5 marks-
1. Discuss the pros and cons of globalisation on CSR initiatives taken by different organizations
with examples.
Answer:
Pros:
Standardization of CSR practices: Globalisation encourages companies to adopt global CSR
standards such as ISO 26000 and UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Improved transparency: MNCs are expected to maintain accountability across borders.
Access to global knowledge: Companies learn and adopt best practices from international
peers.
Example: Coca-Cola practices water stewardship globally, adapting to local water needs in India
and Africa.
Cons:
One-size-fits-all approach: Global standards may not always fit local contexts, causing
ineffective CSR.
Ethical compromise for profit: Some companies relocate to countries with lenient regulations to
save costs, risking labor exploitation.
Cultural insensitivity: CSR programs may overlook local traditions or social needs.
Example: Clothing brands outsourcing to sweatshops have faced backlash despite having
global CSR policies.
—
2. Discuss about Indian values and ethics.
Answer:
Indian values are derived from ancient scriptures like the Bhagavad Gita, Vedas, and
Upanishads. Core values include:
Dharma (duty): Doing what is right in a given situation.
Satya (truth): Practicing honesty.
Ahimsa (non-violence): Respect for all life forms.
Seva (service): Serving others selflessly.
In a business context, these values guide ethical conduct, corporate responsibility, and respect
for stakeholders.
Example: The Tata Group has a long history of embedding Indian ethical values in its
operations, such as community development and employee welfare.
---
3. Differentiate between charity and philanthropy with examples of organizations engaged in it.
Answer:
Charity is short-term help, often emotional and reactive, aimed at relieving immediate suffering.
Philanthropy is long-term, strategic giving that addresses root causes of social issues.
Charity Example: Donating clothes to flood victims.
Philanthropy Example: Azim Premji Foundation working on systemic education reform in rural
India.
Charity meets urgent needs; philanthropy builds capacity and sustains change over time.
—
4. How is industries’ and citizens’ participation involved in sustainable development?
Answer:
Industries contribute by:
Adopting green technologies
Reducing carbon emissions
Practicing ethical sourcing and waste management
Supporting community initiatives
Citizens contribute by:
Reducing personal carbon footprints
Supporting sustainable businesses
Participating in environmental and social campaigns
Example: Infosys uses solar power and recycles water at its campuses; citizens participate in
tree plantation drives and avoid plastic usage.
Sustainable development needs collaboration from both corporate and civil society.
---
5. State contemporary issues and hurdles in CSR.
Answer:
Lack of awareness: Many companies and employees do not fully understand CSR benefits.
Superficial compliance: Some companies treat CSR as a checkbox activity without real
commitment.
Limited community involvement: CSR programs may fail if local communities are not consulted.
Insufficient monitoring: Companies may not track the actual impact of CSR initiatives.
Legal confusion: Ambiguities in laws like Section 135 of Companies Act create compliance
issues.
Example: A firm may build toilets in villages but not ensure maintenance or usage, leading to
project failure.
---
6. Explain identifying key stakeholders of CSR.
Answer:
Stakeholders are individuals or groups affected by or influencing a company’s CSR activities.
Identifying them is crucial for impact and alignment. Key stakeholders include:
Employees: Need ethical treatment, fair wages, and safe work environments.
Customers: Expect responsible and sustainable products.
Communities: Seek development, health, and education benefits.
Investors: Want assurance of ethical, risk-managed operations.
Government/Regulators: Monitor compliance with CSR laws.
Engaging these groups through dialogue, surveys, or partnerships ensures CSR aligns with
actual needs and gains trust.
Example: Hindustan Unilever consults rural women for its “Shakti” program, empowering them
as brand ambassadors.
