communities. The initiative
involves reforestation, afforestation, and agroforestry activities, contributing to the overall health of
terrestrial ecosystems.

9. Desertification and Land Degradation Atlas

India has developed a Desertification and Land Degradation Atlas to monitor and assess the extent of
desertification and land degradation in the country. The atlas provides valuable data for planning and
implementing measures to combat desertification and restore degraded lands. By identifying areas at
risk of desertification, the atlas helps in prioritizing conservation efforts and allocating resources
effectively.

10. Community-Based Conservation Initiatives

India promotes community-based conservation initiatives that involve local communities in the
management and protection of natural resources. These initiatives empower communities to participate
in conservation efforts, promote sustainable livelihoods, and enhance the resilience of ecosystems.
Community-based conservation projects include joint forest management, community reserves, and eco-
tourism initiatives, which provide economic benefits to local communities while conserving biodiversity.

These measures collectively address various aspects of terrestrial ecosystem conservation, sustainable
forest management, and biodiversity protection. They reflect India's commitment to achieving the "Life
on Land" SDG and ensuring the health and resilience of its natural landscapes.
Partnership for goals

India has been actively working towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of
"Partnership for the Goals" (SDG 17). This goal emphasizes the importance of global partnerships and
cooperation to achieve sustainable development. Here’s an expanded explanation of the measures taken
by India:

1. South-South Cooperation

India has been a strong advocate of South-South Cooperation, which involves collaboration among
developing countries to share knowledge, resources, and technology for mutual benefit. Initiatives such
as the India-Africa Forum Summit and the Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation (ITEC) program
exemplify this approach. These initiatives aim to strengthen economic and technical cooperation,
promote capacity building, and enhance trade and investment opportunities among developing nations.

2. Membership in International Organizations

India actively participates in international organizations such as BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and
South Africa), the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), and the G20. These platforms provide
opportunities for India to engage in multilateral discussions, share best practices, and collaborate on
global issues such as climate change, economic development, and public health. India's leadership in
these organizations helps to foster global partnerships and promote sustainable development.

3. NITI Aayog

The National Institution for Transforming India (NITI Aayog) is the primary body responsible for
coordinating SDG implementation in India. NITI Aayog promotes cooperative and competitive federalism
among states, encouraging them to adopt and implement SDG-related policies and programs. The
organization also facilitates partnerships between the central and state governments, private sector, civil
society, and international organizations to achieve the SDGs.

4. Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs)

India has been leveraging Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) to mobilize resources and expertise for
sustainable development projects. PPPs involve collaboration between the government and private
sector to finance, design, implement, and operate infrastructure and service delivery projects. These
partnerships help to bridge the financing gap, enhance efficiency, and ensure the sustainability of
development initiatives. Examples of successful PPPs in India include projects in sectors such as
renewable energy, transportation, and healthcare.

5. Development Cooperation with Neighboring Countries

India has been actively engaged in development cooperation with its neighboring countries through
initiatives such as the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) and the Bay of Bengal
Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC). These regional platforms
facilitate collaboration on issues such as trade, connectivity, disaster management, and climate change.
India’s development cooperation efforts aim to promote regional stability, economic growth, and
sustainable development.

6. Collaboration with UN Agencies

India collaborates with various United Nations agencies and programs to achieve the SDGs. The UN
Country Team in India supports the government in addressing the interconnectedness of the goals,
ensuring that no one is left behind, and advocating for adequate financing to achieve the SDGs. The
collaboration includes technical assistance, capacity building, and policy support in areas such as health,
education, gender equality, and environmental sustainability.

7. Financing for Development

India has been working to mobilize domestic and international resources to finance sustainable
development projects. The government has introduced various measures to enhance tax revenue,
improve public financial management, and attract foreign direct investment (FDI). Additionally, India has
been exploring innovative financing mechanisms such as green bonds and social impact bonds to fund
development initiatives. These efforts aim to ensure that adequate resources are available to achieve the
SDGs.

8. Data and Monitoring

India has been strengthening its data collection and monitoring systems to track progress towards the
SDGs. The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) has been leading discussions
for developing national indicators for the SDGs. Improved data availability and quality enable evidence-
based policymaking, better targeting of interventions, and effective monitoring of progress. India’s
efforts to enhance data systems contribute to greater transparency and accountability in SDG
implementation.

9. Capacity Building and Knowledge Sharing

India has been investing in capacity building and knowledge sharing to enhance the capabilities of
various stakeholders involved in SDG implementation. This includes training programs, workshops, and
seminars for government officials, private sector representatives, and civil society organizations. By
building capacity and sharing knowledge, India aims to create a conducive environment for sustainable
development and foster a culture of innovation and collaboration.

These measures collectively address various aspects of global partnerships and cooperation, reflecting
India's commitment to achieving the "Partnership for the Goals" SDG.