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Plant Reproduction

The document outlines the differences between asexual and sexual reproduction in plants, highlighting the number of parents, genetic variation, advantages, and disadvantages of each method. It describes the structure of flowers involved in sexual reproduction, including male and female components, and contrasts insect and wind pollination characteristics. Additionally, it explains the fertilization process, seed development, dispersal methods, and conditions necessary for germination.

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1 views2 pages

Plant Reproduction

The document outlines the differences between asexual and sexual reproduction in plants, highlighting the number of parents, genetic variation, advantages, and disadvantages of each method. It describes the structure of flowers involved in sexual reproduction, including male and female components, and contrasts insect and wind pollination characteristics. Additionally, it explains the fertilization process, seed development, dispersal methods, and conditions necessary for germination.

Uploaded by

cowoliver1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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6.

Plant reproduction

Asexual and sexual reproduction


Asexual Sexual
Number of parents 1 2
Sex cells (gametes) and No Yes
fertilisation involved
Offspring Genetically identical (clones) Genetically varied
Advantages Fast, produce lots of offspring, good when Produces variation for natural selection and
conditions are ideal adaptations to different conditions
Disadvantages No genetic variation – all susceptible to same Slower, need to find mate
diseases
Examples in plants Runners e.g. spider plant, tubers e.g. potatoes Male nuclei from pollen fertilising female
(natural), taking cuttings, micropropagation nuclei in ovule
(artificial)

Sexual reproduction – Structure of the flower

Male
Stamen – anther produces pollen, filament attaches anther to flower
Female
Carpel – stigma is where the pollen lands, style is where the pollen tube grows,
ovary contains the ovule which contains the female gamete.

Wind vs insect pollination plants


Insect pollinated Wind pollinated
Large, brightly coloured petals Small, dull coloured petals
Scented and has a nectary (produce No scent or nectary
nectar) Lots of small, light, smooth
Moderate number of larger sticky pollen pollen
grains Long filament and style, anther
Anther and stigma inside the flower and stigma outside of flower.

Fertilisation and seed development


Pollen grain containing male gamete lands on stigma. Pollen tube
grows downs style using enzymes. Gamete enters the ovule in the
ovary via the micropyle and fertilises the female gamete to form a
zygote. Zygote divides to form an embryo, the ovule becomes the seed
and the ovary becomes the fruit.

Plumule – will form the shoot


Radicle – will form the root
Seed coat – protective outer layer
Cotyledon – food store, provides glucose for respiration until the young plant can
photosynthesise itself.
The seed

Seed dispersal – seed can be dispersed by wind, water, and animals.


Germination – occurs when the seed coat splits and the shoots and roots become visible. Will only happen in certain
conditions;
Water available – activates enzymes, high enough temperature – so enzymes have enough kinetic energy, Oxygen
available – used for aerobic respiration.

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