Key Words 5.

2 Organize Outcomes, pages 165–170

For #1 to #3, copy the statement and fill in the 7. A chef tapes the word
blanks. Use some of these words. salad to one side of a
experimental favourable independent coin and cooked to the
possible random sample space other side. He makes a b rocc
spinner with regions for oli
theoretical tree diagram carrots
broccoli, carrots, and beans
1. Probability is the number of ���������� beans. He flips the coin
outcomes divided by the number of once and spins the spinner once to choose
�������� outcomes. the vegetable for the night’s special at
2. The probability of an event occurring Café Chef. List the sample space for
based on experimental results is called this experiment.
������������ probability.
8. At a restaurant,
3. A ���� ������� and a table are two Carrie decides to
ways of organizing outcomes. close her eyes and
4. Rearrange the circled letters in #1 to #3 randomly point to
to find one of the remaining key words. one dinner and
Define this word. one dessert on
the menu.
a) What is the
5.1 Probability, pages 158–164
sample space?
5. A tool box contains three screwdrivers Draw a diagram
and two wrenches. An electrician’s helper or table that
chooses a tool at random. What is the shows all of the possible combinations.
probability she has grabbed a wrench? b) How many dinner and dessert
Write your answer as a fraction, a ratio, combinations are possible?
and as a percent.

6. Melée chooses a 5.3 Probabilities of Simple Independent

card at random Events, pages 171–176
from the following
9. A coin is flipped twice.
set. Write each probability as a fraction, a
ratio, and a percent. a) What is the sample space? Draw a tree
diagram to show the possible outcomes.
a) What is P(red)? b) What is P(3 or 4)?
b) What is the probability of flipping
c) What is the probability of choosing two tails?
a number that is a multiple of 3?
d) What is P(less than 7)?

190 NEL • Chapter 5

10. A tool box contains a hammer, a screwdriver, 5.5 Conduct Probability Experiments,
a pair of pliers, and a tape measure. A pail pages 183–189
contains 1 nail, 4 screws, and 2 hooks. You
13. A spinner with 4 equal regions labelled A,
randomly choose one item from the tool box
B, C, D is spun 20 times. The following
and one item from the pail.
tally chart shows the experimental
a) Create a table to organize the possible outcomes. Write any probabilities in
outcomes. fraction form.
b) What is the probability of getting A B C D
a hammer from the tool box and a |||| |||| | |||| || |||
nail from the pail ?
a) From the tally chart, what is the
c) What is P(tape measure, screwdriver)?
experimental probability of spinning C?
b) What is the theoretical probability of
5.4 Applications of Independent Events,
spinning C?
pages 177–182
c) Explain why the answers for a) and b)
11. a) Describe or draw two 1
are not the same.
2
possible independent 1
3
events that could be 4
14. Anya is tossing a red and white algebra tile.
1
represented by this 2 She wants to determine the probability of
2
tree diagram. 3
getting two different colours on two tile
4
b) What is the probability 1 flips. She uses a random number generator
that both numbers are 2
3
3
to get results for 20 pairs of flips.
the same? 4
1
c) What is the probability 2
4
that the sum of the 3
4
numbers is 5?
d) What is the probability that the number
for the first event is smaller than the
number for the second event?

12. Each spinner is spun once.

L Y
O O
E
V U

a) Draw a tree diagram to organize the a) What is the experimental probability of

sample space. getting a red and a white, in any order?
b) What is the probability of getting b) What is the theoretical probability of
two letter Os? getting a red and a white, in any order?
c) What is the probability that the letter c) Compare the experimental probability
will not be the same on both spinners? with the theoretical probability.

Chapter Review • NEL 191

For #1 to #5, choose the best answer. 5. The following tally chart shows the results
A bag contains 10 balls. of a probability experiment for 20 spins of
One ball is chosen at the spinner. Which number has a higher
random. Use the diagram experimental probability than would
to answer #1 to #3. be expected?
1 2 3 4
1. What is the
probability that |||| |||| || |||| ||||
a Fire ball is A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4
chosen?

A _1_ B 2
__ 1
C ___ 3
D ___ Short Answer
5 5 10 10
6. The A-Plus company will print yellow,
2. What is the probability that an Air or green, and orange T-shirts with the day
Water ball is chosen? of the week. Draw a tree diagram to
7
A ___ B 2 __ C 1__ D _1_
display the possible outcomes.
10 5 5 2
7. Customers at Fresh Menu
3. What is the probability that an Earth ball Wrap Restaurant can
Drinks
is not chosen? choose a single item Milk
A 10% B 40% C 60% D 90% from each section of the Apple Juice
menu. Create a table to Meals
Use this diagram to answer #4 and #5. show the possible Chicken Wrap
Cheese Pizza
outcomes. Caesar Salad

8. The following spinner is

1
spun twice.
4 2 a) Are the outcomes of beans

3
the spinner equally beans peppers
likely? Explain. tomatoes
4. The coin is flipped once. The spinner is b) Create a tree diagram
spun once. What is the total number of that shows the possible outcomes.
possible outcomes?
c) What is the probability that beans is
A 2 B 4 C 6 D 8 spun both times?
d) What is the probability that the same
vegetable is not repeated on the second
spin?

192 NEL • Chapter 5

 9. A spinner with 5 equal regions is Extended Response
spun twice. 10. Anthony has been fouled in a basketball
game and will now have two free throws.
The team statistics show that he has a 4 in
1 2 5 chance of making both free throws.
5 3 a) How could you use a spinner to show
4
the possibility of Anthony making both
free throws?
a) Create a table to show the sample
space. b) Develop a table of the possible
outcomes. Circle the favourable
b) What is the probability that the same
outcomes.
number appears on both spins? Write
your answer as a fraction and as a c) Star used a spinner to check the
percent. experimental probability of Anthony
making both free throws. She did 100
c) What is the probability that the sum of
trials. Her results showed Anthony
the two spins is 3? Write your answer
succeeding 75 times. Show this
as a percent.
experimental probability as a percent.
d) What is the probability that the first
d) Determine the theoretical probability of
spin is a larger number than the second
Anthony making both free throws.
spin? Write your answer as a fraction.
e) Compare the experimental probability
and the theoretical probability.

WRAP IT UP!
Work with a partner to create your own simple game that uses a pair of dice.
Play your game several times.
Write a report about your game including the following information:
• What are the rules for your game?
• What are all the possible outcomes?
• How does a player win the game?
• What probabilities are important to know? Justify your response.
• Compare the theoretical probabilities of the game to the experimental
probabilities you experienced while playing.
• What strategies might you use to increase your chances of winning? Justify
your response.

Practice Test • NEL 193