Thank you very much for

purchasing a N ikon Microscope.

This microscope is a high precision
instrument with a very delicate
structure and varied functions.
Please thoroughly read this manual
first to use the microscope correctly.

CAUTIONS
DAvoid Strong Shocks! (;]When the Lamp Is On
Handle the microscope gently. taking Take care not to touch the lamp housing
care to avoid strong shocks. or bring Inflammable substances such as
gasoline. thinner and alcohol near It, as
fJWhen Carrying the Microscope
some parts of the lamp hOUSing become
When carrying the microscope, support
very hot.
the bottom of the microscope base. The
Instrument weighs about 7. 9kg. Do not mChanging the Lamp-bulb
hold the overhanging portion of the base. Before replaCing the Lamp~bulb, turn off
the main switch and disconnect the power
IiJPurpose
source plug. Before replaCing the
Use the microscope only for microscopIc
halogen lamp (6V~30W), be sure that It is
observations. Do not use It for any other
cool enough Do not touch the glass part
applications.
With your bare hands.
mPlace of Use mJDirt on the Lens
Avoid exposing the microscope to place
Do not leave dust, dirt or finger marks on
where it may be subject to dust,
the lens or bulb surfaces. They will
vibrations, high temperatures, mOisture
prevent you from obserVing the specimen
or direct sunlight.
clearly.
mlnstallation IDFocus Knobs
I nstall the microscope apart from wall In
Never attempt to adjust the tightness of
such a way that the lamp unit warning
the rlght~ and left~hand focus knobs by
label IS vIsible.
turning one while holding the other. It
G)lnput Voltage may cause problems. Avoid forCing the
Confirm that the Input voltage to the mlcro~ coarse focus knobs to turn past their
scope corresponds to your line voltage. limits since that may cause problems.

BLight Source
Use a 6V~30W halogen lamp Do not
use lamps other than the one specified on
p.41 (Electrical Specifications). If a lamp
of more than the suggested wattage IS
used, the light adjusting circuit may be
damaged.
 CONTENTS
I .NOMENCLATURE ························1 10. Use of Field Diaphragm .............. ·24
II.ASSEMBLY····································4 1 1 . Optical Path Change· Over ........ · .. ·24
III. MiCROSCOPy··························· 11 12 . Interpupillary DistanceAdjustment·25
N .OPERATIONS IN DETAIL ......... 17 13. Diopter Adjustment ..................... 25
1 . Orientation of the Dia·polarizer ...... 17 14. Oil Immersion Manipulation ........ ·26
2. Focusing and Centering the 15. Brightness and Contrast
Bertrand Lens' ............................. 18 Adjustment ............................... 27
3. SWing Out the Top Lens of the 16. Objectives and Eyepieces ............ 29
Condenser ................................. .. ·19 V .OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES ...... 30
4.1 !4A & Tint Plate ........................ 19 1 . Senarmont Compensator .............. ·30
5. Centering the Objectives ............... 20 2. Quartz Wedge .............................. 31
6. Stage Rotation .... · .. ...................... ·20 3. Pin Hole Eyepiece ........................ 32
7. Focusing .................................... 21 4. Attachable Mechanical Stage" ....... 32
8. Centering the Condenser ............... 22 5. Universal Epi-illuminator ............... 33
9. Use of Condenser Aperture VI.TROUBLESHOOTING ............... 35
Diaphragm ................................. 23 ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS ... 41

CARE AND MAINTENANCE

DCleaning the Lenses mWhen Not in Use
To clean the lens surfaces. remove dust When not in use, cover the Instrument
uSing a soft brush or gauze. Only when with the accessory vinyl cover, and store
removing finger marks or grease, use a it in a place free from moisture and
soft cotton cloth, lens tissue, or gauze fungus. It is especially recommended
lightly moistened With pure alcohol that the objectives and eyepieces be kept
(methyl alcohol or ethyl alcohol). For In an airtight container containing
cleaning the objectives of immersion oil desiccant.
use only xylene. Do not use xylene for GiPeriodic Checking
cleaning the surface of the entrance lens To maintain the best performance of the
of the eyepiece tube or the prism surface Instrument, we recommend that the
of the Ultra-Wide Eyepiece Tube "UW".
Instrument be periodically checked. (For
Observe sufficient caution In handling details of this check, contact your
alcohol and xylene (they are inflammable),
authOrIZed Nikon distributor.)
and the ON-OFF of the power source
sWitch. * Please note as per your N ikon warranty.
"Any defects or damage directly or
fjCleaning the Painted Surfaces indirectly caused by the use of
Avoid the use of any organic solvent (for unauthorized replacement parts and/or
example, thinner, ether, alcohol) for performed by unauthorized personnel"
cleaning the painted surfaces and plastic will void the warranty.
parts of the instrument. We recommend
you use the Silicon cloth.
8lNever Attempt to Dismantle!
Never attempt to dismantle the
instrument because you may impair the
functions.

..
II
 I • NOMENCLATURE
I . NOMENCLATURE

Binocular eyepiece tube

Eyepiece tube
Intermediate tube
clamp screw
Nosepiece centering
Bertrand lens
screw
centering screw
Centering revolving
nosepiece
Analyzer knob
CF Achromat P objective
Intermediate tube
(Stra in -free)
clamp screw

Revolving nosepiece
Specimen clip
clamp screw
Circular graduated
Coarse-focus torque
stage
adjustment ring

Stage clamp screw

Fine-focus scale
Condenser centering
screw
Lamp hOUSing
Condenser aperture
diaphragm control ring
Arm rest
Field diaphragm
control ring

Power switch

Brightness adjuster

Fig.1-1
1
II. ASSEMBLY
II. ASSEMBLY

To assemble the microscope, follow the procedures given from

CD to @. For details, read p.5 to p. 10.

%@

a®---...6
t
~CV
@

~Ptionall Fig.2

Tools: hexagon wrench (accessory), plus screwdriver, minus

screwdriver, coin, etc.
 I. NOMENCLATURE

Eyepiece

Diopter ring

Bertrand lens
centering screw Bertrand lens turret

Analyzer clamp screw Bertrand lens focus ring

Analyzer rotation ring 1/4'" & tint plate

Analyzer scale Vernier

Stage rotation
clamp screw
Coarse focus knob
Condenser top lens
swing~out knob
Fine focus knob

Power cord

Condenser focus
knob
(Optional)
Condenser clamp
screw

N D filter knob

Fig.1-2
2
 II. ASSEMBLY

CD Leveling Foot Screw

• For stable installation of the
microscope, manipulate the
adjustment screw at the
rear-right of the base
(Fig.2-1).

Fig.2-1
(2) Lamp and Lamp Housing
I CAUTIONS I
• Use the specified lamp "Nikon Halogen 6V 30W".
e Use the specified Halogen Lamp. See Electrical Specifications
on p.4 1 tor details .
• Keep the lamp cover on or use gloves when mounting the lamp
bulb, so as not to touch the surface directly with your fingers.
If the bulb surface IS contaminated with finger marks or dirt,
wipe them off with lens tissue. Be sure to remove the lamp
cover after mounting the lamp.
• Remove the lamp housing cover pressing the cover detaching
buttons (Fig. 2-2).
elnsert the lamp Into the socket pin holes until it reaches the limit
(Fig. 2-3).
• Reattach the cover.
Cautions when dismounting
• Turn oft the power switch. (Assure that It is off.) Do not touch the
lamp-bulb Immediately after turning It off because It is very hot.
Wait until it cools enough for replacing.
• Power supply cord should be kept away trom lamp housing while the
lamp hOUSing is hot.

Fig.2-2 Fig.2-3
5
 II. ASSEMBLY

Q) Objectives
• Screw in the objectives to the holes of the revolving nosepiece in
such positions that, when viewed from above, their magnifying
power increases as the nosepiece is revolved clockwise (Fig. 2-4).
Cautions when dismounting I
• Remove the NO filter cassette (Ex.)
If attached and lower the stage
by turning the coarse focus
knob.
• Remove any specimen from
the stage.
• Hold the objective so as not to
drop it when unscrewing.

Fig.2-4
® Stage
• Lower the substage by turning the coarse focus knob.
• Loosen the stage clamp screw sufficiently.
• Fit the stage to the circular dovetail of the substage 00. Fasten the
stage with the stage clamp screw ~ (Fig. 2-5).

Fig.2-5 Fig.2-6

@ Specimen Clip
.Insert the two speciment clips into the holes on the stage surface
(Fig. 2-6).

® Condenser
• Raise the substage by turning the coarse focus knob.
• Lower the condenser carrier to its limit by turning the condenser
focus knob .
• Insert the condenser into the condenser carrier 00 with the numerical
aperture plate facing toward the user. Fasten it with the condenser
clamp screw ~ (Fig. 2-7).
• Raise the condenser carrier to its limit by turning the condenser
focus knob.
6
 II. ASSEMBLY

Cautions when dismounting

• Remove the N D filter cassette
if attached .
• Lower the condenser carrier to
its limit by turning the
condenser focus knob.
Remove the condenser by
releasing the condenser clamp
screw.
Fig.2-7
(J) Dia-polarizer
• Fit the dia-polarizer into the bottom of the condensor (Fig. 2-8).

Fig.2-8 Fig.2-9
@ Intermediate Tube
• Mount the intermediate tube onto the microscope arm fitting the
notch of the circular devetail of the intermediate tube with the end of
the clamp screw. Tighten the clamp screw holding the mid-stem of
the hexgon wrench. Do not over tighten the screw holding the
L-shaped holder of the wrench. (Fig. 2-9)

® 1 /4A & Tint Plate

• Remove the screw from the side of the 1/4 A plate. I nsert the plate
Into the compensator slot of the intermediate tube facing the
positioning notches toward the user.
Screw in the screw once removed (Fig. 2-10).

7 Fig.2-10 Fig.2-11
 II. ASSEMBLY

@ Binocular Eyepiece Tube

e Mount the eyepiece tube onto the intermediate tube fitting the notch
of the circular dovetail of the eyepiece tube with the end of the
clamp screw. Tighten the clamp screw using the hexagon wrench.
(See @ and Fig.2-11 .)
I Cautions when clamping I
eTighten the eyepiece tube clamp screw holding the stem of the
hexagonal wrench. If overtightened holding the plastic part,
optical-path change-over of the eyepiece tube may be
malfunctioned.

QJ) Eyepiece
e Use the same magnification eyepieces for both the right and left
eyes.
elnsert the eyepieces into the sleeves of the binocular eyepiece tube
by engaging the three grooves of the eyepiece with the three
protrusions of the sleeve (Fig. 2-12).
e When using eyeguard rubbers, put them onto the eyepieces
(Fig.2-13).

Fig.2-12 Fig.2-13

*Rotation clamp ring for the eyepiece

The rotation clamp ring is mounted on the eyepiece sleeve to
prevent the rotation of the eyepiece.
When removing the eyepiece, take care not to accidentally hold this
ring and pull it out together with the eyepiece.

Rotation clamp ring

for the eyepiece

Fig.2-14 8
 II. ASSEMBLY

The rotation clamp ring must be removed when mounting the old
type of eyepiece. When attaching the ring again, note on the
following points.
uCaution when attaching rotation clamp ring
Hold the ring so that the ¢O.8 protrusion on the brim faces up.
There are two pawls on the ring and two grooves on the sleeve to
prevent the ring from failing off. Attach the ring so that these pawls
and grooves fits together.

Binocular eyepiece
O. 8-diameter protrusion Grooves tube sleeve

Pawls

Rotation clamp ring

for the eyepiece

Fig.2-15

@ Filter on the Filter Receptacle

Place the ¢45mm filter on the filter receptacle of the field lens part
(Fig. 2-16).

Fig.2-16 Fig.2-17

@ N D Filter Cassette (optional)

• Push down the ND filter cassette so the two protrusions of the
cassette bottom fit with the two mounting grooves on the rim of te
field lens part (Fig. 2-17) .
• When frequently lowering the stage, mount the ND filter cassette in
the direction as shown in Fig. 2-18 .
• When dismounting, push the cassette either to the left or right and
raise the opposite side.

9
 II. ASSEMBLY

Fig.2-18 Fig.2-19

@ Power Cord
e Connect the socket of the power cord to the AC inlet on the rear of
the base (Fig. 2-19). Plug in the other end of the cord to an AC line
receptacle with the ground conductor (earth conductor).

For 100-120Varea------------------------------~
e Use only the following power supply cord set.
U L listed, detachable cord set. 3-conductor grounding type SVT,
No. 18 AWG rated a minimum 1 25V, 7 A.
el n case of using the extension cord, use only the power supply
cord including PE wire.

For220-240Varea------------------------------~
e Use only the 3-pole power supply cord type H05VV-F or
H05VVH2-F, which must be approved according to DIN VDE
0625. The plug and the outlet are to be approved according to
DIN VDE 0620 and DIN VDE 0625, respectively.
e Class I equipment should be connected to PE (protective earth)
terminal.
eln case of using the extension cord, use only the power supply
cord including PE wire.

@ Hexagon Wrench
e The hexagon wrench IS stored
in the back of the microscope
sta nd .
Take it out as shown in
Flg.2-20.

Fig.2-20

10
 III. MICROSCOPY
III. MICROSCOPY

1) Put the NCB 11 filter (or

necessary filter) on the filter
receptacle of the field lens part
(Flg.3-1).

Fig.3-1
2) Mount the optional ND filter
cassette, if used (Fig. 3-2).
(Refer to II. ASSEMBLY- @
p.9.)

Fig.3-2
-""' ....
...----- ,
'\
3) Turn on the power switch rnto
light the lamp.
"
;,,;

, \, '
:~I
f'MoTe
Move the brightness adjuster
II~/
and align it with the 3rd scale
line from the right ~ (Fig. 3-3).

Fig.3-3
4) Pull the analyzer knob of the
intermediate tube rn to remove
the analyzer from the optical
path. Turn the Bertrand lens
turret to the position "0" ~ to
remove the Bertrand lens from
the optical path (Fig.3-4).

Fig.3-4

11
 Ill. MICROSCOPY

5) Move the filter knobs of the N D

filter cassette to the limit to
bring all ND filters into the
optical path (Fig. 3-5).

Fig.3-5
6) Revolve the revolving nosepiece
to swing in the 10 x objective to
the optical path. Assure that
the nosepiece properly settles in
position (Fig. 3-6).

Fig.3-6
7} Place the specimen (glass slide)
on the stage with its cover glass
facing up and fasten it with the
two specimen clips (Fig. 3-7).

Fig.3-7
8} Raise the condenser uppermost
using the condenser focus knob
(Fig. 3-8).

Fig.3-8

12
 1Il. MICROSCOPY

9) Fully open the

field and aperture
diaphragms
(Fig. 3-9).

Fig.3-9
10) Bring the object portion of
specimen into the optical path
(Fig. 3-1 0). (Object portion IS
just above the condenser
lens.)

Fig. 3-1 0
11) When the trinocular eyepiece
tube is used, change the
optical path of the eyepiece
Binocular

.....
part: 100%
tube to enter 100% of the light
into the binocular part
(Fig.3-11).
(See p. 24, Operations in
Detail-11.)

Fig.3-11
12) Focus on the specimen
looking in the eyepiece by
manipulating the coarse/fine
focus knob (Fig.3-12).

Fig.3-12

13
 Ill. MICROSCOP

13) Adjust the diopter (Fig. 3-13).

(See p. 25, Operations in
Detail-1 3.)

Fig .3-13
14) Adjust the interpupillary
distance (Fig. 3-1 4).
(See p. 25, Operations in
Detail-1 2.)

Fig.3-14
15) Center the obj.ective
(Fig.3-15).
(See p. 20, Operations in
Detail-5. )

Fig.3-15

14
 III. MICROSCOPY

16) Focus and center the

condenser (Fig. 3-16).
Image of field
diaphragm (See p. 22, Operations In
Detall-8. )

Eyepiece
viewfield stop

Image of field
diaphragm

17) Push In the analyzer knob to

put the analyzer Into the
Eyepiece optical path (Fig. 3-17).
~ viewfield stop

18) Revolve the revolving

Fig.3-16
nosepiece to the objective to
be used and focus on the
specimen by manipulating the
fine or coarse focus knob.
(See Note: 2.)
When using an oil immersion
objective, apply oil to the
space between the top of the
objective and the specimen.
Take care not to produce
Fig.3-17 bubbles in the oil. (See p. 26,
Operations In Detail-14.)
19) When the ND filter cassette is
used, Adjust the brightness by
sliding the filter knob. (See
p. 27, Operations In
Detail-l 5.)
When the N D filter cassette is
not used, adjust the
brightness of the lamp by
manipulating the brightness
adjuster.
20) Adjust the viewfleld and the
aperture diaphragms by
manipulating their respective
control rings. (See p. 23 and
24, Operations In Detail-9
and -10.)

15
 III. MICROSCOPY

Table 1

Orthoscopic microscopy Conoscopic microscopy

10 x or
IN
Top lens of higher
IN
condenser 4x or
OUT
lower

Bertrand lens OUT IN

lOx or 70%~80% of the Circumscribed the

numerical aperture
Aperture higher of the objective circumference of the
diaphragm 4x or conoscoplc field of view
Fully opened
lower (or fully opened)
10x or Circumscribed the
Circumference of the Circumscribed the
higher eyepiece field of view
Field diaphragm circumference of the
4x or
Fully opened orthoscopic field of view
lower

Note 1 Manipulate the condenser centering screws if part of the

viewfield is dark. If this doesn't help, check the following
items:
elnsertion/removal of the ND III. MICROSC;:OPY-5)
filter
eTurning the revolving III. MICROSCOPY-6)
nosepiece (click-stop position)
e Position of the condenser III. MICROSCOPY-B)
eViewfield and aperture III. MICROSCOPy-g)
diaphragms fully open
e Change-over of the optical III. MICROSCOPY-ll)
path of the eyepiece tube
e Mounting the lamp II. ASSEMBLY-CZ)
Lamp and Lamp
Housing
e Mounting the condenser II. ASSEMBLY-@
Condenser
e Placing the filter on the filter II. ASSEMBLY-@
receptacle Filter on the Filter
Receptacle

Note 2 Check the following items when the specimen cannot be

focused.
e Placing the specimen III. MICROSCOPY-7)
eThickness of the cover glass (standard =0. 17mm)

16
 N. OPERATIONS IN DETAIL (Operation part)
N. OPERATIONS IN DETAIL

1 . Orientation of the Dia-polarizer

(Dia-polarizer and analyzer)
CD Place the specimen on the stage, focus on the specimen using the
objective 40 x .
® Set the analyzer scale on the intermediate tube to o.
G) Insert the dia~polarizer into the bottom of the condenser as shown in
Fig .4.

Dark cross image

Fig.4 Fig.5
® Remove the eyepiece from the sleeve or put the Bertrand lens into the
optical path. Observing the exit pupil of objective inside, rotate the
dia~polarizer so as to form a dark cross image on the exit pupil as
shown in Fig. 5.
eThe analyzer can be rotated by loosening the analyzer clamp screw rn
and rotating the rotation ring ~.
The rotation angle can be read in the range between O· to 180" with
the unit of 0.1· by the vernier.
The analyzer can be removed from the optical path by pulling the
analyzer knob~. (Fig.6)
Note I As the depolarizer is built in the intermediate tube, you don't
need to be concerned about the relation between the
orientation of the polarizing plate and photomicrographic
device.

Fig.6
17
 N. OPERATIONS IN DETAIL

2. Focusing and Centering the Bertrand Lens

(Bertrand lens of the intermediate tube)
• When objectives are replaced. turn the Bertrand lens focus ring under
the Bertrand lens turret and focus the Bertrand lens.
Centering is carried out uSing the condenser aperture diaphragm
Image and the two centering screws. (Fig. 7)
Centering procedure for the Bertrand lens is the same as that for the
condenser except that the condenser aperture diaphragm image is
used in place of the field diaphragm image In condenser contering.
(Refer to Item 8.)
Note I Another Bertrand lens IS built in the optional tnnocular
eyepiece tube.
Turn the Bertrand lens nng to the position "B". and the
Bertrand lens will be brought into the optical path and a
conoscope image may be observed. (Fig. 8)

Fig.7 Fig.S

18
 lV. OPERATIONS IN DETAIL

3. Swing Out the Top Lens of the Condenser

(Swing-out condenser)
e The top lens of the condenser can be removed from the optical path by
the swing-out knob. (Fig. 9)
Bring the top lens into the optical path during normal orthoscopic
microscopy or conoscopic microscopy. Swing it out for orthoscopic
microscopy with 4 x or lower magnification obJective.
eWhen measuring the retardation or observing the interference color,
swing out the top lens (or stop down the condenser aperture
diaphragm) so as to make the illumination light flux as parallel as
possible to the optical axis.

Fig.9

4. 1/4;t & Tint Plate

eThe 1/4", & tint plate has an empty hole at the center. By pushing it
into the compensator slot, the sensitive tint plate (530nm) is brought
into the optical path and by pulling it out the 1/4", plate is brought into
the optical path.
It is used for recognition of very weak birefringence and the
determination of X' and Z' of the specimen.

19
 IV. OPERATIONS IN DETAIL

5. Centering the Objectives

(Centering revolving nosepiece, Circular graduated stage)
(Before centering the objectives, implement the microscopy procedures
from 1) to 14) so that a specimen is focused using the lOx objective.)
Make coincidence with the rotation center of the stage and the cross
lines center of the eyepiece by the following procedure.
CD Bnng an appropriate target on the specimen to the center of the cross
lines in the eyepiece.
(2) Insert the centering tools in the centering screws on the nosepiece.
(Fig. 10)
0

(J) Rotate the stage about 180 and the target is displaced from the
,

center of the cross lines. Move the objective using the centering tools
so that the center of the cross lines moves one half the displacement
of the target. (Fig. 11 )
e Repeat the above procedure two or three times.
e Carry out centeri ng for each objective.

\
Rotate
180 0
----,.-_

d
-----.
~Y·~I I Mid position of
Target displacement

Fig.10 Fig.11

6. Stage Rotation
(Circular graduated stage)
eThe stage can be rotated by
loosening the stage rotation
clamp screw.
The rotation angle of the stage is
readable with the accuracy of
0.10 via a vernier scale. (Fig. 1 2)
Rotation clamp screw

Fig.12

20
 N. OPERATIONS IN DETAIL

7. Focusing
(Coarse, Fine focus knobs and Coarse-focus torque adjustment
ring)
e Focusing is carried out by the coarse and fine focus knobs at the left
and right of the microscope stand.
eThe direction of vertical movement of the stage corresponding to the
turning direction of the focus knob is shown in Fig. 13.
e One rotation of the fine focus knob moves the stage 0.1 mm and the
graduation on the fine focus knob is 1 micron. One rotation of the
coarse focus knob moves the stage 1 2mm.
The range of coarse and fine motion is 2mm up and 28mm down
from the standard position.
Never turn the right or left knob while holding the other. It may
cause problems.
Do not turn the coarse and fine focus knobs further than the limit.
eThe rotation of the coarse-focus knob can be tightened when the
torque adjustment ring is turned counter-clockwise.

Fig.13

21
 N. OPERATIONS IN DETAIL

8. Centering the Condenser

(Condenser focus knob, condenser centering screw, Field
diaphragm control ring)
(Before focusing and centering the condenser, implement Microscopy
procedure from 1) to 15) and focus on the specimen with 10 x
objective. )
CD Close the field diaphragm to its smallest size by manipulating the field
diaphragm control ring. Rotate the condenser focus knob to move
the condenser vertically so that a sharp image of the field diaphragm
is formed on the specimen surface (Fig. 14~rn).

Image of field diaphragm

Fig.14
(2) If the image decenters from the viewfield of the eyepiece, bring it
roughly to the center of the viewfield by means of the condenser
centering screws (Figs. 14~[Z] and 15).
Q) Change to the 40 x objective. Focus on the specimen by turning the
fine focus knob and form an image of the field diaphragm on the
specimen surface by manipulating the condenser focus knob.
@ When the image decenters from the viewfield of the eyepiece, bring it
to the center of the viewfield by means of the condenser centering
screws. At this time, adjusting the field diaphragm image to be
slightly smaller than the viewfield of the eyepiece may be convenient
for centering (Fig. 14-~).

Fig.15
22
 N. OPERATIONS IN DETAIL

9. Use of Condenser Aperture Diaphragm

(Condenser aperture diaphragm control ring)
1) For orthoscopic microscopy
The condenser aperture diaphragm IS provided for adjusting the
numerical aperture (N. A.) of the illuminating system of the microscope.
It IS important because It determines the resolution of the image,
contrast, depth of focus, and brightness.
Stopping down the aperture diaphragm will lower the resolution and
brightness but Increase the contrast and depth of focus. In general,
when it is stopped down to 70%~80% of the numerical aperture of the
objective, a good image of appropriate contrast will be obtained
(Fig.l 6).

Exit pupil of
objective

Aperture
diaphragm

Size of the condenser aperture diaphragm

Fig.16
To adjust the size of the condenser aperture diaphragm, manipulate the
diaphragm control ring referring to the condenser's N. A. scale, or
observing the diaphragm Image VISible on the exit pupil inside the
objective. The eXit pupil can be seen by removing the eyepiece from the
eyepiece tube or putting the Bertrand lens into the optical path.
Stopping down the aperture diaphragm too far will lower the resolVing
power. Therefore, it IS recommended not to stop down the aperture to
a size smaller than 60% of the N. A. of the objective in use, except when
observing almost transparent specimens.
I Note I When SWinging out the top lens of the condenser (for
microscopy using 4 x or lower objective), fully open the
condenser aperture diaphragm.

2) For conoscopic microscopy

In conoscopic microscopy, the condenser aperture diaphragm works as
a field diaphragm on the conoscopic Image surface. Stop down the
diaphragm to such an extent that it clrcumscnbes the Circumference of
the field of view of the conoscopic Image (exit pupil of objective) to shut
out the stray light.

23
 N. OPERATIONS IN DETAIL

10. Use of Field Diaphragm

(Field diaphragm control ring)
The field diaphragm is used for determining the illuminated area on the
specimen. The size of the diaphragm is adjusted by manipulating the
field diaphragm control ring. In general stop down the diaphragm to
such an extent that the circumference of the illuminated area
circumscribes or inscribes that of the eyepiece field of view. If a wider
area than required IS illuminated, extraneous light will enter the field of
View, causing flare In the Image and lowering the contrast. Therefore.
especially In photomicrography. the proper adjustment of the field
diaphragm is very Important. Generally, good results will be achieved
when the diaphragm IS stopped down to such an extent that the
diameter of the illuminated area is slightly larger than the diagonal of the
film format.
Note eThickness of the glass slide must be 1 . 7mm or less,
otherwise. the field diaphragm image may not be focused
on the specimen surface.
eThis diaphragm does not work as the field diaphragm when
the condenser top lens IS swung out of the optical path. In
this case. fully open the diaphragm as the numerical
aperture of the illuminator will be cut off when this
diaphragm is excessively stopped down.

11 . Optical Path Change-Over

(Optical path change-over knob of the trinocular eyepiece tube)
As shown in Fig. 17. when the change-over knob is pushed until It
reaches the limit ell 100% of the light enters the observation tube.
When the change-over knob reaches the Intermediate click 1Zl. the
proportion of light entering the observation tube and photo tube will be
14: 86. When the change-over knob is pulled to the limit~. 100% of
the light enters the photo tube.

Fig.17 24
 N. OPERATIONS IN DETAIL

12. Interpupillary Distance Adjustment

(Observation tubes)
(Before adjusting the interpupillary distance, implement Microscopy
procedure 1) to 13) and focus on the specimen with the lOx objective.)
Adjust the interpupillary distance, so that both the right and left
viewfields become one (Fig. 1 8) .
This adjustment will enable the user to observe the specimen with both
eyes.

Fig.18

1 3. Diopter Adjustment
(Eyepiece)
(Before adjusting the diopter, implement MICROSCOPY procedures 1) to
12) and focus on the specimen with the lOx objective.)
Make diopter adjustments for both the right and left eyepieces.
CD Turn the diopter compensation rings on each eyepiece until the end
surface of the ring coincides with the engraved line.
(This is the position of 0 dioptic compensation.) (Fig. 19~ 1)
® Swing in the 40 x objective by turning the revolving nosepiece and
bring the specimen image Into focus by turning the fine focus knob (or
the coarse focus knob) .

End surface

p"
CFVVN lOx
~
V Engraved line

Fig.19-1 Fig.19-2

25
 N. OPERATIONS IN DETAIL

Q) Swing the 4 x or lOx objective into position. Without manipulating

the fine and coarse focus knobs, turn the diopter rings on the
eyepieces so that the specimen images in the right and left eyepieces
are focused individually (Fig. 19-2).
e Repeat the above procedure two times, to adjust the diopter perfectly.
eThe above adjustment, compensating diopter difference between the
user's right and left eyes, will keep the tube length of the microscope
correct. This enables the user to take full advantage of the high-quality
objectives, including their parfocality.

14. Oil Immersion Manipulation

(Oil immersion objective)
The CF achromat P objective 100 x is an oil immersion type, and is to
be immersed in oil between the specimen and the front lens of the
objective. Use only the included oil.
Apply the minimum amount necessary (the quantity that fills the gap
between the front of the objective and the specimen) to avoid a flow of
excessive oil that will adhere to the stage.
To see if air bubbles are present in the immersion oil, which deteriorate
the image quality, pullout the eyepiece from the eyepiece tube. Fully
open the viewfield diaphragm and the aperture diaphragm to examine
the objective exit pupil (bright circle) inside the tube.
To remove air bubbles, slightly rotate the nosepiece several times, or
apply additional oil, or replace the oil.
Any remnant of oil left on the oil immersion objective or adhesion of oil
to the front of the dry system objective will deteriorate the image quality.
Clean off the oil after using it and make sure that the oil did not adhere
to the front of other objectives.
To clean off the oil, wipe with lens tissue or a soft cloth, moistened with
xylene, lightly two or three times over the lens. It is essential at this time
to avoid touching the lens with a part of tissue or cloth already used.

Fig.20

26
 N. OPERATIONS IN DETAIL

15. Brightness and Contrast Adjustment

(Filters on the filter receptacle of field lens part, optional NO
filter cassette)
e Filters of 45mm in outer diameter can be placed on the filter
receptacle of field diaphragm ring part. If the thickness of the filter is
4.5mm or less, the ND filter cassette (optional) can be mounted with
the filter placed on the filter receptacle. Therefore, less frequently
changed filters such as shown in Table 2 are conveniently used placed
on the filter receptacle.
eOptional ND filter cassette, holding such ND filters as shown in Table
3, is conveniently used for brightness adjustment In general
microscopy and photomicrography.
Illumination brightness can be reduced to 1 /2 ~ 1 /128 by the
combined use of these filters. Securely change the filter knob when
inserting or removing the filters.
Any filters of 45mm in outer diameter and 3mm or less in thickness
ca n be mou nted to the N D fi Iter cassette.

Filters on Filter Receptacle Table 2

Name Purpose Use
For general microscopy and color
NCBll Color balancing
photomicrography
GIF Retardation measurement, For phase~contrast microscopy and
(Green Intcrff'rtHlCe) Contrast adjustment monochrome photomlcrC?Qraphy

Filters in N D Filter Cassette Table 3

Transmission Light Reduction by Filter Combination
Name
Rate 1 pc. 2pcs. 3pcs.
ND2

ND4

ND16
About 50%

About 25%

About 6%
~1/2

~1/4

.-.1/16
~"8 /
1/64 t 1/32
>-'/ '2
8

27
 N. OPERATIONS IN DETAIL

e Removing and mounting the N D filters

Use gloves or gauze so as not to touch the filters with your bare
hands.
Lay soft cloth such as gauze on a desk beforehand. Place the ND filter
cassette on it, spread the lever and remove the filter (Fig.21). When
mounting, insert the filter obliquely in the opposite side of the lever
and spread the lever from the lower side.

Fig.21
eTransparent Cover
Place the transparent cover on the N D filter cassette to protect the
filters from dust (Fig. 22-1). When the ND filter cass.ette is removed,
place the transparent cover on the field lens (Fig. 22-2). However,
remove the cover during observation or photomicrographing with the
viewfield diaphragm stopped down.

Fig.22-1 Fig.22-2
e Other filters
• ¢33mm Lemon skin filter
When the optional achromat condenser is used, insert the ¢33m m
lemon skin filter into the receptacle between the collector lens and
the lamp bulb. (Fig. 23-1)
• ¢45mm heat absorbing filter
When the heat absorbing filter is used, mount it into the diffuser
holder and insert into the bottom of the microscope base.
(Fig.23-2)
28
 N. OPERATIONS IN DETAIL

Caution when mounting

Two ¢45 filters (each should be less than 3mm in thickness) can be
set on the diffuser holder. Place the filter on the diffuser holder and
insert the holder into the base as shown in Fig. 23-2. (Since filters
are not securely fixed on the holder, do not turn the holder
upside-down while mounting.)

Q - 1:3
¢45mm filterA-D;ff"OO' holder

Fig.23-1 Fig.23-2

1 6. Objectives and Eyepieces

In the LABOPHOT2-POL, the CF P objectives (strain-free) and CF
eyepieces based on the CF (Chromatic Aberration Free) system are
adopted. Always use the CF objective and the CF eyepiece in
combination.
Since the compensation of chromatic aberration is carried out
respectively in the objective and the eyepiece, the direct image produced
by the objective can be utilized for observation by a TV camera, etc.
- With the objectives marked" 1 60/0.1 T, use a coverglass of O. 17mm
in thickness.
-The indication" 160/-" on the objective means that no matter whether
a coverglass is used CJr not, no decrease of image definition or of
contrast will result.
-When the eyepiece with cross lines and scale is Inserted into the
eyepiece sleeve with the orientation pin fitted to the right-hand groove
of the sleeve, the O-direction of the analyzer and dia-polarizer are
aligned with the cross lines direction.
If the orientation pin is fitted to the upper-right groove of the sleeve,
the cross lines will be aligned with the diagonal position of the
polarization.
- CF PL Projection lenses are exclusively designed for photomicro-
graphy. Do not use them for observation.
- For focusing with the binocular observation tube in photomicrography,
use the eyepiece with photo mask.

29
 v . OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES V. OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES

1 . Senarmont Compensator
To be inserted into the compensator slot of the intermediate tube in
place of the 1/4,,1. & tint plate to measure the retardation with the
accuracy of the lambda (A) unit. (Fig. 24)

Fig.24
1) Detecting extinction position
Rotate the stage with the specimen under the crossed Nicols to find
out the direction where the part of the specimen to be measured
appears darkest.
2) Detecting subtraction position
Rotate the stage 45° to bring it from the extinction position to the
diagonal position. Insert the 1/4,1 & tint plate into the optical path,
and confirm that the interference color of the part of the specimen to
be measured changes toward the lower order side. If the color
changes toward the higher order side, rotate the stage another 90°.
3) Measurement
Place the GI F filter on the filter receptacle, and replace the 1/4,1 &
tint plate with the compensator.
Rotate the analyzer so that the part of the specimen to be measured
becomes darkest.
Let the angle of the above analyzer rotation be theta (8) then the
retardation R (nm) will be obtained as follows:
8
R = 180,,1.
Where A: wave length of the light used for the measurement
When the GIF filter is used: ,,1.=546nm

30
 v . OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES

2. Quartz Wedge
To be inserted into the compensator slot of the Intermediate tube instead
of the 1/4,1. & tint plate. (Fig.25)
The quartz wedge is engraved with scale and used for the rough
measurement of retardation in the range of 1 A-6A.

Fig.25
1) Detecting extinction position
Detect the position where the part of the specimen to be measured
becomes darkest by rotating the stage under the crossed Nicols.
2) Detecting subtraction position
Rotate the stage 45° to bring it from the extinction position to the
diagonal position. Insert the quartz wedge into the optical path, and
confirm that the interference color of the part of the specimen to be
measured changes toward the lower order side.
If the color changes toward the higher order side, rotate the stage
another 90°.
3) Measurement
Slide the quartz wedge along the slot, and the interference color
changes.
Stop sliding the quartz wedge where the dark stripe covers the part of
the specimen to be measured. In this position, find the part with no
object under the same dark stripe, and compare the interference
color of that part with the Interference Color Chart to assume the
amount of retardation.
If the view field around the part to be measured is entirely filled with
the object, restrict the illumination to the part to be measured by
means of the field diaphragm, remove the specimen from the optical
path and then compare the interference color with the Chart.

31
 v . OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES

3. Pin Hole Eyepiece

Replace one of the paired eyepieces with the pin hole eyepiece. Remove
the Bertrand lens out of the optical path, and the conoscopic image can
be observed overlapping the orthoscopic image through the binocular
observation. (Fig.26)
In the above simultaneous observation of both images, the conoscopic
image may be observed deviated from the orthoscopic view field center.
The conoscopic image observed through the pin hole eyepiece is
represented by the conoscopic light flux that covers the central part of
the orthoscopic view field to the extent of about 1/20.

Fig.26

4. Attachable Mechanical Stage

Mount the attachable mechanical stage on the circular graduated stage,
Inserting the two positioning pins on the bottom of the attachable stage
Into the two pin holes on the graduated stage surface. Tighten the
clamp screw using a screwdriver or coin. (Fig. 27)
The attachable mechanical stage with point counters (whose pitch are
O. 2mm or O. 3mm) is also available. The point counter can be replaced
by releasing the head of the point counter using a coin and removing the
milled part of the counter.
To release the click-stop of the point counter, release the click spring
nut.

Fig.27 32
 V. OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES

5. Universal Epi-illuminator
Used for episcopic polarizing microscopy, mounted between the
LABOPHOT 2-POL stand and the intermediate tube.
1) Nomenclature and Assembly
Referring to Fig. 28, assemble in the order given.
CD Remove the eyepiece tube and the intermediate tube from the
microscope stand.
(Z) Mount the universal epi-illuminator on the microscope arm,
positioning the illuminator nearly parallel to the arm. Clamp the
screw.
Q) Attach the lamp bulb (1 2-50W Halogen lamp) and socket to the lamp
housing. Release sufficiently the clamp screw on the lamp housing,
and mount it to the universal epi-illuminator. Retighten the clamp
screw.
® Connect the lamp cord to the transformer.
® Remove the accessory ND32 filter slider from the illuminator. Insert
the polarizer slider into the illuminator until the slider clicks twice.
® Place the filters.
(j) Mount the intermediate tube onto the illuminator, fitting the notch of
the circular dovetail with the end of the clamp screw. Fasten the
clamp screw.
® Referring to p. 8, mount the eyepiece tube on the intermediate tube.

I Intermediate tube I
(1" I
~
Lamp housing clamp screw
~ Socket sleeve clamp screw
Aperture diaphragm ring~
Field diaphragm ring ~
II '" r 0 Lamp lateral centering screw

Universal ~ C41
epi-illuminator~ ~ I Transformer I
Lamp vertical centering ring

Optical-path
change-over knob

Dust-tight slider
...~
:5)
-- Polarizer rotation ring

I Polarizer slider
- Intermediate tube clamp screw

I Microscope arm I
Fig.28

33
 V. OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES

2) Preparation
(1) Centering the lamp
CD Make certain that the optical-path change-over knob is pushed in to
the limit.
(2) Turn ON the power switch on the transformer and set the voltage to
6V.
Q) Fully open the aperture diaphragm.
@ Place the ND filter on the stage and focus on it using the 10 x
objective.
@ Remove the eyepiece from the sleeve(or put the Bertrand lens into the
optical path), and looking into the exit pupil of objective, move the
lamp housing back and forth to form a sharp image of the lamp
filament on the diffuser of the exit pupil.
@ Manipulate the lamp centering screws to center the filament image on
the exit pupil.
(2) Orientation of polarizer
CD Roughly focus on the N D filter on the stage using the 40 x objective.
(2) Set the analyzer scale to "0".
Q) Bring the Bertrand lens into the optical path. Looking into the exit
pupil of the objective, rotate the polarizer rotation ring to form the
dark cross Image on the exit pupil. (Fig. 29)
Note I Take care not to touch the polarizer rotation ring while
observing the specimen, or the orientation of the polarizer will
have problems.
If it is touched by mistake, readjust the orientation.

Dark cross image

Fig.29
3) Objectives
Use the CF M Plan Achromat P series objectives (Strain-free, 210/45).

For microscopy, refer to the descriptions for diascopic polarizing

microscopy.

34
 VI. TROUBLESHOOTING
VI. TROUBLESHOOTING

SEEING AND OPERATION

Failures Causes Actions

Optical path In trinocular tube not

fully changed. Changeover the optical
path securely to
Optical path In trlnocular tube not binocular observation
changed-over for binocular tube. (p.24)
observation.

Revolving nosepiece not In Revolve It to click-stop

click-stop position (objective not position (put objective
centered In optical-path). Into optical path). (p.12)

Position correctly so the

Condenser IS too low. vlewfleld diaphragm
Image IS formed. (p22)

Darkness at the Condenser not centered. Centering. (p 22)

periphery.
Condenser not mounted correctly. Mount correctly. (p.6)
Uneven NO filter not fully changed-over. Changeover to the limit.
brightness of
viewfield. Field diaphragm closed too much. Open properly. (p.24)

Improper combination of objective

No appearance Use proper combination.
and condenser.
of viewfield.
Dirt or dust on the lens (field lens.
condenser, objective, eyepiece.
Cleaning. (p.ll)
eyepiece tu be entrance lens) or
specimen.

Lamp not mounted correctly. Mount properly (p.5)

Remove out of the

Bertrand lens In optical path.
optical path. (p.18)

Top lens of the condenser not fully Swing In or out to the

swung-out/ln . limit. (p.19)

1/4)" & tint plate or compensator

Insert properly. (p 19)
not In correct position.

35
 VI, TROUBLESHOOTING

Failures Causes Actions

Position correctly so the
Position of condenser too low, vlewfleld diaphragm
Image is formed, (p,22)
Dirt or dust in Aperture diaphragm too restricted. Open properly. (p.23)
the viewfield,
Dirt or dust on the lens (field lens,
condenser, objective, eyepiece,
Cleaning. (p.ii)
eyepiece tube entrance lens) or
specimen.

Aperture diaphragm too restricted. Open properly. (p.23)

Position correctly so the

Position of condenser too low. vlewfleld diaphragm
image is formed. (p.22)

Too thick or thin coverglass. Use specified thickness

No coverglass attached. (0.1 7mm) coverglass.

NCG objective for observing

Use normal objective for
specimen without coverglass used
observing specimen with
to observe specimen with
coverglas,s.
coverglass.

Poor image Normal objective for observing

obtained specimen with coverglass used to
Use NCG objective
(Contrast is too observe specimen without
strong or too coverglass.
weak,) No immerSion oil used on the front
(Details are not of immerSion system objective.
clear, ) Use Nikon Immersion
Immersion 011 used not the type oil. (p.26)
specified.

Air bubbles in immerSion 011. Remove bubbles. (p.26)

Immersion oil sOils the top of dry

Cleaning. (p.26)
system objective (especially 40 x).

Compensation ring of objective not Adjust to match

adjusted. coverglass.

Dirt or dust on the lens (field lens,

condenser, objective, eyepiece,
Cleaning.
eyepiece tube entrance lens) or
specimen.

36
 VI. TROUBLESHOOTING

Failures Causes Actions

Revolving nosepiece not In Revolve It to click-stop
click-stop position. position. (p.12)

One side of Place it stably by

image is dim. Specimen rises from stage surface. specimen clips on stage.
(p.12)

Stage tilted Attach correctly. (p.7)

Revolving nosepiece not In Revolve it to click-stop

click-stop position. position. (p.12)

Place It stably by
Image moves Specimen rises from stage surface. specimen clips on stage.
while being (p 12)
focused.
Condenser lens not correctly
Centering. (p.22)
centered.

Stage tilted. Attach correctly. (p.6)

NCB 11 filter not used. Use NCB11 filter. (p 11)

Image tinged
yellow. Lamp power source voltage too
Adjust the lamp voltage
low.
by manipulating the
Lamp power source voltage too brig htness adJuster. Use
Image too bright. the optional NO filter
high.
cassette If the constant
Lamp power source voltage too color temperature is to
low. be deSIred. (p. 11 &27)

Aperture diaphragm too restricted. Open properly. (p.23)

Not bright
enough (see also Position correctly so the
Electrical) . POSition of condenser too low. vlewfleld diaphragm
Image IS formed. (p.22)

Changeover so that
Optical path change-over of
100% of light enters
trlnocular tube not 100% binocular.
binocular part. (p.24)

37
 VI. TROUBLESHOOTING

Failures Causes Actions

Attach to stage with

coverglass up (when no
No focused Slide upside-down. coverglass, specimen
image obtained surface should be up).
with high power- (p.12)
objectives. Use coverglass of
Coverglass too thick. specified thickness
(017mm)

Attach to stage with

coverglass up (when no
Slide upside-down. coverglass, specimen
High-power surface should be up)
objective touches (p. 1 2)
the specimen,
Use coverglass of
when
Coverglass too thick. specified thickness
changed-over
(017mm).
from low power.
Diopter adjustment.
Eyepiece diopter not adjusted.
(p25)

Insufficient
parfocality of Diopter adjustment.
Eyepiece diopter not adjusted.
objective when (p25)
changed-over.

Movement of
image not
smooth when
moving the
Attachable stage not tightly fastened
specimen. Fasten it tightly. (p32)
to stage.
(When optional
attachable
mechanical stage
is used)

Travel of stage
limited to
one-half length
of slide. Improper attachment of attachable Shift the attach ment
(When optional stage. pOSition (p.32)
attachable
mechanical stage
is used)

38
 . TING

Failures Causes Actions

Adjust interpupillary
Interpupillary distance not adJusted.
distance. (p.25)

No cohesion of Diopter adjustment.

Eyepiece diopter not adJusted.
binocular image. (p.25)

Magnifications of right and left

Use same eyepieces.
eyepieces differ.

Adjust interpupillary
Interpupillary distance not adJusted.
distance. (p.25)

Diopter adjustment
Eyepiece diopter not adJusted.
(p.25)

Adjust the lamp voltage

Experiencing eye
by man Ipulatlng the
fatigue.
brightness adjuster. Use
the optional NO filter
Inadequate Illumination.
cassette and adjust the
brightness with

l
combination of NO
filters. (p.27)

39
 VI. TROUBLESHOOTING

ELECTRICAL
Failures Causes Actions
Connect the cord to
No electricity obtained.
socket.
Lamp does not
light even though No bulb attached. Attach lamp (p.5)
switched ON. Bulb blown. Replacement. (p.5)

Lamp not correctly mounted. Attach securely. (p.5)

Bulb about to blow. Replacement. (p.5)

Flickering and Connect power source

Connector not secure.
unstable cord securely. (p.l0)
illumination.
Bulb insuffiCiently Inserted Into the Positive connection.
socket. (p.5)

Bulb immediately
blown. Use 6V 30W halogen
Bulb used not the one specified.
Insufficient lamp.
illumination.

40
 ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS
For 100-1 20V a rea - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,
(1) Power Source: 100-120V AC, 0.8A, 50/60Hz
(2) Light Source
Lamp rating: 6V DC, 30W
Lamp type: Nikon 6V 30W Halogen lamp
(3) Protection Class: Class I
(4) Coforming Standards: This product conforms to UL 1262.
(5) Operating Environmental Conditions
Room temperature: 40°C max.
Relative humidity: 85% max.

For 220-240V area - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

(1) Power Source: 220-240V AC, 0.4A, 50/60Hz
(2) Light Source
Lamp rating: 6V DC, 30W
Lamp type: Nikon 6V 30W Halogen lamp
(3) Protection Class: Class I
(4) Coforming Standards: This product conforms to DIN VDE0411 and IEC1 01 O.
(5) Operating Environmental Conditions
Room temperature: 40°C max.
Relative humidity: 85% max.

REFERENCE
This manual Instructs only how to manipulate the LABOPHOT2-POL
microscope.
For the practical explanation on polarizing microscopy, refer to the
following special works:

."AN INTRODUCTION TO THE METHODS OF OPTICAL

CRYSTALLOGRAPHY"
-- F. Donald Bloss -
Holt, Rinehart and Winston

• "ORE MICROSCOPY"
- Eugene n. Cameron -
John Wiley & Sons. Inc .

• "THE POLARIZING MICROSCOPE"

- A. F. Hailimond .-
Vickers Instruments

41
• Nikon reserves the right to make such
alterations in design as may be considered
necessary in the light of experience. For
this reason, particulars and illustration in
this handbook may not conform in every
detail to models in current production.

42