PRACTICET TEST 24

I.LISTENING
Part 1 .
You will hear part of a discussion in which two consultants, Abbie Dale and Ryan Richardson, are
talking about two different small businesses that have achieved success. For question 1-5, choose the
answer (A, B, C or D) which best fits according to what you hear.
Write your answers in the corresponding boxes
1. What does the company Ryan has chosen encourage its customers to do?
A. Buy every kit it produces
B. Create new designs and submit them
C. Personalise their online purchases
D. Tell others how good the products are
2. According to Abbie, the social clothing company’s customers ______.
A. like to draw attention to themselves
B. are willing to help in publicity campaigns
C. show creativity in the videos they send in
D. have become fiercely loyal to the brand
3. Ryan believes that the main difference between two companies is______.
A. the number of employees they have taken on
B. the way in which they have developed
C. the variety of problems they have to solve
D. the age range they cater for
4. What does Abbie find most astonishing about the company she talks about?
A. Its skill in collaborating with partners.
B. The owner’s ability to keep developments secret.
C. The fact that it has grown so fast.
D. The number of products it aims to launch.
5. According to Ryan, people who buy and assemble the electronic kits ______.
A. should start their own businesses
B. are surprised by their simplicity
C. find the experience rewarding
D. aren’t frightened of making mistakes
Your answer:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Part 2. Questions 6-11. Complete the notes below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
NOTES ON ADULT EDUCATION CLASSES
Example: Answer
Number of classes per week 7
Tuesday:
 (6) ___________ Workshop 6-7.30 p.m.
Limited space: no more than (7) ___________ participants
 Book Club
Must read (8) ___________ books

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  (9) ___________ Group
Learn about local events last century
Wednesday:
 Scrabble Club (10) ___________ p.m.
Popular
Thursday:
 Chess Night
Serious
 (11) ___________
For special occasions

Questions 11-14. Complete the form below.

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
ADULTS LEARNERS' WEEK
No cost but must make (11) ___________
 September 1-8
Techno Expo
 Help you work with (12) ___________ tools
 Learn about online security issues and online entertainment
 Monday, 1-4.30 p.m.
Wednesday: (13) ___________
Venue: (14) ___________

Part 3. Questions 15-19.

Listen to the talk and choose the correct answer A, B or C.
Winridge Forest Railway Park
15. Simon's idea for a theme park came from ___________.
A. his childhood hobby B. his interest in landscape design C. his visit to another park
16. When they started, the family decided to open the park only when ___________.
A. the weather was expected to be good
B. the children weren't at school
C. there were fewer farming commitments
17. Since opening, the park has had ___________.
A. 50,000 visitors B. 1,000,000 visitors C. 1,500,000 visitors
18. The main idea of Liz's work is currently ___________.
A. advertising B. animal care C. staffing
19. What is the area of the Go-Kart arena?
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 A. 1.2 km² B. 120 m² C. 12 km²

Part 4. Questions 20-24.You are going to listen to Tim Cole talking about guidebooks and choose the best
answer (A, B, C or D), which fits best according to what you hear.
20. Once, when Tim used a guidebook in Australia, ___________.
A. he found the best budget hotel ever
B. it took him ages to find the place he was looking for
C. he ended up at an unexpected destination.
D. he travelled a lot to his favourite places
21. Tim believes the problem with guidebooks is that ___________.
A. some of them are very poorly researched
B. many things have changed by the time you read the book
C. they are only regularly updated
D. some passengers cannot book their hotels
22. The thing Tim particularly dislikes about guidebooks is ___________.
A. the recommendations about where to eat
B . that they have too much information about nightlife
C. the limited amount of information about history and culture
D. that they are too heavy to carry
23. Other things which should be included in guidebooks are ___________.
A. clear and detailed maps of the area
B. as much information as possible about an area
C. good pictures of well-known tourist sites
D. as much money as possible
24. What is Tim's view on digital guidebooks?
A. They can be problematic when downloading.
B. He can't find what he wants as easily as he can in a traditional guidebook.
C. He likes the fact that they're tailored to your individual requirements.
D. Too many travellers are too trusting of their guidebooks.

II.LEXICO-GRAMMAR
Part 1 .Choose the word/phrase that best completes each of the following sentences. Write your
answers in the corresponding numbered boxes.
1. He ______ so much harm on the nation during his regime that it has never fully recovered.
A. indicted B. inferred C. induced D. inflicted
2. Union leaders called for______ between themselves and the government.
A. speeches B. consultations C. debates D. elections
3. For many young people, driving cars at high speed seems to ______ a rather fatal fascination.
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 A. contain B. comprise C. weave D. hold
4. On the news there was some dramatic ______ of the earthquake that had been captured by an
amateur cameraman.
A. shooting B. scenery C. footage D. clipping
5. I did not mean to offend her but she took my comments ______ and now will not talk to me.
A. amiss B. awry C. apart D. aside
6. Serena is still ______ ignorant of the fact that she is about to be made redundant.
A. blissfully B. decorously C. jubilantly D. ecstatically
7. I know budgets are tight, but where safety is concerned I don’t think we should cut ______.
A. rounds B. ways C. corners D. lines
8. The flights are full at the moment, so you’ll have to ______.
A. run a stroke of luck B. get a better luck C. be down on your luck D. take pot luck
9. Given the appalling weather conditions on the top of the mountain, I’d say the chances of their
finding any survivors are very ______indeed.
A. narrow B. lean C. remote D. shallow
10. I’d say let’s meet on Saturday, but I’m none ______ sure what’s happening at the weekend.
A. so B. very C. that D. too
11. The price of bread has just doubled, but with ______ inflation what can you expect?
A. rampant B. profuse C. steadfast D. staunch
12.Some of the cattle were placed in quarantine for fear of the disease being ______.
A. contractual B. congenital C. contagious D. contentious
13.The question of peace settlement is likely to figure ______ in the talks.
A. prominently B. prolifically C. proportionately D. properly
14. The collapse of the silver market left him financially ______.
A. desolate B. dejected C. destitute D. derelict
15. What happened ______ their car broke down on the motorway so they didn’t get to Jo’s wedding on
time.
A. to be that B.being that C. was that D. to that
16. I wanted to talk, but she was determined to sweep the matter under the ______.
A. cupboard B. table C. carpet D. bed
17. I had to get through a lot of ______tape, but I finally got the documents I needed.
A. blue B. red C. pink D. yellow
18. Jack: This medicine tastes horrible! ~ Jill: ______, it will cure your cough.
A. Be that as it may B. Come what may
C. How much horrible is it D. Whatever it tastes
19. I’d give up my job ______ if only I could find a better one.
A. at one swoop B. at the drop of a hat
C. on the dot D. on the spur of the moment
20. Oil spills will ______ even the healthiest of marine ecosystem.
A. play havoc on B. break ground with
C. pay the consequences for D. take their toll on
21. I don't suppose you are telling us the true version of the story, ___________?
A. do I B. are you C. aren't you D. will you
22. Many craters on the Earth's surface were probably formed by very large meteorites ___________.
A. which smashed into the ground and an explosion
B. smashing into the ground and exploding

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 C. when smashed into the ground and exploded
D. they smashed into the ground and exploded
23. The young boys were fortunate ___________ before the building was engulfed in fire.
A. to rescue B. to have been rescued C. rescuing D. to have rescued
24. Gardeners must know ___________ in order to grow roses successfully.
A. that the requirements for each variety
B. what the requirements for each variety are
C. that the requirements for each variety are
D. what are each variety's requirements
25. How can I pull myself together when this is not ___________ a challenge?
A. more a worry than B. so much a worry as
C. worth worrying for D. as worrying as
26. ___________, watching our every move.
A. A tall man at the back of the room stood B. Stood a tall man at the back of the room
C. Stood at the back of the room a tall man D. At the back of the room stood a tall man
27. My new pullover ___________ to half of its previous size when I washed it.
A. dwindled B. reduced C. diminished D. shrank
28. Vinh Phuc has been attracting foreign investment due to the present favorable political ___________ of the
province.
A. temperature B. climate C. state D. weather
29. Don't forget to leave your ___________ address in case we have to send you mail to the new place.
A. pursuing B. forwarding C. advancing D. following
30. He was ___________ devastated by the news.
A. utterly B. extremely C. deeply D. immensely
31. The prices of some kinds of electronics have been ___________ by increases in production.
A. sized down B. set down C. tied up D. brought down
32. Many local authorities realize there is a need to make ___________ for disabled people in their housing
programmes.
A. assistance B. conditions C. admittance D. provision
33. The plague, otherwise known as the Black Death, was a ___________ disease.
A. contingent B. contiguous C. contagious D. congenial
34 . I really wasn't ready for the presentation, but was saved by the ___________ when Jack took over for me.
A. tone B. bang C. bell D. ring
35. Ricky Gervais ___________ to fame when he wrote and acted in a funny TTV mock-documentary series
called The Office.
A. arose B. flew C. rose D. raised
36. Despite the fog, we were able to discern a ___________ of cottages in the distance.

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 A. cluster B. clutter C. congregation D. constellation
37. I wish you would stop wasting so much time on computer games and do something a little more
___________.
A. welcome B. enviable C. feasible D. worthwhile
38. We don't want him to suspect we're giving him a surprise party. Make sure you don't ___________.
A. break the ice B. kick the bucket C. spill the beans D. sweep the board
39. Sales began the year at 30,000 units in January and increased slightly ___________ 2,000 units in
February.
A. by B. to C. in D. at
40. ___________ the hard evidence against him, the jury had no option but to find him guilty.
A. Given that B. In view of C. In regard to D. With a view to
41. There were a lot of students at the gala, only a few of ___________ Peter had met before.
A. which B. who C. whom D. whose
42. Choose the underlined part that needs correcting in this sentence.
The fruit of the plantain looks much like a banana, and it is not so sweet or so pleasing in flavor.
A. much B. and C. pleasing D. flavor
Your answer:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14
15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.
22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28.
29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42.

Part 2 .Use the word given in brackets to form a word that fits in the space to complete the passage.
Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes.
In January 2001, the (1. govern)______ Panel Climate Change (IPCC) issued its latest report on
climate change. Climate models worked out by giant super-computers had become far more reliable
since the previous report in 1995 and allowed them to (2. praise)______ the earlier projections for
global warming. Their conclusions were that something very serious is happening and that it cannot be
a natural process. The 1990s was the hottest decade for 1,000 years and the Earth is warming faster than
at any time in the last 10,000 years. According to the report, human activities are (3. equivocate)_____
to blame for the temperature rise. The burning of fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide and, due to
deforestation, there are fewer trees to absorb this gas and recycle back into oxygen. Methane
(4.concentrate)______ have also gone up dramatically because of increases in rice culture and
(5.cattle)______, both of which generate methane from (6. compose) ______ vegetation. These
greenhouses gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere and cause the temperature to rise. In the worst
case, the resulting melting of ice-caps and glaciers would cause sea levels to rise by up to 88 cm,
endangering the homes and (7. lively) ______ of tens of millions of people who live in low-lying
regions.
Unfortunately, there is far greater (8. unanimous) ______ among the world’s scientists over the
issue than among politicians. As long as 1990, the IPCC recommended a 60 % reduction in carbon
dioxide (9. emit) ______, as the basic level required to return the planet’s climate to a healthy level.
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Governments globally failed to (10. act) ______ these proposals. Now that the dangers have been
reaffirmed by the latest report, it is high time that governments took an active interest in exploring
alternative, renewable energy sources.
Your answer:
1. 2.
3. 4.
5. 6.
7. 8.
9. 10.
Part 3. Supply the correct form of the words given in the brackets to complete the following passage
The chupacabra
The chupacabra, or chupacabras, is a (1. BLOOD) ___________, mystery creature, (2. SUPPOSE)
___________ responsible for killing sheep and goats. It occupies the same space between reality
and myth that is occupied by creatures such as the Yeti, the Loch Ness Monster and mermaids, with
one difference it is a (3. RELATE) ___________ new monster. The creature was first reported as
late as 1995 on the island of Puerto Rico in the Caribbean, but ( 4. SEE) ___________ have since
spread to South America, the United States and, most recently, Russia and Southern Europe. If the
chupacabra is real, it has an impressive range for a wild animal. The ( 5. FORE) ___________
expert on the chupacabras calls its "the first internet monster", attributing the rapid spread of
reports to Google. As with most monsters, there is precious little physical evidence, and eyewitness
reports are sketchy and often contradictory, and it has, of course, ( 6. MYSTERY) ___________
avoided capture. Some evidence for the creature's (7. EXIST) ___________ comes from its diet.
The name "chupacabra" literally translates as "goat sucker", because it apparently drains its victims
of blood. Dead sheep have been connected with chupacabras reports from its earliest (8. APPEAR)
___________ in the media. However, scientific analyses of these creatures reveal that dogs or
coyotes are the (9. LIKE) ___________ culprits. So it seems as though the chupacabras is (10.
ESSENCE) ___________ a case of mistaken identity. But, as with all good monsters, the stories
won't go away...
Your answer:
1. 2.
3. 4.
5. 6.
7. 8.
9. 10.

III.READING
Part 1 .Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word. Write your answers in the corresponding
numbered boxes.
Apathy or ignorance?

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 Kande Beach is located on the western shore of Lake Malawi, one of Africa’s Great Lakes. It is an
idyllic location with guaranteed sunshine for much of the year (1) ______ than the rainy season, so it is
hardly surprising that the resort there is much in (2) ______ with tourists.
Many go to enjoy the multitude of activities on (3) ______, such as scuba diving and horse riding.
Yet (4) ______ simply want to lounge about relaxing on the shore, taking the odd dip to cool down now
and then.
Yet few tourists seem to appreciate the fact that on the very doorstep of their little paradise – at the
edge of their bubble, if you will – lies the evidence in microcosm of a desperately impoverished
country.
Kapeti Village, for example, is but a stone’s (5) ______ from the resort. Here, according to local
leaders, the prevalence of one particular very serious incurable illness is alarming at more than 33%. In
other words, fewer than two (6)______ three people are free of disease. However, that incurable disease
is far from the only problem, with malaria, cholera and other serious illnesses also wreaking havoc.
But is the general apathy amongst tourists a sign that they care less? Well, it would seem not. Whilst
it may be a tall order to burst their bubble and remove the illusion of paradise found, efforts to do so are
not entirely in (7) ______. According to locals running village tours, it isn’t (8) ______ they see the
extent of deprivation for themselves that tourists begin to appreciate the problem. Then and only then
do they begin to open their eyes, but at least it’s a start.
Your answer:
1. 2. 3. 4.
5. 6. 7. 8.
Part 2 .
Read the following passage and choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) according to the text. Write
your answers (A, B, C or D) in the corresponding numbered boxes.
Language diversity has always been part of the national demographic landscape of the United States.
At the time of the first census in 1790, about 25% of the population spoke languages other than English
(Lepore, 2002). Thus, there was a diverse pool of native speakers of other languages at the time of the
founding of the republic. Today, nationwide, school districts have reported more than 400 languages
spoken by language-minority students classified as limited English proficient (LEP) students (Kindler,
2002). Between 1991 and 2002, total K-12 student enrollment rose only 12%, whereas LEP student
enrollment increased 95% during this same time period (National Clearinghouse for English Language
Acquisition, 2002b). This rapid increase and changing demographics has intensified the long debate
over the best way to educate language-minority students.
Historically, many groups attempted to maintain their native languages even as they learned English,
and for a time, some were able to do so with relatively little resistance until a wave of xenophobia
swept the country during World War 1 (Kloss, 1977/1998). Other groups, Africans, and Native
Americans encountered repressive politics much earlier. During the 1960s, a more tolerant policy
climate emerged. However, for the past two decades there has been a steady undertow of resistance to
bilingualism and bilingual education. This article provides historical background and analyzes
contemporary trends in language-minority education within the context of the recent national push for
accountability, which typically takes the form of high-stakes testing.
The origins of persistent themes regarding the popular antagonisms toward bilingual education and
the prescribed panaceas of "English immersion" and high-stakes testing in English need to be
scrutinized. As background to the contemporary context, we briefly discuss the history of language
politics in the United States and the ideological underpinnings of the dominant monolingual English
ideology. We analyze the recent attacks on bilingual education for what this attack represents for
educational policy within a multilingual society such as the United States. We emphasize
multilingualism because most discussions of language policy are framed as if monolingualism were part
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of our heritage from which we are now drifting. Framing the language policy issues in this way masks
both the historical and contemporary reality and positions non-English language diversity as an
abnormality that must be cured. Contrary to the steady flow of disinformation, we begin with the
premise that even as English has historically been the dominant language in the United States since the
colonial era, language diversity has always been a fact of life. Thus, efforts to deny that reality
represent a "malady of mind" (Blaut, 1993) that has resulted in either restrictionist or repressive
language policies for minorities.
As more states ponder imposing restrictions on languages of instruction other than English-as
California, Arizona, and Massachusetts have recently done-it is useful to highlight several questions
related to the history of language politics and language planning in the United States. Educational
language planning is frequently portrayed as an attempt to solve the language problems of the minority.
Nevertheless, the historical record indicates that schools have generally failed to meet the needs of
language-minority students (Deschenes, Cuban, & Tyack, 2001) and that the endeavor to plan language
behavior by forcing a rapid shift to English has often been a source of language problems that has
resulted in the denial of language rights and hindered linguistic access to educational, social, economic,
and political benefits even as the promoters of English immersion claim the opposite.
The dominance of English was established under the British during the colonial period, not by
official decree but through language status achievement, that is, through "the legitimization of a
government's decisions regarding acceptable language for those who are to carry out the political,
economic, and social affairs of the political process" (Heath, 1976, p.51). English achieved dominance
as a result of the political and socioeconomic trade between England and colonial administrators,
colonists, and traders. Other languages coexisted with English in the colonies with notable exceptions.
Enslaved Africans were prohibited from using their native tongues for fear that it would facilitate
resistance or rebellion. From the 1740s forward, southern colonies simultaneously institutionalized
"compulsory ignorance" laws that prohibited those enslaved from acquiring English literacy for
similar reasons. These restrictive slave codes were carried forward as the former southern colonies
became states of the newly United States and remained in force until the end of the Civil War in 1865
(Weinberg, 1977/1995). Thus, the very first formal language policies were restrictive with the explicit
purpose of promoting social control.
1. What is the primary purpose of including the statistic from the 1790 census in the introductory
paragraph?
A. To explain how colonizing the US eradicated language diversity.
B. To show concrete evidence that language diversity in the US is not a new phenomenon.
C. To note that before that time, there was no measure of language diversity in the US.
D. To demonstrate that census data can be inaccurate.
2. The article compares two sets of statistics from the years 1991-2002, increases in K-12 enrollment
and increases in LEP students, to highlight______.
A. that the two numbers, while often cited in research, are insignificant
B. that while many people with school-age children immigrated to the US during this time, an equal
amount left the country as well
C. that language diversity had no impact on US student enrollment during this time
D. that while the total amount of students enrolled in US schools may have grown slowly, the
amount of those students who were LEP increased dramatically
3. According to the second paragraph, many groups maintained their native languages without
resistance into the 20th century EXCEPT__________.
A. Native Americans and African Americans B. Irish Americans and African Americans
C. Mexican Americans and Native Americas D. Native Americans and Dutch Americans
4. Why is the word "undertow" emphasized in the second paragraph?

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 A. To explain how certain groups continued to carry their native languages with them despite the
opposition from those against language diversity.
B. To show the secretive and sneaky nature of those opposed to language diversity.
C. To call attention to the ebb and flow of language resistance during the 20th century, experiencing
periods of both rest and extremism.
D. To explain that, while many groups tried to maintain their native languages, many gave in to
social and political pressure to use only English.
5. What is the best way to describe the function of the third paragraph in this excerpt?
A. The paragraph provides its primary thesis as well an outline of the article's main points.
B. The paragraph is an unnecessary and irrelevant inclusion.
C. The paragraph serves to reveal the conclusions of the article before detailing the data.
D. The paragraph firmly establishes the article's stance against language diversity.
6. What is the best summary of why the phrase "multilingualism" is emphasized in the third
paragraph?
A. Language repression stems from the US's unwillingness to recognize the languages of its foreign
allies.
B. Because language is constantly changing and often goes through multiple phases over time.
C. The authors firmly believe that speaking more than one language gives students a substantial
benefit in higher education.
D. Language policy discussions often assumes that the US has a monolinguistic history, which is
untrue and poses language diversity as threatening.
7. Phrases such as "prescribed panaceas" and "malady of the mind" are used in the third paragraph
to______.
A. defend the point that the US must standardize its language education or there will be severe
results
B. point out that language is as much a physical process as an intellectual one
C. illustrate how certain opponents of language diversity equate multilingual education with a kind
of national disease
D. demonstrate how the stress of learning multiple languages can make students ill
8. According to the fourth paragraph, all of the following are potential negatives of rapid English
immersion EXCEPT__________.
A. it can lead to a denial of language rights for particular groups
B. students become more familiar with conversational expressions and dialect
C. it can prevent access to certain benefits that are always available to fluent speakers
D. it can promote feelings of alienation among groups that are already in a minority status
9. The best alternate definition of "language status achievement" is __________.
A. when enough scholarly work has been produced in a language, it is officially recognized
B. those who are in power socially and economically determine the status of a language
C. languages fall into a hierarchy depending upon the numbers of populations that speak them
D. the position of a language in which no others may coexist with it
10. From the context of the final paragraph, what does "compulsory ignorance" mean?
A. Populations at the time were required only to obtain a certain low level of education.
B. Slave populations were compelled to only speak in their native languages and not learn English.
C. That slaves were forcibly prevented from developing their native language skills out of fear that
they would gain power.
D. Slave owners would not punish slaves who did not wish to learn and speak only English.
Your answer:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

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6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Part 3

Read the following passage and write the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct
answer to each of the questions.
[1] Charles Darwin's Theory of Evolution is known as one of the most important and controversial
scientific theories ever published. Darwin was an English scientist in the 19th century best known for his book
"On the Origin of Species." In his book, Darwin postulated different species shared characteristics of
common ancestors, that they branched off from common ancestors as they evolved, and that new traits and
characteristics were a result of natural selection. The theory is based on the assumptions that life developed
from non-life and progressed and evolved in an indirect manner. Therefore, the Theory of Evolution,
while controversial, has shaped and influenced the modern scientific world's thinking on the development of
life itself. Darwin was born on February 12, 1809 in England. Although initially entering into medicine,
Darwin chose to pursue his interest in natural science and embarked on a five-year journey aboard the H.M.S.
Beagle, a British sloop belonging to the Royal Navy. Because of his experience aboard the Beagle, he laid the
foundation for his Theory of Evolution while also establishing himself within the scientific community.
Specifically, Darwin's keen observation of the fossils and wildlife he saw during his time on the Beagle served
as the basis for the cornerstone of his theory: natural selection.
[2] Natural selection contributes to the basis of Darwin's Theory of Evolution. One of the core tenets of
Darwin's theory is that more offspring are always produced for a species than can possibly survive. Yet, no
two offspring are perfectly alike. As a result, through random mutation and genetic drift, offspring develop
new traits and characteristics. Over time beneficial traits and characteristics that promote survival will be kept
in the gene pool while those that harm survival will be selected against. Therefore, this natural selection
ensures that a species gradually improves itself over an extended duration of time. On the other hand, as a
species continues to 'improve’ itself, it branches out to create entirely new species that are no longer capable of
reproducing together.
[3] Through natural selection, organisms could branch off from each other and evolve to the point
where they no longer belong to the same species. Consequently, simple organisms evolve into more complex
and different organisms as species break away from one another. Natural selection parallels selective breeding
employed by humans on domesticated animals for centuries. Namely, horse breeders will ensure that horses
with particular characteristics, such as speed and endurance, are allowed to produce offspring while horses that
do not share those above-average traits will not. Therefore, over several generations, the new offspring will
already be pre-disposed towards being excellent racing horses.
[4] Darwin's theory is that "selective breeding" occurs in nature as "natural selection" is the engine
behind evolution. Thus, the theory provides an excellent basis for understanding how organisms change over
time. Nevertheless, it is just a theory and elusively difficult to prove. One of the major holes in Darwin's
theory revolves around "irreducibly complex systems". An irreducibly complex system is known as a system

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where many different parts must all operate together. As a result, in the absence of one, the system as a whole
collapses. Consequently, as modern technology improves, science can identify these "irreducibly complex
systems" even at microscopic levels. These complex systems, if so inter-reliant, would be resistant to Darwin's
supposition of how evolution occurs. As Darwin himself admitted, "to suppose that the eye with all its
inimitable contrivance for adjusting the focus for different distances, for admitting different amounts of light,
and for the correction of spherical and chromatic aberration, could have been formed by natural selection,
seems, I free confess, absurd in the highest degree."
[5] In conclusion, "On the Origin of Species" is known as one of the most consequential books ever
published. Darwin's Theory of Evolution remains, to this day, a lightning rod for controversy. The theory can
be observed repeatedly, but never proven, and there are a plethora of instances that cast doubt on the processes
of natural selection and evolution. Darwin's conclusions were a result of keen observation and training as a
naturalist. Despite the controversy that swirls around his theory, Darwin remains one of the most influential
scientists and naturalists ever born due to his Theory of Evolution.
1. The word "postulated" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ___________.
A. disagreed B. proved C. opposed D. hypothesized
2. Which sentence is most similar to the following sentence from paragraph 1?
The theory is based on the assumptions that life developed from non-life and progressed and evolved in
an indirect manner.
A. The Theory of Evolution is founded on evidence that non-organic compounds are the basis of life,
developed in an unguided way.
B. Based on certain assumptions, we can prove that evolution occurs in all living and non-living
entities.
C. According to Darwin, if we assume that life at its origin was created from nonorganic compounds
and developed in an unguided manner, his theory holds true.
D. Due to the controversy, it is hard to make assumptions about the Theory of Evolution.
3. According to paragraph 2, what are the causes for species developing new traits and characteristics?
A. Mutation and genetic drift B. Survival and selection
C. Medicine and longevity D. Tenets and theory
4. What is the purpose of paragraph 3 in the passage?
A. To show the simple-to-complex nature of natural selection in context.
B. To create doubt as to the validity of the theory.
C. To contrast with the ideas presented in paragraph 2.
D. To segue into the main point presented in paragraph 4.
5. The word "contrivance" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ___________.
A. maintenance B. retention C. absurdity D. system
6. All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 4 as a viewpoint to state that natural selection is difficult to
prove EXCEPT ___________.

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 A. The belief that the complexity of the human eye could have been formed by natural selection seems
highly unlikely.
B. Selective breeding is the major hole in the theory of natural selection.
C. Modern technology has been used to prove that irreducibly complex systems exists.
D. The presence of irreducibly complex system contradicts how evolution occurs.
7. In paragraph 4, what was the author's purpose of including a quote that the belief that the complexity of the
human eye could have been formed by natural selection seems highly unlikely?
A. To provide evidence that irreducibly complex systems exists.
B. To prove that the natural selection contradicts the basis of Darwin's Theory of Evolution.
C. To support that the natural selection contributes to the basis of Darwin's Theory of Evolution.
D. To support the claim that natural selection is just a theory and difficult to prove.
8. These sentences express the most important ideas in the passage EXCЕРТ ___________.
A. Natural selection explains how species change gradually over time.
B. The Theory of Evolution describes how species "branch out" from a common ancestor.
C. Creationists strongly object to the premise of the Theory of Evolution.
D. Both Darwin and "On the Origin of Species" are among the most influential things to happen to
naturalist science.
Your answer:
1. 2. 3. 4.
5. 6. 7. 8.
Part 4.
Read the following passage and fill in each blank with ONE most suitable word.
One of the hazards that electronic media like the television, radio or computers (1) ___________ these
days is the decline in book reading.
The concern applies mainly to the younger generations (2) ___________ are strongly tempted by the
glamour of the silver screen and, consequently, don't recognize the importance of acquiring first-hand
information from books.
To encourage reading for pleasure and to propagate a wide array of publications (3) ___________
encyclopedias, reference books, manuals or fiction, radical solutions should be applied. Firstly, more emphasis
ought to be put on the educational factor. Youngsters should be made to feel comfortable while reading either
for information or self-satisfaction in (4) ___________ places like airports, buses or on the beach. Secondly,
libraries must be subsidized (5) ___________ accurately in order to provide the potential readers with ample
choice of publications and to become more publically active so as to put books at people's ( 6) ___________
rather than keep them under lock and key. Fund collecting actions organized by libraries might also raise the
public awareness of the advantages of becoming engrossed in a good book. (7) ___________, the mass media
themselves might contribute substantially by recommending the purchase of valuable best-sellers and inspiring
their viewers to enrich knowledge and erudition, and thus helping them to develop the habit of spontaneous
reading.
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Your answer:
1. 2.
3. 4.
5. 6.
7. 8.

Part 5.
Read the following passage and write the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or
phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
Very few of us would admit putting much trust in horoscopes and the fact that the movements of
astronomical bodies (1) ___________ to earthly occurrences affecting people's everyday lives.
We all know about the zodiac signs which reflect the position of the sun, the moon and the planets at
the moment of a man's birth and about the peculiar characteristics ascribed to them by astrologers. We say we
will take these phenomena with a pinch of salt while we keep (2) ___________ our eyes over them in every
tabloid we lay our hands on. Most frequently, we expect horoscopes to predict the future, to (3) ___________
our optimistic mood with a piece of comforting information or to boost our ego by confirming the superlative
features that we tend to attribute to our zodiacs.
However, there's no scientific evidence to corroborate the assumption that human existence is so
closely (4) ___________ with the parameters of the celestial bodies. Our curiosity in horoscopes may, then,
stem our sheer fascination with the unexplained or the unpredictable as well as in the enticing insight into the
future that the horoscopes offer, thus establishing the sense of our (5) ___________ an extreme power over
our own lives. An additional explanation is that humans tend to have a soft spot for any form of flattery, which
is the fact to which astrologers and the horoscope writers seem to attach the greatest deal of weight.
1. A. rely B. correspond C. match D. compare
2. A. running B. sending C. fixing D putting
3. A. restore B. adjust C. upgrade D. reassure
4. A fused B. adhered C. coalesced D. intertwined
5. A. disposing B. wielding C. effecting D. Committing
Your answer:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
THE END

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