Unit 2: Installation and Configuration of Android

Q.1] Types of Operating System

1. Batch Operating System
2. Time Sharing Operating System.
3. Distributed Operating System.
4. Network Operating System
5. Real- Time Operating System
Q.2] What is Java JDK
JDK:
The Java Development Kit (JDK) is a software development environment
used for developing Java applications and applets. It includes the Java Runtime
Environment (JRE), an interpreter/loader (java), a compiler (javac), an archiver
(jar), a documentation generator (javadoc) and other tools needed in Java
development.

Q.3] Components of JDK

1. Appletviewer: This tool is used to run and debug Java applets without a
web browser.
2. apt: It is an annotation-processing tool.
3. Javac: It specifies the Java compiler, which converts source code into Java
bytecode.
4. Javadoc: The documentation generator, which automatically generates
documentation from source code comments
5. Jar: The specifies the archiver, which packages related class libraries into
a single JAR file. This tool also helps manage JAR files
6. Idlj: An IDL-to-Java compiler. This utility generates Java bindings from
a given Java IDL file.

Q.4] What is JVM

JVM:
JVM (Java Virtual Machine) is an abstract machine. It is a specification
that provides runtime environment in which java bytecode can be executed.
Q.5] What is JRE
JRE:
The Java Runtime Environment (JRE) is a set of software tools for
development of Java applications. It combines the Java Virtual Machine (JVM),
platform core classes and supporting libraries.

Q.6] Explain SDK

The Android Software Development Kit (SDK) allows developers to create
applications for the Android Platform. The Android SDK is the most important
software of android which is installed.
▪ The Android SDK provides debugger to test android applications, the API
libraries, an emulator, documentation, sample code, developer tools and
tutorials which help us to build, test and debug apps from Android

Q.7] Explain features of Android SDK.

1. Android Tool:
This tool helps in managing the Android Virtual Device projects
as well as the installed components of the software development kit.
2. Emulator Tool:
It helps us in testing the applications without the need of using
the application on an actual device.
3. Dalvik Debug Monitor Server(DDMS):
DDMS is very useful for
debugging the Android Application.
4. Android Debug Bridge (ADB):
It is a very versatile command-line tool and is
helpful for the communication between the developer and the Emulator or the
Android device that is connected.
Q.8] Components of Android SDK
1. SDK Tools
• Core development tools for building, debugging, and packaging Android
apps.
2. SDK Platform-Tools
Android SDK Platform-tools is helpful when we are working on Project and they
will show the error messages at the same time. It is specifically used for testing.
It includes:
• Android Debug Bridge (ADB), is a command-line tool that helps to
communicate with the device. It allows us to perform an action such as
Installing App and Debugging App etc.
• Fastboot allows you to flash a device with a new system image.
3. Android Platform/API
• The libraries and system images for a specific Android version (e.g.,
Android 12, Android 13).
• Necessary to compile apps targeting specific Android versions.
4. Android Emulator
• Virtual device to test apps without a physical device.
• Includes a QEMU-based emulator and system images (e.g., Google APIs,
Play Store-enabled images).

Q.9] What is Android Development tool (ADT)

Android Development
Tools (ADT) is a plugin for the Eclipse IDE that is designed to give you a
powerful, integrated environment in which to build Android applications
Q.10] Android Development Tools
Android Development Tools –
1. Android Studio
2. ADB (Android Debug Bridge)
3. AVD Manager
4. Eclipse
5. Fabric
6. FlowUp
7. GameMaker : Studio
8. Genymotion
9. Gradle
10. Intellij IDE

1. Android Studio: Official IDE for developing Android applications with

coding, debugging, and testing capabilities.

2. ADB (Android Debug Bridge): A command-line tool to communicate and

debug Android devices.

3. AVD Manager: A tool in Android Studio to create and manage virtual

devices for app testing.

4. Eclipse: An earlier IDE used for Android development before Android

Studio became the standard.

5. Fabric: A tool for tracking app performance and crash reporting.

6. FlowUp: Monitors app performance metrics like FPS, memory usage, and
battery consumption.
 7. GameMaker: Studio: A development environment for creating Android
games with minimal coding.

8. Genymotion: A fast and powerful Android emulator for testing apps.

9. Gradle: A build tool for automating, managing dependencies, and

compiling Android projects.

10.IntelliJ IDEA: A versatile IDE used for Android development, also

serving as the base for Android Studio.

Q.11] Define Android Virtual Devices (AVD).

Android Virtual Device:
An Android Virtual Device (AVD) is a configuration that
defines the characteristics of an Android phone, tablet, Wear OS, Android TV, or
Automotive OS device that you want to simulate in the Android Emulator. The
AVD Manager is an interface you can launch from Android Studio that helps you
create and manage AVDs.
Q.12] Define emulator.
Emulator:
An Android emulator is a tool that creates virtual Android devices
on your computer. The emulator lets you prototype, develop and test Android
applications without using a physical device.
Q.13] Define Dalvik Virtual Machine (DVM).
Dalvik Virtual Machine:
Dalvik Virtual Machine is a register-based machine that
compiles byte code to get dex code and that ensures that a device can run multiple
instances efficiently.
 Q.14] Difference between DVM and JVM
JVM DVM
1. It is stack based 1. It is Register based which is designed to
run on low memory
2. Runs Java bytecode 2. Runs Dalvik bytecode on Android

3. Garbage Collection (GC) optimized for 3. Garbage Collection optimized for mobile
desktop/servers devices
4. The executable file for the device is .jar 4. The executable file for the device is .apk
file. file
5. For JVM very many re-tools are available 5. For DVM very few re-tools are available

6. It has constant pool for every class 6. There is constant pool for every
application
7. Cross-platform (desktop, server, mobile) 7. Specific to Android devices

8. Supports multiple operating systems like 8. Support only the Android operation
Linux, Windows, and Mac OS. system.

Q.15] Working of JVM

 ▪ JVM is the virtual machine that runs java code on different platforms. It
acts as an abstract layer between the program and the platform on which
the java code is running.
▪ The portability of Java code is possible only because of the JVM.
▪ The javac compiler converts the source code file (.java file) into an
intermediate java bytecode format which is machine/platform
independent.
▪ This intermediate file is then provided to the target machine/platform
where it gets translated into machine code.
▪ JVM supports multiple host architecture and it is the reason why Java
applications are called WORA (Write Once Run Anywhere).

Q. 16] Working of DVM

▪ The Dex compiler converts the class files into the .dex file that run on the
Dalvik VM. Multiple class files are converted into one dex file.
▪ The javac tool compiles the java source file into the class file.
▪ The dx tool takes all the class files of your application and generates a
single .dex file. It is a platform-specific tool.
▪ The Android Assets Packaging Tool (aapt) handles the packaging process.
Q.17] Explain the steps to install and configure Android studio and
SDK.
Step 1: Go to https://developer.android.com/android-studio/download to get the
Android Studio executable or zip file.
Step 2:
• Click on the Download Android Studio Button.
• Click on the “I have read and agree with the above terms and
conditions” checkbox followed by the download button
• Click on the Save file button in the appeared prompt box and the file
will start downloading.
Step 3: After the downloading has finished, open the file from downloads and
will prompt the following dialog box. Click on next. In the next prompt,
it’ll ask for a path for installation. Choose a path and hit next.

Step 4: It will start the installation, and once it is completed, it will be like the
image shown below.
Step 5: Once “Finish” is clicked, it will ask whether the previous settings need to
be imported, or not. It is better to choose the ‘Don’t import Settings
option’. Click the OK button.
Step 6: This will start the Android Studio. Meanwhile, it will be finding the
available SDK components.
Step 7: After it has found the SDK components, it will redirect to the Welcome
dialog box. Choose Standard and click on Next. Now choose the theme,
whether the Light theme or the Dark one. The light one is called the
IntelliJ theme whereas the dark theme is called Darcula. Choose as
required. Click on the Next button.
Step 8: Now it is time to download the SDK components. Click on Finish.
Components begin to download let it complete. The Android Studio has
been successfully configured.
Now it’s time to launch and build apps. Click on the Finish button to
launch it.
Step 9: Click on Start a new Android Studio project to build a new app.
Q.18] Installing Android SDK
Installing Android SDK
Within Android Studio, you can install the Android SDK as follows:
1. Click Tools > SDK Manager.
2. In the SDK Platforms tab, select Android Tiramisu Preview.
3. In the SDK Tools tab, select Android SDK Build.
4. Click OK to install the SDK.

1st Chapter
OHA (Open Handset Alliance)
▪ The Open Handset Alliance (OHA) is a business alliance that was created
for the purpose of developing open mobile device standards.
▪ The OHA has approximately 80 member companies, including HTC,
Dell, Intel, Motorola, Qualcomm and Google.
Goals of OHA:
1. Develop Open Standards for Mobile Platforms:
▪ Establish a free, open-source, and standardized mobile operating
system to overcome the fragmentation in mobile technology.

2. Promote Innovation in Mobile Technology:

▪ Enable developers to build powerful, customizable applications
using flexible and modern tools.

3. Lower Costs for Development and Deployment:

▪ Use open-source technologies to reduce licensing and development
costs, making mobile technology accessible to a broader audience.
4. Achieve Device and App Compatibility:
▪ Ensure seamless compatibility between Android apps and devices,
enhancing user experience across various manufacturers and
operators.
Importance of OHA
1. Lower overall handset costs: Opens up resources, which facilitates the
focus on creating innovative applications, solutions and services.
2. Developer-friendly environment: In the open-source community,
developers share notes to expedite application development.
3. Post-development: Provides an ideal channel for application marketing
and distribution.